FreeCiv Units

Armor
History:
The first fully armored
car was acquired in 1915 by the United States
Army, at a time when considerable experimentation
had been done by Britain, France and Russia. In
1928 the first armored car unit of the U.S. Army
was organized at Fort Myer, Virginia. Wide experience
with all types of armor in World War II confirmed
the superiority of the full-tracked over the wheeled
fighting vehicle. The result indicates the assignment
to the light tank of the role formerly held by the
armored car. The armored car is still in use as a training
vehicle, well adapted to occupation and internal security
uses. Its position in the combat picture is
fading.
Hint:
Great unit for conducting ground campaigns.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Automobile |
10 |
5 |
3 |
80 |
|
Artillery
History:
Artilery was first used
in 1346 in the famous battle of Crecy, France,
but the recognizion came approx. 400 years later;
after the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) the Austrians
recognized the importance of artillery in modern
warfare, and the Prince Lichtenstein was commissioned
to reorganize it. Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval,a
Frenchman serving with the Austrian artillery,
was stuck with the improvements in effected in Austria.
On his return to France he came up with the idea of
creating a complete system, in both personnel and materiel,
making a seperate provision for field, siege, garrison
and coast artillery. This system was later on used
with brilliant tactical success by Napoleon. Even
in World War I the term "Napoleonic
artillery" went by the strategy board but
one major difference in the tactics were the use
of chemical warfare. In World War II the main
difference was the use of rockets and guided missiles,
notably the German V-2 missile. Modern artillery
is usually referred to as mobile or fixed. Mobile Artillery
includes: Field pieces transported by own wheels,
railway artillery, and the heaviest of siege
guns. Fixed artillery is designed for permanent
emplacement, such as seacoast armament mounted in
harbor defences and certain fixed anti-aircraft
establishments. Notably is the antitank weapons
used to destroy armored motor vehicle and the
Pack artillery designed for use in mountainous or
jungle countries. Artillery is usually transported
by the following means: Towed by tractors or
trucks; hauled in the body of a truck but
unloaded and emplaced for firing; self propelled
(mounted directly on vihicle) or airborne
(transported by aircraft or gliders).
Hint:
Great unit for attacking City Walls.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Robotics |
12 |
2 |
2 |
60 |
|
Battleship
History:
The capital ship of the
navies of the world from about 1860 until 1943.
Battleships were designed to combine large size,
the most powerful guns, the best armor and underwater
protection, fairly high speed and great cruising
radius with general seaworthiness. Before the advent
of aircraft carriers they were the largest
fighting ships afload. the type was superseded as
the capital ship by the Carrier because
the carrier's planes could discharge their bombs
against an enemy at a distance of about 300
nautical miles, as it was done with considerable
effect in the Pacific during World War II. For a
better part of the century Great Britain was pre-eminent
in this field. It completed its first battleship, the
"Warrior", in 1861. Although the
"Warrior" was not at the time
discovered as the first battleship, Great Britain
completed a sister ship called "Black
Prince" and these two ships with the French
"Glorie" and "Couronne" were
the first battleships in the world. "Dreadnought"
was the first all-big-gun battleship, this ship
was also build by Great Britain. After World War
II no nation built or planned to build any new
battleships, but the type had played such an
important role in world history for nearly a
century that interest in it continued. In FreeCiv
battleships cannot carry units.
Hint:
Large visibility range.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Steel |
12 |
12 |
4 |
160 |
|
Bomber
History:
When the
World War I broke out, Zeppelins carried out most
of the German bombing attacks against En gland during
the early years of the war. The contending air forces
had been trained and equipped primarily for observation,
but it quickly became apparent that the airplane
had other military uses. Bombers were of many types
and ranged in size from observation planes to giants
designed especially to carry heavy loads over great
distance. Bombers were generally slower than fighters, but some such
as the German "Gothas" and the British
"Handley Pages", often operat ed at
night. Bombloads varied with the distance of the
target from the aircraft's base. By 1917 the
German "Gothas" were able to bomb
London in daylight; at the very end of the war
the British were just beginning to produce the "Handley
Page V-1500" intended for bombing Berlin.
Hint:
Large visibility range, Ignore
City Walls, only attacked by Fighters, No other
unit can occupy the same square, Airborne for two
turns
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Advanced Flight |
12 |
1 |
8 |
120 |
|
Cannon
History:
Gunpowder
was not used in Europe to discharge projectiles
until the beginning of the 14th century. Cannons
was first used by England in 1339 at the siege of
Cambrai. All early cannon were breechloaders. In
the oldest form the breech consisted of wedges of
wood or metal and this form was succeeded by
cannons with movable breechpiece. The projectiles
first used for cannons were made of stone.
Hint:
A great weapon for offensive war,
especially accompanied by Riflemen for defence.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Metallurgy |
8 |
1 |
1 |
40 |
|
Caravan
History:
A group of
merchants, pilgrims or travelers journeying together,
usually for mutual protection. In India oxen were
employed for transport; in mountainous areas mules,
donkeys and horses were used and in the deserts of
Asia and in north Africa the commonly used animal
was the camel.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Trade |
0 |
0 |
1 |
50 |
|
Carrier
History:
As early as
1910 a U.S. civilian pilot, Eugene Ely, flew a
plane off a specially built platform on the deck
of a cruiser
"Birmingham" at Hampton Roads,
Virginia. In 1911 Ely landed on a platform built
on the quarterdeck of the cruiser
"Pennesylvania", using wires attached
to sandbags on the platform as primitive
arresting gear, and then took off the same ship.
Lt. T.G. Ellyson of the U.S. navy experimented
with a catapult launching device in 1912. Prior
to the start of World War I in 1914, naval opinion
had looked to seaplanes, i.e. planes that could alight
and take off from water, as the type of aircraft
best suited to accompany the fleet to sea. Before
World War II, prevailing opinion held that the battleship wo uld continue
to dominate naval warfare. Although the increasing
power of aircraft tended to enlarge the role of aviation,
carriers were still belived to have a supporting rather
than a principal function in naval tactics.
Carrier aircrafts were used for stressed enemy
air defence, control of the air over enemy fleet,
scouting and to conduct surprice raids on enemy
bases. Carrier aircrafts were developed in three
principal types: Fighters, torpedo
planes and dive bombers.
In fact, by the end of World War II the carrier
had succeeded the battleship
as the dominant type of combatant vessel in the
principal na vies of the world.
Hint:
Large visibility range, can carry
up to eight units of type: Fighter, Bomber and
Nuclear.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Advanced Flight |
1 |
12 |
5 |
160 |
|
Catapult
History:
The
catapult were one of the most important weapon of the
ancient worlds. During the middle ages three principles
were in use: Torsion, tension and counterpoise.
Torsion, is the twisting of heavy cords, generating
the force to hurl spears, arrows or stones. Tension
is the bending of a bow and counterpoise is the simple
use of heavy weights attached to the short end of a
spar, where the long end is being pulled back by winch-drawn
cords until parallel to earth. The usual missile
was a stone held in a sling at the long end of
the arm.
Hint:
Great for attack and defence of
cities but needs protection by other units
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Mathematics |
6 |
1 |
1 |
40 |
|
Cavalry
History:
Formerly an
importent element in the armies of all major powers.
When employed as part of a combined military formation
its main duties included observing and reporting
information about the enemy. They were used for
screening movements of its own force, pursuing
and demoralizing a defeated army and maintaining
a constant threat to an enemy's rear area. During
the latter part of the 19th century, largely as a
result of the
introduction of repeating rifles
and machine guns, cavalry lost much of its former
value. By the time of World War I a cavalry
charge against a line of entrenched troops armed
with repid- firing small arms was simply
suicidal. Cavalry organizations soon abandoned
horses for armored fighting vehicles and became
known as Mechanized
Infantory.
Hint:
Great as raiders and scouts.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Horseback Riding |
2 |
1 |
2 |
20 |
|
Chariot
History:
The two-wheeled chariot
is first attested in Mesopotamia in the early 3th
millennium B.C. The earliest Mesopotamian
chariots were mounted by both spearman and
charioteer, although it is doubtful if fighting
took place from the vehicle itself. Sometimes a single
person was mounted, for it was probably primarily
for speed of personal transport in battle that the
chariot originated. In the Roman circus games
chariot racing took foremost place, and chariotry
became socially important. Racing vehicles in use
were drawn by two, three and four horses,
although as many as ten horses were harnessed on
spectacular occasions and drawn by dogs and even
ostriches are instanced.
Hint:
Great for attacks and scouts.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
The Wheel |
4 |
1 |
2 |
40 |
|
Cruiser
History:
A cruiser is a warship
built for high speed and great cruising radius,
its smaller than a battleship
or Carrier but larger
than a destroyer. In 1881 Great Britain began to
build cruisers and U.S. authorized three cruisers
in 1883 along with several monitors. Shipbuilders
were making increasing use of steel when the
cruisers of the 1880s were begun. An early
development was the armored deck that used steel
and was intended to protect machinery spaces and
magazines against pluging fire. They were named
"protected cruisers". They were followed
by the "armored cruiser" that had armor
belts on both sides, and one or two armored
decks. "Scout cruisers" were usually
smaler and had no armor of any kind. Before 1900
these three types of cruisers were used to prey
on enemy merchant ships, to defend friendly shipping,
or to fight enemy cruisers. The advent of the torpedo
boat destroyer brought need for higher speeds and
greater volume of gunfire if cruisers were to
defend themselves against torpedo attacks.
Another type, the "battle cruiser",
appeared during the early 20th century. It had
big guns of a "dreadnought" battleship
but carried less armor and was capable of higher
speeds.
Hint:
Large visibility
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Combustion |
6 |
6 |
6 |
80 |
|
Diplomat

History:
The Italians were the
first to establish permanent missions, in the
15th century. It is not known when the first
embassy came to existence. It was Venice which had
vast connections in the eastern Mediterranean and was
threatened by the rising power of the Turk after
the fall of Constantinople in 1453. When its
effort to lead an alliance of Christian states
against the infidel failed, Venice used
diplomatic methods at Constantinople, with great
success. Meanwhile Venice had begun to establish permanent
missions in western Europe.New types of monarchies were then
arising as the power of the pope and of the
emperor decliened and new methods of organizing
the central power of the state came into existence.
These monarchies
naturally began to negotiate with one another in
the new way. For some time they regarded it with
great suspicion. Henry VII of England, Ferdinand
of Spain and Louis XI of France considered foreign
agents as little better than spies. The language
of diplomacy was originally latin. In the 17th
century latin was superseeded by French, which
remained the principal diplomatic language until
the 19th century.English was accepted as the
diplomatic language in 1919 at a conference in
Paris, largely because of the influence of the
United States.
Hint:
Can be used as spy, ambassador, tradepartner,
envoy and saboteur.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Writing |
0 |
0 |
2 |
40 |
|
Fighter
History:
The primary mission of
Fighter airplanes is to secure the control of
essential spaces by attacking and destroying all
types of enemy aircraft opera ting in their area.
In the so-called dogfighting aerial combat of
World War I and World War II, pilots could
recognize enemy aircrafts and maneuver themselves
into positions for combat by visual means. They
controlled their machines manually and operated
their guns by pressing the triggers whe n they
were in proper firing position. Today a point has been
reached where the performance capabilities of the machine
far exceed the capabilities of a human pilot to control
it. In supersonic aircraft at extremely high altitudes
the human eyes and human reaction time are neither
acute enough nor quick enough to bring the aircraft
within combat range. The modern fighter airplane
therefore have an almost completely automatic weapon
syst em that will detect, identify and open fire
at enemy aircrafts with very little help from the
pilot in the cockpit. The pilot must rely upon
electr onic devices and his main job is to
monitor the electronic devices, take offs,
landings and perhaps break off combat and return
to safe base.
Hint:
Great as scout and fighting Bombers, need to
return to a safe base at end of turn.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Flight |
4 |
2 |
10 |
60 |
|
Frigate

History:
In ancient
times it was a small, swift, undecked vessel propelled
by oars or sail. The French first applied the term
to a particular type of warship during the second quarter
of the 18th century. The Seven Year' War (1756-63)
marked the definite adoption of the
"frigate" as a standard class of
vessel, comming next to ship in line and were
used for cruising and scouting purposes. They
were three-masted, fully rigged and fast with the main
armament carried on a single deck and additional guns
on the poop and forecastle. "Frigate"
continued in used throughout the period of
transition from sail to Steam
but gradually gave way to the Cruiser In the modern
navy it is a light armored ship used for patrol- and
surveillance duties suchs as fighting and
prevention of submarine attacks.
Hint:
Can carry up to four units.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Magnetism |
2 |
2 |
3 |
40 |
|
Ironclad
History:
By early 1857 the French
experiments with rifled guns led them to conclude
that armor was necessary for their warships and
they stopped building wooden ships. The naval
architect, Stanislas Dupuy de Lome, was in charge of
the ship design for the French navy. He had
devised a method which both England and France
had used in converting sailing ships to
streamers, and he began the first armored warship
in 1858. His first ironclad was named
"Gloire". Her hull was plated from stem
to stern with iron, backed by wood. She was the
first seagoing armor-clad. The british ironclad
"warrior." (see Battleship
for further info) Although "Glorie" was
the first ironclad, more attention have been
payed to the two American ironclads:
"Monitor" and "C.S.S
Virginia" (Merrimack). The battle between
these two warships attracted world-wide attention
as the first duel between ironclads. The
spectacular success of the "Merrimack" on
the previous day, when she rammed and sank the "Cumberland"
and then destroyed another sailing vessel, the
"Congress", by gunfire, served to
convince the general public that the day of the
wooden man-of war was ended.
Hint:
Great for offensive navy war, cannot carry
units.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Steam Engine |
4 |
4 |
4 |
60 |
|
Knights
History:
In feudal times it was
a servent of the king or superior lord. The
origin of the knightly status go back as far as
the foundation of Rome. Romulus (750 bc) is said
to have made the three patricians tribes: Ramnes,
Taties and Luceres who later on formed the basis
of the special order - the "ordo equester"
adapted for cavalry.
During the Saxon
heptarchy, in England, the order of knighthood
was conferred by a priest at the altar, Athelstan (900
ad) being the first king to create a knight.
The crusades increased
the number and ranks of hired knights and altered
and advanced the status of chivalry. The ritual
of knighthood included oaths of fidelity and
honor as well as the gallantry and protection of
women. The act of crusading for the capture of
Jerusalem and the Holy Land introduced a
religious feature that did not before enter the realm
of knighthood's services. Chivalry had become a religious
institution and the crusading knight of the 12th century
was the militant bearer of the cross and
protector of the church.(Knights of the Holy
Sepulchre)
The high moral plane of
action in the knights's life code did not prevent
abuse of power from entering the valorous rank. The
knights Templar, a religious and military order
for the protection of Christians in the Holy
Land, became very wealthy and corrupt. The
efficiency of gunpowder
in rendering armor useless is generally accepted
as the chief cause of the extinction of the order
of knighthood.
In modern England the
title of knights is not hereditary; it ranks
below the lowest hereditary title, that of the
baronet. It is given by the king for a
distinguest service, often in politics, science
or literature.
Hint:
Great as raiders
and scouts.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Chivalry |
4 |
2 |
2 |
40 |
|
Legion
History:
First appered in ancient
Roman armies. Its a body of infantry consisting
of different numbers of men. (3000-6000 men
depending on period of time) The legion was often
complemented by cavalry
and was commanded by six tribunes until the time
of Caesar, who concentrated the command in a
legate.
Hint:
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Iron Working |
2 |
1 |
1 |
20 |

|
Mechanized
Infantry
History:
During an advance, Artillery is pushed
forward to support the infantry and to assist
them in pressing the enemy. But to obtain
decisive results in a pursuit it is necessary to
launch against the enemy a special pursuiting
force, composed of mobile troops. Mechanized
Infantry is of special value with such force, and
it should be handled with the greatest boldness,
risk being accepted which would not be
justifiable at other times.
Hint:
Great at defence of cities.
Hint:
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Labour Union |
6 |
6 |
3 |
50 |
|
Militia
History:
The basic concept of the
militia is that every free man has the right and
duty to bear arms in defence of national freedom.
In the city-states of Greece and in early Rome, youths
were admitted to manhood by qualifying as fighting
men.
Operations against
distant enemies kept the citizen-soldier absent
from his farm or trade for a ruinously long
period - and these operations demanded a higher
level of military competance and specialization than
the acient citizen-soldier could offer - which resulted
in the replacement by long-service professional soldiers.
Hint:
You should at
least leave one militia in each city for
protection
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
None |
1 |
1 |
1 |
10 |
|
Musketeers
History:
Musketeers and pikemen
of the 16th century were drawn up in a phalangial
formation, many ranks in depth, for the purpose
of mutual protection. Reloading was such a slow
process that musketeers of the front rank retired
to the rear for that function and gradually moved
forward until their turn came to fire again.
The original musket(arquebus) evolved during the
third quarter of the 16th century in the Spanish
army, then the foremost military system in
Europe. Infantry tactics led to demand for
heavier firearms than the arquebus. The solution
was an enlarged arquebus name Musket. The Musket,
like the arquebus, was loaded by pouring coarse powder
down the barrel, then ramming home a lead ball and
a wad of rag. A pull of the trigger brought the serpentine,
with its length of burning slow mactch, into contact
with the fine powder in a pan that the musketeer uncovered
by hand. The resulting flash of the powder in the
pan passed through the touchhole and discharged
the piece. Not much accuracy could be expected of
the musket. Reloading was such a complicated
process that two soldiers were assigned to the
clumsy weapon.
Hint:
Great at defending phalanx.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Gunpowder |
2 |
3 |
1 |
30 |
|
Nuclear
History:
The development of
guided missiles, especially of the long-range
ballistic variety, of which the German V-2 in World
War II was the prototype, made the prospect for succesful
active defence appear hopeless. Because a small
load of weapons can be so devastating, distance
to the target no longer has the significance that
it had in World War II, when every extra pound of
fuel meant one less pound of bombs. With
thermonuclear weapons, one of which can
effectively destroy an entire city with all its industry,
the problem of selection of target systems and of
aiming points presents none of the special
difficulties that it did in World War II. There
can be no doubt that the coming of nuclear and
especially of themonuclear weapons established
the dominance of strategic bombardment in any
unrestricted war of the future.
Hint:
Is lost if not in safe carrier or city at end
of turn.
Specifications:
Advance: |
Attack |
Defence |
Move: |
Resource cost |
Rocketry & Nuclear Fission |
99 |
0 |
16 |
160 |
|
Phalanx
History:
Three Greek states are known for their use of
phalanx: Sparta, Thebes and Macedon. Phalanx was perfected by Philip of
Macedon. He increased the length of the spears from 18 feetto 24 feet and
the number of ranks from 12 to 16; and the lines were arranged at such
intervals that the spears of the fifth rank projected three feet in front of
the first, so that the fron was protected by a solid array of five lines of
spears. The men was also armed with large shields which nearly covered the
body. The rush of the phalanx was wellnight irresistible, but it was
unwideldy, and was abandoned because it could not be maneuvered quickly and
failed altogether when fighting became hand to hand. Because of Philip of
Macedon's dependence on the phalanx, Perseus, (the last king of Macedon) was
defeated at Pydna by the Romans in 168 B.C.
Hint:
Great for defence.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Bronze Working |
1 |
2 |
1 |
20 |
|
Riflemen
(Marauders
from RDA)
History:
With the advent during
the 19th century of breechloading repeating
rifles using metallic cartridges the picture changes
completely; riflemen replaced musketeers. The repeating
rifle held sway during World War I and was succeeded
during and after World War II by the semi-automatic
rifle, notable the U.S. army's Garand rifle. In
the 1950 full automatic rifles came into common use.
Hint:
Great at defence.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Conscription |
3 |
5 |
1 |
30 |
|
Sail
(Quiver)
History:
Sheet made
of hemp yarn, cotton or nylon which pieced together
with double hem. Used to catch the wind and move
a boat or ship forward. The edge of large sails
is often strengthened by a rig. The top edge of
square sails (used by ocean-going-ships) is
secured by a yard arm and the front edge of the
staysail is placed in the middle of the ship. The
studding sail is used in calm weather by setting
the studding sail in front of the staysail and thereby
increasing the area of the sail. See upgrade to frigate
for further informations.
Hint:
Great scout and explore of the ocean.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Navigation |
1 |
1 |
3 |
40 |
|
Settlers
History:
Settlers simply represent the demographic transactions among people
round the world.
Hint:
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
None |
0 |
0 |
1 |
40 |
|
Submarine
History:
Between 1620 and 1624
Cornelius Van Drebel, a Dutch investor, built the
first submarine. He successfully maneuvered his
craft during repeated trials in the Thames at
depth from 12 to 15 ft. beneath the surface. It was
during the American War of Independence that a submarine
was first used as an offencive weapon in naval
warfare. In 1776 the "Turtle", a
one-man submarine, built of wood in the shape of
a pear and handoperated by a screw propeller,
tryed to sink a British man-of-war in New York
Harbor. The plan was to have the
"Turtle" make its approach to the ship underwarter,
attach a charge of gunpowder to the ship's bottom
with a screw, and quickly leave the scene before the
charge was exploded by a time fuze. After
repeated failures to force the screw through the
copper sheathing on the hull of
"Eagle", the submarine gave up,
released the charge, and withdrew. The powder
exploded without result, except that the
"Eagle" at once decided to shift to a
berth farther out to sea. Significant progress in
this area had to await two inventions: The
internal combustion engine for surface propulsion
and the electric motor for underwater
propulusion. The all-electric submarine, the
"Nautilus", was invented by the two
Englishmen; Andrew Campbell and James Ash in
1886. Great interest in submarine warfare was obtained
after World War I, mostly because of the great success
of the German U-Boats and the lessons of World War
II brought great changes in submarine
constructions. Torpedoes came to be fired by
hydraulic pressure instead of compressed air,
eliminating any chance of telltale air bubbles
escaping to the surface and betraying the
submarine's location. Hulls were given greater strength
fir deeper diving and radar and sonar equipments
were installed. During World War II, the Germans
had conducted extensive experiments on the type
XXVI U-boat, named the "Walther boat",
driven by a closed system of combustion that
could be operated underwarter by employing liquid
hydroge peroxide rather than air to supply the
oxygen for fuel combustion. The system would
permit greater submerged speed by allowing the
use of more powerful diesel engines while the
submarine was completely submerged. Technical difficulties
prevented this type of submarine from becoming
operational during the war. After the war the German
design was revised and adapted by several navies,
culminating in the development of the British "Explore"
accepted into service in 1956. In 1955 the USS
"Nautilus" made history by getting
underway on nuclear power. Here at last was a
true submarine. The USS "Nautilus"
could maintain submerged speed in excess of 20
knots almost indefinitely, limited only by the
endurance of her crew and her supply provisions. During
the periode from Aug. 1-5, 1958, the USS "Nautilus"
made the first submerged polar transit from Point
Barrow, Alaska, to the Greenland Sea, traveling 1,830
miles under the polar ice cap. Submarines are
still in use and a new aspect, antisubmarine
operations, has been developed.(by Russia)
Hint:
Large visibility.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Mass Production |
8 |
2 |
3 |
50 |
|
Transportation
History:
Transportation has had a profound influence on the currents of
history. No nation has become great that did not give major attention to the
development of transportation. The famous conquerors of history, such as
Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan, succeeded because they effected
superior mobility for their followers and troops, by sea or land, as
cpmpared with the countries that they subdued. After the destruction of the
Roman Empire, in the 5th century, more than 10 centuries were to pass before
there would be another empire, the Spanish! Spanish conquests were extended
thoughout South America and the Caribbean area, parts of North America, and
even into the pacific in the 16th and 17th century. The development of
shipping made these exploration possible. And trade communication between
the mother country and the colonies was established. The empire was destined
to disintegrate, however, perhaps largely because of the failure of Spain to
consolidate her colonies into an effective empire economy and to extend the
benefits of the mother country's civilization to them. -This remained for
Britain to establish. During the 17th and 18th centuries, an empire that not
only equaled but even exceeded that extend and position of the Romans was
established by Britain. Britain emulated the example of Rome. The British
developed and maintained, during 1600 and 1900, the greatest merchant marine
that had ever been known, and supported this merchant marine with the
world's greatest navy, just as Rome had done many centuries before.
Hint:
Great for invasions.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Industrialization |
0 |
3 |
4 |
50 |
|
Trireme
(Roer
Ege)
History:
A large warship used by
the Greeks and other peoples of the ancient
world. The Athenian trireme of the 4th century
B.C. carried about 200 men, and moved 4-5 knots
with the aid of a sail. The trireme, introduced
in the 6th century, fought chiefly by ramming. In
Hellenistic times, the trireme was superseded by
the quinquireme.
Hint:
Have a 50/50 lost rate when not adjacent to
land at end of turn.
Specifications:
Advance |
Attack: |
Defence |
Move |
Resource cost |
Map Making |
1 |
0 |
3 |
40 |
|
|