sTrainSeq {supraHex} | R Documentation

## Function to implement training via sequential algorithm

### Description

`sTrainSeq` is supposed to perform sequential training algorithm. It requires three inputs: a "sMap" or "sInit" object, input data, and a "sTrain" object specifying training environment. The training is implemented iteratively, each training cycle consisting of: i) randomly choose one input vector; ii) determine the winner hexagon/rectangle (BMH) according to minimum distance of codebook matrix to the input vector; ii) update the codebook matrix of the BMH and its neighbors via updating formula (see "Note" below for details). It also returns an object of class "sMap".

### Usage

    sTrainSeq(sMap, data, sTrain, verbose = TRUE)

### Arguments

`sMap` | an object of class "sMap" or "sInit"
`data` | a data frame or matrix of input data
`sTrain` | an object of class "sTrain"
`verbose` | logical to indicate whether the messages will be displayed in the screen. By default, it sets to TRUE for display

### Value

an object of class "sMap", a list with following components:

- `nHex`: the total number of hexagons/rectanges in the grid

- `xdim`: x-dimension of the grid

- `ydim`: y-dimension of the grid

- `r`: the hypothetical radius of the grid

- `lattice`: the grid lattice

- `shape`: the grid shape

- `coord`: a matrix of nHex x 2, with each row corresponding to the coordinates of a hexagon/rectangle in the 2D map grid

- `init`: an initialisation method

- `neighKernel`: the training neighborhood kernel

- `codebook`: a codebook matrix of nHex x ncol(data), with each row corresponding to a prototype vector in input high-dimensional space

- `call`: the call that produced this result

### Note

Updating formula is: m_i(t+1) = m_i(t) + α(t)*h_{wi}(t)*[x(t)-m_i(t)], where

- t denotes the training time/step

- i and w stand for the hexagon/rectangle i and the winner BMH w, respectively

- x(t) is an input vector randomly choosen (from the input data) at time t

- m_i(t) and m_i(t+1) are respectively the prototype vectors of the hexagon i at time t and t+1

- α(t) is the learning rate at time t. There are three types of learning rate functions:

  - For "linear" function, α(t)=α_0*(1-t/T)

  - For "power" function, α(t)=α_0*(0.005/α_0)^{t/T}

  - For "invert" function, α(t)=α_0/(1+100*t/T)

  - Where α_0 is the initial learing rate (typically, α_0=0.5 at "rough" stage, α_0=0.05 at "finetune" stage), T is the length of training time/step (often being set to input data length, i.e., the total number of rows)

- h_{wi}(t) is the neighborhood kernel, a non-increasing function of i) the distance d_{wi} between the hexagon/rectangle i and the winner BMH w, and ii) the radius δ_t at time t. There are five kernels available:

  - For "gaussian" kernel, h_{wi}(t)=e^{-d_{wi}^2/(2*δ_t^2)}

  - For "cutguassian" kernel, h_{wi}(t)=e^{-d_{wi}^2/(2*δ_t^2)}*(d_{wi} ≤ δ_t)

  - For "bubble" kernel, h_{wi}(t)=(d_{wi} ≤ δ_t)

  - For "ep" kernel, h_{wi}(t)=(1-d_{wi}^2/δ_t^2)*(d_{wi} ≤ δ_t)

  - For "gamma" kernel, h_{wi}(t)=1/Γ(d_{wi}^2/(4*δ_t^2)+2)

### See Also

`sTrainology`, `visKernels`

### Examples

    # 1) generate an iid normal random matrix of 100x10
    data <- matrix( rnorm(100*10,mean=0,sd=1), nrow=100, ncol=10)

    # 2) from this input matrix, determine nHex=5*sqrt(nrow(data))=50,
    # but it returns nHex=61, via "sHexGrid(nHex=50)", to make sure a supra-hexagonal grid
    sTopol <- sTopology(data=data, lattice="hexa", shape="suprahex")

    # 3) initialise the codebook matrix using "uniform" method
    sI <- sInitial(data=data, sTopol=sTopol, init="uniform")

    # 4) define trainology at "rough" stage
    sT_rough <- sTrainology(sMap=sI, data=data, algorithm="sequential",
    stage="rough")

    # 5) training at "rough" stage
    sM_rough <- sTrainSeq(sMap=sI, data=data, sTrain=sT_rough)

    # 6) define trainology at "finetune" stage
    sT_finetune <- sTrainology(sMap=sI, data=data, algorithm="sequential",
    stage="finetune")

    # 7) training at "finetune" stage
    sM_finetune <- sTrainSeq(sMap=sM_rough, data=data, sTrain=sT_rough)

[Package supraHex version 1.24.0 Index]