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<-- Begin file 9 of 11: S (Version 0.4) of
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<-- p. 1264 -->
S.
S (?), the nineteenth letter of the
English alphabet, is a consonanat, and is often called a
sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal
sounds; one a more hissing, as in sack,
this; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of
z), as in is, wise. Besides
these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and
zh, as in sure, measure. It
generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in
the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by
usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle,
d\'82bris. With the letter h it forms the
digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation,
\'c5\'c5 255-261.
Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived
from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the
Ph\'91nician. the ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is
etymologically most nearly related to c, z,
t, and r; as, in ice, OE.
is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E.
rase, raze; erase,
razor; that, G. das; E. reason,
F. raison, L. ratio; E. was,
were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and
R.).
-s. 1. [OE. es, AS.
as.] The suffix used to form the plural of
most words; as in roads, elfs,
sides, accounts.
2. [OE. -s, for older -th,
AS. -\'eb.] The suffix used to form the
third person singular indicative of English verbs; as in the
falls, tells, sends.
3. An adverbial suffix; as in towards,
needs, always, -- originally the genitive,
possesive, ending. See -'s.
-'s [OE. -es, AS. -es.]
The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as,
boy's; man's.
's. A contraction for is or
(colloquially) for has. \'bdMy
heart's subdued.\'b8
Shak.
Sa"adh (?), n.See
Sadh.
Saan (?), n. pl.
(Ethnol.) Same as Bushmen.
Sab`a*dil"la (?), n. [Sp.
cebadilla.] (Bot.) A Mexican
liliaceous plant (Sch\'91nocaulon officinale); also,
its seeds, which contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was formerly
used in medicine as an emetic and purgative.
Sa*b\'91"an (?), a. & n. Same
as Sabianism.
Sa*b\'91"an*ism (?), n. Same as
Sabianism.
{ Sa"b\'91*ism (?), Sa"ba*ism
(?) }, n. See
Sabianism.
Sa"bal (?), n. (Bot.)
A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of the Southern
United States.
Sab"a*oth (s, n. pl. [Heb.
tseb\'be', pl. of ts\'beb\'be', an
army or host, fr. ts\'beb\'be', to go forth to
war.] 1. Armies; hosts. [Used
twice in the English Bible, in the phrase \'bdThe Lord of
Sabaoth.\'b8]
2. Incorrectly, the Sabbath.
Sab"bat (?), n. [See
Sabbath.] In medi\'91val demonology, the
nocturnal assembly in which demons and sorcerers were thought to
celebrate their orgies.
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an (?), n. [L.
Sabbatarius: cf. F. sabbataire. See
Sabbath.] 1. One who regards and
keeps the seventh day of the week as holy, aggreeably to the
letter of the fourth commandment in the Decalogue.
Seventh-day
Baptists, hold it now.
2. A strict observer of the Sabbath.
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, a. Of or pertaining to
the Sabbath, or the tenets of Sabbatarians.
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The
tenets of Sabbatarians.
Bp. Ward. (1673).
Sab"bath (?), n. [OE.
sabat, sabbat, F. sabbat, L.
sabbatum, Gr. shabb\'beth,
fr. sh\'bebath to rest from labor. Cf.
Sabbat.] 1. A season or day of rest;
one day in seven appointed for rest or worship, the observance of
which was enjoined upon the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been
continued by the Christian church with a transference of the day
observed from the last to the first day of the week, which is
called also Lord's Day.
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Ex. xx. 8.
2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites
as one of rest and festival.
Lev. xxv. 4.
3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of
pain, effort, sorrow, or the like.
Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb.
Pope.
Sabbath breaker, one who violates the law of
the Sabbath. -- Sabbath breaking, the
violation of the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath-day's
journey, a distance of about a mile, which, under
Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the
Sabbath.
Syn. -- Sabbath, Sunday.
Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with
Sunday. Sabbath denotes the institution;
Sunday is the name of the first day of the week. The
Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the
Sabbath of most Christians on Sunday. In
New England, the first day of the week has been called
\'bdthe Sabbath,\'b8 to mark it as holy time;
Sunday is the word more commonly used, at present, in
all parts of the United States, as it is in England. \'bdSo if we
will be the children of our heavenly Father, we must be careful
to keep the Christian Sabbathday, which is the
Sunday.\'b8 Homilies.
Sab"bath*less, a. Without Sabbath, or
intermission of labor; hence, without respite or rest.
Bacon.
{ Sab*bat"ic (?), Sab*bat"ic*al
(?) }, a. [Gr. sabbatique.] Of or pertaining to the
Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or bringing an
intermission of labor.
Sabbatical year (Jewish Antiq.),
every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to
suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without
tillage.
Sab"ba*tism (?), n. [L.
sabbatismus, Gr. sabbatisme. See Sabbath.]
Intermission of labor, as upon the Sabbath; rest.
Dr. H. More.
Sab"ba*ton (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
zapaton, a large shoe, F. sabot a wooden
shoe.] A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn
during a part of the sixteenth century in both military and civil
dress.
Sa*be"an (?), a. & n. Same as
Sabian.
Sa"be*ism (?), n. Same as
Sabianism.
\'d8Sa*bel"la (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. sabulum gravel.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of tubiculous annelids having a circle of plumose gills
around head.
Sa*bel"li*an (?), a. Pertaining
to the doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See Sabellian,
n.
Sa*bel"li*an (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A follower of Sabellius, a presbyter
of Ptolemais in the third century, who maintained that there is
but one person in the Godhead, and that the Son and Holy Spirit
are only different powers, operations, or offices of the one God
the Father.
Sa*bel"li*an*ism (?), n.
(Eccl.) The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See
Sabellian, n.
Sa*bel"loid (?), a.
[Sabella + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like, or related to, the genus
Sabella. -- Sa*bel"loid,
n.
{ Sa"ber, Sa"bre } (?),
n. [F. sabre, G. s\'84bel;
of uncertain origin; cf. Hung. sz\'a0blya, Pol.
szabla, Russ. sabla, and L. Gr. A sword with a broad and heavy
blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a
scimiter; a cavalry sword.
Saber fish, Sabre
fish (Zo\'94l.), the cutlass
fish.
{ Sa"ber, Sa"bre }, v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Sabered
(?) or Sabred (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Sabering or Sabring
(.] [Cf. F.
sabrer.] To strike, cut, or kill with a
saber; to cut down, as with a saber.
You send troops to saber and bayonet us into
submission.
Burke.
{ Sa"ber*bill`, Sa"bre*bill` },
n. (Zo\'94l.) The curlew.
Sa"bi*an (?), a. [L.
Sabaeus.] [Written also
Sabean, and Sab\'91anism.]
1. Of or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated
for producing aromatic plants.
2. Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the
worship of the heavenly bodies.
Sa"bi*an, n. An adherent of the Sabian
religion; a worshiper of the heavenly bodies.
[Written also Sab\'91an, and
Sabean.]
Sa"bi*an*ism (?), n. The
doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion; that species of
idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun, moon, and stars;
heliolatry. [Written also
Sab\'91anism.]
\'d8Sab"i*cu (?), n. The very
hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree (Lysilona
Sabicu), valued for shipbuilding.
Sa"bine (?), a. [L.
Sabinus.] Of or pertaining to the ancient
Sabines, a people of Italy. -- n. One
of the Sabine people.
Sab"ine (?), n. [F., fr. L.
Sabina herba, fr. Sabini the Sabines. Cf.
Savin.] (Bot.) See
Savin.
Sa"ble (?), n. [OF.
sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL.
sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan.
sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel,
sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ.
s\'a2bole.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela
zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe,
Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable
fur.
Mustela Americana), but
it differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now
considered only a geographical variety.
2. The fur of the sable.
3. A mouring garment; a funeral robe; -- generally
in the plural. \'bdSables wove by destiny.\'b8
Young.
4. (Her.) The tincture black; --
represented by vertical and horizontal lines each other.
Sa"ble (?), a. Of the color of
the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used chiefly in poetry.
Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne,
In rayless majesty, now stretches forth
Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world.
Young.
Sable antelope (Zo\'94l.), a large
South African antelope (Hippotragus niger). Both sexes
have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the female is
dark chestnut above, white beneath. -- Sable
iron, a superior quality of Russia iron; -- so called
because originally stamped with the figure of a sable. --
Sable mouse (Zo\'94l.), the
lemming.
Sa"ble, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sabling (?).] To render sable
or dark; to drape darkly or in black.
Sabled all in black the shady sky.
G. Fletcher.
\'d8Sa`bot" (?), n. [F.]
1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in
France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries.
2. (Mil.) A thick, circular disk of
wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in
fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached
to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.
\'d8Sa`bo"ti\'8are (?), n.
[F.] A kind of freezer for ices.
Sa"bre (?), n. & v. See
Saber.
\'d8Sa"bre*tasche` (?), n. [F.
sabretache, G. s\'84bel, tasche;
s\'84bel salber + tasche a pocket.]
(Mil.) A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry
at the left side, suspended from the sword belt.
Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci. ).
Sa*bri"na work` (?). A variety of
appliqu\'82 work for quilts, table covers, etc.
Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).
Sab"u*lose (?), a. [L.
sabulosus, from sabulum, sabulo,
sand.] (Bot.) Growing in sandy
places.
Sab`u*los"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being sabulous; sandiness; grittiness.
Sab"u*lous (?), a. [L.
sabulosus.] Sandy; gritty.
Sac (?), n. (Ethnol.)
See Sace.
Sac, n. [See Sake,
Soc.] (O.Eng. Law) The privilege
formerly enjoyed the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying
causes, and imposing fines.
Cowell.
Sac (?), n. [F., fr. L.
saccus a sack. See Sack a bag.]
1. See 2d Sack.
2. (Biol.) A cavity, bag, or receptacle,
usually containing fluid, and either closed, or opening into
another cavity to the exterior; a sack.
Sac"a*lait (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of fresh-water bass; the
crappie. [Southern U.S.]
Sa"car (?), n. See
Saker.
Sac*cade" (?), n. [F.]
(Man.) A sudden, violent check of a horse by
drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one
pull.
Sac"cate (?), a. [NL.
saccatus, fr. L. saccus a sack, bag.]
1. (Biol.) Having the form of a sack or
pouch; furnished with a sack or pouch, as a petal.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Saccata, a suborder of ctenophores having two pouches
into which the long tentacles can be retracted.
Sac"cha*rate (?), n.
(Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharic
acid. (b) In a wider sense, a compound of
saccharose, or any similar carbohydrate, with such bases as the
oxides of calcium, barium, or lead; a sucrate.
Sac*char"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
saccharine substances; specifically, designating an acid
obtained, as a white amorphous gummy mass, by the oxidation of
mannite, glucose, sucrose, etc.
Sac`cha*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
saccharon sugar + -ferous.]
Producing sugar; as, sacchariferous
canes.
Sac*char"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Saccharified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saccharifing
(?).] [L. saccharon sugar +
-fy: cf. F. saccharifier.]
Toconvert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.
Sac`cha*ril"la (?), n. A kind
of muslin.
Sac`cha*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L.
saccharon sugar + -meter: cf. F.
saccharim\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertain the quantity of saccharine matter in any solution, as
the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers' worts.
[Written also saccharometer.]
common saccharimeter of the brewer is
an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of
saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity. The
polarizing saccharimeter of the chemist is a complex
optical apparatus, in which polarized light is transmitted
through the saccharine solution, and the proportion of sugar
indicated by the relative deviation of the plane of
polarization.
Sac`cha*ri*met"ric*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to saccharimetry; obtained
saccharimetry.
<-- p. 1265 -->
Sac`cha*rim"e*try (?), n. The
act, process or method of determining the amount and kind of
sugar present in sirup, molasses, and the like, especially by the
employment of polarizing apparatus.
Sac"cha*rin (?), n. [F., from
L. saccharon sugar.] (Chem.) A
bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the
saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; --
so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane
sugar (saccharose).
Sac"cha*ri*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharinic
acid. (b) A salt of saccharine.
Sac"cha*rine (? , a. [F.
saccharin, fr. L. saccharob sugar, Gr. . Cf. Sugar.]
Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar;
producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste;
saccharine matter.
Sac"cha*rine (? , n.
(Chem.) A trade name for benzoic
sulphinide. [Written also
saccharin.]
<-- A synthetic sweetening agent used (in the form of the sodium
salt) as a non-caloric sweetening agent, to avoid gaining weight
or for medical purposes. Benzoic sulfimide,
C7H5NO3S. -->
Sac"cha*rin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
saccharin; specifically, designating a complex acid not known in
the free state but well known in its salts, which are obtained by
boiling dextrose and levulose (invert sugar) with milk of
lime.
Sac"cha*rize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Saccharized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saccharizing
(?).] To convert into, or to impregnate
with, sugar.
{ Sac"cha*roid (?),
Sac`cha*roid"al (?) }, a.
[L. saccharon sugar + -oid: cf. F.
saccharo\'8bde.] resembling sugar, as in
taste, appearance, consistency, or composition; as,
saccharoidal limestone.
Sac`cha*rom"e*ter (?), n. A
saccharimeter.
\'d8Sac`cha*ro*my"ces (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Biol.) A genus of budding fungi, the various
species of which have the power, to a greater or less extent, or
splitting up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the
active agents in producing fermentation of wine, beer, etc.
Saccharomyces cerevisi\'91 is the yeast of sedimentary
beer. Also called Torula.<-- Brewers'
yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. -->
\'d8Sac`cha*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl.
(Biol.) A family of fungi consisting of the one
genus Saccharomyces.
Sac"cha*ro*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of saccharonic acid.
Sac"cha*rone (?), n.
[Saccharin + lactone,]
(Chem.) (a) A white crystalline
substance, C6H8O6, obtained by the oxidation of
saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid.
(b) An oily liquid, C6H10O2,
obtained by the reduction of saccharin.
Sac`cha*ron"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
saccharone; specifically, designating an unstable acid which is
obtained from saccharone (a) by hydration, and forms a
well-known series of salts.
Sac"cha*rose` (?), n.
(Chem.) Cane sugar; sucrose; also, in general,
any one of the group of which saccharose, or sucrose proper, is
the type. See Sucrose.
Sac"cha*rous (?), a.
Saccharine.
\'d8Sac"cha*rum (?), n. [NL.
See Saccharine.] (Bot.) A genus of
tall tropical grasses including the sugar cane.
Sac`cho*lac"tate (?), n. [See
Saccharolactatic.] (Chem.) A salt
of saccholactactic acid; -- formerly called also
saccholate. [Obs.] See
Mucate.
Sac`cho*lac"tic (?), a. [L.
saccharon sugar + lac, lactis,
milk.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
designating, an acid now called mucic acid;
saccholic. [Obs.]
Sac*chol"ic (?), a.
Saccholatic. [Obs.]
Sac*chul"mate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of sacchulmic acid.
Sac*chul"mic (?), a.
[Saccharine + ulmic.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
acid obtained as a dark amorphous substance by the long-continued
boiling of sucrose with very dilute sulphuric acid. It resembles
humic acid. [Written also
sacculmic.]
Sac*chul"min (?), n.
(Chem.) An amorphous huminlike substance
resembling sacchulmic acid, and produced together with it.
Sac*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
saccus a sack + -ferous.]
(Biol.) Bearing a sac.
Sac"ci*form (?), a. [L.
saccus a sack + -form.]
(Biol.) Having the general form of a sac.
\'d8Sac`co*glos"sa (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. saccus a sack + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Pellibranchiata.
Sac"cu*lar (?), a. Like a sac;
sacciform.
Sac"cu*la`ted (?), a. Furnished
with little sacs.
Sac"cule (?), n. [L.
sacculus, dim. of saccus sack.]
A little sac; specifically, the sacculus of the ear.
Sac`cu*lo-coch"le*ar (?), a.
(Anat.) pertaining to the sacculus and cochlea of
the ear.
Sac`cu*lo-u*tric"u*lar (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the sacculus and utriculus
of the ear.
\'d8Sac"cu*lus (?), n.; pl.
Sacculi (#). [L., little
sack.] (Anat.) A little sac; esp., a part
of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. See the Note under
Ear.
\'d8Sac"cus (?), n.; pl.
Sacci (#). [L., a sack.]
(Biol.) A sac.
Sa*cel"lum (?), n.; pl.
Sacella (#). [L., dim. of
sacrum a sacred place.] (a) (Rom.
Antiq.) An unroofed space consecrated to a
divinity. (b) (Eccl.) A small
monumental chapel in a church.
Shipley.
Sac`er*do"tal (?), a. [L.
sacerdotalis, fr. sacerdos,
-otis, a priest, fr.sacer holy, sacred: cf.
F. sacerdotal.] Of or pertaining to
priests, or to the order of priests; relating to the priesthood;
priesty; as, sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal
functions.
The ascendency of the sacerdotal order was long the
ascendency which naturally and properly belongs to intellectual
superiority.
Macaulay.
Sac`er*do"tal*ism (?), m. The
system, style, spirit, or character, of a priesthood, or
sacerdotal order; devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal
order.
Sac`er*do"tal*ly, adv. In a sacerdotal
manner.
Sach"el (?), n. A small bag.
See Satchel.
Sa"chem (?), n. A chief of a
tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.
Sa"chem*dom (?), n. The
government or jurisdiction of a sachem.
Dr. T. Dwight.
Sa"chem*ship, n. Office or condition of
a sachem.
\'d8Sa`chet" (?), n. [F., dim.
of sac. See Sac.] A scent bag, or
perfume cushion, to be laid among handkerchiefe, garments, etc.,
to perfume them.
Sa*ci"e*ty (?), n.
Satiety. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Sack (?), n. [OE.
seck, F. sec dry (cf. Sp. seco,
It secco), from L. siccus dry, harsh;
perhaps akin to Gr. sikata sand, Ir.
sesc dry, W. hysp. Cf.
Desiccate.] A anme formerly given to various
dry Spanish wines. \'bdSherris sack.\'b8
Shak.
Sack posset, a posset made of sack, and some
other ingredients.
Sack, n. [OE. sak,
sek, AS. sacc, s\'91cc, L.
saccus, Gr. sak; cf. F.
sac from the Latin. Cf. Sac,
Satchel, Sack to plunder.] 1.
A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a
receptacle made of some kind of pliable material, as cloth,
leather, and the like; a large pouch.
2. A measure of varying capacity, according to
local usage and the substance. The American sack of
salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat, two
bushels.
McElrath.
3. [Perhaps a different word.]
Originally, a loosely hanging garnment for women, worn like
a cloak about the shoulders, and serving as a decorative
appendage to the gown; now, an outer garment with sleeves, worn
by women; as, a dressing saek.
[Written also sacque.]
4. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and
extending from top to bottom without a cross seam.
5. (Biol.) See 2d Sac, 2.
<--6. [Colloq.] Bed. -->
Sack bearer (Zo\'94l.). See
Basket worm, under Basket. --
Sack tree (Bot.), an East Indian tree
(Antiaris saccidora) which is cut into lengths, and
made into sacks by turning the bark inside out, and leaving a
slice of the wood for a bottom. -- To give the
sack to get the sack, to
discharge, or be discharged, from employment; to jilt, or be
jilted. [Slang]<-- hit the sack, go to
bed. -->
Sack, v. t. 1. To put in a
sack; to bag; as, to sack corn.
Bolsters sacked in cloth, blue and crimson.
L. Wallace.
2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the
shoulders. [Colloq.]
Sack, n. [F. sac plunder,
pillage, originally, a pack, packet, booty packed up, fr. L.
saccus. See Sack a bag.] the
pillage or plunder, as of a town or city; the storm and plunder
of a town; devastation; ravage.
The town was stormed, and delivered up to sack, --
by which phrase is to be understood the perpetration of all those
outrages which the ruthless code of war allowed, in that age, on
the persons and property of the defenseless inhabitants, without
regard to sex or age.
Prescott.
Sack, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sacking.] [See Sack
pillage.] To plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to
devastate; to ravage.
The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city
sacked by a barbarous enemy.
Addison.
Sack"age (?; 48), n. The act of
taking by storm and pillaging; sack. [R.]
H. Roscoe.
Sack"but (?), n. [F.
saquebute, OF. saqueboute a sackbut.
earlier, a sort of hook attached to the end of a lance used by
foot soldiers to unhorse cavalrymen; prop. meaning, pull and
push; fr. saquier, sachier, to pull, draw
(perhaps originally, to put into a bag or take out from a bag;
see Sack a bag) + bouter to push (see
Butt to thrust). The name was given to the musical
instrument from its being lengthened and shortened.]
(Mus.) A brass wind instrument, like a bass
trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened
according to the tone required; -- said to be the same as the
trombone. [Written also sagbut.]
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
sackbut of the Scriptures is supposed
to have been a stringed instrument.
Sack"cloth` (?; 115), n. Linen
or cotton cloth such a sacks are made of; coarse cloth;
anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress,
mortification, or penitence.
Gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before
Abner.
2 Sam. iii. 31.
Thus with sackcloth I invest my woe.
Sandys.
sack"clothed` (?), a. Clothed
in sackcloth.
Sack"er (?), n. One who sacks;
one who takes part in the storm and pillage of a town.
Sack"ful (?), n.; pl.
Sackfuls (. As much as a sack
will hold.
Sack"ful, a. Bent on plunder.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
Sack"ing, n. [AS. s\'91ccing,
from s\'91cc sack, bag.] Stout, coarse
cloth of which sacks, bags, etc., are made.
Sack"less, a. [AS.
sacle\'a0s; sacu contention +
le\'a0s loose, free from.] Quiet;
peaceable; harmless; innocent. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Sack"-winged` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a peculiar pouch developed near
the front edge of the wing; -- said of certain bats of the genus
Saccopteryx.
Sacque (?), n. [Formed after
the analogy of the French. See 2d Sack.] Same
as 2d Sack, 3.
Sa"cral (?), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sacrum; in the region of the
sacrum.
Sac"ra*ment (?), n. [L.
sacramentum an oath, a sacred thing, a mystery, a
sacrament, fr. sacrare to declare as sacred,
sacer sacred: cf. F. sacrament. See
Sacred.] 1. The oath of allegiance
taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress
an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath.
[Obs.]
I'll take the sacrament on't.
Shak.
2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn
cobenant; a sacred thing; a mystery. [Obs.]
God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . .
. and the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people
through their portion of sorrows.
Jer. Taylor.
3. (Theol.) One of the solemn religious
ordinances enjoined by Christ, the head of the Christian church,
to be observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the
eucharist; the Lord's Supper.
Syn. -- Sacrament, Eucharist.
-- Protestants apply the term sacrament to
baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R.
Cath. and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz.,
confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme
unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow, the word
has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, where
the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in
commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist
denotes the giving of thanks; and this term also has
been applied to the same ordinance, as expressing the grateful
remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death. \'bdSome receive
the sacrament as a means to procure great graces and
blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of
thanksgiving for what they have received.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Sac"ra*ment (?), v. t. To bind
by an oath. [Obs.]
Laud.
Sac`ra*men"tal (?), a. [L.
sacramentalis: cf. F. sacramental,
sacramentel.] 1. Of or pertaining
to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the nature of a sacrament;
sacredly or solemny binding; as, sacramental rites
or elements.
2. Bound by a sacrament.
The sacramental host of God's elect.
Cowper.
Sac`ra*men"tal, n. That which relates to
a sacrament.
Bp. Morton.
Sac`ra*men"tal*ism (?), n. The
doctrine and use of sacraments; attashment of excessive
importance to sacraments.
Sac`ra*men"tal*ist, n. One who holds the
doctrine of the real objective presence of Christ;s body and
blood in the holy eucharist.
Shipley.
Sac`ra*men"tal*ly, adv. In a sacrament
manner.
Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an (?), n.
[LL. sacramentarius: cf. F.
sacramentaire.] 1. (Eccl.)
A name given in the sixteenth century to those German
reformers who rejected both the Roman and the Lutheran doctrine
of the holy eucharist.
2. One who holds extreme opinions regarding the
efficacy of sacraments.
Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, a. 1. Of
or pertaining a sacrament, or to the sacramentals;
sacramental.
2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.
Sac`ra*ment"ta*ry (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining a sacrament or the sacraments;
sacramental.
2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.
Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, n.; pl.
-ries (#). [LL.
sacramentarium: cf. F.
sacramentaire.] 1. An ancient book
of the Roman Catholic Church, written by Pope Gelasius, and
revised, corrected, and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were
contained the rites for Mass, the sacraments, the dedication of
churches, and other ceremonies. There are several ancient books
of the same kind in France and Germany.
2. Same as Sacramentarian, n.,
1.
Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentaries.
Jer. Taylor.
Sac"ra*ment*ize (?), v. i. To
administer the sacraments. [R.]
Both to preach and sacramentize.
Fuller.
\'d8Sa*cra"ri*um (?), n.; pl.
-ria (#). [L., fr.
sacer sacred.] 1. A sort of family
chapel in the houses of the Romans, devoted to a special
divinity.
2. The adytum of a temple.
Gwilt.
3. In a Christian church, the sanctuary.
Sa"crate (?), v. t. [L.
sacratus, p.p. of sacrare. See
Sacred.] To consecrate.
[Obs.]
Sa*cra"tion (?), n.
Consecration. [Obs.]
Sa"cre (?), n. See
Sakker.
Sa"cre, v. t. [F. sacrer. See
Sacred.] To consecrate; to make sacred.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Sa"cred (?), a. [Originally
p.p. of OE. sacren to consecrate, F.
sacrer, fr. L. sacrare, fr.
sacer sacred, holy, cursed. Cf. Consecrate,
Execrate, Saint, Sextion.]
1. Set apart by solemn religious ceremony;
especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious
use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a
sacred place; a sacred day; sacred
service.
2. Relating to religion, or to the services of
religion; not secular; religious; as, sacred
history.
Smit with the love of sacred song.
Milton.
3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction;
possessing the highest title to obedience, honor, reverence, or
veneration; entitled to extreme reverence; venerable.
Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood
Should nothing privilege him.
Shak.
Poet and saint to thee alone were given,
The two most sacred names of earth and heaven.
Cowley.
4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated;
inviolable.
Secrets of marriage still are sacred held.
Dryden.
5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; -- with
to.
A temple, sacred to the queen oflove.
Dryden.
6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil,
vengeance, curse, or the like; accursed; baleful.
[Archaic]
But, to destruction sacred and devote.
Milton.
<-- p. 1266 -->
Society of the Sacred Heart (R.C. Ch.),
a religious order of women, founded in France in 1800, and
approved in 1826. It was introduced into America in 1817. The
members of the order devote themselves to the higher branches of
female education. -- Sacred baboon.
(Zo\'94l.) See Hamadryas. --
Sacred bean (Bot.), a seed of the
Oriental lotus (Nelumbo speciosa or Nelimbium
speciosum), a plant resembling a water lily; also, the
plant itself. See Lotus. -- Sacred
beetle (Zo\'94l.) See Scarab.
-- Sacred canon. See Canon,
n., 3. -- Sacred fish
(Zo\'94l.), any one of fresh-water African fishes
of the family Mormyrid\'91. Several large species
inhabit the Nile and were considered sacred by the ancient
Egyptians; especially Mormyris oxyrhynchus. --
Sacred ibis. See Ibis. --
Sacred monkey. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
Any Asiatic monkey of the genus Semnopitchecus,
regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the entellus.
See Entellus. (b) The sacred baboon.
See Hamadryas. (c) The blunder monkey.
-- Sacred place (Civil Law), the place
where a deceased person is buried.
Syn. -- Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated;
devoted; religious; venerable; reverend.
-- Sa"cred*ly (#), adv.
-- Sa"cred*ness, n.
{ Sacrif"ic (?), Sa*crif"ic*al
(?) }, a. [L.
sacrificus, sacrificalis. See
Sacrifice.] Employed in sacrifice.
[R.]
Johnson.
Sa*crif"ic*a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being offered in sacrifice.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Sa*crif"ic*ant (?), n. [L.
sacrificans, p.pr. See Sacrifice.]
One who offers a sacrifice. [R.]
Sac"ri*fi*ca`tor (?), n.
[L.] A sacrificer; one who offers a
sacrifice. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Sa*crif"ic*to*ry (?), n. [Cf.
F. sacrificatoire.] Offering
sacrifice. [R.]
Sherwood.
Sac"ri*fice (?; 277), n. [OE.
sacrifise, sacrifice, F.
sacrifice, fr. L. sacrificium;
sacer sacer + facere to make. See
Sacred, and Fact.] 1. The
offering of anything to God, or to a god; consecratory
rite.
Great pomp, and sacrifice, and praises loud,
To Dagon.
Milton.
2. Anything consecrated and offered to God, or to a
divinity; an immolated victin, or an offering of any kind, laid
upon an altar, or otherwise presented in the way of religious
thanksgiving, atonement, or conciliation.
Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood
Of human sacrifice.
Milton.
My life, if thou preserv's my life,
Thy sacrifice shall be.
Addison.
3. Destruction or surrender of anything for the
sake of something else; devotion of some desirable object in
behalf of a higher object, or to a claim deemed more pressing;
hence, also, the thing so devoted or given up; as, the
sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to
interest.
4. A sale at a price less than the cost or the
actual value. [Tradesmen's Cant]
Burnt sacrifice. See Burnt
offering, under Burnt. -- Sacrifice
hit (Baseball), in batting, a hit of such a
kind that the batter loses his chance of tallying, but enables
one or more who are on bases to get home or gain a
base.
Sac"ri*fice (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sacrificed
(; p. pr. & vb. n. Sacrificing
(.] [From Sacrifice,
n.: cf. F. sacrifier, L.
sacrificare; sacer sacred, holy +
-ficare (only in comp.) to make. See
-fy.] 1. To make an offering of; to
consecrate or present to a divinity by way of expiation or
propitiation, or as a token acknowledgment or thanksgiving; to
immolate on the altar of God, in order to atone for sin, to
procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to
sacrifice an ox or a sheep.
Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid.
Milton.
2. Hence, to destroy, surrender, or suffer to be
lost, for the sake of obtaining something; to give up in favor of
a higher or more imperative object or duty; to devote, with loss
or suffering.
Condemned to sacrifice his childish years
To babbling ignorance, and to empty fears.
Prior.
The Baronet had sacrificed a large sum . . . for
the sake of . . . making this boy his heir.
G. Eliot.
3. To destroy; to kill.
Johnson.
4. To sell at a price less than the cost or the
actual value. [Tradesmen's Cant]
Sac"ri*fice, v. i. To make offerings to
God, or to a deity, of things consumed on the altar; to offer
sacrifice.
O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen
To that meek man, who well had sacrificed.
Milton.
Sac"ri*fi`cer (?), n. One who
sacrifices.
Sac`ri*fi"cial (?), a. Of or
pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices; consisting in sacrifice;
performing sacrifice. \'bdSacrificial rites.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Sac"ri*lege (?), n. [F.
sacril\'8age, L. sacrilegium, from
sacrilegus that steals, properly, gathers or picks up,
sacred things; sacer sacred + legere to
gather, pick up. See Sacred, and Legend.]
The sin or crime of violating or profaning sacred things;
the alienating to laymen, or to common purposes, what has been
appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses.
And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb
With sacrilege to dig.
Spenser.
Families raised upon the ruins of churches, and enriched with
the spoils of sacrilege.
South.
Sac`ri*le"gious (?), a. [From
sacrilege: cf. L. sacrilegus.]
Violating sacred things; polluted with sacrilege; involving
sacrilege; profane; impious.
Above the reach of sacrilegious hands.
pope.
-- Sac`ri*le"gious*ly, adv. --
Sac`ri*le"gious*ness, n.
Sac"ri*le`gist (?), n. One
guilty of sacrilege.
Sac"ring (?), a. & n. from
Sacre.
Sacring bell. See Sanctus bell,
under Sanctus.
Sa"crist (?), n. [LL.
sacrista. See Sacristan.] A
sacristan; also, a person retained in a cathedral to copy out
music for the choir, and take care of the books.
Sac"ris*tan (?), n. [F.
sacristian, LL. sacrista, fr. L.
sacer. See Sacred, and cf.
Sexton.] An officer of the church who has the
care of the utensils or movables, and of the church in general; a
sexton.
Sac"ris*ty (?), n.; pl.
Sacristies (#). [F.
sacristie, LL. sacristia, fr. L.
sacer. See Sacred.] A apartment in
a church where the sacred utensils, vestments, etc., are kept; a
vestry.
Sa"cro- (. (Anat.) A
combining form denoting connection with, or
relation to, the sacrum, as in
sacro-coccyageal, sacro-iliac,
sacrosciatic.
Sac"ro*sanct (?), a. [L.
sucrosanctus.] Sacred; inviolable.
[R.]
Dr. H. More.
Sa`cro*sci*at"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the sacrum and
the hip; as, the sacrosciatic formina formed by the
sacrosciatic ligaments which connect the sacrum and hip
bone.
Sa`cro*ver"te*bral (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sacrum and that
part of the vertebral column immediately anterior to it; as,
the sacrovertebral angle.
\'d8sa"crum (?), n.; pl.
sacra (. [NL., fr. L.
sacer sacred, os sacrum the lowest bone of the
spine.] (Anat.) That part of the vertebral
column which is directly connected with, or forms a part of, the
pelvis.
Sacs (?), n. pl.; sing.
Sac (. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians, which, together with the Foxes, formerly
occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin.
[Written also Sauks.]
Sad (?), a.
[Compar. Sadder (?);
supperl. Saddest.] [OE.
sad sated, tired, satisfied, firm, steadfast, AS.
s\'91d satisfied, sated; akin to D. zat,
OS. sad, G. tt, OHG. sat,
sa, saddr, Goth. saps, Lith.
sotus, L. sat, satis, enough,
satur sated, Gr. Assets, Sate, Satiate, Satisfy
Satire.] 1. Sated; satisfied; weary;
tired. [Obs.]
Yet of that art they can not waxen sad,
For unto them it is a bitter sweet.
Chaucer.
2. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.
[Obs., except in a few phrases; as, sad
bread.]
His hand, more sad than lump of lead.
Spenser.
Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.
Mortimer.
3. Dull; grave; dark; somber; -- said of
colors. \'bdSad-colored clothes.\'b8
Walton.
Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of
all sad colors.
Mortimer.
4. Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or
frivolous. [Obs.] \'bdRipe and sad
courage.\'b8
Bacon.
Which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete
counsel of both parties.
Ld. Berners.
5. Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down
with affliction; downcast; gloomy; mournful.
First were we sad, fearing you would not come;
Now sadder, that you come so unprovided.
Shak.
The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad.
Milton.
6. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as,
a sad accident; a sad misfortune.
7. Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked.
[Colloq.] \'bdSad tipsy fellows, both of
them.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Sad is sometimes used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, sad-colored,
sad-eyed, sad-hearted,
sad-looking, and the like.
Sad bread, heavy bread. [Scot. & Local,
U.S.]
Bartlett.
Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed;
cheerless; downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous;
afflictive; calamitous.
Sad, v. t. To make sorrowful; to
sadden. [Obs.]
How it sadded the minister's spirits!
H. Peters.
\'d8Sad"da (?), n. [Per.
sad-dar the hundred gates or ways; sad a
hundred + dar door, way.] A work in the
Persian tongue, being a summary of the Zend-Avesta, or sacred
books.
Sad"den (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Saddened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Saddening.] To make sad.
Specifically: (a) To render heavy or
cohesive. [Obs.]
Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great
prejudice it doth to clay lands.
Mortimer.
(b) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth.
(c) To make grave or serious; to make melancholy or
sorrowful.
Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene.
Pope.
Sad"den, v. i. To become, or be made,
sad.
Tennyson.
Sad"der (?), n. Same as
Sadda.
Sad"dle (?), n. [OE.
sadel, AS. sadol; akin to D.
zadel, G. sattel, OHG. satal,
satul, Icel. s\'94, Dan. & Sw.
sadel; cf. Russ. siedlo; all perh.
ultimately from the root of E. sit.] 1.
A seat for a rider, -- usually made of leather, padded to
span comfortably a horse's back, furnished with stirrups for the
rider's feet to rest in, and fastened in place with a girth;
also, a seat for the rider on a bicycle or tricycle.
2. A padded part of a harness which is worn on a
horse's back, being fastened in place with a girth. It serves
various purposes, as to keep the breeching in place, carry guides
for the reins, etc.
3. A piece of meat containing a part of the
backbone of an animal with the ribs on each side; as, a
saddle of mutton, of venison, etc.
4. (Naut.) A block of wood, usually
fastened to some spar, and shaped to receive the end of another
spar.
5. (Mach.) A part, as a flange, which is
hollowed out to fit upon a convex surface and serve as a means of
attachment or support.
6. (Zo\'94l.) The clitellus of an
earthworm.
7. (Arch.) The threshold of a door, when
a separate piece from the floor or landing; -- so called because
it spans and covers the joint between two floors.
Saddle bar (Arch.), one the small
iron bars to which the lead panels of a glazed window are
secured. Oxf. Gloss. -- Saddle gall
(Far.), a sore or gall upon a horse's back, made
by the saddle. -- Saddle girth, a band
passing round the body of a horse to hold the saddle in its
place. -- saddle horse, a horse suitable or
trained for riding with a saddle. -- Saddle
joint, in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by
bending up the edge of a sheet and folding it downward over the
turned-up edge of the next sheet. -- Saddle roof
(Arch.), a roof having two gables and one ridge;
-- said of such a roof when used in places where a different form
is more common; as, a tower surmounted by a saddle
roof. Called also saddleback
roof. -- Saddle shell
(Zo\'94l.), any thin plicated bivalve shaell of
the genera Placuna and Anomia; -- so called
from its shape. Called also saddle
oyster.
Sad"dle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Saddled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saddling
(?).] [AS. sadelian.]
1. To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for
riding. \'bdsaddle my horse.\'b8
Shak.
Abraham rose up early saddled his ass.
Gen. xxii. 3.
2. Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to
load; to encumber; as, to saddle a town with the
expense of bridges and highways.
Sad"dle*back` (?), a. Same as
Saddle-backed.
Saddleback roof. (Arch.) See
Saddle roof, under Saddle.
Sad"dle*back`, n. 1. Anything
saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge having a concave outline at
the top.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The harp
seal. (b) The great blackbacked gull
(Larus marinus). (c) The larva of
a bombycid moth (Empretia stimulea) which has a large,
bright green, saddle-shaped patch of color on the back.
Sad"dle-backed` (?), a. 1.
Having the outline of the upper part concave like the seat
of a saddle.
2. Having a low back and high neck, as a
horse.
Sad"dle*bags (?), n. pl. Bags,
usually of leather, united by straps or a band, formerly much
used by horseback riders to carry small articles, one bag hanging
on each side.
Sad"dle*bow` (?), n. [AS.
sadelboga.] The bow or arch in the front
part of a saddle, or the pieces which form the front.
Sad"dle*cloth` (?; 115), n. A
cloth under a saddle, and extending out behind; a housing.
Sad"dled (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a broad patch of color across
the back, like a saddle; saddle-backed.
Sad"dler (?), n. .One who makes
saddles.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A harp seal.
Sad"dler*y (?), n. 1.
The materials for making saddles and harnesses; the articles
usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop.
2. The trade or employment of a saddler.
Sad"dle-shaped` (?), a. Shaped
like a saddle. Specifically: (a) (Bot.)
Bent down at the sides so as to give the upper part a
rounded form.
Henslow.
(b) (Geol.) Bent on each side of a
mountain or ridge, without being broken at top; -- said of
strata.
Sad"dle*tree` (?), n. The frame
of a saddle.
For saddletree scarce reached had he,
His journey to begin.
Cowper.
Sad`du*ca"ic (?; 135), a.
Pertaining to, or like, the Sadducees; as,
Sadducaic reasonings.
Sad"du*cee (?), n. [L.
Sadducaei, p., Gr. Tsadd; -- so called from
Ts\'bed, the founder of the sect.]
One of a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the
resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels.
-- Sad`du*ce"an (#),
a.
{ Sad"du*cee`ism (?), Sad"du*cism
(?) }, n. The tenets of the
Sadducees.
Sad"du*cize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Sadducized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sadducizing
(?).] To adopt the principles of the
Sadducees.
Atterbury.
Sadh (?), n. [Skr.
s\'bedhu perfect, pure.] A member of a
monotheistic sect of Hindoos. Sadhs resemble the Quakers in many
respects.
Balfour (cyc. of India).
Sad"i`ron (?), n. [Probably
sad heavy + iron.] An iron for
smoothing clothes; a flatiron.
Sad"ly, adv. 1. Wearily;
heavily; firmly. [Obs.]
In go the spears full sadly in arest.
Chaucer.
2. Seriously; soberly; gravely.
[Obs.]
To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame
Or our neglect, we lost her as we came.
Milton.
3. Grievously; deeply; sorrowfully;
miserably. \'bdHe sadly suffers in their
grief.\'b8
Dryden.
Sad"ness, n. 1. Heaviness;
firmness. [Obs.]
2. Seriousness; gravity; discretion.
[Obs.]
Her sadness and her benignity.
Chaucer.
3. Quality of being sad, or unhappy; gloominess;
sorrowfulness; dejection.
Dim sadness did not spare
That time celestial visages.
Milton.
Syn. -- Sorrow; heaviness; dejection. See
Grief.
\'d8Sadr (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus Ziziphus (Z.
lotus); -- so called by the Arabs of Barbary, who use its
berries for food. See Lotus (b).
\'d8Saeng"er*fest (?), n. [G.
s\'84ngerfest.] A festival of singers; a
German singing festival.
<-- p. 1267 -->
Safe (?), a.
[Compar. Safer (?);
superl. Safest.] [OE.
sauf, F. sauf, fr. L. salvus,
akin to salus health, welfare,
safety. Cf. Salute,
Salvation, Sage a plant, Save,
Salvo an exception.] 1. Free from
harm, injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened by danger or
injury; unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; as, safe
from disease; safe from storms; safe from
foes. \'bdAnd ye dwelled safe.\'b8
1 Sam. xii. 11.
They escaped all safe all safe to
land.
Acts xxvii. 44.
Established in a safe, unenvied throne.
Milton.
2. Conferring safety; securing from harm; not
exposing to danger; confining securely; to be relied upon; not
dangerous; as, a safe harbor; a safe
bridge, etc. \'bdThe man of safe
discretion.\'b8
Shak.
The King of heaven hath doomed
This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat.
Milton.
3. Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in
secure care or custody; as, the prisoner is
safe.
But Banquo's safe?
Ay, my good lord, safe in a ditch he bides.
Shak.
Safe hit (Baseball), a hit which
enables the batter to get to first base even if no error is made
by the other side.<-- safe house, a residence where a
person in hiding from the authorities or other persons may stay
without being discovered. -->
Syn. -- Secure; unendangered; sure.
Safe (?), n. A place for
keeping things in safety. Specifically: (a) A
strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of steel,
etc., or a closet or vault of brickwork) for money, valuable
papers, or the like. (b) A ventilated or
refrigerated chest or closet for securing provisions from noxious
animals or insects.
Safe, v. t. To render safe; to make
right. [Obs.]
Shak.
Safe"-con"duct (?), n.
[Safe + conduct: cf. F.
sauf-conduit.] That which gives a safe,
passage; either (a) a convoy or guard to
protect a person in an enemy's country or a foreign
country, or (b) a writing, pass, or warrant
of security, given to a person to enable him to travel with
safety.
Shak.
Safe`-con*duct" (?), v. t. To
conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to.
[POetic]
He him by all the bonds of love besought
To safe-conduct his love.
Spenser.
Safe"quard` (?), n. [Safe =
quard: cf. F. sauvegarde.]
1. One who, or that which, defends or protects;
defense; protection.
Shak.
Thy sword, the safequard of thy brother's
throne.
Granwille.
2. A convoy or quard to protect a traveler or
property.
3. A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct.
Shak.
Safe"quard`, v. t. To quard; to
protect.
Shak.
Safe"-keep"ing (?), n.
[Safe + keep.] The act of
keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape; care;
custody.
Safe"ly, adv. In a safe manner; danger,
injury, loss, or evil consequences.
Safe"ness, n. The quality or state of
being safe; freedom from hazard, danger, harm, or loss; safety;
security; as the safeness of an experiment, of a
journey, or of a possession.
Safe"-pledge" (?), n.
(Law) A surety for the appearance of a person at
a given time.
Bracton.
Safe"ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
sauvet\'82.] 1. The condition or
state of being safe; freedom from danger or hazard; exemption
from hurt, injury, or loss.
Up led by thee,
Into the heaven I have presumed,
An earthly guest . . . With like safety guided down,
Return me to my native element.
Milton.
2. Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or
from libility to cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the
quality of making safe or secure, or of giving confidence,
justifying trust, insuring against harm or loss, etc.
Would there were any safety in thy sex,
That I might put a thousand sorrows off.
Beau. & Fl.
3. Preservation from escape; close custody.
Imprison him, . . .
Deliver him to safety; and return.
Shak.
4. (Football) Same as Safety
touchdown, below.
Safety arch (Arch.), a discharging
arch. See under Discharge, v. t. --
Safety belt, a belt made of some buoyant material,
or which is capable of being inflated, so as to enable a person
to float in water; a life preserver. -- Safety
buoy, a buoy to enable a person to float in water; a
safety belt. -- Safety cage (Mach.),
a cage for an elevator or mine lift, having appliances to
prevent it from dropping if the lifting rope should break.
-- Safety lamp. (Mining) See under
Lamp. -- Safety match, a match which
can be ignited only on a surface specially prepared for the
purpose. -- Safety pin, a pin made in the
form of a clasp, with a guard covering its point so that it will
not prick the wearer. -- safety plug. See
Fusible plug, under Fusible. --
Safety switch. See Switch. --
Safety touchdown (Football), the act or
result of a player's touching to the ground behind his own goal
line a ball which received its last impulse from a man on his own
side; -- distinguished from touchback. See
Touchdown.<-- also called safety. --> --
Safety tube (Chem.), a tube to prevent
explosion, or to control delivery of gases by an automatic
valvular connection with the outer air; especially, a bent funnel
tube with bulbs for adding those reagents which produce
unpleasant fumes or violent effervescence. -- Safety
valve, a valve which is held shut by a spring or weight
and opens automatically to permit the escape of steam, or
confined gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or other vessel, when
the pressure becomes too great for safety; also, sometimes, a
similar valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which
the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, to prevent
collapse.
Saf"flow (?), n. (Bot.)
The safflower. [Obs.]
Saf"flow`er (?), n. [F.
safeur, safior, for safran,
influenced by fleur flower. See Saffron, and
Flower.] 1. (Bot.) An
annual composite plant (Carthamus tinctorius), the
flowers of which are used as a dyestuff and in making rouge;
bastard, or false, saffron.
2. The died flowers of the Carthamus
tinctorius.
3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See
Safranin (b).
Oil of safflower, a purgative oil expressed
from the seeds of the safflower.
Saf"fron (?; 277), n. [OE.
saffran, F. safran; cf. It.
zafferano, Sp. azafran, Pg.
a; all fr. Ar. & Per. za'
far\'ben.] 1. (Bot.) A
bulbous iridaceous plant (Crocus sativus) having blue
flowers with large yellow stigmas. See Crocus.
2. The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually
with part of the stile, of the Crocus sativus. Saffron
is used in cookery, and in coloring confectionery, liquors,
varnishes, etc., and was formerly much used in medicine.
3. An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the
stigmas of the Crocus sativus.
Bastard saffron, Dyer's
saffron. (Bot.) See
Safflower. -- Meadow saffron
(Bot.), a bulbous plant (Colchichum
autumnate) of Europe, resembling saffron. --
Saffron wood (Bot.), the yellowish wood
of a South African tree (El\'91odendron croceum);
also, the tree itself. -- Saffron yellow, a
shade of yellow like that obtained from the stigmas of the true
saffron (Crocus sativus).
Saf"fron (?; 277), a. Having
the color of the stigmas of saffron flowers; deep orange-yellow;
as, a saffron face; a saffron
streamer.
Saf"fron, v. t. To give color and flavor
to, as by means of saffron; to spice. [Obs.]
And in Latyn I speak a wordes few,
To saffron with my predication.
Chaucer.
Saf"fron*y (?), a. Having a
color somewhat like saffron; yellowish.
Lord (1630).
Saf"ra*nin (?), n.
(Chem.) (a) An orange-red dyestuff
extracted from the saffron. [R.] (b)
A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and formerly
used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet; -- called
also Spanish red, China
lake, and carthamin.
(c) An orange-red dyestuff prepared from certain
nitro compounds of creosol, and used as a substitute for the
safflower dye.
Saf"ra*nine (? , n. [So
called because used as a substitute for safranin.]
(Chem.) An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff
produced artificailly by oxidizing certain aniline derivatives,
and used in dyeing silk and wool; also, any one of the series of
which safranine proper is the type.
Sag (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Sagged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sagging (?).] [Akin
to Sw. sacka to settle, sink down,
LG.sacken, D. zakken. Cf. Sink,
v. i.] 1. To sink, in the middle,
by its weight or under applied pressure, below a horizontal line
or plane; as, a line or cable supported by its ends
sags, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room
sags; hence, to lean, give way, or settle from a
vertical position; as, a building may sag one way or
another; a door sags on its hinges.
2. Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink;
to droop; to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits,
under the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be
unsettled or unbalanced. [R.]
the mind I sway by, and the heart I bear,
Shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear.
Shak.
3. To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or
droop heavily.
To sag to leeward (Naut.), to make
much leeway by reason of the wind, sea, or current; to drift to
leeward; -- said of a vessel.
Totten.
Sag, v. t. To cause to bend or give way;
to load.
Sag, n. State of sinking or bending;
sagging.
Sa"ga (?), n.; pl.
Sagas (#). [Icel., akin to E.
saw a saying. See Say, and cf.
Saw.] A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or
mythic tradition, among the Norsemen and kindred people; a
northern European popular historical or religious tale of olden
time.
And then the blue-eyed Norseman told
A saga of the days of old.
Longfellow.
Sa*ga"cious (?), a. [L.
sagax, sagacis, akin to sagire
to perceive quickly or keenly, and probably to E.
seek. See Seek, and cf.
Presage.] 1. Of quick sense
perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in following a trail.
Sagacious of his quarry from so far.
Milton.
2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of
keen penetration and judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing;
far-sighted; shrewd; sage; wise; as, a sagacious
man; a sagacious remark.
Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious
above our apprehension.
Dr. H. More.
Only sagacious heads light on these observations,
and reduce them into general propositions.
Locke.
Syn. -- See Shrewd.
-- Sa*ga"cious*ly, adv. --
Sa-ga"cious*ness, n.
Sa*gac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
sagacitas. See Sagacious.] The
quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense
perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with
soundness of judgment; shrewdness.
Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell.
Cowper.
Natural sagacity improved by generous
education.
V. Knox.
Syn. -- Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness.
-- Sagacity, Penetration.
Penetration enables us to enter into the depths of an
abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc.
Sagacity adds to penetration a keen, practical
judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of
others, and to turn everything to the best possible
advantage.
Sag"a*more (?), n. 1.
[Cf. Sachem.] The head of a tribe among
the American Indians; a chief; -- generally used as synonymous
with sachem, but some writters distinguished between
them, making the sachem a chief of the first rank, and
a sagamore one of the second rank. \'bdBe it
sagamore, sachem, or powwow.\'b8
Longfellow.
2. A juice used in medicine.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Sag"a*pen (?), n.
Sagapenum.
\'d8Sag`a*pe"num (?), n. [L.
sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. sagapin, gomme sagapin, sagap\'82num, Ar.
sikb\'c6naj, Per. sakb\'c6nah,
sikb\'c6nah.] (Med.) A fetid gum
resin obtained from a species of Ferula. It has been
used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with.
U. S. Disp.
Sag"*thy (?), n. [F.
sagatis: cf. Sp. sagat\'a1,
saet\'a1.] A mixed woven fabric of silk and
cotton; or silk and wool; sayette; also, a light woolen
fabric.
Sage (?), n. [OE.
sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from
salvus saved, in allusion to its reputed healing
virtues. See Safe.] (Bot.) (a)
A suffriticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis)
with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc.
The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many
species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and
Mexican red and blue sage. (b) The
sagebrush.
Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered
species of salvia (S. pratensis) growing in meadows in
Europe. -- Sage cheese, cheese flavored with
sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spanish and
other plants which are added to the milk. -- Sage
cock (Zo\'94l.), the male of the sage
grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage
grouse. -- Sage green, of a dull grayish
green color, like the leaves of garden sage. -- Sage
grouse (Zo\'94l.), a very large American
grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), native of the dry
sagebrush plains of Western North America. Called also
cock of the plains. The male is called
sage cock, and the female sage
hen. -- Sage hare, Sage
rabbit (Zo\'94l.), a species of hare
(Lepus Nuttalli, ) which inhabits the
regions of Western North America and lives among sagebrush. By
recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of the
common cottontail, or wood rabbit. -- Sage hen
(Zo\'94l.), the female of the sage grouse. Sage
sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a small sparrow
(Amphispiza Belli, var Nevadensis) which
inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living
among sagebrush. -- Sage thrasher
(Zo\'94l.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes
montanus) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western
North America. -- Sage willow (Bot.),
a species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a low
bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.
Sage (?), a.
[Compar. Sager (?);
superl. Sagest.] [F., fr. L.
sapius (only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr.
sapere to be wise; perhaps akin to E. sap.
Cf. Savor, Sapient, Insipid.]
1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging;
prudent; grave; sagacious.
All you sage counselors, hence!
Shak.
2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd;
well adapted to the purpose.
Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of
sage advice, counseled the general to retreat.
Milton.
3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.]
\'bd[Great bards.] in sage and solemn tunes have
sung.\'b8 Milton.
<-- the "great bards" was moved inside the quote for consistency.
-->
Syn. -- Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent;
judicious.
Sage, n. A wise man; a man of gravity
and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound
judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher.
At his birth a star,
Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come,
And guides the Eastern sages.
Milton.
Sage"brush` (?), n. A low
irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of the order
Composit\'91, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline
regions of the American plains; -- called also
sagebush, and wild
sage.
Sage"ly, adv. In a sage manner;
wisely.
Sa*gene" (?), n. [Russ.
sajene.] A Russian measure of length equal
to about seven English feet.
Sage"ness (?), n. The quality
or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence;
gravity.
Ascham.
Sag"e*nite (?), n. [F.
sag\'82nite, fr. L. sagena a large net. See
Saine.] (Min.) Acicular rutile
occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in quartz.
Sag`e*nit"ic (?), a.
(Min.) Resembling sagenite; -- applied to quartz
when containing acicular crystals of other minerals, most
commonly rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.
Sag"ger (?), n. [See
Segger.] 1. A pot or case of fire
clay, in which fine stoneware is inclosed while baking in the
kiln; a segga.
2. The clay of which such pots or cases are
made.
Sag"ging (?), n. A bending or
sinking between the ends of a thing, in consequence of its own,
or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in the middle, as of a
ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.
Sag"i*nate (?), v. t. [L.
saginatus, p.p. of saginare to fat, fr.
sagina stuffing.] To make fat; to
pamper. [R.] \'bdMany a saginated
boar.\'b8
Cowper.
Sag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
saginatio.] The act of fettening or
pampering. [R.]
Topsell.
\'d8Sa*git"ta (?), n. [L., an
arrow.] 1. (Astron.) A small
constellation north of Aquila; the Arrow.
2. (Arch.) The keystone of an
arch. [R.]
gwitt.
3. (Geom.) The distance from a point in
a curve to the chord; also, the versed sine of an arc; -- so
called from its resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and
string. [Obs.]
4. (Anat.) The larger of the two
otoliths, or ear bones, found in most fishes.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of transparent,
free-swimming marine worms having lateral and caudal fins, and
capable of swimming rapidly. It is the type of the class
Ch\'91tognatha.
<-- p. 1268 -->
Sag"it*tal (?), a. [L.
sagitta an arrow: cf. F. saguttal.]
1. Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an
arrow; furnished with an arowlike appendage.
2. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining
to the sagittal suture; in the region of the sagittal suture;
rabdoidal; as, the sagittal furrow, or groove, on
the inner surface of the roof of the skull.
(b) In the mesial plane; as, a
sagittal section of an animal.
Sagittal suture (Anat.), the suture
between the two parietal bones in the top of the skull; -- called
also rabdoidal suture, and
interparietal suture.
\'d8Sag`it*ta"ri*us (?), n.
[L., literally, an archer, fr. sagittarius
belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.]
(Astron.) (a) The ninth of the twelve
signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about November 22,
marked thus [
(b) A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps
and globes as a centaur shooting an arrow.
Sag"it*ta"ry (?), n. [See
Sagittarius.] 1. (Myth.)
A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed
with a bow and quiver.
Shak.
2. The Arsenal in Venice; -- so called from having
a figure of an archer over the door.
Shak.
Sag"it*ta*ry, a. [L.
sagittarius.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
an arrow.
Sir T. Browne.
Sag"it*tate (?), a. [NL.
sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an arrow.]
Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal
angles prolonged downward.
Sag"it*ta`ted (?), a. Sagittal;
sagittate.
Sag"it*to*cyst (?), n. [See
Sagitta, and Cyst.] (Zo\'94l.)
A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which
may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain
Turbellaria.
Sa"go (?), n. [Malay.
s.] A dry granulated starch
imported from the East Indies, much used for making puddings and
as an article of diet for the sick; also, as starch, for
stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from the stems of
several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly from the
Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous plants
(Cycas revoluta, Zamia integrifolia,
atc.).
Portland sago, a kind of sago prepared from
the corms of the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). --
Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm
tree which yields sago. (b) A species of Cycas
(Cycas revoluta). -- Sago spleen
(Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen, produced
by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section
shows scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of
sago.
Sa*goin" (?), n. [F.
sagouin(formed from the native South American
name).] (Zo\'94l.) A marmoset; -- called
also sagouin.
\'d8Sa"gum (?), n.; pl.
Saga (#). [L. sagum,
sagus; cf. Gr. Say a kind of
serge.] (Rom. Antiq.) The military cloak of
the Roman soldiers.
\'d8sa"gus (?), n. [NL. See
Sago.] (Bot.) A genus of palms
from which sago is obtained.
Sa"gy (?), a. Full of sage;
seasoned with sage.
\'d8Sa"hib (?), \'d8sa"heb
(, n. [Ar.
master, lord, fem.
A respectful title or appelation
given to Europeans of rank. [India]
\'d8Sa"hi*bah (?), n. [See
Sahib.] A lady; mistress.
[India]
Sa*hib"ic (?), a. Same as
Thebaic.
Sah"lite (?), n. (Min.)
See Salite.
\'d8Sa*hui" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A marmoset.
\'d8Sa"i (?), n. [Cf. Pg.
sahi.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Capuchin, 3 (a).
\'d8Sai"bling (?), n. [Dial.
G.] (Zo\'94l.) A European mountain trout
(Salvelinus alpinus); -- called also Bavarian
charr.
Sa"ic (?), n. [F.
sa\'8bque, turk. sha\'8bka.]
(Naut.) A kind of ketch very common in the
Levant, which has neither topgallant sail nor mizzen
topsail.
Said (?), imp. & p. p. of
Say.
Said, a. before-mentioned; already
spoken of or specified; aforesaid; -- used chiefly in legal
style.
\'d8Sai"ga (?), n. [Russ.
saika.] (Zo\'94l.) An antelope
(Saiga Tartarica) native of the plains of Siberia and
Eastern Russia. The male has erect annulated horns, and tufts of
long hair beneath the eyes and ears.
Sai"kyr (?), n. (Mil.)
Same as Saker. [Obs.]
Sail (?), n. [OE.
seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to
D. zeil, OHG. segal, G. & Sw.
segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil.
1. An extent of canvas or other
fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power
for propelling vessels through the water.
Behoves him now both sail and oar.
Milton.
2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a
sail.
3. A wing; a van. [Poetic]
Like an eagle soaring
To weather his broad sails.
Spenser.
4. the extended surface of the arm of a
windmill.
5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a
craft.
sail were in sight.
6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or
excursion upon the water.
fore-and-aft
sails, and square sails. Square sails are always
bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the
vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their
foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail is triangular, or
quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech.
Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily square. See
Phrases under Fore, a., and Square,
a.; also, Bark, Brig,
Schooner, Ship, Stay.
Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for
hoisting sails aloft for bending. -- Sail fluke
(Zo\'94l.), the whiff. -- Sail
hook, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the
seams square. -- Sail loft, a loft or room
where sails are cut out and made. -- Sail room
(Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are stowed
when not in use. -- Sail yard (Naut.),
the yard or spar on which a sail is extended. --
Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a
triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a
boat's mast. -- To crowd sail. (Naut.)
See under Crowd. -- To loose sails
(Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails. --
To make sail (Naut.), to extend an
additional quantity of sail. -- To set a sail
(Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the
wind. -- To set sail (Naut.), to
unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage. --
To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the
extent of sail, or take in a part. -- To strike
sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly,
as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge
inferiority; to abate pretension. -- Under sail,
having the sails spread.
Sail (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Sailed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Sailing.]
[AS. segelian, seglian. See
Sail, n.] 1. To be
impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a
ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of
steam or other power.
2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a
fish or a water fowl.
3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by
water; as, they sailed from London to
Canton.
4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.
5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide
through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird.
As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . .
When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds,
And sails upon the bosom of the air.
Shak.
Sail, v. t. 1. To pass or move
upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey
upon(the water) by means of steam or other force.
A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea.
Dryden.
2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly
through.
Sublime she sails
The a\'89rial space, and mounts the winged gales.
Pope.
3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel;
as, to sail one's own ship.
Totten.
Sail"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being sailed over; navigable; as, a sailable
river.
Sail"boat`, n. A boat propelled by a
sail or sails.
Sail"cloth` (?), n. Duck or
canvas used in making sails.
Sail"er (?), n. 1. A
sailor. [R.]
Sir P. Sidney.
2. A ship or other vessel; -- with qualifying words
descriptive of speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy
sailer; a fast sailer.
Sail"fish (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The banner fish, or
spikefish (Histiophorus.) (b) The
basking, or liver, shark. (c) The
quillback.
<-- Illust. of Sailfish (Histiophorus Americanus) -->
Sail"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a
vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of starting
on a voyage.
2. (Naut.) The art of managing a vessel;
seamanship; navigation; as, globular sailing;
oblique sailing.
Circular, Globular, Oblique,
Parallel, etc.
Sailing master (U. S. Navy),
formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next below a lieutenant,
whose duties were to navigate the vessel; and under the direction
of the executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold,
to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of
master in 1862.
Sail"less (?), a. Destitute of
sails.
Pollok.
Sail"mak`er (?), n. One whose
occupation is to make or repair sails. --
Sail"mak`ing, n.
Sail"or (?), n. One who follows
the business of navigating ships or other vessels; one who
understands the practical management of ships; one of the crew of
a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.
Syn. -- Mariner; seaman; seafarer.
Sailor's choice. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) An excellent marine food fish (Diplodus,
) of the Southern United States; --
called also porgy, squirrel fish,
yellowtail, and salt-water
bream. (b) A species of grunt
(Orthopristis, ), an
excellent food fish, common on the southern coasts of the United
States; -- called also hogfish, and
pigfish.
Sail"y (?), a. Like a
sail. [R.]
Drayton.
Saim (?), n. [OF.
sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina
a fattening.] Lard; grease. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.]
\'d8Sai*mir" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The squirrel monkey.
Sain (?), obs. p. p.
of Say, for sayen.
Said.
Shak.
Sain, v. t. [Cf. Saint,
Sane.] To sanctify; to bless so as to
protect from evil influence. [R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Sain"foin (?; 277), n. [F., fr.
sain wholesome (L. sanus; see
Sane.) + foin hay (L. f\'91num);
or perh. fr. saint sacred (L. sanctus; see
Saint) + foin hay.] (Bot.)
(a) A leguminous plant (Onobrychis
sativa) cultivated for fodder. [Written also
saintfoin.] (b) A kind of tick
trefoil (Desmodium Canadense).
[Canada]
Saint (?), n. [F., fr. L.
santcus sacred, properly p.p. of sancire to
render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to
sacer sacred. Cf. Sacred, Sanctity,
Sanctum, Sanctus.] 1. A
person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety
and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated
to God.
Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be
saints.
1 Cor. i. 2.
2. One of the blessed in heaven.
Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure
Far separate, circling thy holy mount,
Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing.
Milton.
3. (Eccl.) One canonized by the
church. [Abbrev. St.]
Saint Andrew's cross (a) A cross
shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under
Cross. (b) (Bot.) A low North
American shrub (Ascyrum Crux-Andr\'91, the petals of
which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross.
Gray. -- Saint Anthony's cross, a
T-shaped cross. See
Illust. 6, under Cross. -- Saint
Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; -- popularly so called
because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of
Saint Anthony. -- Saint Anthony's nut
(Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium
flexuosum); -- so called because swine feed on it, and St.
Anthony was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. --
Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.), the
bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr.
Prior. -- Saint Barnaby's thistle
(Bot.), a kind of knapeweed (Centaurea
solstitialis) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June
11th. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Bernard
(Zo\'94l.), a breed of large, handsome dogs
celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at
the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in
Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and
the rough-haired. See Illust. under Dog.
-- Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.), the
plant love-a-mist. See under Love. -- Saint
Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil
joints of crinoid stems. -- Saint Dabeoc's heath
(Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dab\'91cia
polifolia), named from an Irish saint. -- Saint
Distaff's Day. See under Distaff. --
Saint Elmo's fire, a luminious, flamelike
appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some
prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the
yardams. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the
discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A
single flame is called a Helena, or a
Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a
Castor and Pollux, or a double Corposant.
It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of
sailors. -- Saint George's cross
(Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a field argent,
the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the
ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. -- Saint
George's ensign, a red cross on a white field with a
union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the
distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; --
called also the white ensign. Brande
& C. -- Saint George's flag, a smaller flag
resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the
sign of the presence and command of an admiral.
[Eng.] Brande & C. -- Saint
Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of
soda-lime plate glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where
it was manufactured. -- Saint Ignatius's bean
(Bot.), the seed of a tree of the Philippines
(Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the nux
vomica. -- Saint Jame's shell
(Zo\'94l.), a pecten (Vola Jacob\'91us)
worn by piligrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under
Scallop. -- Saint Jame's wort
(Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio
Jacob\'91a). -- Saint John's bread.
(Bot.) See Carob. -- Saint
John's-wort (Bot.), any plant of the genus
Hypericum, most species of which have yellow flowers;
-- called also John's-wort. -- Saint
Leger, the name of a race for three-year-old horses run
annually in September at Doncaster, England; -- instituted in
1776 by Col. St. Leger. -- Saint Martin's herb
(Bot.), a small tropical American violaceous plant
(Sauvagesia erecta). It is very mucilaginous and is
used in medicine. <-- p. 1269 --> -- Saint Martin's
summer, a season of mild, damp weather frequently
prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean
countries; -- so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on
November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America.
Shak. Whitier. -- Saint Patrick's
cross. See Illust 4, under
Cross. -- Saint Patrick's Day, the
17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St.
Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland. --
Saint Peter's fish. (Zo\'94l.) See
John Dory, under John. -- Saint
Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several
plants, as Hypericum Ascyron, H.
quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc. --
Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby
kind of Spir\'91a (S. hypericifolia), having long
slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in
spring. -- Saint's bell. See Sanctus
bell, under Sanctus. -- Saint Vitus's
dance (Med.), chorea; -- so called from the
supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.
Saint (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sainted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Sainting.] To make a
saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of the
pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to
(some one).
A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been
beatified, though never sainted.
Addison.
To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show
of piety.
Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it.
Shak.
Saint, v. i. To act or live as a
saint. [R.]
Shak.
Saint"dom (?), n. The state or
character of a saint. [R.]
Tennyson.
Saint"ed, a. 1. Consecrated;
sacred; holy; pious. \'bdA most sainted
king.\'b8
Shak.
Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats.
Milton.
2. Entered into heaven; -- a euphemism for
dead.
Saint"ess, n. A female saint.
[R.]
Bp. Fisher.
Saint"hood (?), n. 1.
The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint.
Walpole.
2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints,
considered collectively.
It was supposed he felt no call to anu expedition that might
sainthood.
Sir W. Scott.
Saint"ish, a. Somewhat saintlike; --
used ironically.
Saint"ism (?), n. The character
or quality of saints; also, hypocritical pretense of
holiness.
Wood.
Saint"like` (?), a. Resembling
a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint; saintly.
Glossed over only with a saintlike show.
Dryden.
Saint"li*ness (?), n. Quality
of being saintly.
Saint"ly, a. [Compar.
Saintlier (?); superl.
Saintliest.] Like a saint; becoming a
holy person.
So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity.
Milton.
Saint*ol"o*gist (?), n.
[Saint + -logy +
-ist.] (Theol.) One who writes
the lives of saints. [R.]
Saint"ship, n. The character or
qualities of a saint.
Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an (?), n. A
follower of the Count de St. Simon, who died in 1825,
and who maintained that the principle of property held in common,
and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the
members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils
which exist.
Brande & C.
Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism (?), n.
The principles, doctrines, or practice of the
Saint-Simonians; -- called also
Saint-Simonism.
Saith (?), 3d pers. sing. pres.
of Say. [Archaic]
Saithe (?), n. [Gael.
saoidheam.] (Zo\'94l.) The
pollock, or coalfish; -- called also
sillock. [Scot.]
Sai"va (? , n. [Skr.
devoted to Siva.] One
of an important religious sect in India which regards Siva with
peculiar veneration.
Sai"vism (?), n. The worship of
Siva.
Sa*jene" (?), n. Same as
Sagene.
Sa"jou (?; F. , n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Sapajou.
Sake (?), n. [OE.
sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. sacu
strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak cause,
thing, affair, G. sache thing, cause in law, OHG.
sahha, Icel. s\'94k, Sw. sak,
Dan. sag, Goth. sakj strife, AS.
sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakan,
Icel. saka to contend, strive, blame, OHG.
sahhan, MHG. sachen, to contend, strive,
defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and also to E.
seek. Cf. Seek.] Final cause; end;
purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason; interest; concern;
account; regard or respect; -- used chiefly in such phrases as,
for the sake, for his sake, for man's
sake, for mercy's sake, and the like; as, to
commit crime for the sake of gain; to go abroad for the
sake of one's health.
Moved with wrath and shame and ladies; sake.
Spenser.
I will not again curse the ground any more for man's
sake.
Gen. viii. 21.
Will he draw out,
For anger's sake, finite to infinite?
Milton.
Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for
the sake of knowledge.
Sir W. Hamilton.
-s of the possessive case preceding
sake is sometimes omitted for euphony; as, for
goodness sake. \'bdFor conscience sake.\'b8
1 Cor. x. 28. The plural sakes is often used
with a possessive plural. \'bdFor both our sakes.\'b8
Shak.
Sa"ker (?), n. [F.
sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp. & Pg.
sacre), either fr. L. sacer sacred, holy,
as a translation of Gr. hawk.] [Written
also sacar, sacre.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A falcon (Falco
sacer) native of Southern Europe and Asia, closely
resembling the lanner.
chargh, and the male
charghela, or sakeret.
(b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov.
Eng.]
2. (Mil.) A small piece of
artillery.
Wilhelm.
On the bastions were planted culverins and
sakers.
Macaulay.
The culverins and sakers showing their deadly
muzzles over the rampart.
Hawthorne.
Sa"ker*et (?), n. [F.
sacret. See Saker.]
(Zo\'94l.) The male of the saker
(a).
Sa"ki (?), n. [Cf. F. & Pg.
saki; probably from the native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of South
American monkeys of the genus Pithecia. They have
large ears, and a long hairy tail which is not prehensile.
Pithecia satanas), the
white-headed (P.leucocephala), and the red-backed, or
hand-drinking, saki (P.chiropotes), are among the
best-known.
Sa"ki (?), n. The alcoholic
drink of Japan. It is made from rice.<-- usu. spelt
sake -->
Sak"ti (?), n. [Skr.]
(Hind. Myth.) The divine energy, personified as
the wife of a deity (Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female
principle.
\'d8Sal (s, n. [Hind.
s\'bel, Skr. .]
(Bot.) An East Indian timber tree (Shorea
robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light
brown color, close-grained, and durable. [Written
also saul.]
Sal (s, n. [L. See
Salt.] (Chem. & Pharm.)
Salt.
Sal absinthii [NL.] (Old
Chem.), an impure potassium carbonate obtained from the
ashes of wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium). --
Sal acetosell\'91 [NL.] (Old
Chem.), salt of sorrel. -- Sal
alembroth. (Old Chem.) See
Alembroth. -- Sal ammoniac
(Chem.), ammonium chloride,
NH4Cl, a white crystalline volatile substance
having a sharp salty taste, obtained from gas works, from
nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed as a source of
ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in bronchitis. So
called because originally made from the soot from camel's dung at
the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also
muriate of ammonia. -- Sal
catharticus [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.),
Epsom salts. -- Sal culinarius
[L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or
sodium chloride. -- Sal Cyrenaicus.
[NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal
ammoniac above. -- Sal de duobus,
Sal duplicatum [NL.] (Old
Chem.), potassium sulphate; -- so called because
erroneously supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and
one alkaline. -- Sal diureticus [NL.]
(Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate. --
Sal enixum [NL.] (Old Chem.),
acid potassium sulphate. -- Sal gemm\'91
[NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring
native. -- Sal Jovis [NL.] (Old
Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride; -- the
alchemical name of tin being Jove. -- Sal
Martis [NL.] (Old Chem.), green
vitriol, or ferrous sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron
being. Mars. -- Sal microcosmicum
[NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic
salt, under Microcosmic. -- Sal
plumbi [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar
of lead. -- Sal prunella. (Old Chem.)
See Prunella salt, under 1st
Prunella. -- Sal Saturni
[NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or
lead acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being
Saturn. -- Sal sedativus
[NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or
boric acid. -- Sal Seignette [F.
seignette, sel de seignette]
(Chem.), Rochelle salt. -- Sal
soda (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under
Sodium. -- Sal vitrioli [NL.]
(Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc sulphate. --
Sal volatile. [NL.] (a)
(Chem.) See Sal ammoniac, above.
(b) Spirits of ammonia.
\'d8Sa*laam" (?), n. Same as
Salam.
Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the
exciseman just as he was folding up that letter.
Prof. Wilson.
Sa*laam", v. i. To make or perform a
salam.
I have salaamed and kowtowed to him.
H. James.
Sal`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or condition of being salable; salableness.
Duke of Argyll.
Sal"a*ble (?), a. [From
Sale.] Capable of being sold; fit to be sold;
finding a ready market. --
Sal"a*ble*ness, n. --
Sal"a*bly, adv.
Sa*la"cious (?), n. [L.
salax, -acis, fond of leaping, lustful, fr.
salire to leap. See Salient.]
Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous.
Dryden.
-- Sa*la"cious*ly, dv. --
Sa*la"cious*ness, n.
Sa*lac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
salacitas: cf. F. salacit\'82]
Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.
Sal"ad (?), n. [F.
salade, OIt. salata, It.
insalata, fr. salare to salt, fr. L.
sal salt. See Salt, and cf.
Slaw.] 1. A preparation of
vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc.,
usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for
giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad;
tomato salad, etc.
Leaves eaten raw termed salad.
I. Watts.
2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp.
chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and
seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments;
as, chicken salad; lobster
salad.<-- mention mayonnaise -->
Salad burnet (Bot.), the common
burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba), sometimes eaten as a
salad in Italy.
Sal"ade (?), n. A helmet. See
Sallet.
Sal"ad*ing (?), n. Vegetable
for salad.
Sal`\'91*ra"tus (?), n. See
Saleratus.
Sal"a*gane (?), n. [From the
Chinese name.] (Zo\'94l.) The esculent
swallow. See under Esculent.
Sal"al-ber`ry (?), n. [Probably
of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The
edible fruit of the Gaultheria Shallon, an ericaceous
shrub found from California northwards. The berries are about the
size of a common grape and of a dark purple color.
\'d8Sa*lam (s, n.
[Ar. sal\'bem peace, safety.] A
salutation or compliment of ceremony in the east by word or act;
an obeisance, performed by bowing very low and placing the right
palm on the forehead. [Written also
salaam.]
Sal"a*man`der (?), n. [F.
salamandre, L. salamandra, Gr. samander, samandel.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of
Urodela, belonging to Salamandra,
Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied
genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in
their habits.
I have maintained that salamander of yours with
fire any time this two and thirty years.
Shak.
Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander
extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience that on hot
coals, it dieth immediately.
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The pouched gopher
(Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States.
3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk
which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.
4. A large poker. [prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
5. (Metal.) Solidofied material in a
furnace hearth.
Giant salamander. (Zo\'94l.) See
under Giant. -- Salamander's hair
wool (Min.), a species of
asbestus or mineral flax. [Obs.]
Bacon.
\'d8Sal`a*man*dri"na (?), n.;
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A
suborder of Urodela, comprising salamanders.
Sal`a*man"drine (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring fire.
Addison.
Sal`a*man"droid (?), a
[Salamander + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
salamanders.
\'d8sal`a*man*dri"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Amphibia including the Salamanders and allied groups; the
Urodela.
Sal"am*stone` (? , n.
(Min.) A kind of blue sapphire brought from
Ceylon.
Dana.
Sa*lan"ga*na (?), n. The
salagane.
Sal"a*ried (?), a. Receiving a
salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached; as, a
salaried officer; a salaried office.
Sal"a*ry (?), a. [L.
salarius.] Saline [Obs.]
Sal"a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Salaries (#). [F.
salarie, L. salarium, originally, salt
money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was
a part of thir pay, fr. salarius belonging to salt,
fr. sal salt. See Salt.] The
recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid, to a
person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the
year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire.
This is hire and salary, not revenge.
Shak.
wages.
Syn. -- Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.
Sal"a*ry v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Salaried (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Salarying (?).] To
pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as,
to salary a clerk; to salary a
position.
Sale (?), n. See 1st
Sallow. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Sale, n. [Icel. sala,
sal, akin to E.sell. See Sell,
v. t.] 1. The act of selling; the
transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of
property, from one person to another for a valuable
consideration, or for a price in money.
2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market.
They shall have ready sale for them.
Spenser.
3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or
exposure of goods in market; auction.
Sir W. Temple.
Bill of sale. See under Bill. --
Of sale, On sale, For
sale, to be bought or sold; offered to
purchasers; in the market. -- To set to sale,
to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make
merchandise of. [Obs.]
Milton.
Sale"a*ble (?), a.,
Sale"a*bly, adv., etc. See
Salable, Salably, etc.
Sal"eb (?), n. (Med.)
See Salep.
Sal`e*bros"i*ty (?), n.
Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.]
Feltham.
Sal"e*brous (?), a. [L.
salebosus, fr. salebra a rugged road, fr.
salire to leap.] Rough; rugged.
[Obs.]
Sal"ep (?), n. [Ar.
sahleb, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word for
fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's
testicles: cf. F. salep.] [Written also
saleb, salop, and
saloop.] The dried tubers of various
species of Orchis, and Eulophia. It is used
to make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered
preparation with hot water.
U. S. Disp.
Sal`e*ra"tus (?), n. [NL.
sal a\'89ratus; -- so called because it is a source of
fixed air (carbon dioxide). See Sal, and and
A\'89rated.] (Old Chem.)
A\'89rated salt; a white crystalline substance having an
alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate
(see under Sodium.) It is lagerly used in cooking, with
sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for
yeast. It is also an ingridient of most baking powders, and is
used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.
Sales"man (?), n.; pl.
Salesmen (#). [Sale +
man.] One who sells anything; one whose
occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.
Sales"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Saleswomen (. A woman whose
occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.
Sale"work` (?), n. Work or
things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or
slightingly.
Shak.
Sa"lian (?), a. Denoting a
tribe of Franks who established themselves early in the fourth
century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic. --
n. A Salian Frank.
Sa"li*ant (?), a. (Her.)
Same as Salient.
Sal"i*aunce (?), a. [See
Sally.] Salience; onslaught.
[Obs.] \'bdSo fierce saliaunce.\'b8
Spenser.
<-- p. 1270 -->
Sal"ic (?), a. [F.
salique, fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the
fifth century, formed a body of laws called in latin leges
Salic\'91.] Of or pertaining to the Salian
Franks, or to the Salic law so called. [Also
salique.]
Salic law. (a) A code of laws formed
by the Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of
this code women were excluded from the inheritance of landed
property. (b) Specifically, in modern times, a
law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned
provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the
throne. This law has obtained in France, and at times in other
countries of Europe, as Spain.
Sal`i*ca"ceous (?), a. [L.
salix, -icis, the willow.]
Belonging or relating to the willow.
Sal"*cin (?), n. [L.
salix, -icis, a willow: cf. F.
salicine. See Sallow the tree.]
(Chem.) A glucoside found in the leaves of
several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and
extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.<--
salicyl alcohol glucoside, salicyl
alcohol , saligenin
, C13H18O7.
It is used in biochemistry as a standard substrate for evaluating
the potency of
Sal"i*cyl (?), n.
[Salicin + -yl.]
(Chem.) The hypothetical radical of salicylic
acid and of certain related compounds.
Sal"i*cyl`al (?), n.
[Salicylic + aldehide.]
(Chem.) A thin, fragrant, colorless oil,
HO.C6H4.CHO, found in the flowers of meadow
sweet (Spir\'91a), and also obtained by oxidation of
saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also
salycylol, salicylic
aldehyde, and formerly salicylous, .
Sal"i*cyl`ate (-, n.
(Chem.) A salt of salicylic acid.
Sal`i*cyl"ic (?), n.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with
potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol
(carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium
phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an
antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism.
Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.
Sal"i*cyl`ide (?), n.
[Salicylic + anhydride.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by
dehydration of salicylic acid.
Sal"i*cyl`ite (?), n.
(Chem.) A compound of salicylal; -- named after
the analogy of a salt.
Sal"i*cyl`ol (?), n.
[Salicylic + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.) Same as Salicylal.
Sa*lic"y*lous (? , a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a
substance called salicylous acid, and now
salicylal. [Obs.]
Sa"li*ence (?), n. [See
Salient.] 1. That quality or
condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an
assaulting.
2. The quality or state of projecting, or being
projected; projection; protrusion.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Sa"li*en*cy (?), n. Quality of
being salient; hence, vigor. \'bdA fatal lack of poetic
saliency.\'b8
J. Morley.
Sa"li*ent (?), a. [L.
saliens, -entis, p.pr. of salire
to leap; cf. F. saillant. See Sally,
n. & v. i..] 1. Moving
by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. \'bdFrogs
and salient animals.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting.
He had in himself a salient, living spring of
generous and manly action.
Burke.
3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the
attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable.
He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor
general comprehensiveness of mind.
Bancroft.
4. (Math. & Fort.) Projectiong
outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to
re\'89ntering. See Illust. of
Bastion.<-- convex? -->
5. (Her.) Represented in a leaping
position; as, a lion salient.
Salient angle. See Salient,
a., 4. -- Salient polygon
(Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are
salient. -- Salient polyhedron
(Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles
are salient.
Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.) A
salient angle or part; a projection.
Sa"li*ent*ly, adv. In a salient
manner.
Sa*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
sal salt + -ferous.] Producing,
or impregnated with, salt.
Saliferous rocks (Geol.), the New
Red Sandstone system of some geologists; -- so called because, in
Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds
of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the
Upper Silurian. See the Chart of
Geology.
Sal"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
salifiable. See Salify.]
(Chem.) Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a
salt; -- said of bases; thus, ammonia is
salifiable.
Sal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. salification.] (Chem.) The
act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being
salified.
Sal"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Salified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying
(?).] [F. salifier; from L.
sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to make.
See -fy.] (Chem.) (a) To
combine or impregnate with a salt. (b) To
form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to
salify a base or an acid.
Sa*lig"e*nin (?), n.
[Salicin + -gen.]
(Chem.) A phenol alcohol obtained, by the
decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; --
called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.
<-- ortho-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, saligenol, salicyl alcohol.
HOCH2.C6H4.OH -->
Sal"i*got (?), n. [F.]
(Bot.) The water chestnut (Trapa
natans).
Sal*im"e*ter (?), n. [L.
sal salt + -meter.] An
instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given
solution. [Written also
salometer.]
Sal*im"e*try (?), n. The art or
process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.
Sa*li"na (?), n. [Cf. L.
salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt.
See Saline, a.] 1. A salt
marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.
2. Salt works.
Sa*li"na pe"ri*od (?). [So called from
Salina, a town in New York.] (Geol.)
The period in which the American Upper Silurian system,
containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was
formed. See the Chart of Geology.
Sal`i*na"tion (?), n. The act
of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs..]
Greenhill.
Sa"line (? , a. [F.
salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L.
salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See
Salt.] 1. Consisting of salt, or
containing salt; as, saline particles;
saline substances; a saline
cathartic.
2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a
saline taste.
Sa"line (? , n.
[Cf. F. saline. See Saline,
a.] A salt spring; a place where salt water
is collected in the earth.
Sal"ine (?), n. 1.
(Chem.) A crude potash obtained from beet-root
residues and other similar sources. [Written also
salin.]
2. (Med. Chem.) A metallic salt; esp., a
salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in
medicine.
<-- 3. (Med., Biochemistry) A saline solution, esp. normal
saline, or isotonic saline, used for infusion, to maintain blood
pressure. -->
Sa*line"ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being salt; saltness.
Sal`i*nif"er*ous (?), a.
[Saline + -ferous.] Same as
Saliferous.
Sa*lin"i*form (?), a. Having
the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common
salt.
Sa*lin"i*ty (?), n.
Salineness.
Carpenter.
Sal`i*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[Saline + -meter.] A
salimeter.
Sa*lin"ous (?), a.
Saline. [Obs.]
Sal"ique (? , a.
[F.] Salic.
Shak.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique.
Tennyson.
Sal`i*re"tin (?), n.
[Saligenin + Gr.
(Chem.) A yellow amorphous resinoid substance
obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.
\'d8Sal`is*bu"ri*a (?), n.
[Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English
botanist.] (Bot.) The ginkgo tree
(Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia
adiantifolia).
Sal"ite (?), v. t. [L.
salitus, p.p. of salire to salt, fr.
sal salt.] To season with salt; to
salt. [Obs.]
Sa"lite (?), n. [So called from
Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.)
A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green
color. [Written also sahlite.]
Sa*li"va (?), n. [L.; cf. Gr.
(Physiol.) The secretion from the
salivary glands.
mixed saliva,
i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the
salivary glands, is an important degestive fluid on account of
the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.
Sa*li"val (?; 277), a.
Salivary.
Sal"i*vant (?), a. [L.
salivans, p.pr. of salivare. See
Salivate.] Producing salivation.
Sal"i*vant, n. That which produces
salivation.
Sal"i*va*ry (?), a. [L.
salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F.
salivaire.] (Physiol.) Of or
pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the
salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the
salivary ducts, etc.
Sal"i*vate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Salivated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Salivating.] [L. salivatus,
p.p. of salivare to salivate. See
Saliva.] To produce an abnormal flow of
saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of
mercury.
<-- v.i. To produce saliva, esp. in excess.
2. To drool.
3. (Fig.) To anticipate keenly with pleasure, as though
salivating at the expectation of a delicious meal. Used often
with over.; as, salivate over the prospects of
high profits from an enterprise.
Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who
trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously
ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them. -->
Sal`i*va"tion (?), n. [L.
salivatio: cf. F. salivation.]
(Physiol.) The act or process of salivating; an
excessive secretion of saliva, often accompained with soreness of
the mouth and gums; ptyalism.
Sa*li"vous (?), a. [L.
salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.]
Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.
\'d8Sa"lix (?), n.; pl.
Salices (#). [L., the
willow.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of
trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like,
growing usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or
shrub of any kind of willow.
Sal"len*ders (?), n. pl. [F.
solandres, solandre.]
(Far.) An eruption on the hind leg of a
horse. [Written also sellanders, and
sellenders.]
On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at
the bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption
called \'bdmallenders\'b8 in the fore leg, and
\'bdsallenders\'b8 in the hind leg.
Youatt.
Sal"let (?), n. [F.
salade, Sp. celada, or It.
celata, fr. L. (cassis) caelata, fr.
caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So
called from the figures engraved upon it.] A light
kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the
15th century. [Written also
salade.]
Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may
be saved.
Latimer.
{ Sal"et, Sal"let*ing },
n. Salad. [Obs.]
Shak.
Sal"li*ance (?), n.
Salience. [Obs.]
Sal"low (?), n. [OE.
salwe, AS. sealth; akin to OHG.
salaha, G. salwiede, Icel. selja
L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach,
Gael. seileach, W. helyg, Gr.
1. The willow; willow twigs.
[Poetic]
Tennyson.
And bend the pliant sallow to a shield.
Fawkes.
The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb.
Emerson.
2. (Bot.) A name given to certain
species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible
shoots, as Salix caprea, S.
cinerea, etc.
Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European
thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) much like an
El\'91agnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making
jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.
Sal"low, a. [Compar.
Sallower (?); superl.
Sallowest.] [AS. salu; akin
to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel.
s\'94lr yellow.] Having a yellowish color;
of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a
sallow skin.
Shak.
Sal"low, v. t. To tinge with
sallowness. [Poetic]
July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields.
Lowell.
Sal"low*ish, a. Somewhat sallow.
Dickens.
Sal"low*ness (?), n. The
quality or condition of being sallow.
Addison.
Sal"ly (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Sallied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sallying.] [F. saillir, fr.
L. salire to leap, spring, akin to gr. Sallient, Assail,
Assault, Exult, Insult,
Saltation, Saltire.] To leap or rush
out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from
a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally.
They break the truce, and sally out by night.
Dryden.
The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying
host.
Byron.
Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies
(#). [F. saillie, fr.
sailir. See Sally, v.]
1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.
2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a
sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place
besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie.
Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were
beaten in with loss.
Bacon.
3. An excursion from the usual track; range;
digression; deviation.
Every one shall know a country better that makes often
sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he
that . . . goes still round in the same track.
Locke.
4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like;
a flashing forth of a quick and active mind.
The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his
sallies.
Sir W. Scott.
5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or
steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade.
The excursion was esteemed but a sally of
youth.
Sir H. Wotton.
Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A
postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the
outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie.
(b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter
of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the
train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or
a large modern ironclad.
Sal"ly Lunn" (?). [From a woman,
Sally Lunn, who is said to have first made the cakes,
and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.] A tea cake
slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of
biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.
Sal"ly*man (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The velella; -- called also
saleeman.
Salm (?), n. Psalm.
[Obs.]
Piers plowman.
Sal`ma*gun"di (?), n. [F.
salmigondis of uncertain origin; perhaps from L.
salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles +
condita preserved (see Condite); or from the
Countess Salmagondi, lady of honor to Maria de Medici,
who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame
salt meat, and F. salmis a ragout.] 1.
A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil,
vinegar, pepper, and onions.
Johnson.
2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio
or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany.
W. Irving.
Sal"mi (?), n. (Cookery)
Same as Salmis.
Sal"mi*ac (?), n. [Cf. F.
salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old
Chem.) Sal ammoniac. See under Sal.
\'d8Sal`mis" (?), n. [F.]
(Cookery) A ragout or partky roasted game stewed
with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke
appetite.
Salm"on (?), n.; pl.
Salmons (#) or
(collectively) Salmon. [OE.
saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr.
L. salmo, salmonis perhaps from
salire to leap. Cf. Sally,
v.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo
and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of
Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California
salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are
extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat.
parr,
peal, smolt, and grilse. Among
the true salmons are: Black salmon, or
Lake salmon, the namaycush. -- Dog salmon,
a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta).
-- Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon
(Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). -- King salmon,
the quinnat. -- Landlocked salmon, a variety of the
common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain
lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from
returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf
salmon.
Among fishes of other families which are locally and
erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called
jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the
cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called
sea salmon; and the California yellowtail.
2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh
of the salmon.
Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red
raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the
Rubus Nutkanus. -- Salmon killer
(Zo\'94l.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus
cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern
Asia. -- Salmon ladder, salmon
stair. See Fish ladder, under
Fish. -- Salmon peel, a young
salmon. -- Salmon pipe, a certain device for
catching salmon. Crabb. -- Salmon trout.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The European sea trout
(Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is
smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales.
(b) The American namaycush. (c) A
name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted
trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and
other large trout of the Pacific coast.
Salm"on, a. Of a reddish yellow or
orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.
<-- p. 1271 -->
Salm"on*et (?), n. [Cf.
Samlet.] (Zo\'94l.) A salmon of
small size; a samlet.
Sal"mon*oid (?), a.
[Salmon + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the
Salmonid\'91, a family of fishes including the trout
and salmon. -- n. Any fish of the
family Salmonid\'91.
Sal"o*gen (?), n. [L.
sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.)
A halogen. [Obs.]
Sal"ol (?), n.
[Salicylic + -ol.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline substance consisting
of phenol salicylate.
sa*lom"e*ter (?), n. See
Salimeter.
Sa*lom"*try (?), n.
Salimetry.
\'d8Sa`lom" (?), n. [F. See
Saloon.] An apartment for the reception of
company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of
fashionable society.
Sa*loon" (?), n. [F.
salon (cf. It. salone), fr. F.
salle a large room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin;
cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G. saal; akin to
AS. s\'91l, sele, D. zaal, Icel.
salr, Goth. saljan to dwell, and probably
to L. solum ground. Cf. Sole of
the foot, Soil ground, earth.] 1. A
spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or
for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public
entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the
saloon of a steamboat.
The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of
the realm . . . gave banquets and balls.
Macaulay.
2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses;
esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon;
an eating saloon; a dancing saloon.
We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing
saloons [at Athens.]
J. P. Mahaffy.
Sa*loop" (?), n. An aromatic
drink prepared from sassafras bark and other ingredients, at one
time much used in London.
J. Smith (Dict. econ. Plants).
Saloop bush (Bot.), an Australian
shrub (Rhagodia hastata) of the Goosefoot family, used
for fodder.
Salp (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any species of Salpa, or of the family
Salpid\'91.
\'d8Sal"pa (?), n.; pl. L.
Salp\'91 (#), E. Salpas
(#). [NL.: cf. L. salpa a kind of
stockfish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic tunicates found
abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See
Illustration in Appendix.
{ Sal"pi*an (?), Sal"pid
(?) }, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
salpa.
Sal"pi*con (?), n. [F.
salpicon, Sp. salpicon.] Chopped
meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints;
stuffing; farce.
Bacon.
\'d8Sal`pin*gi"tis (?), n. [NL.
See Salpinx, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the salpinx.
\'d8Sal"pinx (?), n. [NL., from
Gr. (Old Anat.) The
Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.
Sal"sa*fy (?), n. (Bot.)
See Salsify.
Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous (?), a.
[L. salsamentarius, fr. salsamentum
brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p.p. of
salire to salt.] Salt; salted;
saline. [R.]
Salse (?), n. [F.] A
mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with salts,
whence the name.
Sal"si*fy (?; 277), n. [F.
salsifis.] (Bot.) See
Oyster plant (a), under
Oyster.
Sal"so-ac`id (?), a. [L.
salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.]
Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt
and acid. [R.]
Sal`so"da (?), n. See Sal
soda, under Sal.
\'d8Sal"so*la (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. salsus salt, because they contain alkaline
salts.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including
the glasswort. See Glasswort.
sal*su"gi*nous (?), a. [L.
salsugo, -ginis, saltness from
salsus salted, salt: cf. F.
salsugineux.] (Bot.) Growing in
brackish places or in salt marches.
Salt (?), n. [AS.
sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D.
zout, G. salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan.
salt, L. sal, Gr. sole, Ir. & Gael. salann, W.
halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal,
Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce,
Sausage.] 1. The chloride of sodium,
a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of
meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced,
by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other
water impregnated with saline particles.
2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack;
seasoning.
Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have
some salt of our youth in us.
Shak.
3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic
salt.
4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.
I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver
salts.
Pepys.
5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by
old. [Colloq.]
Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and
gossiping, clusters of old salts.
Hawthorne.
6. (Chem.) The neutral compound formed
by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form
the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.
basic, neutral, or acid salts
See Phrases below.
7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or
error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an
allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with
a grain of salt.
Ye are the salt of the earth.
Matt. v. 13.
8. pl. Any mineral salt used as an
aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or
Glauber's salt.
9. pl. Marches flooded by the
tide. [Prov. Eng.]
Above the salt, Below the
salt, phrases which have survived the old
custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large
saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above
which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below
to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See
Saltfoot.
His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath
him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt.
B. Jonson.
-- Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A
salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen
atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or
basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an acid
salt. (b) A salt, whatever its
constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; thus,
copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a
weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though
theoretically it is a neutral salt. -- Alkaline
salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline
reaction, as sodium carbonate. -- Amphid salt
(Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly
regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic
oxide. [Obsolescent] -- Basic salt
(Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of
the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the
acid. (b) An alkaline salt. -- Binary
salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type
conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously
to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical. --
Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as
formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum,
potassium aluminium sulphate. See under Double. --
Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary. --
Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt
obtained by crystalizing plant juices. -- Ethereal
salt. (Chem.) See under
Ethereal. -- Glauber's salt salts. See in Vocabulary. --
Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a
halogen acid, as sodium chloride. -- Microcosmic
salt. (Chem.). See under
Microcosmic. -- Neutral salt.
(Chem.) (a A salt in which the acid and base (in
theory) neutralize each other. (b) A
salt which gives a neutral reaction. -- Oxy salt
(Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid.
-- Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt
supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous
compound. [Obs.] -- Permanent salt,
a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air.
-- Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived
from a protoxide base or analogous compound. --
Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle.
-- Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic
acid. -- Salt of colcothar (Old
Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate of iron. --
Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a)
Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride. (b)
Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of
hartshorn, under Hartshorn. -- Salt of
lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of
sorrel, below. -- Salt of Saturn (Old
Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the alchemical
of lead being Saturn. -- Salt of
Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt. --
Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium
carbonate. -- Salt of sorrel (Old
Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium
quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called
because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes
inaccurately called salt of lemon. --
Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium
carbonate; -- so called because formerly made by heating cream of
tartar, or potassium tartrate. [Obs.] --
Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue
vitriol; copper sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being
Venus. -- Salt of wisdom. See
Alembroth. -- Sedative salt (Old
Med. Chem.), boric acid. -- Sesqui salt
(Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or
analogous compound. -- Spirit of salt.
(Chem.) See under Spirit. --
Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous
to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of
oxygen.
Salt (?), a.
[Compar. Salter (?);
superl. Saltest.] [AS.
sealt, salt. See Salt,
n.] 1. Of or relating to salt;
abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or
tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef;
salt water. \'bdSalt tears.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water;
as, a salt marsh; salt grass.
3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.
I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me.
Shak.
4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful.
Shak.
Salt acid (Chem.), hydrochloric
acid. -- Salt block, an apparatus for
evaporating brine; a salt factory. Knight. --
Salt bottom, a flat piece of ground covered with
saline efforescences. [Western U.S.]
bartlett. -- Salt cake (Chem.),
the white caked mass, consisting of sodium sulphate, which is
obtained as the product of the first stage in the manufacture of
soda, according to Leblanc's process. -- Salt
fish. (a) Salted fish, especially cod,
haddock, and similar fishes that have been salted and dried for
food. (b) A marine fish. -- Salt
garden, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of
sea water for the production of salt, employing large shallow
basins excavated near the seashore. -- Salt
gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of
brine; a salimeter. -- Salt horse, salted
beef. [Slang] -- Salt junk, hard
salt beef for use at sea. [Slang] -- Salt
lick. See Lick, n. --
Salt marsh, grass land subject to the overflow of
salt water. -- Salt-marsh caterpillar
(Zo\'94l.), an American bombycid moth
(Spilosoma acre\'91 which is very destructive to the
salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also wooly
bear. See Illust. under Moth,
Pupa, and Woolly bear, under
Woolly. -- Salt-marsh fleabane
(Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb
(Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads,
growing in salt marshes. -- Salt-marsh hen
(Zo\'94l.), the clapper rail. See under
Rail. -- Salt-marsh terrapin
(Zo\'94l.), the diamond-back. -- Salt
mine, a mine where rock salt is obtained. --
Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for making
salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where
salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun.
(b) pl. Salt works. -- Salt
pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made. --
Salt rising, a kind of yeast in which common salt
is a principal ingredient. [U.S.] -- Salt
raker, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or
inclosures from the sea. -- Salt sedative
(Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] --
Salt spring, a spring of salt water. --
Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous
tree (Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt
plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia. -- Salt
water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the
ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears.
Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see;
And yet salt water blinds them not so much
But they can see a sort of traitors here.
Shak.
-- Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. --
Salt-water tailor. (Zo\'94l.) See
Bluefish.
Salt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Salting.] 1. To sprinkle,
impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in
brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef,
or pork; to salt cattle.
2. To fill with salt between the timbers and
planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.
To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals
in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its
value. [Cant] -- To salt away,
To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in,
salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to
save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.
Salt (?), v. i. To deposit salt
as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to
salt.
Salt (?), n. [L.
saltus, fr. salire to leap.] The
act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Sal"tant (?), a. [L.
saltans, p.pr. of saltare to dance, v.
intens. fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant.
See Sally, v.] 1.
Leaping; jumping; dancing.
2. (Her.) In a leaping position;
springing forward; -- applied especially to the squirrel, weasel,
and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.
\'d8Sal`ta*rel"la (?), n. See
Saltarello.
\'d8Sal`ta*rel"lo (?), n. [It.,
fr. L. saltare to jump.] A popular Italian
dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets, but
with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See
Tarantella.
Sal"tate (?), v. i. [See
Saltant.] To leap or dance.
[R.]
Sal*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
saltatio: cf. F. saltation.]
1. A leaping or jumping.
Continued his saltation without pause.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Beating or palpitation; as, the
saltation of the great artery.
3. (Biol.) An abrupt and marked
variation in the condition or appearance of a species; a sudden
modification which may give rise to new races.
We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in
the way of variation now and then, and that these
saltations give rise to some of the gaps which appear
to exist in the series of known forms.
Huxley.
\'d8Sal`ta*to"ri*a (?), n.;
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts, and
crickets.
Sal`ta*to"ri*al (?), a. 1.
Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial
exercises.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Same as
Saltatorious. (b) Of or pertaining
to the Saltatoria.
Sal`ta*to"ri*ous (?), a.
Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a
saltatorious insect or leg.
Sal"ta*to"ry (?), a. [L.
saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf.
Saltire.] Leaping or dancing; having the
power of, or used in, leaping or dancing.
Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a
theory of evolution which holds that the transmutation of species
is not always gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked
variations. See Saltation.<-- recently revived as
"punctuated equilibrium" --> -- Saltatory spasm
(Med.), an affection in which pressure of the foot
on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to
make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and
jumping.
J. Ross.
Salt"bush` (?), n. (Bot.)
An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of the
Goosefoot family.
Salt"cat` (?), n. A mixture of
salt, coarse meal lime, etc., attractive to pigeons.
Salt"cel*lar (?), n. [OE.
saltsaler; salt + F. sali\'8are
saltcellar, from L. sal salt. See Salt, and
cf. Salary.] Formerly a large vessel, now a
small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on
the table.
Salt"er (?), n. One who makes,
sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or fish.
Salt"ern (?), n. A building or
place where salt is made by boiling or by evaporation; salt
works.
Salt"foot` (?), n. A large
saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the table. The
superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.
Salt"-green (?), a. Sea-green
in color.
Shak.
Salt"le (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European dab.
Sal"tier (?), n. See
Saltire.
\'d8Sal`ti*gra"d\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zo\'94l.)
A tribe of spiders including those which lie in wait and
leap upon their prey; the leaping spiders.
Sal"ti*grade (?), a. [L.
saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F.
saltigrade.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
feet or legs formed for leaping.
Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Saltigrad\'91 a tribe of spiders which
leap to seize their prey.
Sal`tim*ban"co (?), n. [It.,
literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a bench;
saltare to leap + in in, upon +
banco a bench.] A mountebank; a
quack. [Obs.] [Written also
santibanco.]
Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans.
Sir T. browne.
Salt"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with
salt.
2. A salt marsh.
Sal"tire (?), n. [F.
sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of
stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See
Saltatory, Sally, v.]
(Her.) A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form
of an X, -- one of the honorable
ordinaries.
Sal"tire*wise` (?), adv.
(Her.) In the manner of a saltire; -- said
especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines
drawn in the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and
crossing at the center.
Salt"ish (?), a. Somewhat
salt. -- Salt"ish*ly, adv. --
Salt"ish*ness, n.
Salt"less, a. Destitute of salt;
insipid.
Salt"ly, adv. With taste of salt; in a
salt manner.
Salt"mouth` (?), n. A
wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals,
especially crystallized salts.
<-- p. 1272 -->
Salt"ness (?), n. The quality
or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated
with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea
water.
{ Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre },
(, n. [F. salp\'88tre,
NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone salt;
Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.)
Potassium nitrate; niter, a white crystalline substance,
KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by
leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the
process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a
strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is
also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a
diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.
Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium
nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter),
a white crystalline substance, NaNO3, having a
cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by
leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It
is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed
in the production of nitric acid. Called also cubic
niter. -- Saltpeter acid
(Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.
Salt`pe"trous (?), a. [Cf. F.
salp\'88treux.] Pertaining to saltpeter, or
partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter.
[Obs.]
Salt" rheum (?). (Med.) A
popular name, esp. in the United States, for various cutaneous
eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See
Eczema.
Salt`wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore,
as the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See
Glasswort.
Black saltwort, the sea milkwort.
Salt"y (?), a. Somewhat salt;
saltish.
Sa*lu"bri*ous (?), a. [L.
salubris, or saluber, fr. salus
health; akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See
Safe.] Favorable to health; healthful;
promoting health; as, salubrious air, water, or
climate.
Syn. -- Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary.
-- Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv. --
Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.
Sa*lu"bri*ty (?), n. [L.
salubritas: cf. F. salubrit\'82 See
Salubrious.] The quality of being salubrious;
favorableness to the preservation of health; salubriousness;
wholesomeness; healthfulness; as, the salubrity of
the air, of a country, or a climate. \'bdA sweet, dry
small of salubrity.\'b8
G. W. Cable.
Sa*lue" (?), v. t. [F.
saluer. See Salute.] To
salute. [Obs.]
There was no \'bdgood day\'b8 and no saluyng.
Chaucer.
Sal"u*ta*ry (?), a. [L.
salutaris, from salus, -utis,
health safety: cf. F. salutaire. See
Salubrious.] 1. Wholesome;
healthful; promoting health; as, salutary
exercise.
2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some
beneficial purpose; beneficial; advantageous; as, a
salutary design.
Syn. -- Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial;
useful; advantageous; profitable.
-- Sal"u*ta*ri*ly (#),
adv. -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ness,
n.
Sal`u*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See
Salute.] The act of saluting, or paying
respect or reverence, by the customary words or actions; the act
of greeting, or expressing good will or courtesy; also, that
which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting.
In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms
of salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst
the most sober persons.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Greeting; salute; address. --
Salutation, Greeting, Salute,
Greeting is the general word for all manner of
expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when
persons meet or communicate with each other. A
greeting may be hearty and loving, chilling and
offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of legal
documents. Salutation more definitely implies a
wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well as at
meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good
will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes still in
the sense of either greeting or salutation,
is now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration
not expressed in words. The guests received a greeting
which relieved their embrassment, offered their
salutations in well-chosen terms, and when they
retired, as when they entered, made a deferential
salute.
Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in
the synagogues, and greetings in the markets.
Luke xi. 43.
When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the
babe leaped in her womb.
Luke i. 41.
I shall not trouble my reader with the first
salutes of our three friends.
Addison.
Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an (?), n. The
student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual
Commencement or like exercises of a college, -- an honor commonly
assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second
in scholarship. [U.S.]
Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly (?), adv. By
way of salutation.
Sa*lu"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L.
salutatorius. See Salute.]
Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome;
greeting; -- applied especially to the oration which introduces
the exercises of the Commencements, or similar public
exhibitions, in American colleges.
Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n. 1. A place
for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch.
[Obs.]
Milton.
2. (American Colleges) The salutatory
oration.
Sa*lute" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Saluting.] [L.
salutare, salutatum, from salus,
-utis, health, safety. See Salubrious.]
1. To adress, as with expressions of kind wishes
and courtesy; to greet; to hail.
I salute you with this kingly title.
Shak.
2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to
compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc.
You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the
freedom to salute it.
Addison.
3. (Mil. & Naval) To honor, as some day,
person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by
dipping colors, by cheers, etc.
4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to
benefit; to gratify. [Obs.] \'bdIf this
salute my blood a jot.\'b8
Shak.
Sa*lute" (?), n. [Cf. F.
salut. See Salute, v.]
1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes
or respect; salutation; greeting.
2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good
will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc.
Tennyson.
3. (Mil. & Naval) A token of respect or
honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign
vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting
arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping
the colors or the topsails, etc.
Sa*lut"er (?), n. One who
salutes.
Sal`u*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
salutifer; salus, -utis, health
+ ferre to bring.] Bringing health;
healthy; salutary; beneficial; as, salutiferous
air. [R.]
Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous.
Cudworth.
Syn. -- Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.
Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.
Salutarily. [R.]
Sal`va*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness.
[R.]
In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was
not possible outside the communion of the visible
organization.
A. V. G. Allen.
Sal"va*ble (?), a. [L.
salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf.
Savable.] Capable of being saved; admitting
of salvation.
Dr. H. More.
-- Sal"va*ble*ness, n. --
Sal"va*bly, adv.
Sal"vage (?; 48), n. [F.
salvage, OF. salver to save, F.
sauver, fr. L. salvare. See
Save.] 1. The act of saving a
vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from perils of the
sea.
Salvage of life from a british ship, or a foreign
ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of
goods.
Encyc. Brit.
2. (Maritime Law) (a) The
compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving
a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part
of the property that survives the peril and is saved.
Kent. Abbot.
Sal"vage, a. & n. Savage.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Sal*va"tion (?), n. [OE.
salvacioun, sauvacion, F.
salvation, fr. L. salvatio, fr.
salvare to save. See Save.] 1.
The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from
destruction, danger, or great calamity.
2. (Theol.) The redemption of man from
the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the
conferring on him of everlasting happiness.
To earn salvation for the sons of men.
Milton.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation.
2. Cor. vii. 10.
3. Saving power; that which saves.
Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of
the Lord, which he will show to you to-day.
Ex. xiv. 13.
Salvation Army, an organization for
prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially
among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new
sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists,
male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of
the chief being \'bdGeneral.\'b8 They wear a uniform, and in
their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military
style.
Sal*va"tion*ist, n. An evangelist, a
member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.
Sal"va*to*ry (?), n. [LL.
salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.]
A place where things are preserved; a repository.
[R.]
Sir M. Hale.
\'d8Sal"ve (?), interj. [L.,
hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to be well.
Cf. Salvo a volley.] Hail!
Sal"ve (? , v. t. To say
\'bdSalve\'b8 to; to greet; to salute.
[Obs.]
By this that stranger knight in presence came,
And goodly salved them.
Spenser.
Salve (?; 277), n. [AS.
sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D.
zalve, zalf, OHG. salba, Dan.
salve, Sw. salva, Goth. salb
to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) sapris clarified butter.
1. An adhesive composition or substance to be
applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment.
Chaucer.
2. A soothing remedy or antidote.
Counsel or consolation we may bring.
Salve to thy sores.
Milton.
Salve bug (Zo\'94l.), a large,
stout isopod crustacean (\'92ga psora), parasitic on
the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the preparation
of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.
Salve, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Salved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Salving.] [AS. sealfian to
anoint. See Salve, n.] 1.
To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial
traetment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a
wound.
Shak.
2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to
soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or
quibble; to gloss over.
But Ebranck salved both their infamies
With noble deeds.
Spenser.
What may we do, then, to salve this seeming
inconsistence?
Milton.
<-- salve one's conscience. salve one's wounded pride -->
Salve (?), v. t. & i. [See
Salvage] To save, as a ship or goods, from
the perils of the sea. [Recent]
Salv"er (?), n. One who salves,
or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack.
[Obs.]
Sal"ver (?), n. [Cf.
Salvage.] A salvor.
Skeat.
Sal"ver (?), n. [Sp.
salva pregustation, the tasting of viands before they
are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to
prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to
save. See Save.] A tray or waiter on which
anything is presented.
<-- now used mostly in compounds; e.g. tea salver -->
Sal"ver-shaped` (?), a.
(Bot.) Tubular, with a speading border. See
Hypocraterimorphous.
\'d8Sal"vi*a (?), n. [L.,
sage.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including
the sage. See Sage.
Sal*vif"ic (?), a. [L.
salficus saving; salvus saved, safe +
facere to make.] Tending to save or secure
safety. [Obs.]
Sal"vo (?), n.; pl.
Salvos (#). [L. salvo
jure, literally, the right being reserved. See
Safe.] An exception; a reservation; an
excuse.
They admit many salvos, cautions, and
reservations.
Eilon Basilike.
Sal"vo, n. [F. salve a
discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L. salve hail,
imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to
salvus well. See Safe.] 1.
(Mil.) A concentrated fire from pieces of
artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification;
a volley.
2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly
simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.
Sal"vor (?), n. [See
Salvation, Save] (Law)
One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without
being under special obligation to do so.
Wheaton.
Sam (?), adv. [AS.
same. See Same, a.]
Together. [Obs.] \'bdAll in that city
sam.\'b8
Spenser.
Sa*ma"ra (? , n. [L.
samara, samera, the seed of the elm.]
(Bot.) A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded,
winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key
fruit.
Sam"are (?), n. See
Simar.
Sa*mar"i*tan (?), a. [L.
Samaritanus.] Of or pertaining to Samaria,
in Palestine. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of
Samaria.
Sa*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
E. samarskite.] (Chem.) A rare
metallic element of doubtful identity.
samarskite,
cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with other
elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the
donbtful elements decipium, philippium,
etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet
clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight
150.2.<-- a true element. Symb. Sa or Sm; At. No. 62; At.
wt. 150.43. Valence 2 or 3. -->
Sam"a*roid (?; 277), a.
[Samara + -oid.]
(Bot.) Resembling a samara, or winged seed
vessel.
Sa*mar"ra (?), n. See
Simar.
Sa*mar"skite (?), a. [After
Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.) A
rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster.
It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium
metals.
Sam"bo, n. [Sp. zambo,
sambo.] A colloquial or humorous appelation
for a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a
mulatto; a zambo.<-- deprecatory and impolite -->
Sam"boo (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Sumbur.
\'d8Sam*bu"cus (?), n. [L., an
elder tree.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and
trees; the elder.
Sam"buke (?), n. [L.
sambuca, Gr. (Mus.) An
ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the particular
construction of which is unknown.
Sam"bur (?), n. [Hind.
s\'bembar, s\'bebar.]
(Zo\'94l.) An East Indian deer (Rusa
Aristotelis) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have
but three prongs. Called also gerow. The name
is applied to other species of the genus Rusa, as the
Bornean sambur (R. equina).
Same (?), a. [AS.
same. adv.; akin to OS. sama,
samo, adv., OHG. sam, a., sama,
adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme,
samma, Dan. samme, Goth. sama,
Russ. samui, Gr. sama, Gr. simul at the same time, similis
like, and E. some, a., -some. Anomalous, Assemble, Homeopathy,
Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-,
Similar, Some.] 1. Not
different or other; not another or others; identical;
unchanged.
Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no
end.
Ps. cii. 27.
2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the
like; not differing in character or in the quality or qualities
compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like.
The ethereal vigor is in all the same.
Dryden.
3. Just mentioned, or just about to be
mentioned.
What ye know, the same do I know.
Job. xiii. 2.
Do but think how well the same he spends,
Who spends his blood his country to relieve.
Daniel.
Same is commonly preceded by
the, this, or that and is often
used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative
use it is followed by as or with.
Bees like the same odors as we do.
Lubbock.
[He] held the same political opinions with his
illustrious friend.
Macaulay.
Same"li*ness (?), n. Sameness,
2. [R.]
Bayne.
Same"ness, n. 1. The state of
being the same, identity; abscence of difference; near
resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a
sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance,
and the like. \'bdA sameness of the
terms.\'b8
Bp. Horsley.
2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.
Syn. -- Identity; identicalness; oneness.
Sa*mette" (?), n. See
Samite. [Obs.]
Sa"mi*an (?), a. [L.
Samius.] Of or pertaining to the island of
Samos.
Fill high the cup with Samian wine.
Byreon.
Samian earth, a species of clay from Samoa,
formerly used in medicine as an astringent.
Sa"mi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of
Samos.
Sa"mi*el (?; 277), n. [Turk.
sam-yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk.
yel wind. Cf. Simoom.] A hot and
destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey, from the
desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and
the kamsin of Syria.
Sa"mi*ot (?), a. & n. [Cf. F.
samiote.] Samian.
<-- p. 1273 -->
Sa"mite (?), a. [OF.
samit, LL. samitum, examitum,
from LGr. Six, and cf. Dimity.] A
species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with
gold.
Tennyson.
In silken samite she was light arrayed.
Spenser.
Sam"let (?), n. [Cf.
Salmonet.] The parr.
Sam"mi*er (?), n. A machine for
pressing the water from skins in tanning.
Knight.
Sa*mo"an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators'
Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants.
-- n. An inhabitant of the Samoan
Islands.
\'d8Sa"mo*var (?), n. [Russ.
samovar'.] A metal urn used in Russia for
making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal
placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the
urn.
<-- Samoyed. 1. A breed of medium-sized sled dogs, originating
in Siberia, of white or cream color.
2. A Uralic language spoken by the Samoyed people. -->
Sam`oy*edes" (?), n. pl.;
sing. Samoyede (.
(Ethnol.) An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe
which occupies a portion of Northern Russia and a part of
Siberia.<-- also Samoyeds. -->
Samp (?), n. [From American
Indian s\'bepac, saupac, made soft, or
thinned.] An article of food consisting of maize
broken or bruised, which is cooked by by boiling, and usually
eaten with milk; coarse hominy.
\'d8Sam"pan (?), n.
(Naut.) A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen
feet long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a
permanent habitation on the inland waters. [Written
also sanpan.]
Sam"phire (? , n.
[F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See Saint,
and Petrel.] (Bot.) (a) A
fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant
(Crithmum maritimum). It grows among rocks and on
cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles.
Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful
trade!
Scak.
(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia
herbacea); -- called in England marsh
samphire. (c) A seashore shrub
(Borrichia arborescens) of the West Indies.
Golden samphire. See under
Golden.
Sam"ple (?), n. [OE.
sample, asaumple, OF. essample,
example, fr. L. exemplum. See
Example, and cf. Ensample,
Sampler.] 1. Example; pattern.
[Obs.] Spenser. \'bdA sample to
the youngest.\'b8 Shak.
Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight
His sample followed.
Fairfax.
2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or
shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen;
as, goods are often purchased by samples.
I design this but for a sample of what I hope more
fully to discuss.
Woodward.
Syn. -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.
Sam"ple, v. t. 1. To make or
show something similar to; to match.
Bp. Hall.
2. To take or to test a sample or samples of;
as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloth.
Sam"pler (?), n. [See
Exampler, Exemplar.] 1. One
who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples, or
by samples; as, a wool sampler.
2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection
of needlework patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as
samples, or to display the skill of the worker.
Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann
will show you how to make that W you bothered over.
E. E. Hale.
\'d8Sam"shoo, Sam"shu
(, n. [Chinese
san-shao thrice fired.] A spirituous liquor
distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in which boiled
rice has fermented under pressure.
S. W. Williams.
Sam"son (?), n. An Israelite of
Bible record (see Judges xiii.), distinguished for his
great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical
strength.
Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A
strong post resting on the keelson, and supporting a beam of the
keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or
movable pilar carrying a leading block or pulley for various
purposes. Brande & C. (b) In deepwell
boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the
apparatus.
San`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being sanable; sanableness;
curableness.
San"a*ble (?), a. [L.
sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr.
sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]
Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of
remedy.
Syn. -- Remediable; curable; healable.
San"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being
sanable.
Sa*na"tion (?), n. [L.
sanatio. See Sanable.] The act of
healing or curing. [Obs.]
Wiseman.
San"a*tive (?), a. [LL.
sanativus.] Having the power to cure or
heal; healing; tending to heal; sanatory. --
San"a*tive*ness, n.
San`a*to"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See
Sanatory.] An establishment for the treatment
of the sick; a resort for invalids. See
Sanitarium.
San"a*to*ry (?), a. [LL.
sanatorius, fr. L. sa to heal. See
Sanable.] Conducive to health; tending to
cure; healing; curative; sanative.
Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public
health, such as quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc.
De Quincey.
Sanatory and sanitary should
not be confounded. Sanatory signifies conducive
to health, while sanitary has the more general
meaning of pertaining to health.
\'d8San`be*ni"to (?), n. [Sp. &
Pg. sambenito, contr. from L. saccus sack +
benedictus blessed.] 1. Anciently,
a sackcloth coat worn by penitens on being reconciled to the
church.
2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted
with flames, figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been
examined by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment
at the auto-da-f\'82.
{ Sance"-bell" (?), Sanct"te
bell" (?) }, n. See
Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.
Sanc"ti*fi*cate (?), v. t. [L.
sanctificatus, p.p. of sanctificare.]
To sanctify. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
sanctificatio: cf. F.
sanctification.] 1. The act of
sanctifying or making holy; the being sanctified or made holy;
esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the
affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the
world, and exalted to, a supreme love to God; also, the state of
being thus purified or sanctified.
God hath from the baginning chosen you to salvation through
sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the
truth.
2 Thess. ii. 13.
2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart,
for a sacred purpose; consecration.
Bp. Burnet.
Sanc"ti*fied (?), a. Made holy;
also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.
Sanc"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who
sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy Spirit.
Sanc"ti*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sanctified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctifying
(?).] [F. sanctifier, L.
sanctificare; sanctus holy +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and
-fy.] 1. To make sacred or holy; to
set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by
appropriate rites; to hallow.
God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it.
Gen. ii. 3.
Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garnment.
Lev. viii. 30.
2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral
corruption and pollution; to purify.
Sanctify them through thy truth.
John xvii. 17.
3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to
render productive of holiness or piety.
A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as
to make me repent of that unjust act.
Eikon Basilike.
4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness,
inviolability, title to reverence and respect, or the like, to;
to secure from violation; to give sanction to.
The holy man, amazed at what he saw,
Made haste to sanctify the bliss by law.
Dryden.
Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line.
Pope.
Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly (?), adv. In
a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.
Sanc*til"o*quent (?), a. [L.
sanctus holy + loquens, p. pr. of
loqui to speak.] Discoursing on heavenly or
holy things, or in a holy manner.
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al (?), a. [Cf.
LL. sanctimonialis. ] Sanctimonius.
[Obs.]
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [See
Sanctimony.] 1. Possessing
sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly.
Shak.
2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting
saintliness; hypocritically devout or pious. \'bdLike the
sanctimonious pirate.\'b8
Shak.
-- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
Sanc"ti*mo*ny (?), n. [L.
sanctimonia, fr. sanctus holy: cf. OF.
sanctimonie. See Saint.] Holiness;
devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity; especially, outward
or artificial saintliness; assumed or pretended holiness;
hypocritical devoutness.
Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking
with most austere sanctimony she accomplished.
Shak.
Sanc"tion (?), n. [L.
sanctio, from sancire, samctum
to render sacred or inviolable, to fix unalternably: cf. F.
sanction. See Saint.] 1.
Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a
superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of
some other person or body; establishment or furtherance of
anything by authority to it; confirmation; approbation.
The strictest professors of reason have added the
sanction of their testimony.
I. Watts.
2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law,
or authority of another; as, legal
sanctions.
Syn. -- Ratification; authorization; authoruty; countenance;
support.
Sanc"tion, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sanctioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sanctioning.] To give sanction
to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.
Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such
perilous experiments.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.
Sanc"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or giving, sanction.
Sanc"ti*tude (?), a. [L.
sanctitudo.] Holiness; sacredness;
sanctity. [R.]
milton.
Sanc"ti*ty (?), n.; pl.
Sanctities (#). [L.
sanctitas, from sanctus holy. See
Saint.] 1. The state or quality of
being sacred or holy; holiness; saintliness; moral purity;
godliness.
To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed,
narrowly escaped the imputation of irreligion.
Macaulay.
2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious
binding force; as, the sanctity of an
oath.
3. A saint or holy being. [R.]
About him all the sanctities of heaven.
Milton.
Syn. -- Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness;
purity; religiousness;sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under
Religion.
Sanc"tu*a*rize (?), v. t. To
shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Sanc"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Sanctuaries (#). [OE.
seintuare, OF. saintuaire, F.
sanctuaire, fr. L. sanctuarium, from
sanctus sacred, holy. See Saint.]
A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable
site. Hence, specifically: (a) The most
retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of
Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into
which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest,
and he only once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the
most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple at
Jerusalem. (b) (Arch.) The most
sacred part of any religious building, esp. that part of a
Christian church in which the altar is placed. (c)
A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where
divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of
worship. (d) A sacred and inviolable asylum;
a place of refuge and protection; shelter; refuge;
protection.
These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the
privelege of sanctuary.
Milton.
These admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire;
but some relics of it took sanctuary under ground, and
escaped the common destiny.
Dryden.
<-- Wildlife sanctuary, a tract of land set aside
by law for the preservation of wildlife, in which no hunting is
permitted. -->
Sanc"tum (?), n. [L., p.p. of
sanctire to consecrate.] A sacred place;
hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for personal use;
as, an editor's sanctum.
\'d8Sanctum sanctorum [L.] , the
Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as in the Jewish
temple.
Sanc"tus (?), n. [L.
sanctus, p.p. of sancire.]
1. (Eccl.) A part of the Mass, or, in
Protestant churches, a part of the communion service, of which
the first words in Latin are Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus
[Holy, holy, holy]; -- called also
Tersanctus.
2. (Mus.) An anthem composed for these
words.
Sanctus bell, a small bell usually suspended
in a bell cot at the apex of the nave roof, over the chancel
arch, in medi\'91val churches, but a hand bell is now often used;
-- so called because rung at the singing of the
sanctus, at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass,
and again at the elevation of the host. Called also Mass
bell, sacring bell, saints'
bell, sance-bell, sancte
bell.
Sand (?), n. [AS.
sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand,
OHG. sant, Icel. sandr, Dan. & Sw.
sand, Gr. 1. Fine particles
of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust;
comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not
coherent when wet.
That finer matter, called sand, is no other than
very small pebbles.
Woodsward.
2. A single particle of such stone.
[R.]
Shak.
3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or
interval of time; the term or extent of one's life.
The sands are numbered that make up my life.
Shak.
4. pl. Tracts of land consisting of
sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive
tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide. \'bdThe
Libyan sands.\'b8 Milton. \'bdThe
sands o'Dee.\'b8 C. Kingsley.
5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang]
Sand badger (Zo\'94l.), the
Japanese badger (Meles ankuma). -- Sand
bag (a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used
for various purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc.
(b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by
assassins. -- Sand ball, soap mixed with
sand, made into a ball for use at the toilet. -- Sand
bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot
sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are
partially immersed. (b) A bath in which the
body is immersed in hot sand. -- Sand bed, a
thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or artificially;
specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten metal is
run in casting, or from a reducing furnace. -- Sand
birds (Zo\'94l.), a collective name for
numerous species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers,
plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called also shore
birds. -- Sand blast, a process of
engraving and cutting glass and other hard substances by driving
sand against them by a steam jet or otherwise; also, the
apparatus used in the process. -- Sand box.
(a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for
sprinkling paper with sand. (b) A box carried
on locomotives, from which sand runs on the rails in front of the
driving wheel, to prevent slipping. -- Sand-box
tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree
(Hura crepitans). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled
woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud
report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of
Regma. -- Sand bug
(Zo\'94l.), an American anomuran crustacean
(Hippa talpoidea) which burrows in sandy seabeaches.
It is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust.
under Anomura. -- Sand canal
(Zo\'94l.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous
coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the
madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in function.
-- Sand cock (Zo\'94l.), the
redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand
collar. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sand
saucer, below. -- Sand crab.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The lady crab.
(b) A land crab, or ocypodian. -- Sand
crack (Far.), a crack extending downward
from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often
causes lameness. -- Sand cricket
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large
terrestrial crickets of the genus Stenophelmatus and
allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the Western United
States. -- Sand cusk (Zo\'94l.),
any ophidiod fish. See Illust. under
Ophidiod. -- Sand dab
(Zo\'94l.), a small American flounder
(Limanda ferruginea); -- called also rusty
dab. The name is also applied locally to other allied
species. -- Sand darter (Zo\'94l.),
a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (Ammocrypta
pellucida). -- Sand dollar
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small
flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms,
especially Echinarachnius parma of the American
coast. -- Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a
mound or bank of drifted sand. -- Sand eel.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A lant, or launce.
(b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus
Gonorhynchus, having barbels about the mouth. --
Sand flag, sandstone which splits up into
flagstones. -- Sand flea. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds
in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea.
(b) the chigoe. (c) Any leaping
amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or orchestian. See
Beach flea, under Beach. -- Sand
flood, a vast body of sand borne along by the
wind. James Bruce. -- Sand fluke.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The sandnecker.
(b) The European smooth dab (Pleuronectes
microcephalus); -- called also kitt,
marysole, smear dab,
town dab. -- Sand fly
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small
dipterous flies of the genus Simulium, abounding on
sandy shores, especially Simulium nocivum of the
United States. They are very troublesome on account of their
biting habits. Called also no-see-um,
punky, and midge. --
Sand gall (Geol.) See Sand
pipe, below. -- Sand grass
(Bot.), any species of grass which grows in sand;
especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis purpurea) with
numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on
the Atlantic coast. <-- p. 1274 --> -- Sand
grouse (Zo\'94l.), any one of many species
of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and
resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also rock
grouse, rock pigeon, and
ganga. They mostly belong to the genus
Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P.
exustus). The large sand grouse (P. arenarius),
the painted sand grouse (P. fasciatus), and the
pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are also found in
India. See Illust. under Pterocletes. --
Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune. --
Sand-hill crane (Zo\'94l.), the
American brown crane (Grus Mexicana). --
Sand hopper (Zo\'94l.), a beach flea;
an orchestian. -- Sand hornet
(Zo\'94l.), a sand wasp. -- Sand
lark. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small lark
(Alaudala raytal), native of India. (b)
A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the
sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c)
The Australian red-capped dotterel (\'92gialophilus
ruficapillus); -- called also red-necked
plover. -- Sand launce
(Zo\'94l.), a lant, or launce. -- Sand
lizard (Zo\'94l.), a common European lizard
(Lacerta agilis). -- Sand martin
(Zo\'94l.), the bank swallow. -- Sand
mole (Zo\'94l.), the coast rat. --
Sand monitor (Zo\'94l.), a large
Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius) which inhabits dry
localities. -- Sand mouse (Zo\'94l.),
the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand
myrtle. (Bot.) See under
Myrtle. -- Sand partridge
(Zo\'94l.), either of two small Asiatic partridges
of the genus Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the
tarsus is spurless. One species (A. Heeji) inhabits
Palestine and Arabia. The other species (A. Bonhami),
inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee
partridge, and teehoo. --
Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of
different colors on an adhesive surface. -- Sand
pike. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
sauger. (b) The lizard fish. -- Sand
pillar, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling
pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara
and Mongolia. -- Sand pipe (Geol.),
a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in dept,
occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with
gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also sand
gall. -- Sand pride
(Zo\'94l.), a small british lamprey now considered
to be the young of larger species; -- called also sand
prey. -- Sand pump, in artesian
well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom
for raising sand from the well. -- Sand rat
(Zo\'94l.), the pocket gopher. -- Sand
rock, a rock made of cemented sand. -- Sand
runner (Zo\'94l.), the turnstone. --
Sand saucer (Zo\'94l.), the mass of egg
capsules, or o\'94thec\'91, of any mollusk of the genus
Natica and allied genera. It has the shape of a
bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; -- called also
sand collar. -- Sand screw
(Zo\'94l.), an amphipod crustacean
(Lepidactylis arenarius), which burrows in the sandy
seabeaches of Europe and America. -- Sand shark
(Zo\'94l.), an American shark (Odontaspis
littoralis) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United
States; -- called also gray shark, and
dogfish shark. See Illust. under
Remora. -- Sand skink
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Old
World lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the
ocellated sand skink (Seps ocellatus) of
Southern Europe. -- Sand skipper
(Zo\'94l.), a beach flea, or orchestian. --
Sand smelt (Zo\'94l.), a
silverside. -- Sand snake. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing
snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe,
Africa, and Asia, especially E. Jaculus of India and
E. Johnii, used by snake charmers. (b)
Any innocuous South African snake of the genus
Psammophis, especially P. sibilans. --
Sand snipe (Zo\'94l.), the
sandpiper. -- Sand star (Zo\'94l.),
an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle
star. -- Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven
violently by the wind. -- Sand sucker, the
sandnecker. -- Sand swallow
(Zo\'94l.), the bank swallow. See under
Bank. -- Sand tube, a tube made of
sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified
sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite.
(b) (Zo\'94l.) Any tube made of cemented
sand. (c) (Zo\'94l.) In
starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which
connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. --
Sand viper. (Zo\'94l.) See Hognose
snake. -- Sand wasp (Zo\'94l.),
any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects
belonging to the families Pompilid\'91 and
Spherid\'91, which dig burrows in sand. The female
provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes
by stinging, and which serve as food for her young.
Sand (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sanded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Sanding.] 1. To
sprinkle or cover with sand.
2. To drive upon the sand.
[Obs.]
Burton.
3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or
mud.
4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as,
to sand sugar. [Colloq.]
<-- 5. To grind down or make smooth by rubbing with an abrasive
object, esp. with sandpaper; to sand down -->
San"dal (?), n. Same as
Sendal.
Sails of silk and ropes of sandal.
Longfellow.
San"dal, n. Sandalwood. \'bdFans
of sandal.\'b8
Tennyson.
San"dal, n. [F. sandale, L.
sandalium, Gr. sandal.] (a) A kind of shoe
consisting of a sole strapped to the foot; a protection for the
foot, covering its lower surface, but not its upper.
(b) A kind of slipper. (c) An
overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.
San"daled (?), a. 1.
Wearing sandals.
The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet.
Longfellow.
2. Made like a sandal.
San*dal"i*form (?), a.
[Sandal + -form.]
(Bot.) Shaped like a sandal or slipper.
San"dal*wood (?), n. [F.
sandal, santal, fr. Ar.
, or Gr. sa`ntalon; both
ultimately fr. Skr. candana. Cf.
Sanders.] (Bot.) (a) The
highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and
Polynesian tree (Santalum album), and of several other
trees of the same genus, as the Hawaiian Santalum
Freycinetianum and S. pyrularium, the Australian
S. latifolium, etc. The name is extended to several
other kinds of fragrant wood. (b) Any tree of
the genus Santalum, or a tree which yields
sandalwood. (c) The red wood of a kind of
buckthorn, used in Russia for dyeing leather (Rhamnus
Dahuricus).
False sandalwood, the fragrant wood of several
trees not of the genus Santalum, as Ximenia
Americana, Myoporum tenuifolium of Tahiti.
-- Red sandalwood, a heavy, dark red dyewood,
being the heartwood of two leguminous trees of India
(Pterocarpus santalinus, and Adenanthera
pavonina); -- called also red
sanderswood, sanders or
saunders, and
rubywood.
{ San"da*rach, San"da*rac },
(, n. [L. sandaraca, Gr.
1. (Min.) Realgar; red
sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]
2. (Bot. Chem.) A white or yellow resin
obtained from a Barbary tree (Callitris quadrivalvis
or Thuya articulata), and pulverized for pounce; --
probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.
Sand"bag`ger (?), n. An
assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See Sand bag,
under Sand.
Sand"-blind" (?), a. [For
sam blind half blind; AS. s\'bem- half
(akin to semi-) + blind.] Having
defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind.
Shak.
Sand"ed, a. 1. Covered or
sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren.
Thomson.
2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots;
speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound.
Shak.
3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]
San`de*ma"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A follower of Robert Sandeman, a
Scotch sectary of the eighteenth century. See
Glassite.
San`de*ma"ni*an*ism (?), n. The
faith or system of the Sandemanians.
A. Fuller.
San"der*ling (?), n.
[Sand + 0ling. So called because it
obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the
seashore.] (Zo\'94l.) A small gray and
brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very common on
sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also
curwillet, sand lark,
stint, and ruddy
plover.
San"ders (?), n. [See
Sandal.] An old name of sandalwood, now
applied only to the red sandalwood. See under
Sandalwood.
San"ders-blue" (?), n. See
Saundersblue.
San"de*ver (?), n. See
Sandiver. [Obs.]
Sand"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small marine fish of the Pacific
coast of North America (Trichodon trichodon) which
buries itself in the sand.
Sand"glass` (?), n. An
instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See
Hourglass.
Sand"hill`er (?), n. A nickname
given to any \'bdpoor white\'b8 living in the pine woods which
cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina.
[U.S.]
Sand"i*ness (?), n. The quality
or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy color.
Sand"ish, a. Approaching the nature of
sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
San"di*ver (?), n. [Perh. fr.
OF. sa\'8bn grease, fat + de of +
verre glass (cf. Saim), or fr. F. sel de
verre sandiver.] A whitish substance which is
cast up, as a scum, from the materials of glass in fusion, and,
floating on the top, is skimmed off; -- called also
glass gall. [Formerly written
also sandever.]
\'d8San"dix (?), n. [L.
sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color like
vermilion, Gr. A kind of minium, or red
lead, made by calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true
minium. [Written also sandyx.]
[Obs.]
Sand"man` (?), n. A mythical
person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub their eyes as
if there were sand in them.
Sand"neck`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European flounder
(Hippoglossoides limandoides); -- called also
rough dab, long fluke,
sand fluke, and sand
sucker.
Sand"pa`per (?), n. Paper
covered on one side with sand glued fast, -- used for smoothing
and polishing.
Sand"pa`per, v. t. To smooth or polish
with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.
Sand"pi`per (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small
limicoline game birds belonging to Tringa,
Actodromas, Ereunetes, and various allied
genera of the family Tringid\'91.
Tringa maculata), called also
browback, grass snipe, and
jacksnipe; the red-backed, or black-breasted,
sandpiper, or dunlin (T. alpina); the purple sandpiper
(T.maritima: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot
(T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper
(Ereunetes pusillus); the spotted sandpiper, or
teeter-tail (Actitis macularia); the buff-breasted
sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), and the
Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under
Upland. Among the European species are the dunlin, the
knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the common sandpiper
(Actitis, ), called also
fiddler, peeper,
pleeps, weet-weet, and
summer snipe. Some of the small plovers and
tattlers are also called sandpipers.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small lamprey eel; the
pride.
Curlew sandpiper. See under
Curlew. -- Stilt sandpiper. See
under Stilt.
Sand"pit` (?), n. A pit or
excavation from which sand is or has been taken.
San"dre (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A Russian fish (Lucioperca
sandre) which yields a valuable oil, called sandre
oil, used in the preparation of caviare.
Sand"stone` (?), n. A rock made
of sand more or less firmly united. Common or siliceous sandstone
consists mainly of quartz sand.
granitic, argillaceous,
micaceous, etc.
Flexible sandstone (Min.), the
finer-grained variety of itacolumite, which on account of the
scales of mica in the lamination is quite flexible. --
Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive
series of British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one
below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were
formerly known as the Old and the New Red
Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still
retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the
Devonian age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now
little used, some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the
remained as Triassic. See the Chart of
Geology.
Sand"wich (?; 277), n. [Named
from the Earl of Sandwich.] Two pieces of
bread and butter with a thin slice of meat, cheese, or the like,
between them.
<-- 2. Any food composed of two pieces of bread with another food
in between.
3. Any object composed of two layers of one subtance on either
side of a second substance. -->
Sand"wich, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sandwiched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sandwiching.] To make into a
sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert between portions of
something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or things, or
alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.
Sand"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous
species of annelids which burrow in the sand of the
seashore. (b) Any species of annelids of the
genus Sabellaria. They construct firm tubes of
agglutinated sand on rocks and shells, and are sometimes
destructive to oysters. (c) The chigoe, a
species of flea.
Sand"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Arenaria, low, tufted
herbs (order Caryophyllace\'91.)
<-- "of" missing? -->
Sand"y (?), a.
[Compar. Sandier (?);
superl. Sandiest.] [AS.
sandig.] 1. Consisting of,
abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand; covered or
sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy desert, road, or
soil.
2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red
color; as, sandy hair.
\'d8San"dyx (?), n. [L.]
See Sandix.
Sane (?), a. [L.
sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.] 1. Being in a
healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; -- said of
the mind.
2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind;
having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to
anticipate and judge of the effect of one's actions in an
ordinary maner; -- said of persons.
Syn. -- Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.
Sane"ness, n. The state of being sane;
sanity.
Sang (?), imp. of
Sing.
{ \'d8San"ga (?), San"gu
(?) }, n. (Zo\'94l.)
The Abyssinian ox (Bos ),
noted for the great length of its horns. It has a hump on its
back.
San`ga*ree" (?), n. [Sp.
sangria, lit., bleeding, from sangre,
blood, L. sanguis.] Wine and water
sweetened and spiced, -- a favorite West Indian drink.
\'d8Sang`-froid" (?), n. [F.,
cold blood.] Freedom from agitation or excitement of
mind; coolness in trying circumstances; indifference;
calmness.
Burke.
San"gi*ac (?), n. See
Sanjak.
{ San`graal" (?), San"gre*al
(?) }, n. [See Saint, and
Grail.] See Holy Grail, under
Grail.
San*guif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
sanguis blood + -ferous.]
(Physiol.) Conveying blood; as,
sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the arteries,
veins, capillaries.
San`gui*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. sanguification. See Sanguify.]
(Physiol.) The production of blood; the
conversion of the products of digestion into blood;
hematosis.
San"gui*fi`er (?), n. A
producer of blood.
San*guif"lu*ous (?), a. [L.
sanguis blood + fluere to flow.]
Flowing or running with blood.
San"gui*fy (?), v. t. [L.
sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F.
sanguifier.] To produce blood from.
San*guig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
sanguis + -genous.] Producing
blood; as, sanguigenous food.
San`gui*na"ceous (?), n. Of a
blood-red color; sanguine.
\'d8San`gui*na"ri*a (?), n.
[NL. See Sanguinary, a. &
n.] 1. (Bot.) A genus
of plants of the Poppy family.
Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot, is
the only species. It has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a
few roundish lobed leaves and solitary white blossoms in early
spring. See Bloodroot.
2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine
as an emetic, etc.
San"gui*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a
sanguinary manner.
San"gui*na*ri*ness, n. The quality or
state of being sanguinary.
San"gui*na*ry (?), a. [L.
sanguinarius, fr. sanguis blood: cf.
F.sanguinaire.] 1. Attended with
much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a sanguinary
war, contest, or battle.
We may not propagate religion by wars, or by
sanguinary persecutions to force consciences.
Bacon.
2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.
Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary.
Broome.
San"gui*na*ry, n. [L. herba
sanguinaria an herb that stanches blood: cf. F.
sanguinaire. See Sanguinary,
a.] (Bot.) (a) The
yarrow. (b) The Sanguinaria.
<-- p. 1275 -->
San"guine (?), a. [F.
sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr.
sanguis blood. Cf. Sanguineous.]
1. Having the color of blood; red.
Of his complexion he was sanguine.
Chaucer.
Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with
woe.
Milton.
2. Characterized by abundance and active
circulation of blood; as, a sanguine bodily
temperament.
3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine
temper.
4. Anticipating the best; not desponding;
confident; full of hope; as, sanguine of
success.
Syn. -- Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.
San"guine, n. 1. Blood color;
red.
Spenser.
2. Anything of a blood-red, as cloth.
[Obs.]
In sanguine and in pes he clad was all.
Chaucer.
3. (Min.) Bloodstone.
4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon,
1.
San"guine, v. t. To stain with blood; to
impart the color of blood to; to ensanguine.
San"guine*less, a. Destitute of blood;
pale. [R.]
San"guine, adv. In a sanguine
manner.
I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he
does.
Burke.
San"guine*ness, n. The quality of being
sanguine.
San*guin"e*ous (?), a. [L.
sanguineus. See Sanguine.] 1.
Abounding with blood; sanguine.
2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting
blood.
Sir T. Browne.
3. Blood-red; crimson.
Keats.
san*guin"i*ty, n. The quality of being
sanguine; sanguineness.
Swift.
San"gui*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
sanguis + vorare to devour.] Subsisting on
blood.
San*guin"o*len*cy (?), n. The
state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.
San*guin"o*lent (?), a. [L.
sanguinolentus, from sanguis blood: cf. F.
sanguinolent.] Tinged or mingled with
blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent sputa.
San"gui*suge (?), n. [L.
sanguisuga; sanguis blood +
sugere to suck.] (Zo\'94l.) A
bloodsucker, or leech.
San*guiv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
sanguis blood + vorare to devour.]
(Zo\'94l.) Subsisting upon blood; -- said of
certain blood-sucking bats and other animals. See
Vampire.
{ San"he*drin (?), San"he*drim
(?) }, n. [Heb.
sanhedr\'c6n, fr. Gr. Sit.] (Jewish Antiq.)
the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy
members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction
of religious matters.
San"he*drist (?), n. A member
of the sanhedrin.
Schaeffer (Lange's Com. ).
\'d8San"hi*ta (?), n. [Skr.
samhita, properly, combination.] A
collection of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the first
part of each Veda.
San"i*cle (?), n. [F., from L.
sanare to heal.] (Bot.) Any
plant of the umbelliferous genus Sanicula, reputed to
have healing powers.
San"i*dine (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A variety of orthoclase
feldspar common in certain eruptive rocks, as trachyte; -- called
also glassy feldspar.
\'d8Sa"ni*es (?), n. [L.]
(Med.) A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged
from ulcers or foul wounds.
Sa"ni*ous (?), a. [L.
sanious, fr. sanies: cf. F.
sanieux.] 1. (Med.)
pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and
appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; as,
the sanious matter of an ulcer.
2. (med.) Discharging sanies; as, a
sanious ulcer.
San`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.
San`i*ta"ri*an, n. An advocate of
sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in
sanitary measures.
San"i*ta*rist (?), n. A
sanitarian.
San`i*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See
Sanitary.] A health station or retreat; a
sanatorium. \'bdA sanitarium for troops.\'b8
L. Oliphant.
San"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L.
sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire. See
Sanity.] Of or pertaining to health; designed
to secure or preserve health; relating to the preservation or
restoration of health; hygienic; as, sanitary
regulations. See the Note under Sanatory.
Sanitary Commission. See under
Commission.
<-- sanitary napkin, an absorbant pad worn to absorb the
menstrual flow of women. -->
San`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act
of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary conditions; the
preservation of health; the use of sanitary measures;
hygiene.
How much sanitation has advanced during the last
half century.
H. Hartshorne.
San"i*ty (?), n. [L.
saniras, from sanus sound, healthy. See
Sane.] The condition or quality of being
sane; soundness of health of body or mind, especially of the
mind; saneness.
San"jak (?), n. [Turk.
sanj\'beg.] A district or a subvision of a
vilayet. [Turkey]
Sank (?), imp. of
Sink.
\'d8Sank"ha (?), n. [Skr.
a shell.] A chank shell
(Turbinella pyrum); also, a shell bracelet or necklace
made in India from the chank shell.
\'d8Sankh"ya (?), n. A Hindoo
system of philosophy which refers all things to soul and a
rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of three
elements, goodness, passion, and darkness.
Whitworth.
San"nop (s, n.
same as Sannup.
Bancroft.
San"nup (-n, n. A male
Indian; a brave; -- correlative of squaw.
San"ny (?), n. The
sandpiper. [prov. Eng.]
\'d8Sans (s,
prep. [F., from L. sine
without.] Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely
used as an English word. \'bdSans fail.\'b8
Chaucer.
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans
taste, sans everything.
Shak.
San"scrit (?), n. See
Sanskrit.
\'d8Sans`-cu`lotte" (F. ?; E. ,
n. [F., without breeches.] 1.
A fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; -- a name of
reproach given in the first French revolution to the extreme
republican party, who rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to
the upper classes or aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.
2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a
violent revolutionist; a Jacobin.
Sans`-cu*lot"tic (?), a.
pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical;
revolutionary; Jacobinical.
Carlyle.
Sans`-cu*lot"tism (?), n. [F.
sans-culottisme.] Extreme republican
principles; the principles or practice of the
sans-culottes.
San"skrit (?), n. [Skr.
Samsk the Sanskrit language, literally, the
perfect, polished, or classical language, fr.
samsk prepared, wrought, made,excellent,
perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) +
k made. See Same,
Create.] [Written also
Sanscrit.] The ancient language of the
Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to
the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It
is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages
of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect
preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language
from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance
in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit,
and Veda.
San"skrit, a. Of or pertaining to
Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a Sanskrit
dictionary or inscription.
San*skrit"ic (?), a.
Sanskrit.
San"skrit*ist, n. One versed in
Sanskrit.
\'d8Sans`-sou`ci (?), adv.
[F.] Without care; free and easy.
San"tal (?), n.
[Santalum + piperonal.]
(Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance,
isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It is
extracted from sandalwood.
San`ta*la"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (Santalace\'91), of which the genus
Santalum is the type, and which includes the buffalo
nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar
plants of the southern hemisphere.
San*tal"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
sandalwood (Santalum); -- used specifically to
designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red crystalline
dyestuff, which is called also santalin.
San"ta*lin (?), n. [Cf. F.
santaline.] (Chem.) Santalic
acid. See Santalic.
\'d8San"ta*lum (?), n. [NL. See
Sandalwood.] (Bot.) A genus of
trees with entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers.
There are less than a dozen species, occuring from India to
Australia and the Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood.
San`tees" (?), n. pl.; sing.
Santee (. (Ethnol.)
One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to
the Sioux, or Dakotas.
San"ter (?), v. i. See
Saunter.
\'d8San"ton (?), n. [Sp.
santon, augment fr. santo holy, L.
sanctus.] A Turkish saint; a kind of
dervish, regarded by the people as a saint: also, a hermit.
San"to*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of santonic acid.
San*ton"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
acid (distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a
white crystalline substance.
San"to*nin (?), n. [L.
herba santonica, a kind of plant, fr.
Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. santonine.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the
buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It
occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects
to appear as if seen through a yellow glass.
San"to*nin`ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of santoninic acid.
San`to*nin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used
specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state,
but obtained in its salts.
\'d8Sa"o (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any marine annelid of the genus
Hyalin\'91cia, especially H. tubicola of
Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable tube resembling a
quill in color and texture.
Sap (?), n. [AS.
s\'91p; akin to OHG. saf, G.
saft, Icel. safi; of uncertain origin;
possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise,
sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf.
Sapid, Sapient.] 1. The
juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and
descending juices or circulating fluid essential to
nutrition.
crude sap, the
assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes
the elaborated sap suited to the growth of the
plant.
2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop.
[Slang]
Sap ball (Bot.), any large fungus
of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus. -- Sap
green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the
juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus,
or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists.
-- Sap rot, the dry rot. See under
Dry. -- Sap sucker
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small
American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus,
especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker (S. varius)
of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they
puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is
loosely applied to other woodpeckers. -- Sap tube
(Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.
Sap, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Saped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sapping.] [F. saper (cf. Sp.
zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a
sort of scythe, LL. sappa a sort of mattock.]
1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine;
to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by
floods,
Their houses fell upon their household gods.
Dryden.
2. (Mil.) To pierce with saps.
3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to
weaken.
Ring out the grief that saps the mind.
Tennyson.
Sap (?), v. i. To proceed by
mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.
W. P. Craighill.
Both assaults carried on by sapping.
Tatler.
Sap, n. (Mil.) A narrow ditch
or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or
covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions,
etc.
Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about
three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between
the gabions before the parapet is made. -- Sap
roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven
feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls
along before him for protection from the fire of an
enemy.
Sap`a*dil"lo (?), n. See
Sapodila.
Sap"a*jo (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The sapajou.
Sap"a*jou (?), n. [F.
sapajou, sajou, Braz.
sajuassu.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
several species of South American monkeys of the genus
Cebus, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the
species are called also capuchins. The bonnet
sapajou (C. subcristatus), the golden-handed sapajou
(C. chrysopus), and the white-throated sapajou
(C. hypoleucus) are well known species. See
Capuchin.
Sa*pan" wood (?). [Malay
sapang.] (Bot.) A dyewood
yielded by C\'91salpinia Sappan, a thorny leguminous
tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the
original Brazil wood. [Written also sappan
wood.]
Sap"ful (?), a. Abounding in
sap; sappy.
Sap"head` (?), n. A
weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]
Sa*phe"nous (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) (a) Manifest;
-- applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower
limb of man. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the
region of, the saphenous veins; as, the saphenous
nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the broad
fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein
passes.
Sap"id (?), a. [L.
sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F.
sapide. See Sapient, Savor.]
Having the power of affecting the organs of taste;
possessing savor, or flavor.
Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud
with their feet.
Sir T. Browne.
Sa*pid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
sapidit\'82.] The quality or state of being
sapid; taste; savor; savoriness.
Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than
another.
M. S. Lamson.
Sap"id*ness, n. Quality of being sapid;
sapidity.
When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and
relish of the fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return.
Jer. Taylor.
Sa"pi*ence (?), n. [L.
sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See
Sapient..] The quality of being sapient;
wisdom; sageness; knowledge.
Cowper.
Woman, if I might sit beside your feet,
And glean your scattered sapience.
Tennyson.
Sa"pi*ent (?), a. [L.
sapiens, -entis, p.pr. of sapere
to taste to have sense, to know. See Sage,
a.] Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in
irony or contempt.
Where the sapient king
Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse.
Milton.
Syn. -- Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.
Sa`pi*en"tial (?), a. [L.
sapientialis.] Having or affording
wisdom. -- Sa`pi*en"tial*ly,
adv.
The sapiential books of the Old [Testament].
Jer. Taylor.
Sa`pi*en"tious (?), a.
Sapiential. [Obs.]
Sa"pi*ent*ize, v. t. To make
sapient. [R.]
Coleridge.
Sa"pi*ent*ly (?), adv. In a
sapient manner.
Sap`in*da"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of trees and
shrubs (Sapindace\'91), including the (Typical) genus
Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other
genera.
\'d8Sa*pin"dus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.]
(Bot.) A genus of tropical and subtropical trees
with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers. The fruits of some
species are used instead of soap, and their round black seeds are
made into necklaces.
Sap"less (?), a. 1.
Destitute of sap; not juicy.
2. Fig.: Dry, old; husky; withered;
spiritless. \'bdA somewhat sapless
womanhood.\'b8
Lowell.
Now sapless on the verge of death he stands.
Dryden.
sap"ling (?), n. A young
tree.
Shak.
Sap`o*dil"la (?), n. [Sp.
zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo,
Mexican cochit-zapotl. Cf. Sapota.]
(Bot.) A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree
(Achras Sapota); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla
plum. [Written also sapadillo,
sappadilo, sappodilla, and
zapotilla.]
Sapodilla plum (Bot.), the fruit of
Achras Sapota. It is about the size of an ordinary
quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being
of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously
sweet. Called also naseberry. It is eatable
only when it begins to be spotted, and is much used in
desserts.
Sa*pog"e*nin (?), n.
[Saponin + -gen +
in.] (Chem.) A white crystalline
substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.
Sap`o*na"ceous (?), a. [L.
sapo, -onis, soap, of Teutonic origin, and
akin to E. soap. See Soap.]
Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.
Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an
acid and a base, and are in reality a kind of salt.
<-- p. 1276 -->
Sap`o*nac"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being saponaceous.
Sap"o*na*ry (?), a.
Saponaceous.
Boyle.
Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble (?), a.
Capable of conversion into soap; as, a
saponifiable substance.
Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. saponification. See
Saponify.] The act, process, or result, of
soap making; conversion into soap; specifically
(Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other ethereal
salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl
acetate.<-- "ethereal salt" = ester -->
Sa*pon"i*fi`er (?), n.
(Chem.) That which saponifies; any reagent used
to cause saponification.
Sa*pon"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Saponified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saponifying
(?).] [L. sapo,
-onis, soap + -fy: cf. F.
saponifier.] To convert into soap, as
tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to any
similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in
decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl
acetate.
Sap"o*nin (?), n. [L.
sapo, -onis soap: cf. F.
saponine.] (Chem.) A poisonous
glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort
(Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark
(Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphus
powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces
a local an\'91stesia. Formerly called also
struthiin, quilaiin,
senegin, polygalic acid,
etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which
saponin proper is the type.
Sap"o*nite (?), n. [Sw.
saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis,
soap.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of
magnesia and aluminia. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous
masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap
rock.
Sap"o*nul (?), n. [F.
saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis,
soap.] (Old Chem.) A soapy mixture obtained
by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar
compound of an essential oil. [Written also
saponule.] [Obs.]
\'d8Sa"por (?), n. [L. See
Savor.] Power of affecting the organs of
taste; savor; flavor; taste.
There is some sapor in all aliments.
Sir T. Browne.
Sap`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L.
sapor taste + facere to make.]
Having the power to produce the sensation of taste;
producing taste, flavor, or relish.
Sap`o*ros"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of
taste.
Sap"o*rous (?), a. [L.
saporius that relishes well, savory, fr.
sapor taste.] Having flavor or taste;
yielding a taste. [R.]
Bailey.
Sa*po"ta (?), n. [NL., from Sp.
sapote, zapote. See
Sapodilla.] (Bot.) The
sapodilla.
Sap`o*ta"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
(Sapotace\'91) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs,
including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree,
the gutta-percha tree (Isonandra), and the India
mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order
is named.
Sap*pan" wood" (?). Sapan wood.
Sap"pare (?), n. [F.
sappare; -- so called by Saussure.]
(Min.) Kyanite. [Written also
sappar.]
Sap"per (?), n. [Cf. F.
sapeur.] One who saps; specifically
(Mil.), one who is employed in working at saps,
building and repairing fortifications, and the like.
Sap"phic (?), a. [L.
Sapphicus, Gr. 1.
Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as,
Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.
2. (Pros.) Belonging to, or in the
manner of, Sappho; -- said of a certain kind of verse reputed to
have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which
the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a
spondee, and the third a dactyl.
Sap"phic, n. (Pros.) A
Sapphic verse.
Sap"phire (? , n.
[OE. saphir, F. saphir, L.
sapphirus, Gr. sapp\'c6r.] 1. (Min.)
Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide,
Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent
variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.
of rubies, sapphires, and of pearl\'82s white.
Chaucer.
Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and
also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire
is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red
crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under
Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental
amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull
massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used
as a general term to include all varieties). See
Corundum.
2. The color of the gem; bright blue.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Any humming bird of the
genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat
and breast are usually bright blue.
Star sapphire, Asteriated
sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire
which exhibits asterism.
Sap"phire, a. Of or resembling sapphire;
sapphire; blue. \'bdThe sapphire blaze.\'b8
Gray.
Sap"phir*ine (?), n. Resembling
sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of
sapphire. \'bdSapphirine degree of hardness.\'b8
Boyle.
Sap"pho (?), n. [See
Sapphic.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the
genus Sappho, having very bright-colored and deeply
forked tails; -- called also firetail.
Sap"pi*ness (?), n. The quality
of being sappy; juiciness.
Sap`po*dil"la (?), n.
(Bot.) See Sapodilla.
Sap"py (?), a.
[Compar. Sappier (?);
superl. Sappiest.] [From 1st
Sap.]
1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy;
succulent.
2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble.
When he had passed this weak and sapy age.
Hayward.
3. Weak in intellect. [Low]
4. (Bot.) Abounding in sap; resembling,
or consisting lagerly of, sapwood.
Sap"py (?), a. [Written also
sapy.] [Cf. L. sapere to
taste.] Musty; tainted. [Obs.]
Sa*proph"a*gan (?), n. [Gr. saprophage.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of beetles which feed
upon dacaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion
beetle.
Sa*proph"a*gous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Feeding on carrion.
Sap"ro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Any plant
growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and
some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian
pipe.
Sap`ro*phyt"ic (?), a. Feeding
or growing upon decaying anomal or vegetable matter; pertaining
to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.
Sap"sa*go (?), n. [G.
schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape +
zieger a sort of hey.] A kind of Swiss
cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with melilot.
Sap"skull` (?), n. A
saphead. [Low]
Sap`u*ca"ia (?; Pg. , n.
[Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.) A
Brazilian tree. See Lecythis, and
Monkey-pot. [Written also
sapucaya.]
Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of
the sapucaia; -- called also paradise
nut.
Sap"wood` (?), n. (Bot.)
The alburnum, or part of the wood on any exogenous tree next
to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap
flows most freely; -- distinguished from
Heartwood.
Sar"a*ba*te (?), n. [LL.
Saraba\'8btae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.)
One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the
early church.
Sar"a*band (?), n. [F.
sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per.
serbend a song.] A slow Spanish dance of
Saracenic origin, to an air in triple time; also, the air
itself.
She has brought us the newest saraband from the
court of Queen Mab.
Sir W. Scott.
Sar"a*cen (?), n. [l.
Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl.
sharqi\'c6n, Oriental Eastern, fr. sharaga
to rise, said of the sun: cf. F. sarrasin. Cf.
Sarcenet, Sarrasin, Sirocco.]
Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages,
the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan
hostile to the crusaders.
Saracen's consound (Bot.), a kind
of ragewort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to
heal wounds.
{ Sar`a*cen"ic (?),
Sar`a*cen"ic*al (?) }, a.
Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic
architecture. \'bdSaracenic music.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Sar"a*sin (?), n. (Arch.)
See Sarrasin.
\'d8Sa`ras*wa"ti (?), n. [Skr.
Sarasvat\'c6.] (Hind. Myth.) The
sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music,
and poetry.
Sar"casm (?), n. [F.
sarcasme, L. sarcasmu, Gr. A keen, reproachful
expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn
or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest.
The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art
to be a matter of inspiration.
Sir J. Reynolds.
Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.
Sar*cas"mous (?), a.
Sarcastic. [Obs.]
\'bdSarcasmous scandal.\'b8
Hubidras.
{ Sar*cas"tic (?), Sar*cas"tic*al
(?) }, a. Expressing, or expressed
by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm;
given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully
severe; taunting.
What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this
have drawn from the friendship of the world!
South.
Sar*cas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a sarcastic
manner.
Sar"cel (?), n. [OF.
cercel, F. cerceau, L.
circellus, dim. of circulus. See
Circle.] One of the outer pinions or feathers
of the wing of a bird, esp. of a hawk.
Sar"celed (?), a. (her.)
Cut through the middle.
\'d8Sar`celle" (?), n. [F., fr.
L. querquedula.] (Zo\'94l.) The
old squaw, or long-tailed duck.
Sarce"net (?), n. [OF.
sacenet; cf. LL. saracenium cloth made by
Saracens. See Saracen.] A species of fine
thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc. [Written
also sarsenet.]
Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye.
Shak.
Sar"cin (?), n. Same as
Hypoxanthin.
\'d8Sar*ci"na (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Biol.)
A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids,
especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain
diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two
perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in
two directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used
adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a
sarcina group.
Sarcina form (Biol.), the tetrad
form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into
four; -- applied particularly to bacteria. See
micrococcus.
Sar"cle (?), v. t. [F.
sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe,
fr. sarculum hoe.] To weed, or clear of
weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.]
Ainsworth.
Sar"co (?). A combining form from Gr. flesh; as, sarcophagous,
flesh-eating; sarcology.
\'d8Sar*cob"a*sis (?), n.; pl.
Sarcobases (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A fruit
consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which contain but few
seeds and cohere about a common style, as in the mallows.
Sar"co*blast (?), n.
[Sarco- + -blast.]
(Zo\'94l.) A minute yellowish body present in the
interior of certain rhizopods.
Sar"co*carp (?), n.
[Sacro- + Gr. sarcocarpe.] (Bot.) the fleshy
part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and
the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See Illust. of
Endocarp.
M. T. Masters.
Sar"co*cele (?), n. [Gr. sacroc\'8ale.] (Med.) Any solid
tumor of the testicle.
{ Sar"co*col (?), Sar`co*col"la
(?) }, n. [L.
sarcoccolla, from Gr. sacrocolle.] A gum resin obtained
from certain shrubs of Africa (Pen\'91a), -- formerly
thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.
Sar"codo (?), n. [Gr. Sarcoid.]
(Biol.) A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the
gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals;
protoplasm.
{ Sar"co*derm (?),
\'d8sar`co*der"ma (?) }, n.
[NL. sacroderma. See Sarco-, and
Derm.] (Bot.) (a) A
fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and
internal integuments. (b) A sarcocarp.
Sar*cod"ic (? , a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to sarcode.
Sar"coid (?), a. [Gr. Sarcode.] (Biol.) Resembling
flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.
Sar`co*lac"tic (?), a.
[Sarco- + lactic.]
(Physiol. Chem.) relating to muscle and milk;
as, sarcolactic acid. See Lactic
acid, under Lactic.
Sar`co*lem"ma (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr.
(Anat.) The very thin transparent and apparently
homogenous sheath which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the
myolemma.
Sar"co*line (?), a. [Gr. (Min.) Flesh-colored.
{ Sar`co*log"ic (?),
Sar`co*log"ic*al (?) }, a.
Of or pertaining to sarcology.
Sar*col"o*gy (?), n.
[Sarco- + -logy: cf. F.
sarcologie.] That part of anatomy which
treats of the soft parts. It includes myology, angiology,
neurology, and splanchnology.
\'d8Sar*co"ma (?), n.; pl. L.
Sarcomata (# , E. sarcomas
(#). [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A tumor of fleshy
consistence; -- formerly applied to many varieties of tumor, now
restricted to a variety of malignant growth made up of cells
resembling those of fetal development without any proper
intercellular substance.
Sar*com"a*tous (? , a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling
sarcoma.
\'d8Sar*coph"a*ga (?), n. pl.
[NL., neut. pl. See Sarcophagus.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of carnivorous and
insectivorous marsupials including the dasyures and the
opossums.
\'d8Sar*coph"a*ga, n. [NL., frm. sing.
See Sarcophagus.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.
Sar*coph"a*gan (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any animal which eats flesh,
especially any carnivorous marsupial.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any fly of the genus
Sarcophaga.
Sar*coph"a*gous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating;
carnivorous.
Sar*coph"a*gus (?), n.; pl. L.
Sarcophagi (#), E. Sarcophaguses
(#). [L., fr. Gr. Sarcasm.] 1. A species of limestone
used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called
because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies
deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis
Assius, or Assian stone, and is said
to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia.
Holland.
2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of
stone described above; hence, any stone coffin.
3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by
a grave as a memorial.
Sar*coph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. Sarcophagus.] The practice of eating
flesh.
Sar"co*phile (?), n.
[Sacro- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A flesh-eating animal, especially any
one of the carnivorous marsupials.
\'d8sar*gop"tes (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of parasitic mites including
the itch mites.
Sar*cop"tid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus
Sarcoptes and related genera of mites, comprising the
itch mites and mange mites. -- a. Of
or pertaining to the itch mites.
\'d8Sar`co*rham"phi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A division of raptorial birds
composing the vultures.
\'d8Sar`co*sep"tum (?), n.; pl.
Sarcosepta (#). [Sarco-
+ septum.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
mesenteries of an anthozoan.
Sar"co*sin (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in
the decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle
tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.<--
N-Methylglycine, C3H7NO2. -->
\'d8Sar*co"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) Abnormal formation of flesh. (b)
Sarcoma.
Sar*cot"ic (?), a. [Gr. sarcotique.] (Med.)
Producing or promoting the growth of flesh.
[R.] -- n. A sarcotic
medicine. [R.]
Sar"cous (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Fleshy; -- applied to the
minute stryctural elements, called sarcous elements,
or sarcous disks, of which striated muscular fiber is
composed.
Sar`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L.
sarculatio. See Sarcle.] A
weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.
<-- p. 1277 -->
Sard (?), n. [L.
sarda, Gr. sarde. Cf. Sardius.] (Min.)
A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish
red color. See the Note under Chalcedony.
Sar"da*chate (?), n. [L.
sardachates: cf. F. Sardachate. See
Sard, and Agate.] (Min.)
A variety of agate containing sard.
{ Sar"dan (?), Sar"del
(?) }, n. [It.
sardella. See Sardine a fish.]
(Zo\'94l.) A sardine. [Obs.]
Sar"del, n. A precious stone. See
Sardius.
Sar"dine (? , n.
[F. sardine (cf. Sp. sardina,
sarda, It. sardina, sardella),
L. sardina, sarda; cf. Gr. sardinia, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several small species of
herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food,
especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea
pichardus). The California sardine (Clupea
sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic
coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the
menhaden.
Sar"dine (? , n.
See Sardius.
Sar*din"i*an (?), a. [L.
Sardinianus.] Of or pertaining to the
island, kingdom, or people of Sardinia. --
n. A native or inhabitant of
Sardinia.
Sar"di*us (?), n. [L.
sardius, lapis sardinus, Gr. Sard.] A precious stone, probably a
carnelian, one of which was set in Aaron's breastplate.
Ex. xxviii. 17.
Sar"doin (?), n. [Cf. F.
sardoine.] (Min.) Sard;
carnelian.
Sar*do"ni*an (?), a. [Cf. F.
sardonien.] Sardonic.
[Obs.] \'bdWith Sardonian smile.\'b8
Spenser.
Sar*don"ic (?), a. [F.
sardonique, L. sardonius, Gr. Sardinia, Gr. Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence,
derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied
only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety.
Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still,
And grief is forced to laugh against her will.
Sir H. Wotton.
The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody
ruffian.
Burke.
Sardonic grin laugh,
an old medical term for a spasmodic affection of the muscles
of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.
Sar*don"ic, a. Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, a kind of linen made at Colchis.
Sar"do*nyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
Sard, and Onyx.]
(Min.) A variety of onyx consisting of sard and
white chalcedony in alternate layers.
\'d8Sa"ree (?), n. [Hind.
The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. It
consists of a long piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the
middle of the body, a portion being arranged to hang down in
front, and the remainder passed across the bosom over the left
shoulder.
Sar*gas"so (?), n. [Sp.
sargazo seaweed.] (Bot.) The
gulf weed. See under Gulf.
Sargasso Sea, a large tract of the North
Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on the
surface.
\'d8Sar*gas"sum (?), n.
[NL.] A genus of alg\'91 including the gulf
weed.
\'d8Sar"go (?), n. [Sp.
sargo, L. sargus a kind of fish.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of sparoid
fishes belonging to Sargus, Pomodasys, and
related genera; -- called also sar, and
saragu.
\'d8Sa"ri (?), n. Same as
Saree.
\'d8Sa*rigue" (?), n. [F., from
Braz. \'87arigueia, \'87arigueira.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small South American opossum
(Didelphys opossum), having four white spots on the
face.
Sark (?), n. [AS.
serce, syrce, ashirt; akin to Icel.
serkr, Sw. s\'84rk.] A
shirt. [Scot.]
Sark, v. t. (Carp.) To cover
with sarking, or thin boards.
Sar"kin (?), n. [Gr. ( (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Hypoxanthin.
Sark"ing (?), n. [From
Sark shirt.] (Carp.) Thin boards
for shealting, as above the rafters, and under the shingles or
slates, and for similar purposes.
{ Sar"lac (?), Sar"lyk
(?) }, n. [Mongolian
sarlyk.] (Zo\'94l.) The
yak.
{ Sar*ma"tian (?), Sar*mat"ic
(?) }, a. [L.
Sarmaticus.] Of or pertaining to Sarmatia,
or its inhabitants, the ancestors of the Russians und the
Poles.
Sar"ment (?), n. [L.
sarmentum a twig, fr. sarpere to cut off,
to trim: cf. F. sarment.] (Bot.)
A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of the strawbwrry.
See Runner.
Sar`men*ta"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Bearing sarments, or runners, as the
strawberry.
Sar`men*tose" (? , a.
[L. sarmentosus: cf. F. sarmenteux.
See Sarment.] (Bot.) (a)
Long and filiform, and almost naked, or having only leaves
at the joints where it strikes root; as, a
sarmentose stem. (b) Bearing
sarments; sarmentaceous.
Sar*men"tous (?), a.
(Bot.) Sarmentose.
Sarn (?), n. [W.
sarn a causeway, paving.] A pavement or
stepping-stone. [Prov. Eng.]
Johnson.
\'d8Sa"rong (?), n. [Malay
s\'berung.] A sort of petticoat worn by
both sexes in Java and the Malay Archipelago.
Balfour (Cyc. of India)
Sa"ros (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Astron) A Chaldean astronomical
period or cycle, the length of which has been variously estimated
from 3,600 years to 3,600 days, or a little short of 10
years.
Brande & C.
<-- A length of time (6535.82 days, or 18 years 11.32 days,
assuming 4 leap years in that interval), after which the eclipses
of the sun repeat their pattern, but are shifted 120
Sar"plar (?), n. [Cf. LL.
sarplare. See Sarplier.] A large
bale or package of wool, containing eighty tods, or 2,240 pounds,
in weight. [Eng.]
Sar"plier (?), n. [F.
serpilli\'8are; cf. Pr. sargelheira, LL.
serpelleria, serpleria, Catalan
sarpallera, Sp. arpillera.] A
coarse cloth made of hemp, and used for packing goods, etc.
[Written also sarpelere.]
Tyrwhitt.
Sar"po (?), n. [Corruption of
Sp. sapo a toad.] (Zo\'94l.) A
large toadfish the Southern United States and the Gulf of Mexico
(Batrachus tau, var. pardus).
\'d8Sar`ra*ce"ni*a (?), n. [NL.
So named after a Dr. Sarrazin of Quebec.]
(Bot.) A genus of American perrenial herbs
growing in bogs; the American pitcher plant.
Sarracenia purpurea, the sidesaddle flower, is common
at the North; S. flava, rubra,
Drummondii, variolaris, and
psittacina are Southern species. All are
insectivorous, catching and drowning insects in their curious
leaves. See Illust. of Sidesaddle flower, under
Sidesaddle.
{ Sar"ra*sin, Sar"ra*sine }
(?), n. [F. sarrasine, LL.
saracina. See Saracen.]
(Fort.) A portcullis, or herse.
[Written also sarasin.]
Sar"sa (?), n.
Sarsaparilla. [Written also
sarza.]
Sar`sa*pa*ril"la (?), n. [Sp.
zarzaparrilla; zarza a bramble (perhaps fr.
Bisc. zartzia) + parra a vine, or
Parillo, a physician said to have discovered
it.] (Bot.) (a) Any plant of
several tropical American species of Smilax.
(b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants,
used in medicine and in sirups for soda, etc.
Aralia nudicaulis, the
wild sarsaparilla of the United States.
Sar`sa*pa*ril"lin (?), n. See
Parillin.
Sarse (?), n. [F.
sas, OF. saas, LL. setatium, fr.
L. seta a stiff hair.] A fine sieve; a
searce. [Obs.]
Sarse, v. t. To sift through a
sarse. [Obs.]
Sar"sen (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain; perhaps for saracen stone, i.e., a heathen
or pagan stone or monument.] One of the large
sandstone blocks scattered over the English chalk downs; --
called also sarsen stone, and Druid
stone. [Eng.]
Sarse"net (?), n. See
Sarcenet.
Sart (?), n. An assart, or
clearing. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Sar*to"ri*al (?), a. [See
Sartorius.] 1. Of or pertaining to a
tailor or his work.
Our legs skulked under the table as free from
sartorial impertinences as those of the noblest
savages.
Lowell.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
thesartorius muscle.
\'d8Sar*to"ri*us (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. sartor a patcher, tailor, fr.
sarcire, sartum, to patch, mend.]
(Anat.) A muscle of the thigh, called the
tailor's muscle, which arises from the hip bone and is
inserted just below the knee. So named because its contraction
was supposed to produce the position of the legs assumed by the
tailor in sitting.
Sa"rum use` (?). (Ch. of Eng.)
A liturgy, or use, put forth about 1087 by St.
Osmund, bishop of Sarum, based on Anglo-Saxon and
Norman customs.
Sash (?), n. [Pers.
shast a sort of girdle.] A scarf or band
worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or otherwise; a belt; a
girdle, -- worn by women and children as an ornament; also worn
as a badge of distinction by military officers, members of
societies, etc.
Sash, v. t. To adorn with a sash or
scarf.
Burke.
Sash, n. [F. sh a
frame, sash, fr. sh a shrine, reliquary, frame,
L. capsa. See Case a box.] 1.
The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a glazed
window or door, including the narrow bars between the
panes.
2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the
saw is strained and by which it is carried up and down with a
reciprocating motion; -- also called
gate.
French sash, a casement swinging on hinges; --
in distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and
down.
Sash, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sashing.] To furnish with a sash or
sashes; as, to sash a door or a window.
Sash"er*y (?), n. [From 1st
Sash.] A collection of sashes; ornamentation
by means of sashes. [R.]
Distinguished by their sasheries and insignia.
Carlyle.
Sash"oon (?), n. [Etymology
uncertain.] A kind of pad worn on the leg under the
boot. [Obs.]
Nares.
Sa"sin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The Indian antelope (Antilope bezoartica, ), noted for its beauty and swiftness. It has
long, spiral, divergent horns.
{ Sas"sa*by (?), Sas"sa*bye
(?) }, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
large African antelope (Alcelaphus tunata), similar to
the hartbeest, but having its horns regularly curved.
Sas"sa*fras (?), n. [F.
sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso,
sassafras, Sp. sasafras,
salsafras, salsifrax,
salsifragia, saxifragia), fr. L.
saxifraga saxofrage. See Saxifrage.]
(Bot.) An American tree of the Laurel family
(Sassafras officinale); also, the bark of the roots,
which has an aromatic smell and taste.
Australian sassafras, a lofty tree
(Doryophora Sassafras) with aromatic bark and
leaves. -- Chilian sassafras, an aromatic
tree (Laurelia sempervirens). -- New Zealand
sassafras, a similar tree (Laurelia Nov\'91
Zelandi\'91). -- Sassafras nut. See
Pichurim bean. -- Swamp sassafras,
the sweet bay (Magnolia glauca). See
Magnolia.
Sas"sa*nage (?), n. [See
Sarse a sieve.] Stones left after
sifting.
Smart.
Sas`sa*ra"ra (?), n. [Perh. a
corruption of certiorari, the name of a writ.]
A word used to emphasize a statement.
[Obs.]
Out she shall pack, with a sassarara.
Goldsmith.
Sasse (?), n. [D.
sas, fr. F. sas the basin of a
waterfall.] A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make
it more navigable. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Sas"sen*ach (?), n. [Gael.
sasunnach.] A Saxon; an Englishman; a
Lowlander. [Celtic]
Sir W. Scott.
{ Sas"so*lin (?), Sas"so*line
(?) }, n. [From Sasso,
a town in Italy: cf. F. sassolin.]
(Min.) Native boric acid, found in saline
incrustations on the borders of hot springs near Sasso, in the
territory of Florence.
{ Sas"so*rol (?), Sas`so*rol"la
(?) }, n. (Zo\'94l.)
The rock pigeon. See under Pigeon.
Sas"sy bark` (?). (Bot.) The
bark of a West African leguminous tree (Erythrophl\'91um
Guineense, used by the natives as an ordeal poison, and
also medicinally; -- called also mancona
bark.
\'d8Sas"tra (?), n. Same as
Shaster.
Sat (?), imp. of
Sit. [Written also
sate.]
Sa"tan (?), n. [Heb.
sat\'ben an adversary, fr. s\'betan to be
adverse, to persecute: cf. GR. Satan,
Satanas.] The grand adversary of man; The
Devil, or Prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels; the
archfiend.
I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven.
Luke x. 18.
{ Sa*tan"ic (?), Sa*tan"ic*al
(?) }, a. [Cf. F.
satanique, GR. Of or pertaining to
Satan; having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely
malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal.
\'bdSatanic strength.\'b8 \'bdSatanic
host.\'b8
Milton.
Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile,
exults over the character it has ruined.
Dr. T. Dwight.
-- Sa*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Sa*tan"ic*al*ness, n.
Sa"tan*ism (?), n. The evil and
malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical sprit.
[R.]
<-- 2. Worship of satan. -->
Sa"tan*ist, n. A very
wicked-person. [R.]
Granger.
Sa`tan*oph"a*ny (?), n.
[Satan + Gr. An
incarnation of Satan; a being possessed by a demon.
[R.]
O. A. Brownson.
Satch"el (?) n. [OF.
sachel, fr. L. saccellus, dim. of
saccus. See Sack a bag.] A little
sack or bag for carrying papers, books, or small articles of
wearing apparel; a hand bag. [Spelled also
sachel.]
The whining schoolboy with his satchel.
Shak.
Sate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Sating.] [Probably
shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full.
See Satiate.] To satisfy the desire or
appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit.
Crowds of wanderers sated with the business and
pleasure of great cities.
Macaulay.
Sate (?), imp. of
Sit.
But sate an equal guest at every board.
Lowell.
Sat*een" (?), n. [Cf.
Satin.] A kind of dress goods made of cotton
or woolen, with a glossy surface resembling satin.
Sate"less (?), a.
Insatiable. [R.]
Young.
Sat"el*lite (?), n. [F., fr. L.
Stelles, -itis, an attendant.]
1. An attendant attached to a prince or other
powerful person; hence, an obsequious dependent. \'bdThe
satellites of power.\'b8
I. Disraeli.
2. (Astron.) A secondary planet which
revolves about another planet; as, the moon is a
satellite of the earth. See Solar
system, under Solar.
Satellite moth (Zo\'94l.), a
handsome European noctuid moth (Scopelosoma
satellitia).
Sat"el*lite, a. (Anat.)
Situated near; accompanying; as, the satellite
veins, those which accompany the arteries.
Sat`el*li"tions (?), a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, satellites.
[R.]
Cheyne.
Sa"ti*ate (?), a. [L.
satiatus, p. p. of satiare to satisfy, from
sat, satis, enough. See Sad,
a., and cf. Sate.] Filled to
satiety; glutted; sated; -- followed by with or
of. \'bdSatiate of applause.\'b8
Pope.
Sa"ti*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Satiated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Satiating.] 1. To satisfy the
appetite or desire of; tho feed to the full; to furnish enjoyment
to, to the extent of desire; to sate; as, to satiate
appetite or sense.
These [smells] rather woo the sense than satiate
it.
Bacon.
I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they
should be satiated with my blood.
Eikon Basilike.
2. To full beyond matural desire; to gratify to
repletion or loathing; to surfeit; to glut.
3. To saturate. [Obs.]
Sir I. Newton.
Syn. -- To satisfy; sate; suffice; cloy; gorge; overfill;
surfeit; glut. -- Satiate,
Satisfy, Content. These words differ
principally in degree. To Content is to make
contented, even though every desire or appetite is not fully
gratified. To satisfy is to appease fully the longings
of desire. To satiate is to fill so completely that it
is not possible to receive or enjoy more; hence, to overfill; to
cause disgust in.
Content with science in the vale of peace.
Pope.
His whole felicity is endless strife;
No peace, no satisfaction, crowns his life.
Beaumont.
He may be satiated, but not
satisfied.
Norris.
Sa`ti*a"tion (?), n.
Satiety.
Sa*ti"e*ty (?), n. [L.
satietas, from satis, sat,
enough: cf. F. sati\'82t\'82.] The state of
being satiated or glutted; fullness of gratification, either of
the appetite or of any sensual desire; fullness beyond desire; an
excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or loathing;
repletion; satiation.
In all pleasures there is satiety.
Hakewill.
But thy words, with grace divine
Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety.
Milton.
Syn. -- Repletion; satiation; surfeit; cloyment.
<-- p. 1278 -->
Sat"in (?), n. [F.
satin (cf. Pg. setim), fr. It.
setino, from seta silk, L.
saeta, seta, a thick, stiff hair, a
bristle; or possibly ultimately of Chinese origin; cf. Chin.
sz-t\'81n, sz-twan. Cf.
Sateen.] A silk cloth, of a thick, close
texture, and overshot woof, which has a glossy surface.
Cloths of gold and satins rich of hue.
Chaucer.
Denmark satin, a kind of lasting; a stout
worsted stuff, woven with a satin twill, used for women's
shoes. -- Farmer's satin. See under
Farmer. -- Satin bird
(Zo\'94l.), an Australian bower bird. Called also
satin grackle. -- Satin flower
(Bot.) See Honesty, 4. -- Satin
spar. (Min.) (a) A fine fibrous
variety of calcite, having a pearly luster. (b)
A similar variety of gypsum. -- Satin sparrow
(Zo\'94l.), the shining flycatcher (Myiagra
nitida) of Tasmania and Australia. The upper surface of the
male is rich blackish green with a metallic luster. --
Satin stone, satin spar.
Sat`i*net" (?), n. [F., fr.
satin. See Satin.] 1. A
thin kind of satin.
2. A kind of cloth made of cotton warp and woolen
filling, used chiefly for trousers.
sat"in*wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) The hard, lemon-colored, fragrant wood of
an East Indian tree (Chloroxylon Swietnia). It takes a
lustrous finish, and is used in cabinetwork. The name is also
given to the wood of a species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum
Carib\'91um) growing in Florida and the West Indies.
Sat"in*y (?), a. Like or
composed of satin; glossy; as, to have a satiny
appearance; a satiny texture.
Sa"tion (?), n. [L.
satio, fr. serere, satum, to
sow.] A sowing or planting. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Sat"ire (?; in Eng. often ,
n. [L. satira, satura, fr.
satura (sc. lanx) a dish filled with
various kinds of fruits, food composed of various ingredients, a
mixture, a medley, fr. satur full of food, sated, fr.
sat, satis, enough: cf. F.
satire. See Sate, Sad,
a., and cf. Saturate.] 1.
A composition, generally poetical, holding up vice or folly
to reprobation; a keen or severe exposure of what in public or
private morals deserves rebuke; an invective poem; as, the
Satires of Juvenal.
2. Keeness and severity of remark; caustic exposure
to reprobation; trenchant wit; sarcasm.
Syn. -- Lampoon; sarcasm; irony; ridicule; pasquinade;
burlesque; wit; humor.
{ Sa*tir"ic (?), Sa*tir"ic*al
(?) }, a. [L.
satiricus: cf. F. satirique.]
1. Of or pertaining to satire; of the nature of
satire; as, a satiric style.
2. Censorious; severe in language; sarcastic;
insulting. \'bdSatirical rogue.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Cutting; caustic; poignant; sarcastic; ironical;
bitter; reproachful; abusive.
-- Sa*tir"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Sa*tir"ic*al*ness, n.
Sat"ir*ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
satiriste.] One who satirizes; especially,
one who writes satire.
The mighty satirist, who . . . had spread through
the Whig ranks.
Macaulay.
Sat"ir*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Satirized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Satirizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
satiriser.] To make the object of satire;
to attack with satire; to censure with keenness or severe
sarcasm.
It is as hard to satirize well a man of
distinguished vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished
virtues.
Swift.
Sat`is*fac"tion (?), n. [OE.
satisfaccioum, F. satisfaction, fr. L.
satisfactio, fr. satisfacere to satisfy.
See Satisfy.] 1. The act of
satisfying, or the state of being satisfied; gratification of
desire; contentment in possession and enjoyment; repose of mind
resulting from compliance with its desires or demands.
The mind having a power to suspend the execution and
satisfaction of any of its desires.
Locke.
2. Settlement of a claim, due, or demand; payment;
indemnification; adequate compensation.
We shall make full satisfaction.
Shak.
3. That which satisfies or gratifiles;
atonement.
Die he, or justice must; unless or him
Some other, able, and as willing, pay
The rigid satisfaction, death for death.
Milton.
Syn. -- Contentment; content; gratification; pleasure;
recompence; compensation; amends; remuneration; indemnification;
atonement.
Sat`ia*fac"tive (?), a.
Satisfactory. [Obs.]
Satisfactive discernment of fish.
Sir T. Browne.
Sat`is*fac"to*ry (?), a. [Cf.
F. satisfactoire.] 1. Giving or
producing satisfaction; yielding content; especially, relieving
the mind from doubt or uncertainty, and enabling it to rest with
confidence; sufficient; as, a satisfactory account
or explanation.
2. Making amends, indemnification, or recompense;
causing to cease from claims and to rest content; compensating;
atoning; as, to make satisfactory compensation, or a
satisfactory apology.
A most wise and sufficient means of redemption and salvation,
by the satisfactory and meritorius death and obedience
of the incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ.
Bp. Sanderson.
-- Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ty (#),
adv. -- Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness,
n.
Sat"is*fi`a*ble, a. That may be
satisfied.
Sat"is*fi`er (?), n. One who
satisfies.
Sat"is*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Satisfied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Satisfying
(?).] [OF. satisfier; L.
satis enough + -ficare (in comp.) to make;
cf. F. satisfaire, L. satisfacere. See
Sad, a., and Fact.]
1. In general, to fill up the measure of a want of
(a person or a thing); hence, to grafity fully the desire of; to
make content; to supply to the full, or so far as to give
contentment with what is wished for.
Death shall . . . with us two
Be forced to satisfy his ravenous maw.
Milton.
2. To pay to the extent of chaims or deserts; to
give what is due to; as, to satisfy a
creditor.
3. To answer or discharge, as a claim, debt, legal
demand, or the like; to give compensation for; to pay off; to
requitte; as, to satisfy a claim or an
execution.
4. To free from doubrt, suspense, or uncertainty;
to give assurance to; as, to satisfy one's self by
inquiry.
The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in
themselves most firm, solid, and satisfying.
Atterbury.
Syn. -- To satiate; sate; content; grafity; compensate. See
Satiate.
Sat"is*fy (?), v. i. 1.
To give satisfaction; to afford gratification; to leave
nothing to be desire.
2. To make payment or atonement; to atone.
Milton.
Sat"is*fy`ing*ly (?), adv. So
as to satisfy; satisfactorily.
Sa"tive (?), a. [L.
sativus, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]
Sown; propagated by seed. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Sa"tle (?), v. t. & i. To
settle. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sa"trap (? , n. [L.
satrapes, Gr. khsatrap\'bevan ruler: cf. F.
satrape.] The governor of a province in
ancient Persia; hence, a petty autocrat despot.
Sa"trap*al (? , a. Of or
pertaining to a satrap, or a satrapy.
Sa"trap*ess (? , n. A
female satrap.
Sa*trap"ial (?), a.
Satrapal. [R.]
Sa"trap*y (?; 277), n.; pl.
Satrapies (#). [L.
satrapia, satrapea, Gr. satrapie.] The government or jurisdiction
of a satrap; a principality.
Milton.
Sat"su*ma ware" (? . (Fine
Arts) A kind of ornamental hard-glazed pottery made at
Satsuma in Kiushu, one of the Japanese islands.
Sat"u*ra*ble (?; 135), a. [L.
saturabilis: cf. F. saturable.]
Capable of being saturated; admitting of saturation.
-- Sat`u*ra*bil"i*ty (#),
n.
Sat"u*rant (?), a. [L.
saturans, p. pr. See Saturate.]
Impregnating to the full; saturating.
Sat"u*rant, n. 1. (Chem.)
A substance used to neutralize or saturate the affinity of
another substance.
2. (Med.) An antacid, as magnesia, used
to correct acidity of the stomach.
Sat"u*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Saturated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Saturating.] [L. saturatus,
p.p. of saturate to saturate, fr. satur
full of food, sated. See Satire.] 1.
To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or
soaked; to fill fully; to sate.
Innumerable flocks and herbs covered that vast expanse of
emerald meadow saturated with the moisture of the
Atlantic.
Macaulay.
Fill and saturate each kind
With good according to its mind.
Emerson.
2. (Chem.) To satisfy the affinity of;
to cause to become inert by chemical combination with all that it
can hold; as, to saturate phosphorus with
chlorine.
Sat"u*rate (?), p. a. [L.
saturatus, p. p.] Filled to repletion;
saturated; soaked.
Dries his feathers saturate with dew.
Cowper.
The sand beneath our feet is saturate
With blood of martyrs.
Longfellow.
Sat"u*ra`ted (?), a. 1.
Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in solution,
all that is possible; as, saturated garments; a
saturated solution of salt.
2. (Chem.) Having its affinity
satisfied; combined with all it can hold; -- said of certain
atoms, radicals, or compounds; thus, methane is a
saturated compound. Contrasted with
unsaturated.
saturated compound may exchange certain
ingredients for others, but can not take on more without such
exchange.
Saturated color (Optics), a color
not diluted with white; a pure unmixed color, like those of the
spectrum.
Sat`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
saturatio: cf. F. saturation.]
1. The act of saturating, or the state of being
saturating; complete penetration or impregnation.
2. (Chem.) The act, process, or result
of saturating a substance, or of combining it to its fullest
extent.
3. (Optics) Freedom from mixture or
dilution with white; purity; -- said of colors.
saturation of a color is
its relative purity, or freedom from admixture with white.
sat"u*ra`tor (?), n. [L.]
One who, or that which, saturates.
Sat"ur*day (?; 48), n. [OE.
Saterday, AS. S\'91terd\'91g,
S\'91ternd\'91g, S\'91ternesd\'91g,
literally, Saturn's day, fr. L. Saturnus Saturn + AS.
d\'91g day; cf. L. dies Saturni.]
The seventh or last day of the week; the day following
Friday and preceding Sunday.
Sa*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [L.
saturitas, fr. satur full of food,
sated.] The state of being saturated; fullness of
supply. [Obs.]
Warner.
Sa"turn (?), n. [L.
Saturnus, literally, the saower, fr.
serere, satum, to sow. See
Season.] 1. (Roman Myth.)
One of the elder and principal deities, the son of C\'d2lus
and Terra (Heaven and Earth), anf the father of Jupiter. The
corresponding Greek divinity was Kro`nos, later
CHro`nos, Time.
2. (Astron.) One of the planets of the
solar system, next in magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from
the sun. Its diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean
distance from the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of
miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun,
nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a
remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.
<-- more satellites have been discovered. -->
3. (Alchem.) The metal lead.
[Archaic]
Sat`ur*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [L.
See Saturn.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.)
the festival of Saturn, celebrated in December, originally
during one day, but afterward during seven days, as a period of
unrestrained license and merriment for all classes, extending
even to the slaves.
2. Hence: A period or occasion of general licemse,
in which the passions or vices have riotous indulgence.
Sat`ur*na"li*an (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to the Saturnalia.
2. Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity;
riotously merry; dissolute. \'bdSaturnalian
amusement.\'b8
Burke.
Sa*tur"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Saturnius.] 1. (Roman Myth.)
Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the
mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden
age.
2. Hence: Resembling the golden age; distinguished
for peacefulness, happiness, contentment.
Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times.
Pope.
3. (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the
planet Saturn; as, the Saturnian year.
Saturnian verse (Pros.), a meter
employed by early Roman satirists, consisting of three iambics
and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, as in the line:
--
Th
Sa*tur"ni*an, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of large handsome moths
belonging to Saturnia and allied genera. The Luna
moth, polyphemus, and promethea, are examples. They belong to the
Silkworn family, and some are raised for their silk. See
Polyphemus.
Sat`urn*i*cen"tric (?), a.
(Astron.) Appearing as if seen from the center of
the planet Saturn; relating or referred to Saturn as a
center.
Sat"ur*nine (?), a. [L.
Saturnus the god Saturn, also, the planet Saturn: cf.
F. saturnin of or pertaining to lead (Saturn, in old
chemistry, meaning lead),saturnien saturnine,
saturnian. See Saturn.] 1. Born
under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn.
2. Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; -- the opposite of
mercurial; as, a saturnine person or
temper.
Addison.
3. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to lead;
characterized by, or resembling, lead, which was formerly called
Saturn. [Archaic]
Saturnine colic (Med.), lead
colic.
Sat"ur*nism (?), n.
(Med.) Plumbum.
Quain.
Sat"ur*nist (?), n. A person of
a dull, grave, gloomy temperament.
W. browne.
Sa"tyr (?; 277), n. [L.
satyrus, Gr. satyre.]
1. (Class. Myth.) A sylvan deity or
demigod, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized
by riotous merriment and lasciviousness.
Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel,
From the glad sound would not be absent long.
Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of
butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalid\'91.
Their colors are commonly brown and gray, often with ocelli on
the wings. Called also meadow browns.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The orangoutang.
\'d8Sat`y*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. Satyr.] Immoderate venereal
appetite in the male.
Quain.
{ Sa*tyr"ic (?), Sa*tyr"ic*al
(?) }, a. [L.
satyricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to
satyrs; burlesque; as, satyric tragedy.
P. Cyc.
\'d8Sa*tyr"i*on (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. (Bot.) Any one of several
kinds of orchids. [Obs.]
Sau"ba ant` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
South American ant (Ecodoma cephalotes) remarkable for
having two large kinds of workers besides the ordinary ones, and
for the immense size of its formicaries. The sauba ant cuts off
leaves of plants and carries them into its subterranean nests,
and thus often does great damage by defoliating trees and
cultivated plants.<-- a leaf-cutting ant -->
Sauce (?), n. [F., fr. OF.
sausse, LL. salsa, properly, salt pickle,
fr. L. salsus salted, salt, p.p. of salire
to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt, and cf.
Saucer, Souse pickle, Souse to
plunge.] 1. A composition of condiments and
appetizing ingredients eaten with food as a relish; especially, a
dressing for meat or fish or for puddings; as, mint
sauce; sweet sauce, etc.
\'bdPoignant sauce.\'b8
Chaucer.
High sauces and rich spices fetched from the
Indies.
Sir S. Baker.
2. Any garden vegetables eaten with meat.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Forby. Bartlett.
Roots, herbs, vine fruits, and salad flowers . . . they dish
up various ways, and find them very delicious sauce to
their meats, both roasted and boiled, fresh and salt.
Beverly.
3. Stewed or preserved fruit eaten with other food
as a relish; as, apple sauce, cranberry
sauce, etc. [U.S.] \'bdStewed
apple sauce.\'b8
Mrs. Lincoln (Cook Book).
4. Sauciness; impertinence.
[Low.]
Haliwell.
To serve one the same sauce, to retaliate in
the same kind. [Vulgar]
<-- p. 1279 -->
Sauce (?), v. t. [Cf. F.
saucer.] [imp. & p. p.
Sauced (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saucing (.] 1. To
accompany with something intended to give a higher relish; to
supply with appetizing condiments; to season; to flavor.
2. To cause to relish anything, as if with a sauce;
to tickle or gratify, as the palate; to please; to stimulate;
hence, to cover, mingle, or dress, as if with sauce; to make an
application to. [R.]
Earth, yield me roots;
Who seeks for better of thee, sauce his palate
With thy most operant poison!
Shak.
3. To make poignant; to give zest, flavor or
interest to; to set off; to vary and render attractive.
Then fell she to sauce her desires with
threatenings.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. To treat with bitter, pert, or tart language; to
be impudent or sancy to. [Colloq. or Low]
I'll sauce her with bitter words.
Shak.
\'d8Sauce (?), n. [F.]
(Fine Art) A soft crayon for use in stump drawing
or in shading with the stump.
Sauce"-a*lone` (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Bot.) Jack-by-the-hedge. See
under Jack.
Sauce"box` (?), n. [See
Sauce, and Saucy.] A saucy, impudent
person; especially, a pert child.
Saucebox, go, meddle with your lady's fan,
And prate not here!
A. Brewer.
Sauce"pan` (?), n. A small pan
with a handle, in which sauce is prepared over a fire; a
stewpan.
Sau"cer (?), n. [F.
sauci\'8are, from sauce. see
Sauce.] 1. A small pan or vessel in
which sauce was set on a table. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. A small dish, commonly deeper than a plate, in
which a cup is set at table.
3. Something resembling a saucer in shape.
Specifically: (a) A flat, shallow caisson for
raising sunken ships. (b) A shallow socket
for the pivot of a capstan.
<-- Flying saucer, a type of Unidentified Flying
Object, having a biconvex discoid shape; such objects are
occasionally reported to have been sighted, but no example of one
has been reliably shown to exist. They are believed by
ufologists to originate in outer space, but they are generally
presumed to be misinterpretations of ordinary phenomena,
illusions or imaginary objects. Fraudulent photographs
purporting to show flying saucers are published from time to
time. -->
Sau"ci*ly (?), adv. In a saucy
manner; impudently; with impertinent boldness.
Addison.
Sau"ci*ness, n. The quality or state of
being saucy; that which is saucy; impertinent boldness; contempt
of superiors; impudence.
Your sauciness will jest upon my love.
Shak.
Syn. -- Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. see
Impudence.
{ \'d8Sau`cis`son" (?),
Sau`cisse" (?) }, n. [F.,
fr. saucisse sausage. See Sausage.]
1. (Mining or Gun.) A long and slender
pipe or bag, made of cloth well pitched, or of leather, filled
with powder, and used to communicate fire to mines, caissons,
bomb chests, etc.
2. (Fort.) A fascine of more than
ordinary length.
Sau"cy (?), a.
[Compar. Saucier (?);
superl. Sauciest.] [From
Sauce.] 1. Showing impertinent
boldness or pertness; transgressing the rules of decorum;
treating superiors with contempt; impudent; insolent; as, a
saucy fellow.
Am I not protector, saucy priest?
Shak.
2. Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence;
impertinent; as, a saucy eye; saucy
looks.
We then have done you bold and sausy wrongs.
Shak.
Syn. -- Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.
Sauer"kraut` (?), n. [G., fr.
sauer sour + kraut herb, cabbage.]
Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of
its own juice with salt, -- a German dish.
Sauf (?), a. Safe.
[Obs.]
haucer.
Sauf, conj. & prep. Save; except.
[Obs.] \'bdSauf I myself.\'b8
Chaucer.
Sauf"ly, adv. Safely.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sau"ger (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An American fresh-water food fish
(Stizostedion Canadense); -- called also gray
pike, blue pike,
hornfish, land pike,
sand pike, pickering, and
pickerel.
{ Saugh, Sauh (?) },
obs. imp. sing. of
See.
Chaucer.
Sauks (?), n. pl.
(Ethnol.) Same as Sacs.
Saul (?), n. Soul.
[Obs.]
Saul, n. Same as Sal, the
tree.
Sau"le (?), n. A hired mourner
at a funeral. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Sault (?), n. [OF., F.
saut, fr. L. saltus See Salt a
leap.] A rapid in some rivers; as, the
Sault Ste. Marie. [U.S.]
Bartlett.
Saun"ders (?), n. See
Sandress.
Saun"ders-blue` (?), n.
[Corrupted fr. F. cendres bleues blue
ashes.] A kind of color prepared from calcined lapis
lazuli; ultramarine; also, a blue prepared from carbonate of
copper. [Written also
sanders-blue.]
Saun"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Sauntered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sauntering.] [Written also
santer.] [Probably fr. F.
s'aventurer to adventure (one's self), through a
shortened form s'auntrer. See Adventure,
n. & v.] To wander or walk about idly and
in a leisurely or lazy manner; to lounge; to stroll; to
loiter.
One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or saunter
in meadows by the side of a stream.
Masson.
Syn. -- To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.
Saun"ter, n. A sauntering, or a
sauntering place.
That wheel of fops, that saunter of the town.
Young.
Saun"ter*er (?), n. One who
saunters.
Saur (?), n. [Contracted from
Gael. salachar filth, nastiness, fr. salach
nasty, fr. sal filth, refuse.] Soil; dirt;
dirty water; urine from a cowhouse. [Prov.
Eng.]
Sau"rel (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any carangoid fish of the genus
Trachurus, especially T. trachurus, or
T. saurus, of Europe and America, and T.
picturatus of California. Called also
skipjack, and horse
mackarel.
\'d8Sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.,
from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Reptilia formerly established to include the
Lacertilia, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, and other groups. By some
writers the name is restricted to the Lacertilia.
Sau"ri*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to, or of the nature
of, the Sauria. -- n. One of the
Sauria.
Sau"ri*oid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Sauroid.
\'d8Sau"ro*ba*tra"chi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Sauria, and Batrachia.]
(Zo\'94l.) The Urodela.
Sau*rog"na*thous (?), a. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)
Having the bones of the palate arranged as in saurians, the
vomer consisting of two lateral halves, as in the woodpeckers.
(Pici).
Sau"roid (?), a. [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Like or pertaining to the
saurians. (b) Resembling a saurian
superficially; as, a sauroid fish.
Sau`roid*ich"nite (?), n. [See
Sauroid, and Ichnite.]
(Paleon.) The fossil track of a saurian.
\'d8Sau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. -poda.]
(Paleon.) An extinct order of herbivorous
dinosaurs having the feet of a saurian type, instead of birdlike,
as they are in many dinosaurs. It includes the Largest Known land
animals, belonging to Brontosaurus, Camarasaurus, and alied
genera. See Illustration in Appendix.
\'d8Sau*rop"si*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive group of vertebrates,
comprising the reptiles and birds.
\'d8Sau*rop`te*ryg"i*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) Same as Plesiosauria.
\'d8Sau*ru"r\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) An extinct order of birds having a long
vertebrated tail with quills along each side of it.
Arch\'91opteryx is the type. See Arch\'91opteryx, and
Odontornithes.
Sau"ry (?), n.; pl.
Sauries (#). [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A slender marine
fish (Scombresox saurus) of Europe and America. It has
long, thin, beaklike jaws. Called also
billfish, gowdnook,
gawnook, skipper,
skipjack, skopster,
lizard fish, and Egypt
herring.
Sau"sage (?; 48), n. [F.
saucisse, LL. salcitia,
salcicia, fr. salsa. See
Sauce.] 1. An article of food
consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced and highly seasoned, and
inclosed in a cylindrical case or skin usually made of the
prepared intestine of some animal.
2. A saucisson. See Saucisson.
Wilhelm.
Sau"se*flem (?), a. [OF.
saus salt (L. salsus) + flemme
phlegm.] Having a red, pimpled face.
[Obs.] [Written also
sawceflem.]
Chaucer.
Saus"sur*ite (?), n. [F. So
called from M. Saussure.] (Min.)
A tough, compact mineral, of a white, greenish, or grayish
color. It is near zoisite in composition, and in part, at least,
has been produced by the alteration of feldspar.
{ Saut, Saute (?) },
n. An assault. [Obs.]
\'d8Sau`te" (?), p. p. of
Sauter.
C. Owen.
\'d8Sau`ter" (?), v. t. [F.,
properly, to jump.] To fry lightly and quickly, as
meat, by turning ot tossing it over frequently in a hot pan
greased with a little fat.
Sau"ter (?), n. Psalter.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Sau`te*relle (?), n. [F.]
An instrument used by masons and others to trace and form
angles.
Sau`terne" (?), n. [F.]
A white wine made in the district of sauterne,
France.
Sau"trie (?), n.
Psaltery. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Sau`ve*garde" (?), n.
[F.] (Zo\'94l.) The monitor.
Sav"a*ble (?), a. [From
Save. Cf. Salvable.] capable of, or
admitting of, being saved.
In the person prayed for there ought to be the great
disposition of being in a savable condition.
Jer. Taylor.
Sav"a*ble*ness, n. Capability of being
saved.
Sa*va"ci*oun` (?), n.
Salvation. [Obs.]
Sav"age (?; 48), a. [F.
sauvage, OF. salvage, fr. L.
silvaticus belonging to a wood, wild, fr.
silva a wood. See Silvan, and cf.
Sylvatic.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the forest; remote from human abodes and cultivation; in a state
of nature; nature; wild; as, a savage
wilderness.
2. Wild; untamed; uncultivated; as,
savage beasts.
Cornels, and savage berries of the wood.
Dryden.
3. Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as,
savage life; savage manners.
What nation, since the commencement of the Christian era, ever
rose from savage to civilized without
Christianity?
E. D. Griffin.
4. Characterized by cruelty; barbarous; fierce;
ferocious; inhuman; brutal; as, a savage
spirit.
Syn. -- Ferocious; wild; uncultivated; untamed; untaught;
uncivilized; unpolished; rude; brutish; brutal; heathenish;
barbarous; cruel; inhuman; fierce; pitiless; merciless;
unmerciful; atrocious. See Ferocious.
Sav"age, n. 1. A human being in
his native state of rudeness; one who is untaught; uncivilized,
or without cultivation of mind or manners.
2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a
barbarian.
Sav"age (?; 48), v. t. To make
savage. [R.]
Its bloodhounds, savaged by a cross of wolf.
South
Sav"age*ly, adv. In a savage
manner.
Sav"age*ness, n. The state or quality of
being savage.
Wolves and bears, they say,
Casting their savageness aside have done
Like offices of pity.
Shak.
Sav"age*ry (?; 277), n. [F.
sauvagerie.] 1. The state of being
savage; savageness; savagism.
A like work of primeval savagery.
C. Kingsley.
2. An act of cruelty; barbarity.
The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke,
That ever wall-eyed wrath or staring rage
Presented to the tears of soft remorse.
Shak.
3. Wild growth, as of plants.
Shak.
Sav"a*gism (?), n. The state of
being savage; the state of rude, uncivilized men, or of men in
their native wildness and rudeness.
Sav`a*nil"la (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The tarpum. [Local,
U.S.]
Sa*van"na (?), n. [Of American
Indian origin; cf. Sp. sabana, F.
savane.] A tract of level land covered with
the vegetable growth usually found in a damp soil and warm
climate, -- as grass or reeds, -- but destitute of trees.
[Spelt also savannah.]
Savannahs are clear pieces land without woods.
Dampier.
Savanna flower (Bot.), a West
Indian name for several climbing apocyneous plants of the genus
Echites. -- Savanna sparrow
(Zo\'94l.), an American sparrow (Ammodramus
sandwichensis or Passerculus savanna) of which
several varieties are found on grassy plains from Alaska to the
Eastern United States. -- Savanna wattle
(Bot.), a name of two West Indian trees of the
genus Citharexylum.
\'d8Sa`vant" (?), n.; pl.
Savants (F. . [F., fr.
savoir to know, L. sapere. See
Sage, a.] A man of learning; one
versed in literature or science; a person eminent for
acquirements.
Save (?), n. [See Sage
the herb.] The herb sage, or salvia.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Save (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Saved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Saving.]
[OE. saven, sauven, salven,
OF. salver, sauver, F. sauver,
L. salvare, fr. salvus saved, safe. See
Safe, a.] 1. To make
safe; to procure the safety of; to preserve from injury,
destruction, or evil of any kind; to rescue from impending
danger; as, to save a house from the
flames.
God save all this fair company.
Chaucer.
He cried, saying, Lord, save me.
Matt. xiv. 30.
Thou hast . . . quitted all to save
A world from utter loss.
Milton.
2. (Theol.) Specifically, to deliver
from and its penalty; to rescue from a state of condemnation and
spiritual death, and bring into a state of spiritual life.
Christ Jesus came into the world to save
sinners.
1 Tim. i. 15.
3. To keep from being spent or lost; to secure from
waste or expenditure; to lay up; to reserve.
Now save a nation, and now save a groat.
Pope.
4. To rescue from something undesirable or hurtful;
to prevent from doing something; to spare.
I'll save you
That labor, sir. All's now done.
Shak.
5. To hinder from doing, suffering, or happening;
to obviate the necessity of; to prevent; to spare.
Will you not speak to save a lady's blush?
Dryden.
6. To hold possession or use of; to escape loss
of.
Just saving the tide, and putting in a stock of
merit.
Swift.
To save appearance, to preserve a decent
outside; to avoid exposure of a discreditable state of
things.
Syn. -- To preserve; rescue; deliver; protect; spare;
reserve; prevent.
Save, v. i. To avoid unnecessary expense
or expenditure; to prevent waste; to be economical.
Brass ordnance saveth in the quantity of the
material.
Bacon.
Save, prep. [F.
sauf, properly adj., safe. See Safe,
a.] Except; excepting; not including;
leaving out; deducting; reserving; saving.
Five times received I forty stripes save one.
2 Cor. xi. 24.
Syn. -- See Except.
Save, conj. Except; unless.
Save"a*ble (?), a. See
Savable.
Save"-all` (?), n.
[Save + all.] Anything
which saves fragments, or prevents waste or loss.
Specifically: (a) A device in a candlestick to hold
the ends of candles, so that they be burned. (b)
(Naut.) A small sail sometimes set under the foot
of another sail, to catch the wind that would pass under
it.
Totten.
(c) A trough to prevent waste in a paper-making machine.
Sav"e*loy (?), n. [F.
cervelas, It. cervellata, fr.
cervello brain, L. cerebellum, dim. of
cerebrum brain. See Cerebral.] A
kind of dried sausage.
McElrath.
Save"ly (?), adv. Safely.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Save"ment (?), n. The act of
saving. [Obs.]
Sav"er (?), n. One who
saves.
{ Sav"in, Sav"ine (?) },
n. [OE. saveine, AS.
safin\'91, savine, L. sabina
herba. Cf. Sabine.] [Written also
sabine.] (Bot.) (a) A
coniferous shrub (Juniperus Sabina) of Western Asia,
occasionally found also in the northern parts of the United
States and in British America. It is a compact bush, with
dark-colored foliage, and produces small berries having a
glaucous bloom. Its bitter, acrid tops are sometimes used in
medicine for gout, amenorrh\'d2a, etc. (b)
The North American red cedar (Juniperus
Virginiana.)
Sav"ing (?), a. 1. Preserving;
rescuing.
He is the saving strength of his anointed.
Ps. xxviii. 8.
2. Avoiding unnecessary expense or waste; frugal;
not lavish or wasteful; economical; as, a saving
cook.
3. Bringing back in returns or in receipts the sum
expended; incurring no loss, though not gainful; as, a
saving bargain; the ship has made a saving
voyage.
4. Making reservation or exception; as, a
saving clause.
saving is often used with a noun to form
a compound adjective; as, labor-saving,
life-saving, etc.
<-- p. 1280 -->
Sav"ing (?), prep. ; but
properly a participle. With the exception of;
except; excepting; also, without disrespect to.
\'bdSaving your reverence.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdSaving your presence.\'b8 Burns.
None of us put off clothes, saving that every one
put them off for washing.
Neh. iv. 23.
And in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth
saving he that receiveth it.
Rev. ii. 17.
Sav"ing, n. 1. Something kept
from being expended or lost; that which is saved or laid up;
as, the savings of years of economy.
2. Exception; reservation.
Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still
with a saving to honesty.
L'Estrange.
Savings bank, a bank in which savings or
earnings are deposited and put at interest.
Sav"ing*ly, adv. 1. In a saving
manner; with frugality or parsimony.
2. So as to be finally saved from eternal
death.
Savingly born of water and the Spirit.
Waterland.
Sav"ing*ness, n. 1. The quality
of being saving; carefulness not to expend money uselessly;
frugality; parsimony.
Mrs. H. H. Jackson.
2. Tendency to promote salvation.
Johnson.
Sav"ior (?), n. [OE.
saveour, OF. salveor, F.
sauveur, fr. L. salvator to save. See
Save, v.] [Written also
saviour.] 1. One who saves,
preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger.
2. Specifically: The (or our,
your, etc.) Savior, he who brings salvation
to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.
Sav"ior*ess, n. A female savior.
[Written also saviouress.] [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Sa"vor (?), n. [OE.
savour, savor, savur, OF.
savor, savour, F. saveur, fr. L.
sapor, fr. sapere to taste, savor. See
Sage, a., and cf. Sapid,
Insipid, Sapor.] [Written also
savour.] 1. That property of a
thing which affects the organs of taste or smell; taste and odor;
flavor; relish; scent; as, the savor of an orange or
a rose; an ill savor.
I smell sweet savors and I feel soft things.
Shak.
2. Hence, specific flavor or quality;
characteristic property; distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and
the like.
Why is not my life a continual joy, and the savor
of heaven perpetually upon my spirit?
Baxter.
3. Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by
scent. [R.] \'bdBeyond my
savor.\'b8
Herbert.
4. Pleasure; delight; attractiveness.
[Obs.]
She shall no savor have therein but lite.
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.
Sa"vor, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Savored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Savoring.] [Cf. OF.
savorer, F. savourer. See Savor,
n.] [Written also
savour.] 1. To have a particular
smell or taste; -- with of.
2. To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate
the presence or influence; to smack; -- with of.
This savors not much of distraction.
Shak.
I have rejected everything that savors of
party.
Addison.
3. To use the sense of taste.
[Obs.]
By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or savoring,
and feeling.
Chaucer.
Sa"vor, v. t. 1. To perceive by
the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate
the presence of. [R.]
That cuts us off from hope, and savors only
Rancor and pride, impatience and despite.
Milton.
3. To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in;
to relish; to like; to favor. [R.]
Shak.
Sa"vor*i*ly (?), adv. In a
savory manner.
Sa"vor*i*ness, n. The quality of being
savory.
Sa"vor*less, a. Having no savor;
destitute of smell or of taste; insipid.
Sa"vor*ly, a. Savory.
[Obs.]
Sa"vor*ly, adv. In a savory
manner. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Sa"vor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
savoureux, OF. saveros, L.
saporosus. Cf. Saporous, and see
Savor, n.] Having a savor;
savory. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Sa"vor*y (?), a. [From
Savor.] Pleasing to the organs of taste or
smell. [Written also savoury.]
The chewing flocks
Had ta'en their supper on the savory herb.
Milton.
Sa"vor*ry (?), n. [F.
savor\'82e; cf. It. santoreggia,
satureja, L. satureia,]
(Bot.) An aromatic labiate plant (Satireia
hortensis), much used in cooking; -- also called
summer savory. [Written also
savoury.]
Sa*voy" (?), n. [F. chou
de Savoie cabbage of Savoy.] (Bot.) A
variety of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea
major), having curled leaves, -- much cultivated for winter
use.
Sav`oy*ard" (?), n. [F.]
A native or inhabitant of Savoy.
Saw (?), imp. of
See.
Saw, n. [OE. sawe, AS. sagu;
akin to secgan to say. See Say, v.
t. and cf. Saga.]
1. Something said; speech; discourse.
[Obs.] \'bdTo hearken all his sawe.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. A saying; a proverb; a maxim.
His champions are the prophets and apostles,
His weapons holy saws of sacred writ.
Shak.
3. Dictate; command; decree.
[Obs.]
[Love] rules the creatures by his powerful saw.
Spenser.
Saw, n. [OE. sawe, AS.
sage; akin to D. zaag, G.
s\'84ge, OHG. sega, saga, Dan.
sav, sw. s\'86g, Icel. s\'94g,
L. secare to cut, securis ax,
secula sickle. Cf. Scythe, Sickle,
Section, Sedge.] An instrument for
cutting or dividing substances, as wood, iron, etc., consisting
of a thin blade, or plate, of steel, with a series of sharp teeth
on the edge, which remove successive portions of the material by
cutting and tearing.
Saw is frequently used adjectively, or as
the first part of a compound.
Band saw, Crosscut saw,
etc. See under Band, Crosscut,
etc. -- Circular saw, a disk of steel with
saw teeth upon its periphery, and revolved on an arbor. --
Saw bench, a bench or table with a flat top for
for sawing, especially with a circular saw which projects above
the table. -- Saw file, a three-cornered
file, such as is used for sharpening saw teeth. -- Saw
frame, the frame or sash in a sawmill, in which the
saw, or gang of saws, is held. -- Saw gate, a
saw frame. -- Saw gin, the form of cotton gin
invented by Eli Whitney, in which the cotton fibers are drawn, by
the teeth, of a set of revolving circular saws, through a wire
grating which is too fine for the seeds to pass. -- Saw
grass (Bot.), any one of certain cyperaceous
plants having the edges of the leaves set with minute sharp
teeth, especially the Cladium effusum of the Southern
United States. Cf. Razor grass, under
Razor. -- Saw log, a log of suitable
size for sawing into lumber. -- Saw mandrel,
a mandrel on which a circular saw is fastened for
running. -- Saw pit, a pit over which timbor
is sawed by two men, one standing below the timber and the other
above. Mortimer. -- Saw sharpener
(Zo\'94l.), the great titmouse; -- so named from
its harsh call note. [Prov. Eng.] -- Saw
whetter (Zo\'94l.), the marsh titmouse
(Parus palustris); -- so named from its call
note. [Prov. Eng.] -- Scroll saw,
a ribbon of steel with saw teeth upon one edge, stretched in
a frame and adapted for sawing curved outlines; also, a machine
in which such a saw is worked by foot or power.
Saw (?), v. t.
[imp. Sawed (?); p.
p. Sawed Sawn (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Sawing.]
1. To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw;
as, to saw timber or marble.
2. To form by cutting with a saw; as, to
saw boards or planks, that is, to saw logs or timber
into boards or planks; to saw shingles; to saw
out a panel.
3. Also used figuratively; as, to saw
the air.
Saw, v. i. 1. To use a saw; to
practice sawing; as, a man saws well.
2. To cut, as a saw; as, the saw or mill
saws fast.
3. To be cut with a saw; as, the timber
saws smoothly.
Sa*war"ra nut` (?). See Souari
nut.
Saw"bel`ly (?), n. The
alewife. [Local, U.S.]
Saw"bill` (?), n. The
merganser. [Prov. Eng.]
Saw"bones` (?), n. A nickname
for a surgeon.
Saw"buck` (?), n. A
sawhorse.
<-- 2. A ten-dollar bill [Colloq., from the Roman X for ten].
double sawbuck, a twenty-dollar bill -->
SAw"ce*flem (?), a. See
Sauseflem. [Obs.]
Saw"der (?), n. A corrupt
spelling and pronunciation of solder.
Soft sawder, seductive praise; flattery;
blarney. [Slang]
Saw"dust` (?), n. Dust or small
fragments of wood 9or of stone, etc.) made by the cutting of a
saw.
Saw"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of
elasmobranch fishes of the genus Pristis. They have a
sharklike form, but are more nearly allied to the rays. The
flattened and much elongated snout has a row of stout toothlike
structures inserted along each edge, forming a sawlike organ with
which it mutilates or kills its prey.
Saw"fly` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of
hymenopterous insects belonging to the family
Tenthredinid\'91. The female usually has an ovipositor
containing a pair of sawlike organs with which she makes
incisions in the leaves or stems of plants in which to lay the
eggs. The larv\'91 resemble those of Lepidoptera.
Saw"horse` (?), n. A kind of
rack, shaped like a double St. Andrew's cross, on which sticks of
wood are laid for sawing by hand; -- called also
buck, and sawbuck.
Saw"mill` (?), n. A mill for
sawing, especially one for sawing timber or lumber.
Saw"neb` (?), n. A
merganser. [Prov. Eng.]
Saw" pal*met"to. See under Palmetto.
Saw"-set` (?), n. An instrument
used to set or turn the teeth of a saw a little sidewise, that
they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the
blade, to prevent friction; -- called also
saw-wrest.
Saw"tooth` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An arctic seal (Lobodon
carcinophaga), having the molars serrated; -- called also
crabeating seal.
Saw"-toothed" (?), a. Having a
tooth or teeth like those of a saw; serrate.
Saw"try (?), n. A
psaltery. [Obs.]
Dryden.
saw"-whet` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small North American owl
(Nyctale Acadica), destitute of ear tufts and having
feathered toes; -- called also Acadian
owl.
Saw"-wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the composite genus Serratula; -- so
named from the serrated leaves of most of the species.
Saw"-wrest` (?), n. See
Saw-set.
Saw"yer (?), n. [Saw
+ -yer, as in lawyer. Cf. Sawer.]
1. One whose occupation is to saw timber into
planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel; a sawer.
2. A tree which has fallen into a stream so that
its branches project above the surface, rising and falling with a
rocking or swaying motion in the current.
[U.S.]
3. (Zo\'94l.) The bowfin.
[Local, U.S.]
Sax (?), n. [AS.
seax a knife.] A kind of chopping
instrument for trimming the edges of roofing slates.
Sax"a*tile (?), a. [L.
saxatilis, fr. saxum a rock: cf. F.
saxalite.] Of or pertaining to rocks;
living among rocks; as, a saxatile plant.
Sax"horn` (?), n. (Mus.)
A name given to a numerous family of brass wind instruments
with valves, invented by Antoine Joseph Sax (known as
Adolphe Sax), of Belgium and Paris, and much used in military
bands and in orchestras.
Sax`i*ca"va (?), n.; pl. E.
saxicavas (#), L. Saxicav\'91
(#). [NL. See Saxicavous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of marine bivalve shells
of the genus Saxicava. Some of the species are noted
for their power of boring holes in limestone and similar
rocks.
Sax`i*ca"vid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
saxicavas. -- n. A
saxicava.
Sax`i*ca"vous (?), a. [L.
saxum rock + cavare to make hollow, fr.
cavus hollow: cf. F. saxicave.]
(Zo\'94l.) Boring, or hollowing out, rocks; --
said of certain mollusks which live in holes which they burrow in
rocks. See Illust. of Lithodomus.
Sax*ic"o*line (?), a. [L.
saxum a rock + colere to inhabit.]
(Zo\'94l.) Stone-inhabiting; pertaining to, or
having the characteristics of, the stonechats.
Sax*ic"o*lous (?), a. [See
Saxicoline.] (Bot.) Growing on
rocks.
\'d8Sax*if"ra*ga (?), n. [L.,
saxifrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)
A genus of exogenous polypetalous plants, embracing about
one hundred and eighty species. See Saxifrage.
Sax`i*fra*ga"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (Saxifragace\'91) of which saxifrage is the
type. The order includes also the alum root, the hydrangeas, the
mock orange, currants and gooseberries, and many other
plants.
Sax*if"ra*gant (?), a. [See
Saxifrage.] Breaking or destroying stones;
saxifragous. [R.] -- n.
That which breaks or destroys stones.
[R.]
Sax"i*frage (?; 48), n. [L.
saxifraga, from saxifragus stone-breaking;
saxum rock + frangere to break: cf. F.
saxifrage. See Fracture, and cf.
Sassafras, Saxon.] (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, mostly
perennial herbs growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous
regions.
Burnet saxifrage, a European umbelliferous
plant (Pimpinella Saxifraga). -- Golden
saxifrage, a low half-sacculent herb
(Chrysosplenium oppositifolium) growing in rivulets in
Europe; also, C. Americanum, common in the United
States. See also under Golden. -- Meadow
saxifrage, or Pepper saxifrage. See
under Meadow.
Sax*if"ra*gous (?), a. [L.
saxifragus: cf. F. saxifrage. See
Saxifrage.] Dissolving stone, especially
dissolving stone in the bladder.
Sax"on (?), n. [l.
Saxo, pl. Saxones, from the Saxon national
name; cf. AS. pl. Seaxe, Seaxan, fr.
seax a knife, a short sword, a dagger (akin to OHG.
sahs, and perhaps to L. saxum rock, stone,
knives being originally made of stone); and cf. G.
Sachse, pl. Sachsen. Cf.
Saxifrage.] 1. (a) One of a
nation or people who formerly dwelt in the nothern part of
Germany, and who, with other Teutonic tribes, invaded and
conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries.
(b) Also used in the sense of
Anglo-Saxon. (c) A native or
inhabitant of modern Saxony.
2. The language of the Saxons; Anglo-Saxon.
old Saxon, the saxon of the continent of
Europe in the old form of the language, as shown particularly in
the \'bdHeliand\'b8, a metrical narration of the gospel history
preserved in manuscripts of the 9th century.
Sax"on, a. Of or pertaining to the
Saxons, their country, or their language. (b)
Anglo-Saxon. (c) Of or pertaining to
Saxony or its inhabitants.
Saxon blue (Dyeing), a deep blue
liquid used in dyeing, and obtained by dissolving indigo in
concentrated sulphuric acid. Brande & C. --
Saxon green (Dyeing), a green color
produced by dyeing with yellow upon a ground of Saxon
blue.
Sax*on"ic (?), a. relating to
the saxons or Anglo-Saxons.
Sax"on*ism (?), n. An idiom of
the Saxon or Anglo-Saxon language.
T. Warton.
Sax"on*ist, n. One versed in the Saxon
language.
Sax"on*ite (?), n. (Min.)
See Mountain soap, under
Mountain.
Sax"o*phone (?), n. [A.A.J.
Sax, the inventor (see Saxhorn) + Gr. (Mus.) A wind instrument of brass,
containing a reed, and partaking of the qualities both of a brass
instrument and of a clarinet.
Sax"-tu`ba (?), n. [See
Saxhorn, and Tube.] (Mus.)
A powerful instrument of brass, curved somewhat like the
Roman buccina, or tuba.
<-- p. 1281 -->
Say (?), obs. imp.
of See. Saw.
Chaucer.
Say (?), n. [Aphetic form of
assay.] 1. Trial by sample; assay;
sample; specimen; smack. [Obs.]
if those principal works of God . . . be but certain tastes
and saus, as if were, of that final benefit.
Hooker.
Thy tongue some say of breeding breathes.
Shak.
2. Tried quality; temper; proof.
[Obs.]
he found a sword of better say.
Spenser.
3. Essay; trial; attempt. [Obs.]
To give a say at, to attempt.
B. Jonson.
Say, v. t. To try; to assay.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Say, n. [OE. saie, F.
saie, fr. L. saga, equiv. to
sagum, sagus, a coarse woolen mantle; cf.
Gr. Sagum.] 1. A kind of
silk or satin. [Obs.]
Thou say, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord!
Shak.
2. A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth.
[Obs.]
His garment neither was of silk nor say.
Spenser.
Say, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Said (?), contracted from
sayed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saying.] [OE. seggen,
seyen, siggen, sayen,
sayn, AS. secgan; akin to OS.
seggian, D. zeggen, LG. seggen,
OHG. sag, G. sagen, Icel.
segja, Sw. s\'84ga, Dan. sige,
Lith. sakyti; cf. OL. insece teil, relate,
Gr. Saga, Saw a
saying.] 1. To utter or express in words; to
tell; to speak; to declare; as, he said many wise
things.
Arise, and say how thou camest here.
Shak.
2. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce;
as, to say a lesson.
Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated
In what thou hadst to say?
Shak.
After which shall be said or sung the following
hymn.
Bk. of Com. Prayer.
3. To announce as a decision or opinion; to state
positively; to assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure
about; to be determined in mind as to.
But what it is, hard is to say.
Milton.
4. To mention or suggest as an estimate,
hypothesis, or approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the
imperative, followed sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he
had, say fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run,
say ten miles.
Say, for nonpayment that the debt should double,
Is twenty hundred kisses such a trouble?
Shak.
It is said, They say,
it is commonly reported; it is rumored; people assert or
maintain. -- That is to say, that is; in
other words; otherwise.
Say, v. i. To speak; to express an
opinion; to make answer; to reply.
You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the
forest judge.
Shak.
To this argument we shall soon have said; for what
concerns it us to hear a husband divulge his household
privacies?
Milton.
Say, n. [From Say, v.
t.; cf. Saw a saying.] A speech;
something said; an expression of opinion; a current story; a
maxim or proverb. [Archaic or Colloq.]
He no sooner said out his say, but up rises a
cunning snap.
L'Estrange.
That strange palmer's boding say,
That fell so ominous and drear
Full on the object of his fear.
Sir W. Scott.
Say"er (?), n. One who says; an
utterer.
Mr. Curran was something much better than a sayer
of smart sayings.
Jeffrey.
Sa*yette" (?), n. [F. Cf.
Say a kind of serge.] A mixed stuff, called
also sagathy. See Sagathy.
Say"ing (?), n. That which is
said; a declaration; a statement, especially a proverbial one; an
aphorism; a proverb.
Many are the sayings of the wise,
In ancient and in modern books enrolled.
Milton.
Syn. -- Declaration; speech; adage; maxim; aphorism;
apothegm; saw; proverb; byword.
Say"man (?), n. [Say
sample + man.] One who assays.
[Obs.]
Say"mas`ter (?), n. A master of
assay; one who tries or proves. [Obs.]
\'bdGreat saymaster of state.\'b8
D. Jonson.
Saynd (?), obs. p. p. of
Senge, to singe.
Chaucer.
'Sblood (?), interj. An
abbreviation of God's blood; -- used as an oath.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Scab (?), n. [OE.
scab, scabbe, shabbe; cf. AS.
sc\'91b, sceabb, scebb, Dan. &
Sw. skab, and also L. scabies, tr.
scabere to scratch, akin to E. shave. See
Shave, and cf. Shab, Shabby.]
1. An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or
pustule, formed by the drying up of the discharge from the
diseased part.
2. The itch in man; also, the scurvy.
[Colloq. or Obs.]
3. The mange, esp. when it appears on sheep.
Chaucer.
4. A disease of potatoes producing pits in their
surface, caused by a minute fungus (Tiburcinia
Scabies).
5. (Founding) A slight iregular
protuberance which defaces the surface of a casting, caused by
the breaking away of a part of the mold.
6. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow.
[Low]
Shak.
7. A nickname for a workman who engages for lower
wages than are fixed by the trades unions; also, for one who
takes the place of a workman on a strike.
[Cant]
Scab, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Scabbed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scabbing.] To become covered
with a scab; as, the wound scabbed over.
<-- 2. To take the place of a striking worker. -->
Scab"bard (?), n. [OE.
scaubert, scauberk, OF.
escaubers, escauberz, pl., scabbards,
probably of German or Scan. origin; cf. Icel.
sk\'belpr scabbard, and G. bergen to
conceal. Cf. Hauberk.] The case in which the
blade of a sword, dagger, etc., is kept; a sheath.
Nor in thy scabbard sheathe that famous blade.
Fairfax.
Scabbard fish (Zo\'94l.), a long,
compressed, silver-colored t\'91nioid fish (Lepidopus
caudatus, ), found on the European coasts, and
more abundantly about New Zealand, where it is called
frostfish and considered an excellent food
fish.
Scab"bard (?), v. t. To put in
a scabbard.
Scab"bard plane` (?). See Scaleboard
plane, under Scaleboard.
Scab"bed (? , a. 1.
Abounding with scabs; diseased with scabs.
2. Fig.: Mean; paltry; vile; worthless.
Bacon.
Scab"bed*ness (?), n.
Scabbiness.
Scab"bi*ly (?), adv. In a
scabby manner.
Scab"bi*ness, n. The quality or state of
being scabby.
Scab"ble (?), v. t. See
Scapple.
Scab"by (?), a.
[Compar. Scabbier (;
superl. Scabbiest.] 1.
Affected with scabs; full of scabs.
2. Diseased with the scab, or mange; mangy.
Swift.
\'d8Sca"bi*es (?), n.
(Med.) The itch.
Sca"bi*ous (?), a. [L.
scabious, from scabies the scab: cf. F.
scabieux.] Consisting of scabs; rough;
itchy; leprous; as, scabious eruptions.
Arbuthnot.
Sca"bi*ous, n. [Cf. F.
scabieuse. See Scabious, a.]
(Bot.) Any plant of the genus
Scabiosa, several of the species of which are common
in Europe. They resemble the Composit\'91, and have
similar heads of flowers, but the anthers are not
connected.
Sweet scabious (a) Mourning
bride. (b) A daisylike plant (Erigeron
annuus) having a stout branching stem.
Scab"ling (?), n. [See
Scapple.] A fragment or chip of stone.
[Written also scabline.]
Sca*bred"i*ty (?), n. [L.
scabredo, fr. scaber rough.] Roughness;
ruggedness. [Obs.]
Burton.
Sca"brous (?), a. [L.
scabrosus, fr. scaber rough: cf. F.
scabreux.] 1. Rough to the touch,
like a file; having small raised dots, scales, or points; scabby;
scurfy; scaly.
Arbuthnot.
2. Fig.: Harsh; unmusical. [R.]
His verse is scabrous and hobbling.
Dryden.
Sca"brous*ness, n. The quality of being
scabrous.
Scab"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
Elecampane.
Scad (?), n. [Gael. & ir.
sgadan a herring.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A small carangoid fish (Trachurus
saurus) abundant on the European coast, and less common on
the American. The name is applied also to several allied
species. (b) The goggler; -- called also
big-eyed scad. See Goggler.
(c) The friar skate. [Scot.]
(d) The cigar fish, or round robin.
Scaf"fold (?), n. [OF.
eschafault, eschafaut, escafaut,
escadafaut, F. \'82chafaud; probably
oiginally the same word as E. & F. catafalque, It.
catafafalco. See Catafalque.]
1. A temporary structure of timber, boards, etc.,
for various purposes, as for supporting workmen and materials in
building, for exhibiting a spectacle upon, for holding the
spectators at a show, etc.
Pardon, gentles all,
The flat, unraised spirits that have dared
On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth
So great an object.
Shak.
2. Specifically, a stage or elevated platform for
the execution of a criminal; as, to die on the
scaffold.
That a scaffold of execution should grow a scaffold
of coronation.
Sir P. Sidney.
3. (Metal.) An accumulation of adherent,
partly fused material forming a shelf, or dome-shaped
obstruction, above the tuy\'8ares in a blast furnace.
Scaf"fold, v. t. To furnish or uphold
with a scaffold.
Scaf"fold*age (?), n. A
scaffold. [R.]
Shak.
Scaf"fold*ing, n. 1. A
scaffold; a supporting framework; as, the
scaffolding of the body.
Pope.
2. Materials for building scaffolds.
Scagl"ia (?), n. [It.
scaglia a scale, a shell, a ship of marble.]
A reddish variety of limestone.
Scagl*io"la (?), n. [It.
scagliuola, dim. of scaglia. See
Scaglia.] An imitation of any veined and
ornamental stone, as marble, formed by a substratum of finely
ground gypsum mixed with glue, the surface of which, while soft,
is variegated with splinters of marble, spar, granite, etc., and
subsequently colored and polished.
\'d8Sca"la (?), n.; pl.
Scal\'91 (#). [L., a
ladder.] 1. (Surg.) A machine
formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
2. (Anat.) A term applied to any one of
the three canals of the cochlea.
Scal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being scaled.
{ Sca*lade" (?), Sca*la"do
(?) }, n. (Mil.) See
Escalade.
Fairfax.
Sca"lar (?), n. (Math.)
In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude,
but not direction; -- distinguished from a vector,
which has both magnitude and direction.
\'d8Sca*la"ri*a (?), n. [L.,
flight of steps.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of marine gastropods of the genus
Scalaria, or family Scalarid\'91, having
elongated spiral turreted shells, with rounded whorls, usually
crossed by ribs or varices. The color is generally white or pale.
Called also ladder shell, and
wentletrap. See Ptenoglossa, and
Wentletrap.
Sca*lar"i*form (?), a. [L.
scalare, scalaria, staircase, ladder +
-form: cf. F. scalariforme.]
1. Resembling a ladder in form or appearance;
having transverse bars or markings like the rounds of a ladder;
as, the scalariform cells and scalariform
pits in some plants.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to a
scalaria.
Sca"la*ry (?), a. [L.
scalaris, fr. scale, pl. scala,
staircase, ladder.] Resembling a ladder; formed with
steps. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Scal"a*wag (?), n. A scamp; a
scapegrace. [Spelt also
scallawag.] [Slang, U.S.]
Bartlett.
Scald (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scaled; p. pr.
& vb. n. Scalding.] [OF.
eschalder, eschauder, escauder,
F. \'82chauder, fr. L. excaldare; ex +
caldus, calidus, warm, hot. See Ex, and
Calderon.] 1. To burn with hot
liquid or steam; to pain or injure by contact with, or imersion
in, any hot fluid; as, to scald the hand.
Mine own tears
Do scald like molten lead.
Shak.
Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone
fall.
Cowley.
2. To expose to a boiling or violent heat over a
fire, or in hot water or other liquor; as, to scald
milk or meat.
Scald, n. A burn, or injury to the skin
or flesh, by some hot liquid, or by steam.
Scald, a. [For scalled. See
Scall.] 1. Affected with the scab;
scaby.
Shak.
2. Scurry; paltry; as, scald
rhymers. [Obs.]
Shak.
Scald crow (Zo\'94l.), the hooded
crow. [Ireland] -- Scald head
(Med.), a name popularly given to several diseases
of the scalp characterized by pustules (the dried discharge of
which forms scales) and by falling out of the hair.
Scald, n. Scurf on the head. See
Scall.
Spenser.
Scald (? , n.
[Icel. sk\'beld.] One of the ancient
Scandinavian poets and historiographers; a reciter and singer of
heroic poems, etc., among the Norsemen; more rarely, a bard of
any of the ancient Teutonic tribes. [Written also
skald.]
A war song such as was of yore chanted on the field of battle
by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons.
Sir W. Scott.
Scald"er (?), n. A Scandinavian
poet; a scald.
Scald"fish` (?), n.
[Scald, a. + fish.]
(Zo\'94l.) A European flounder (Arnoglosus
laterna, or Psetta arnoglossa); -- called also
megrin, and smooth
sole.
Scald"ic (? , a. Of or
pertaining to the scalds of the Norsemen; as,
scaldic poetry.
Scale (?), n. [AS.
sc\'bele; perhaps influenced by the kindred Icel.
sk\'bel balance, dish, akin also to D.
schaal a scale, bowl, shell, G. schale,
OHG. sc\'bela, Dan. skaal drinking cup,
bowl, dish, and perh. to E. scale of a fish. Cf.
Scale of a fish, Skull the brain case.]
1. The dish of a balance; hence, the balance
itself; an instrument or machine for weighing; as, to turn
the scale; -- chiefly used in the plural when
applied to the whole instrument or apparatus for weighing. Also
used figuratively.
Long time in even scale
The battle hung.
Milton.
The scales are turned; her kindness weighs no more
Now than my vows.
Waller.
2. (Astron.) The sign or constellation
Libra.
Platform scale. See under
Platform.
<-- tip the scales, influence an action so as to
change an outcome from one likely result to another. -->
Scale, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scaling.] To weigh or measure according
to a scale; to measure; also, to grade or vary according to a
scale or system.
Scaling his present bearing with his past.
Shak.
To scale, , a
debt, wages, etc., to reduce a debt, etc.,
according to a fixed ratio or scale.
[U.S.]
Scale, n. [Cf. AS. scealu,
scalu, a shell, parings; akin to D. schaal,
G. schale, OHG. scala, Dan. & Sw.
skal a shell, Dan. ski\'91l a fish scale,
Goth. skalja tile, and E. shale,
shell, and perhaps also to scale of a
balance; butperhaps rather fr. OF. escale,
escaile, F. \'82caille scale of a fish, and
\'82cale shell of beans, pease, egs, nuts, of German
origin, and akin to Goth. skalja, G.
schale. See Shale.] 1.
(Anat.) One of the small, thin, membranous, bony
or horny pieces which form the covering of many fishes and
reptiles, and some mammals, belonging to the dermal part of the
skeleton, or dermoskeleton. See Cycloid,
Ctenoid, and Ganoid.
Fish that, with their fins and shining scales,
Glide under the green wave.
Milton.
2. Hence, any layer or leaf of metal or other
material, resembling in size and thinness the scale of a fish;
as, a scale of iron, of bone, etc.
3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the small scalelike
structures covering parts of some invertebrates, as those on the
wings of Lepidoptera and on the body of Thysanura; the elytra of
certain annelids. See Lepidoptera.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A scale insect. (See
below.)
5. (Bot.) A small appendage like a
rudimentary leaf, resembling the scales of a fish in form, and
often in arrangement; as, the scale of a bud, of a
pine cone, and the like. The name is also given to the chaff
on the stems of ferns.
6. The thin metallic side plate of the handle of a
pocketknife. See Illust. of
Pocketknife.
7. An incrustation deposit on the inside of a
vessel in which water is heated, as a steam boiler.
8. (Metal.) The thin oxide which forms
on the surface of iron forgings. It consists esentially of the
magnetic oxide, Fe3O4. Also, a similar coating
upon other metals.
Covering scale (Zo\'94l.), a
hydrophyllium. -- Ganoid scale
(Zo\'94l.) See under Ganoid. --
Scale armor (Mil.), armor made of small
metallic scales overlapping, and fastened upon leather or
cloth. -- Scale beetle (Zo\'94l.),
the tiger beetle. -- Scale carp
(Zo\'94l.), a carp having normal scales. --
Scale insect (Zo\'94l.), any one of
numerous species of small hemipterous insects belonging to the
family Coccid\'91, in which the females, when adult,
become more or less scalelike in form. They are found upon the
leaves and twigs of various trees and shrubs, and often do great
damage to fruit trees. See Orange scale,under
Orange. -- Scale moss (Bot.),
any leafy-stemmed moss of the order Hepatic\'91;
-- so called from the small imbricated scalelike leaves of most
of the species. See Hepatica, 2, and
Jungermannia.
<-- p. 1282 -->
Scale (?), v. t. 1. To
strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a
fish; to scale the inside of a boiler.
2. To take off in thin layers or scales, as tartar
from the teeth; to pare off, as a surface. \'bdIf all the
mountaines were scaled, and the earth made even.\'b8
T. Burnet.
3. To scatter; to spread. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]
4. (Gun.) To clean, as the inside of a
cannon, by the explosion of a small quantity of powder.
Totten.
Scale, v. i. 1. To separate and
come off in thin layers or lamin\'91; as, some sandstone
scales by exposure.
Those that cast their shell are the lobster and crab; the old
skins are found, but the old shells never; so it is likely that
they scale off.
Bacon.
2. To separate; to scatter. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]
Scale, n. [L. scalae, pl.,
scala staircase, ladder; akin to scandere
to climb. See Scan; cf. Escalade.]
1. A ladder; a series of steps; a means of
ascending. [Obs.]
2. Hence, anything graduated, especially when
employed as a measure or rule, or marked by lines at regular
intervals. Specifically: (a) A mathematical
instrument, consisting of a slip of wood, ivory, or metal, with
one or more sets of spaces graduated and numbered on its surface,
for measuring or laying off distances, etc., as in drawing,
plotting, and the like. See Gunter's scale.
(b) A series of spaces marked by lines, and
representing proportionately larger distances; as, a
scale of miles, yards, feet, etc., for a map or
plan. (c) A basis for a numeral system;
as, the decimal scale; the binary scale,
etc. (d) (Mus.) The graduated
series of all the tones, ascending or descending, from the
keynote to its octave; -- called also the
gamut. It may be repeated through any number
of octaves. See Chromatic scale, Diatonic
scale, Major scale, and Minor
scale, under Chromatic, Diatonic,
Major, and Minor.
3. Gradation; succession of ascending and
descending steps and degrees; progressive series; scheme of
comparative rank or order; as, a scale of
being.
There is a certain scale of duties . . . which for
want of studying in right order, all the world is in
confusion.
Milton.
4. Relative dimensions, without difference in
proportion of parts; size or degree of the parts or components in
any complex thing, compared with other like things; especially,
the relative proportion of the linear dimensions of the parts of
a drawing, map, model, etc., to the dimensions of the
corresponding parts of the object that is represented; as, a
map on a scale of an inch to a mile.
Scale of chords, a graduated scale on which
are given the lengths of the chords of arcs from 0
Scale, v. t. [Cf. It.
scalare, fr. L. scale, scala.
See Scale a ladder.] To climb by a ladder, or
as if by a ladder; to ascend by steps or by climbing; to clamber
up; as, to scale the wall of a fort.
Oft have I scaled the craggy oak.
Spenser.
Scale, v. i. To lead up by steps; to
ascend. [Obs.]
Satan from hence, now on the lower stair,
That scaled by steps of gold to heaven-gate,
Looks down with wonder.
Milton.
Scale"back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of marine
annelids of the family Polynoid\'91, and allies, which
have two rows of scales, or elytra, along the back. See
Illust. under Ch\'91topoda.
Scale"beam` (?), n. 1.
The lever or beam of a balance; the lever of a platform
scale, to which the poise for weighing is applied.
2. A weighing apparatus with a sliding weight,
resembling a steelyard.
Scale"board` (?; commonly ,
n. [3d scale +
board.] 1. (Print.) A
thin slip of wood used to justify a page.
[Obs.]
Crabb.
2. A thin veneer of leaf of wood used for covering
the surface of articles of firniture, and the like.
Scaleboard plane, a plane for cutting from a
board a wide shaving forming a scaleboard.
Scaled (?), a. 1.
Covered with scales, or scalelike structures; -- said of a
fish, a reptile, a moth, etc.
2. Without scales, or with the scales removed;
as, scaled herring.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Having feathers which in
form, color, or arrangement somewhat resemble scales; as, the
scaled dove.
Scaled dove (Zo\'94l.), any
American dove of the genus Scardafella. Its colored
feather tips resemble scales.
Scale"less (?), a. Destitute of
scales.
Sca*lene" (?), a. [L.
scalenus, Gr. scal\'8ane.] 1. (Geom.)
(a) Having the sides and angles unequal; -- said of
a triangle. (b) Having the axis inclined to
the base, as a cone.
2. (Anat.) (a) Designating
several triangular muscles called scalene
muscles. (b) Of or pertaining to the
scalene muscles.
Scalene muscles (Anat.), a group of
muscles, usually three on each side in man, extending from the
cervical vertebr\'91 to the first and second ribs.
Sca*lene", n. (Geom.) A
triangle having its sides and angles unequal.
Sca*le`no*he"dral (?), a.
(Crystallog.) Of or pertaining to a
scalenohedron.
Sca*le`no*he"dron (?), n. [Gr.
(Crystallog.)
A pyramidal form under the rhombohedral system, inclosed by
twelve faces, each a scalene triangle.
Scal"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, scales; specifically, a dentist's instrument for
removing tartar from the teeth.
Scale"-winged` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the wings covered with small
scalelike structures, as the lepidoptera; scaly-winged.
Scal"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being scaly; roughness.
Scal"ing (?), a. 1.
Adapted for removing scales, as from a fish; as, a
scaling knife; adapted for removing scale, as from
the interior of a steam boiler; as, a scaling
hammer, bar, etc.
2. Serving as an aid in clambering; as, a
scaling ladder, used in assaulting a fortified
place.
Scal*io"la (?), n. Same as
Scagliola.
Scall (?), n. [Icel.
skalli a bald head. Cf. Scald,
a.] A scurf or scabby disease, especially
of the scalp.
It is a dry scall, even a leprosy upon the
head.
Lev. xiii. 30.
Scall, a. Scabby; scurfy.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Scalled (?), a. Scabby; scurfy;
scall. [Obs.] \'bdWith scalled
brows black.\'b8
Chaucer.
Scalled head. (Med.) See
Scald head, under Scald,
a.
Scal"lion (?), n. [OF.
escalone, escaloingne, L. caepa
Ascalonius of Ascalon, fr. Ascalo Ascalon, a
town in Palestine. Cf. Shallot.] 1.
(Bot.) A kind of small onion (Allium
Ascalonicum), native of Palestine; the eschalot, or
shallot.
2. Any onion which does not \'bdbottom out,\'b8 but
remains with a thick stem like a leek.
Amer. Cyc.
Scal"lop (?; 277), n. [OF.
escalope a shell, probably of German or Dutch origin,
and akin to E. scale of a fish; cf.
D. schelp shell. See Scale of a
fish, and cf. Escalop.] [Written also
scollop.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of
the genus Pecten and allied genera of the family
Pectinid\'91. The shell is usually radially ribbed,
and the edge is therefore often undulated in a characteristic
manner. The large adductor muscle of some the species is much
used as food. One species (Vola Jacob\'91us) occurs
on the coast of Palestine, and its shell was formerly worn by
pilgrims as a mark that they had been to the Holy Land. Called
also fan shell. See Pecten, 2.
Pecten irradians; the large sea scallop,
also used as food, is P. Clontonius, or
tenuicostastus.
2. One of series of segments of circles joined at
their extremities, forming a border like the edge or surface of a
scallop shell.
3. One of the shells of a scallop; also, a dish
resembling a scallop shell.
Scal"lop, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scalloped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scalloping.] 1. To
mark or cut the edge or border of into segments of circles, like
the edge or surface of a scallop shell. See Scallop,
n., 2.
2. (Cookery) To bake in scallop shells
or dishes; to prepare with crumbs of bread or cracker, and bake.
See Scalloped oysters, below.
Scal"loped (?), a. 1.
Furnished with a scallop; made or done with or in a
scallop.
2. Having the edge or border cut or marked with
segments of circles. See Scallop, n.,
2.
3. (Cookery) Baked in a scallop; cooked
with crumbs.
Scalloped oysters (Cookery), opened
oysters baked in a deep dish with alternate layers of bread or
cracker crumbs, seasoned with pepper, nutmeg, and butter. This
was at first done in scallop shells.
Scal"lop*er (?), n. One who
fishes for scallops.
Scal"lop*ing, n. Fishing for
scallops.
Scalp (?), n. [Cf.
Scallop.] A bed of oysters or mussels.
[Scot.]
Scalp, n. [Perhaps akin to D.
schelp shell. Cf. Scallop.] 1.
That part of the integument of the head which is usually
covered with hair.
By the bare scalp of Robin Hodd's fat friar,
This fellow were a king for our wild faction!
Shak.
2. A part of the skin of the head, with the hair
attached, cut or torn off from an enemy by the Indian warriors of
North America, as a token of victory.
3. Fig.: The top; the summit.
Macaulay.
Scalp lock, a long tuft of hair left on the
crown of the head by the warriors of some tribes of American
Indians.
Scalp, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scalped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scalping.] 1. To
deprive of the scalp; to cut or tear the scalp from the head
of.
2. (Surg.) To remove the skin of.
We must scalp the whole lid [of the eye].
J. S. Wells.
3. (Milling.) To brush the hairs of fuzz
from, as wheat grains, in the process of high milling.
Knight.
Scalp, v. i. To make a small, quick
profit by slight fluctuations of the market; -- said of brokers
who operate in this way on their own account.
[Cant]
Scal"pel (?), n. [L
scalpellum, dim. of scalprum a knife, akin
to scalpere to cut, carve, scrape: cf. F.
scalpel.] (Surg.) A small knife
with a thin, keen blade, -- used by surgeons, and in
dissecting.
Scalper (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, scalps.
2. (Surg.) Same as Scalping
iron, under Scalping.
3. A broker who, dealing on his own account, tries
to get a small and quick profit from slight fluctuations of the
market. [Cant]
4. A person who buys and sells the unused parts of
railroad tickets. [Cant]
Scalp"ing (?), a. & n. from
Scalp.
Scalping iron (Surg.), an
instrument used in scraping foul and carious bones; a
raspatory. -- Scalping knife, a knife used by
north American Indians in scalping.
Scal"pri*form (?), a. [L.
scalprum chisel, knife + -form.]
(Anat.) Shaped like a chisel; as, the
scalpriform incisors of rodents.
Scal"y (?), a. 1.
Covered or abounding with scales; as, a scaly
fish. \'bdScaly crocodile.\'b8
Milton.
2. Resembling scales, lamin\'91, or layers.
3. Mean; low; as, a scaly
fellow. [Low]
4. (Bot.) Composed of scales lying over
each other; as, a scaly bulb; covered with
scales; as, a scaly stem.
Scaly ant-eater (Zo\'94l.), the
pangolin.
Scal"y-winged` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Scale-winged.
Scam"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scambled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scambling.] [Cf. OD.
schampelen to deviate, to slip, schampen to
go away, escape, slip, and E. scamper,
shamble.] 1. To move awkwardly; to
be shuffling, irregular, or unsteady; to sprawl; to
shamble. \'bdSome scambling shifts.\'b8 Dr.
H. More. \'bdA fine old hall, but a scambling
house.\'b8 Evelyn.
2. To move about pushing and jostling; to be rude
and turbulent; to scramble. \'bdThe scambling
and unquiet time did push it out of . . . question.\'b8
Shak.
Scam"ble, v. t. To mangle.
[Obs.]
Mortimer.
Scam"bler (?), n. 1. One who
scambles.
2. A bold intruder upon the hospitality of others;
a mealtime visitor. [Scot.]
Scam"bling (?), adv. In a
scambling manner; with turbulence and noise; with bold
intrusiveness.
{ Scam"ell (?), Scam"mel
}, n. (Zo\'94l.) The female
bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]
scamel mentioned by
Shakespeare [\'bdTempest,\'b8 ii. 2] is not known.
\'d8Sca*mil"lus (?), n.; pl.
Scamilli (#). [L.,
originally, a little bench, dim.
of scamnum bench, stool.] (Arch.)
A sort of second plinth or block, below the bases of Ionic
and Corinthian columns, generally without moldings, and of
smaller size horizontally than the pedestal.
Scam*mo"ni*ate (?), a. Made
from scammony; as, a scammoniate
aperient.
Scam"mo*ny (?), n. [F.
scammon\'82e, L. scammonia,
scammonea, Gr. 1.
(Bot.) A species of bindweed or Convolvulus
(C. Scammonia).
2. An inspissated sap obtained from the rot of the
Convolvulus Scammonia, of a blackish gray color, a
nauseous smell like that of old cheese, and a somewhat acrid
taste. It is used in medicine as a cathartic.
Scamp (?), n. [OF.
escamper to run away, to make one's escape.
originally, one who runs away, a fugitive, a vagabond. See
Scamper.] A rascal; a swindler; a
rogue.
De Quincey.
Scamp, v. t. [Cf.
Scamp,n., or Scant, a.,
and Skimp.] To perform in a hasty,
neglectful, or imperfect manner; to do superficially.
[Colloq.]
A workman is said to scamp his work when he does it
in a superficial, dishonest manner.
Wedgwood.
Much of the scamping and dawdling complained of is
that of men in establishments of good repute.
T. Hughes.
\'d8Scam`pa*vi"a (?), n.
[It.] A long, low war galley used by the
Neapolitans and Sicilians in the early part of the nineteenth
century.
Scam"per (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scampered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scampering.] [OF. escamper
to escape, to save one's self; L. ex from +
campus the field (sc. of battle). See Camp,
and cf. Decamp, Scamp, n.,
Shamble, v. t.] To run with speed;
to run or move in a quick, hurried manner; to hasten away.
Macaulay.
The lady, however, . . . could not help scampering
about the room after a mouse.
S. Sharpe.
Scam"per, n. A scampering; a hasty
flight.
Scam"per*er (?), n. One who
scampers.
Tyndell.
Scamp"ish (?), a. Of or like a
scamp; knavish; as, scampish conduct.
Scan (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scanned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scanning.] [L. scandere,
scansum, to climb, to scan, akin to Skr.
skand to spring, leap: cf. F. scander. Cf.
Ascend, Descend, Scale a
ladder.] 1. To mount by steps; to go through
with step by step. [Obs.]
Nor stayed till she the highest stage had
scand.
Spenser.
2. Specifically (Pros.), to go through
with, as a verse, marking and distinguishing the feet of which it
is composed; to show, in reading, the metrical structure of; to
recite metrically.
3. To go over and examine point by point; to
examine with care; to look closely at or into; to
scrutinize.
The actions of men in high stations are all conspicuous, and
liable to be scanned and sifted.
Atterbury.
<-- 4. To examine quickly, from point to point, in search of
something specific; as, to scan an article for mention of a
particular person.
5. (ELectronics) To form an image or an electronic
representation of, by passing a beam of light or electrons over,
and detecting and recording the reflected or transmitted signal.
-->
Scan"dal (?), n. [F.
scandale, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. scandle, OF. escandle. See
Slander.] 1. Offense caused or
experienced; reproach or reprobation called forth by what is
regarded as wrong, criminal, heinous, or flagrant: opprobrium or
disgrace.
O, what a scandal is it to our crown,
That two such noble peers as ye should jar!
Shak.
[I] have brought scandal
To Israel, diffidence of God, and doubt
In feeble hearts.
Milton.
2. Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure;
defamatory talk, uttered heedlessly or maliciously.
You must not put another scandal on him.
Shak.
My known virtue is from scandal free.
Dryden.
3. (Equity) Anything alleged in pleading
which is impertinent, and is reproachful to any person, or which
derogates from the dignity of the court, or is contrary to good
manners.
Daniell.
Syn. -- Defamation; detraction; slander; calumny;
opprobrium; reproach; shame; disgrace.
<-- p. 1283 -->
Scan"dal (?), v. t. 1.
To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce;
to slander. [R.]
I do faws on men and hug them hard
And after scandal them.
Shak.
2. To scandalize; to offend.
[Obs.]
Bp. Story.
Syn. -- To defame; traduce; reproach; slander; calumniate;
asperse; vilify; disgarce.
Scan"dal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scandalized
(; p. pr. & vb. n. Scandalizing
(.] [F. scandaliser, L.
scandalizare, from Gr.
skandali`zein.] 1. To offend the
feelings of the conscience of (a person) by some action which is
considered immoral or criminal; to bring shame, disgrace, or
reproach upon.
I demand who they are whom we scandalize by using
harmless things.
Hooker.
the congregation looked on in silence, the better class
scandalized, and the lower orders, some laughing,
others backing the soldier or the minister, as their fancy
dictated.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To reproach; to libel; to defame; to
slander.
To tell his tale might be interpreted into
scandalizing the order.
Sir W. Scott.
Scan"dal*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
scandaleux.] 1. Giving offense to
the conscience or moral feelings; exciting reprobation; calling
out condemnation.
Nothing scandalous or offensive unto any.
Hooker.
2. Disgraceful to reputation; bringing shame or
infamy; opprobrious; as, a scandalous crime or
vice.
3. Defamatory; libelous; as, a
scandalous story.
Scan"dal*ous*ly, adv. 1. In a
manner to give offense; shamefully.
His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming
the digmity of his station.
Swift.
2. With a disposition to impute immorality or
wrong.
Shun their fault, who, scandalously nice,
Will needs mistake an author into vice.
Pope.
Scan"dal*ous*ness, n. Quality of being
scandalous.
\'d8Scan"da*lum mag*na"tum` (?). [L.,
scandal of magnates.] (Law) A defamatory
speech or writing published to the injury of a person of dignity;
-- usually abbreviated scan. mag.
Scan"dent (?), a. [L.
scandens, -entis, p.pr. of
scandere to climb.] Climbing.
Scan"di*a (?), n. [NL. See
Scandium.] (Chem.) A chemical
earth, the oxide of scandium.
Scan"dic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to scandium; derived from, or containing,
scandium.
Scan`di*na"vi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Scandinavia, that is, Sweden, Norway, and
Denmark. -- n. A native or inhabitant
of Scandinavia.
Scan"di*um (?), n. [NL. So
called because found in Scandinavian minerals]
(Chem.) A rare metallic element of the boron
group, whose existence was predicated under the provisional name
ekaboron by means of the periodic law, and
subsequently discovered by spectrum analysis in certain rare
Scandinavian minerals (euxenite and
gadolinite). It has not yet been isolated. Symbol Sc.
Atomic weight 44<-- Atomic weight 44.96, at. no. 21;
valence 3. -->
Scan"sion (?), n. [L.
scansio, fr. scandere, scansum,
to climb. See Scan.] (Pros.) The
act of scanning; distinguishing the metrical feet of a verse by
emphasis, pauses, or otherwise.
\'d8Scan*so"res (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. L. scandere,
scansum, to climb.] (Zo\'94l.)
An artifical group of birds formerly regarded as an order.
They are distributed among several orders by modern
ornithologists.
Illust. under Aves.
Scan*so"ri*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Capable of climbing;
as, the woodpecker is a scansorial bird;
adapted for climbing; as, the scansorial
foot. (b) Of or pertaining to the
Scansores. See Illust. under Aves.
Scansorial tail (Zo\'94l.), a tail
in which the feathers are stiff and sharp at the tip, as in the
woodpeckers.
Scant (?), a.
[Compar. Scanter (?);
superl. Scantest.] [Icel.
skamt, neuter of skamr, skammr,
short; cf. skamta to dole out, to portion.]
1. Not full, large, or plentiful; scarcely
sufficient; less than is wanted for the purpose; scanty; meager;
not enough; as, a scant allowance of provisions or
water; a scant pattern of cloth for a
garment.
His sermon was scant, in all, a quarter of an
hour.
Ridley.
2. Sparing; parsimonious; chary.
Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence.
Shak.
Syn. -- See under Scanty.
Scant, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scanting.] 1. To limit; to
straiten; to treat illiberally; to stint; as, to
scant one in provisions; to scant ourselves in
the use of necessaries.
Where man hath a great living laid together and where he is
scanted.
Bacon.
I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your
actions.
Dryden.
2. To cut short; to make small, narrow, or scanty;
to curtail. \'bdScant not my cups.\'b8
Shak.
Scant, v. i. To fail, of become less; to
scantle; as, the wind scants.
Scant, adv. In a scant manner; with
difficulty; scarcely; hardly. [Obs.]
Bacon.
So weak that he was scant able to go down the
stairs.
Fuller.
Scant, n. Scantness; scarcity.
[R.]
T. Carew.
Scant"i*ly (?), adv. In a
scanty manner; not fully; not plentifully; sparingly;
parsimoniously.
His mind was very scantily stored with
materials.
Macaulay.
<-- scantily clad, wearing almost no clothing. -->
Scant"i*ness, n. Quality condition of
being scanty.
Scan"tle (?), v. i. [Dim. of
scant, v.] To be deficient; to fail.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Scan"tle (?), v. t. [OF.
escanteler, eschanteler, to break into
contles; pref. es- (L. ex) +
cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece.
Confused with E. scant. See Cantle.]
To scant; to be niggard of; to divide into small pieces; to
cut short or down. [Obs.]
All their pay
Must your discretion scantle; keep it back.
J. Webster.
Scant"let (?), n. [OF.
eschantelet corner.] A small pattern; a
small quantity. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
Scant"ling (?), a. [See
Scant, a.] Not plentiful; small;
scanty. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Scant"ling, n. [Cf. OF.
eschantillon, F. \'82chantillon, a sample,
pattern, example. In some senses confused with scant
insufficient. See Scantle, v. t.]
1. A fragment; a bit; a little piece.
Specifically: (a) A piece or quantity cut for a
special purpose; a sample. [Obs.]
Such as exceed not this scantling; -- to be solace
to the sovereign and harmless to the people.
Bacon.
A pretty scantling of his knowledge may taken by
his deferring to be baptized so many years.
Milton.
(b) A small quantity; a little bit; not much.
[Obs.]
Reducing them to narrow scantlings.
Jer. Taylor.
2. A piece of timber sawed or cut of a small size,
as for studs, rails, etc.
3. The dimensions of a piece of timber with regard
to its breadth and thickness; hence, the measure or dimensions of
anything.
4. A rough draught; a rude sketch or outline.
5. A frame for casks to lie upon; a trestle.
Knight.
Scant"ly, adv. 1. In a scant
manner; not fully or sufficiently; narrowly; penuriously.
Dryden.
2. Scarcely; hardly; barely.
Scantly they durst their feeble eyes dispread
Upon that town.
Fairfax.
We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn,
And there is scantly time for half the work.
Tennyson.
Scant"ness, n. The quality or condition
of being scant; narrowness; smallness; insufficiency;
scantiness. \'bdScantness of outward things.\'b8
Barrow.
Scant"y (?), a.
[Compar. Scantier (?);
superl. Scantiest.] [From
Scant, a.] 1. Wanting
amplitude or extent; narrow; small; not abundant.
his dominions were very narrow and scanty.
Locke.
Now scantier limits the proud arch confine.
Pope.
2. Somewhat less than is needed; insufficient;
scant; as, a scanty supply of words; a
scanty supply of bread.
3. Sparing; niggardly; parsimonius.
In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not too
scanty of words.
I. Watts.
Syn. -- Scant; narrow; small; poor; deficient; meager;
scarce; chary; sparing; parsimonious; penurious; niggardly;
grudging.
Scape (?), n. [L.
scapus shaft, stem, stalk; cf. Gr. scape. Cf. Scepter.] 1.
(Bot.) A peduncle rising from the ground or from
a subterranean stem, as in the stemless violets, the bloodroot,
and the like.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The long basal joint of
the antenn\'91 of an insect.
3. (Arch.) (a) The shaft of a
column. (b) The apophyge of a shaft.
Scape, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Scaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scaping.] [Aphetic form of
escape.] To escape. [Obs. or
Poetic.]
Milton.
Out of this prison help that we may scape.
Chaucer.
Scape, n. 1. An escape.
[Obs.]
I spake of most disastrous chances, . . .
Of hairbreadth scapes in the imminent, deadly
breach.
Shak.
2. Means of escape; evasion.
[Obs.]
Donne.
3. A freak; a slip; a fault; an escapade.
[Obs.]
Not pardoning so much as the scapes of error and
ignorance.
Milton.
4. Loose act of vice or lewdness.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Scape"gal`lows (?), n. One who
has narrowly escaped the gallows for his crimes.
[Colloq.]
Dickens.
Scape"goat` (?), n.
[Scape (for escape) +
goat.] 1. (Jewish Antiq.)
A goat upon whose head were symbolically placed the sins of
the people, after which he was suffered to escape into the
wilderness.
Lev. xvi. 10.
2. Hence, a person or thing that is made to bear
blame for others.
Tennyson.
Scape"grace` (?), n. A
graceless, unprincipled person; one who is wild and
reckless.
Beaconsfield.
Scape"less, a. (Bot.)
Destitute of a scape.
Scape"ment (?), n. [See
Scape, v., Escapement.]
Same as Escapement, 3.
Scape"-wheel` (?), n.
(Horol.) the wheel in an escapement (as of a
clock or a watch) into the teeth of which the pallets play.
Sca*phan"der (?), n. [Gr. scaphandre.] The case, or impermeable
apparel, in which a diver can work while under water.
Scaph"ism (?), n. [Gr.
ska`fh a trough.] An ancient mode of
punishing criminals among the Persians, by confining the victim
in a trough, with his head and limbs smeared with honey or the
like, and exposed to the sun and to insects until he died.
Scaph"ite (?), n. [L.
scapha a boat, fr. Gr. (Paleon.) Any
fossil cephalopod shell of the genus Scaphites,
belonging to the Ammonite family and having a chambered
boat-shaped shell. Scaphites are found in the Cretaceous
formation.
Scaph`o*ce*phal"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or affected with,
scaphocephaly.
Scaph`o*ceph"a*ly (?), n. [Gr.
(Anat.) A deformed
condition of the skull, in which the vault is narrow, clongated,
and more or less boat-shaped.
Scaph`o*ce"rite (?), n. [Gr.
cerite.] (Zo\'94l.)
A flattened plate or scale attached to the second joint of
the antenn\'91 of many Crustacea.
Sca*phog"na*thite (?), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A thin
leafike appendage (the exopodite) of the second maxilla of
decapod crustaceans. It serves as a pumping organ to draw the
water through the gill cavity.
Scaph"oid (?; 277), a. [Gr. -oid: cf. F. scapho\'8bde.]
(Anat.) Resembling a boat in form;
boat-shaped. -- n. The scaphoid
bone.
Scaphoid bone (a) One of the carpal
bones, which articulates with the radius; the radiale.
(b) One of the tarsal bones; the navicular
bone. See under Navicular.
Scaph`o*lu"nar (?), a.
[Scaphoid + lunar.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the scaphoid and
lunar bones of the carpus. -- n. The
scapholunar bone.
Scapholunar bone, a bone formed by the
coalescence of the scaphoid and lunar in the carpus of
carnivora.
\'d8Sca*phop"*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of marine cephalate Mollusca
having a tubular shell open at both ends, a pointed or spadelike
foot for burrowing, and many long, slender, prehensile oral
tentacles. It includes Dentalium, or the tooth shells, and other
similar shells. Called also Prosopocephala,
and Solenoconcha.
Sca"pi*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Resembling scape, or flower stm.
Scap"*lite (?), n. [Gr. scapus a stem, sta-lite: cf. F. scapolite.]
(Mon.) A grayish white mineral occuring in
tetragonal crystals and in cleavable masses. It is esentially a
silicate of aluminia and soda.
scapolite group includes scapolite
proper, or wernerite, also meionite, dipyre, etc.
Scap"ple (?), v. t. [Cf. OF.
eskaper, eschapler, to cut, hew, LL.
scapellare. Cf. Scabble.] (a)
To work roughly, or shape without finishing, as stone before
leaving the quarry. (b) To dress in any way
short of fine tooling or rubbing, as stone.
Gwilt.
Scap"u*la (?), n.; pl. L.
Scapul\'91 (#), E. Scapuolas
(#). [L.] 1.
(Anat.) The principal bone of the shoulder girdle
in mammals; the shoulder blade.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the plates from
which the arms of a crinoid arise.
Scap"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
scapulaire. Cf. Scapulary.] Of or
pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder
Scapular arch (Anat.), the pectoral
arch. See under pectoral. -- Scapular
region, Scapular tract
(Zo\'94l.), a definite longitudinal area over the
shoulder and along each side of the back of a bird, from which
the scapular feathers arise.
Scap"u*lar, n. (Zo\'94l.) One
of a special group of feathers which arise from each of the
scapular regions and lie along the sides of the back.
{ Scap"u*lar (?), Scap"u*la*ry
(?) }, n. [F.
scapulaire, LL. scapularium,
scapulare, fr. L.scapula shoulder
blade.] 1. (R.C.Ch.) (a)
A loose sleeveless vestment falling in front and behind,
worn by certain religious orders and devout persons.
(b) The name given to two pieces of cloth worn
under the ordinary garb and over the shoulders as an act of
devotion.
Addis & Arnold.
2. (Surg.) A bandage passing over the
shoulder to support it, or to retain another bandage in
place.
Scap"u*la*ry, a. Same as
Scapular, a.
Scap"u*la*ry, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as 2d and 3d Scapular.
Scap"u*let (?), n. [Dim. of
scapula.] (Zo\'94l.) A secondary
mouth fold developed at the base of each of the armlike lobes of
the manubrium of many rhizostome medus\'91. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Scap"u*lo- (. A combining form used in
anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation
to, the scapula or the shoulder;
as, the scapulo-clavicular articulation, the
articulation between the scapula and clavicle.
\'d8Sca"pus (?), n. [L.]
See 1st Scape.
Scar (?), n. [OF.
escare, F. eschare an eschar, a dry slough
(cf. It. & Sp. escara), L. eschara, fr. Gr.
Eschar.]
1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made
by a wound or ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is
healed; a cicatrix; a mark left by a previous injury; a blemish;
a disfigurement.
This earth had the beauty of youth, . . . and not a wrinkle,
scar, or fracture on all its body.
T. Burnet.
2. (Bot.) A mark left upon a stem or
branch by the fall of a leaf, leaflet, or frond, or upon a seed
by the separation of its support. See Illust. under
Axillary.
Scar, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scarred (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scarring.] To mark with a scar
or scars.
Yet I'll not shed her blood;
Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow.
Shak.
His cheeks were deeply scarred.
Macaulay.
Scar, v. i. To form a scar.
Scar, n. [Scot. scar,
scaur, Icel. sker a skerry, an isolated
rock in the sea; akin to Dan. ski\'91r, Sw.
sk\'84r. Cf. Skerry.] An isolated
or protruding rock; a steep, rocky eminence; a bare place on the
side of a mountain or steep bank of earth. [Written
also scaur.]
O sweet and far, from cliff and scar,
The horns of Elfland faintly blowing.
Tennyson.
Scar, n. [L. scarus, a kind
of fish, Gr. ska`ros.] (Zo\'94l.)
A marine food fish, the scarus, or parrot fish.
<-- p. 1284 -->
{ Scar"ab (?), Scar"a*bee
(?) }, n. [L.
scarabeus; cf. F. scarab\'82e.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of
lamellicorn beetles of the genus Scarab\'91us, or
family Scarab\'91id\'91, especially the sacred, or
Egyptian, species (Scarab\'91us sacer, and S.
Egyptiorum).
\'d8Scar`a*b\'91"us (?), n.
[L.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Scarab.
Scar"a*boid (?), a.
[Scarab + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family
Scarab\'91id\'91, an extensive group which includes
the Egyptian scarab, the tumbleding, and many similar lamellicorn
beetles.
Scar"a*boid, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
scaraboid beetle.
Scar"a*mouch` (?), n. [F.
scaramouche, It.scaramuccio,
scaramuccia, originally the name of a celebrated
Italian comedian; cf. It. scaramuccia,
scaramuccio, F. escarmouche, skirmish. Cf.
Skirmish.] A personage in the old Italian
comedy (derived from Spain) characterized by great boastfulness
and poltroonery; hence, a person of like characteristics; a
buffoon.
Scarce (?), a.
[Compar. Scarcer (?);
superl. Scarcest.] [OE.
scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL.
scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of
excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to
shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere.
See Carpet, and cf. Excerp.] 1.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion
to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon.
You tell him silver is scarcer now in England, and
therefore risen one fifth in value.
Locke.
The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a
medallion well preserved.
Addison.
2. Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); --
with of. [Obs.] \'bdA region
scarce of prey.\'b8
Milton.
3. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; stingy.
[Obs.] \'bdToo scarce ne too sparing.\'b8
Chaucer.
To make one's self scarce, to decamp; to
depart. [Slang]
Syn. -- Rare; infrequent; deficient. See
Rare.
{ Scarce, Scarce"ly },
adv. 1. With difficulty; hardly;
scantly; barely; but just.
With a scarce well-lighted flame.
Milton.
The eldest scarcely five year was of age.
Chaucer.
Slowly she sails, and scarcely stems the tides.
Dryden.
He had scarcely finished, when the laborer arrived
who had been sent for my ransom.
W. Irwing.
2. Frugally; penuriously. [Obs.]
haucer.
Scarce"ment (?), n. (Arch. &
Engin.) An offset where a wall or bank of earth, etc.,
retreats, leaving a shelf or footing.
{ Scarce"ness (?), Scar"ci*ty
(?) }, n. The quality or condition
of being scarce; smallness of quantity in proportion to the wants
or demands; deficiency; lack of plenty; short supply; penury;
as, a scarcity of grain; a great scarcity
of beauties.
Chaucer.
A scarcity of snow would raise a mutiny at
Naples.
Addison.
Praise . . . owes its value to its scarcity.
Rambler.
The value of an advantage is enhanced by its
scarceness.
Collier.
Syn. -- Deficiency; lack; want; penury; dearth; rareness;
rarity; infrequency.
Scard (?), n. A shard or
fragment. [Obs.]
Scare (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scared (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Scaring.]
[OE. skerren, skeren, Icel.
skirra to bar, prevent, skirrask to shun ,
shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre, adj., scared, Icel.
skjarr; both perhaps akin to E. sheer to
turn.] To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to
alarm.
The noise of thy crossbow
Will scare the herd, and so my shoot is lost.
Shak.
To scare away, to drive away by
frightening. -- To scare up, to find by
search, as if by beating for game. [Slang]
Syn. -- To alarm; frighten; startle; affright;
terrify.
Scare, n. Fright; esp., sudden fright
produced by a trifling cause, or originating in mistake.
[Colloq.]
Scare"crow` (?), n. 1.
Anything set up to frighten crows or other birds from
cornfields; hence, anything terifying without danger.
A scarecrow set to frighten fools away.
Dryden.
2. A person clad in rags and tatters.
No eye hath seen such scarecrows. I'll not march
with them through Coventry, that's flat.
Shak.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The black tern.
[Prov. Eng.]
Scare"fire` (?), n. 1.
An alarm of fire. [Obs.]
2. A fire causing alarm. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Scarf (?), n. [Icel.
skarfr.] A cormorant.
[Scot.]
Scarf, n.; pl. Scarfs, rarely
Scarves (#). [Cf. OF.
escharpe a piligrim's scrip, or wallet (handing about
the neck.), F. \'82charpe sash, scarf; probably from
OHG. scharpe pocket; also (from the French) Dan.
ski\'91rf; Sw. sk\'84rp, Prov. G.
sch\'84rfe, LG. scherf, G.
sch\'84rpe; and also AS. scearf a fragment;
possibly akin to E. scrip a wallet. Cf. Scarp
a scarf.] An article of dress of a light and
decorative character, worn loosely over the shoulders or about
the neck or the waist; a light shawl or handkerchief for the
neck; also, a cravat; a neckcloth.
Put on your hood and scarf.
Swift.
With care about the banners, scarves, and
staves.
R. Browning.
Scarf, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scarfed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scarfing.] 1. To
throw on loosely; to put on like a scarf. \'bdMy sea-gown
scarfed about me.\'b8
Shak.
2. To dress with a scarf, or as with a scarf; to
cover with a loose wrapping.
Shak.
Scarf, v. t. [Sw. skarfva to
eke out, to join together, skarf a seam, joint; cf.
Dan. skarre to joint, to unite timber, Icel.
skara to clinich the planks of a boat, G.
scharben to chop, to cut small.] (a)
To form a scarf on the end or edge of, as for a joint in
timber, metal rods, etc. (b) To unite, as two
pieces of timber or metal, by a scarf joint.
Scarf (?), n. (a) In a
piece which is to be united to another by a scarf joint, the part
of the end or edge that is tapered off, rabbeted, or notched so
as to be thinner than the rest of the piece. (b)
A scarf joint.
Scarf joint (a) A joint made by
overlapping and bolting or locking together the ends of two
pieces of timber that are halved, notched, or cut away so that
they will fit each other and form a lengthened beam of the same
size at the junction as elsewhere. (b) A joint
formed by welding, riveting, or brazing together the overlapping
scarfed ends, or edges, of metal rods, sheets, etc. --
Scarf weld. See under Weld.
Scarf"skin` (?), n.
(Anat.) See Epidermis.
Scar`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
scarificatio: cf. F. scarification.]
The act of scarifying.
Scar"i*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [Cf.
F. scarificateur.] (Surg.) An
instrument, principally used in cupping, containing several
lancets moved simultaneously by a spring, for making slight
incisions.
Scar"i*fi`er (?), n. 1.
One who scarifies.
2. (Surg.) The instrument used for
scarifying.
3. (Agric.) An implement for stripping
and loosening the soil, without bringing up a fresh
surface.
You have your scarifiers to make the ground
clean.
Southey.
Scar"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scarified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scarifying
(?).] [F. scarifier, L.
scarificare, scarifare, fr. Gr. 1.
To scratch or cut the skin of; esp. (Med.), to
make small incisions in, by means of a lancet or scarificator, so
as to draw blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large
vein.
2. (Agric.) To stir the surface soil of,
as a field.
{ Sca"ri*ose (?), Sca"ri*ous
(?) }, a. [F. scarieux,
NL. scariosus. Cf. Scary.]
(Bot.) Thin, dry, membranous, and not
green.
Gray.
Scar`la*ti"na (?), n. [NL.: cf.
F. scarlatine. See Scarlet.]
(Med.) Scarlet fever. --
Scar`la*ti"nal (#), a. --
Scar*lat"i*nous (# ,
a.
Scar"less (?), a. Free from
scar.
Drummond.
Scar"let (?), n. [OE.
scarlat, scarlet, OF. escarlate,
F. \'82carlate (cf. Pr. escarlat,
escarlata, Sp. & Pg. escarlata, It.
scarlatto, LL. scarlatum), from Per.
sakirl\'bet.] A deep bright red tinged with
orange or yellow, -- of many tints and shades; a vivid or bright
red color.
2. Cloth of a scarlet color.
All her household are clothed with scarlet.
Prov. xxxi. 21.
Scar"let, a. Of the color called
scarlet; as, a scarlet cloth or thread.
Scarlet admiral (Zo\'94l.), the red
admiral. See under Red. -- Scarlet bean
(Bot.), a kind of bean (Phaseolus
multiflorus) having scarlet flowers; scarlet runner.
-- Scarlet fever (Med.), a contagious
febrile disease characterized by inflammation of the fauces and a
scarlet rash, appearing usually on the second day, and ending in
desquamation about the sixth or seventh day. -- Scarlet
fish (Zo\'94l.), the telescope fish; -- so
called from its red color. See under Telescope. --
Scarlet ibis (Zo\'94l.) See under
Ibis. -- Scarlet maple
(Bot.), the red maple. See Maple. --
Scarlet mite (Zo\'94l.), any one of
numerous species of bright red carnivorous mites found among
grass and moss, especially Thombidium holosericeum and
allied species. The young are parasitic upon spiders and
insects. -- Scarlet oak (Bot.), a
species of oak (Quercus coccinea) of the United
States; -- so called from the scarlet color of its leaves in
autumn. -- Scarlet runner (Bot.),
the scarlet bean. -- Scarlet tanager.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Tanager.
Scar"let, v. t. To dye or tinge with
scarlet. [R.]
The ashy paleness of my cheek
Is scarleted in ruddy flakes of wrath.
Ford.
{ Scar"mage (?), Scar"moge
(?) }, n. A slight contest; a
skirmish. See Skirmish. [Obs.]
Such cruel game my scarmoges disarms.
Spenser.
Scarn (?), n. [Icel.
skarn; akin to AS. scearn. Cf.
Shearn.] Dung. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Ray.
Scarn bee (Zo\'94l.), a dung
beetle.
Sca"roid, a. [Scarus +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Scarid\'91, a family of marine
fishes including the parrot fishes.
Scarp (?), n. [OF.
escharpe. See 2d Scarf.]
(Her.) A band in the same position as the bend
sinister, but only half as broad as the latter.
Scarp, n. [Aphetic form of
Escarp.] 1. (Fort.) The
slope of the ditch nearest the parapet; the escarp.
2. A steep descent or declivity.
Scarp, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scarped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scarping.] To cut down
perpendicularly, or nearly so; as, to scarp the face
of a ditch or a rock.
From scarped cliff and quarried stone.
Tennyson.
Sweep ruins from the scarped mountain.
Emerson.
Scar"ring (?), n. A scar; a
mark.
We find upon the limestone rocks the scarrings of
the ancient glacier which brought the bowlder here.
Tyndall.
Scar"ry (?), a. Bearing scars
or marks of wounds.
Scar"ry, a. [See 4th
Scar.] Like a scar, or rocky eminence;
containing scars.
Holinshed.
\'d8Sca"rus (?), n. [L. See
Scar a kind of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A
Mediterranean food fish (Sparisoma scarus) od
excellent quality and highly valued by the Romans; -- called also
parrot fish.
Sca"ry (?), n. [Prov. E.
scare scraggy.] Barren land having only a
thin coat of grass. [Prov. Eng.]
Scar"y (?), a. [From
Scare.] 1. Subject to sudden
alarm. [Colloq.U.S.]
Whittier.
2. Causing fright; alarming.
[Colloq.U.S.]
Scase"ly (?), adv. Scarcely;
hardly. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Robynson (More's Utopia)
Scat (?), interj. Go away;
begone; away; -- chiefly used in driving off a cat.
{ Scat, Scatt }, n.
[Icel. scattr.] Tribute.
[R.] \'bdSeizing scatt and treasure.\'b8
Longfellow.
Scat, n. A shower of rain.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Scatch (?), n. [F.
escache.] A kind of bit for the bridle of a
horse; -- called also scatchmouth.
Bailey.
Scatch"es (?), n.; pl.
[OF. eschaces, F. \'82chasses, fr. D.
schaats a high-heeled shoe, a skate. See
Skate, for the foot.] Stilts.
[Prov. Eng.]
Scate (?), n. See
Skate, for the foot.
Scat"e*brous (?), a. [L.
scatebra a gushing up of water, from
scatere to bubble, gush.] Abounding with
springs. [Obs.]
Scath (?; 277), n. [Icel.
ska\'ebi; akin to Dan. skade, Sw.
skada, AS. scea\'eba, sca\'eba,
foe, injurer, OS. ska\'ebo, D. schade,
schaden; cf. Gr. Scathe,
v.] Harm; damage; injury; hurt; waste;
misfortune. [Written also
scathe.]
But she was somedeal deaf, and that was skathe.
Chaucer.
Great mercy, sure, for to enlarge a thrall,
Whose freedom shall thee turn to greatest scath.
Spenser.
Wherein Rome hath done you any scath,
Let him make treble satisfaction.
Shak.
{ Scathe (?; 277), Scath
(?) }, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scathed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scathing (?).] [Icel.
ska\'eba; akin to AS. scea\'eban,
sce\'eb\'eban, Dan. skade, Sw.
skada, D. & G. schaden, OHG.
scad\'d3n, Goth. ska\'edjan.] To
do harm to; to injure; to damage; to waste; to destroy.
As when heaven's fire
Hath scathed the forest oaks or mountain pines.
Milton.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the
soul.
W. Irwing.
Scath"ful (?), a. Harmful;
doing damage; pernicious.
Shak.
-- Scath"ful*ness, n.
Scath"less, a. Unharmed.
R. L. Stevenson.
He, too, . . . is to be dismissed scathless.
Sir W. Scott.
Scath"ly, a. Injurious; scathful.
[Obs.]
Scat"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scattering.] [OE. scateren.
See Shatter.] 1. To strew about; to
sprinkle around; to throw down loosely; to deposit or place here
and there, esp. in an open or sparse order.
And some are scattered all the floor about.
Chaucer.
Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains,
Their scattered cottages, and ample plains?
Dryden.
Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly,
Soft quiet, gentle love, and endless joy.
Prior.
2. To cause to separate in different directions; to
reduce from a close or compact to a loose or broken order; to
dissipate; to disperse.
Scatter and disperse the giddy Goths.
Shak.
3. Hence, to frustrate, disappoint, and overthrow;
as, to scatter hopes, plans, or the like.
Syn. -- To disperse; dissipate; spread; strew.
Scat"ter, v. i. To be dispersed or
dissipated; to disperse or separate; as, clouds
scatter after a storm.
Scat"ter-brain` (?), n. A giddy
or thoughtless person; one incapable of concentration or
attention. [Written also
scatter-brains.]
Scat"ter-brained` (?), a.
Giddy; thoughtless.
Scat"tered (?), a. 1.
Dispersed; dissipated; sprinkled, or loosely spread.
2. (Bot.) Irregular in position; having
no regular order; as, scattered leaves.
-- Scat"tered*ly, adv. --
Scat"tered*ness, n.
Scat"ter*good` (?), n. One who
wastes; a spendthrift.
Scat"ter*ing, a. Going or falling in
various directions; not united or agregated; divided among many;
as, scattering votes.
Scat"ter*ing, n. Act of strewing about;
something scattered.
South.
Scat"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a scattering
manner; dispersedly.
Scat"ter*ling (?), n.
[Scatter + -ling.] One who
has no fixed habitation or residence; a vagabond.
[Obs.] \'bdForeign scatterlings.\'b8
Spenser.
Sca*tu"ri*ent (?), a.[L.
scaturiens, p.pr. of scaturire gush out,
from scatere to bubble, gush.] Gushing
forth; full to overflowing; effusive. [R.]
A pen so scaturient and unretentive.
Sir W. Scott.
Scat`u*rig"i*nous (?), a. [L.
skaturiginosus, fr. scaturigo gushing
water. See Scaturient.] Abounding with
springs. [Obs.]
Scaup (?), n. [See
Scalp a bed of oysters or mussels.] 1.
A bed or stratum of shellfish; scalp.
[Scot.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) A scaup duck. See
below.
Scaup duck (Zo\'94l.), any one of
several species of northern ducks of the genus Aythya,
or Fuligula. The adult males are, in large part,
black. The three North American species are: the greater scaup
duck (Aythya marila, var. nearctica),
called also broadbill,
bluebill, blackhead,
flock duck, flocking fowl,
and raft duck; the lesser scaup duck (A.
affinis), called also little bluebill,
river broadbill, and
shuffler; the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup
duck (A. collaris), called also black
jack, ringneck,
ringbill, ringbill
shuffler, etc. See Illust. of
Ring-necked, under Ring-necked. The common
European scaup, or mussel, duck (A.marila), closely
resembles the American variety.
<-- p. 1285 -->
Scaup"er (?), n. [Cf.
Scalper.] A tool with a semicircular edge, --
used by engravers to clear away the spaces between the lines of
an engraving.
Fairholt.
Scaur (?), n. A precipitous
bank or rock; a scar.
Scav"age (?; 48), n. [LL.
scavagium, fr. AS. sce\'a0wian to lock at
to inspect. See Show.] (O.Eng. Law)
A toll duty formerly exacted of merchant strangers by
mayors, sheriffs, etc., for goods shown or offered for sale
within their precincts.
Cowell.
Scav"enge (?), v. t. To
cleanse, as streets, from filth.
C. Kingsley.
<-- 2. To salvage (usable items or material) from discarded or
waste material. -->
Scav"en*ger (?), n. [OE.
scavager an officer with various duties, orginally
attending to scavage, fr. OE. & E. scavage.
See Scavage, Show, v.] A person
whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, by scraping
or sweeping, and carrying off the fifth. The name is also applied
to any animal which devours refuse, carrion, or anything
injurious to health.
Scavenger beetle (Zo\'94l.), any
beetle which feeds on decaying substances, as the carrion
beetle. -- Scavanger crab (Zo\'94l.),
any crab which feeds on dead animals, as the spider
crab. -- Scavenger's daughter [corrupt. of
Skevington's daughter], an instrument of
torture invented by Sir W. Skevington, which so
compressed the body as to force the blood to flow from nostrils.
and sometimes from the hands and feet.
Am. Cyc.
\'d8Sca"zon (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. to limp.] (Lat.
Pros.) A choliamb.
Scel"er*at (?), n. [F.
sc\'82l\'82ra from L. sceleratus, p.p.
of scelerare to pollute, from scelus,
sceleris, a crime.] A villian; a
criminal. [Obs.]
Cheyne.
Sce*les"tic (?), a. [L.
scelestus, from scelus wickedness.]
Evil; wicked; atrocious. [Obs.]
\'bdScelestic villainies.\'b8
Feltham.
Scel"et (?), n. [See
Skeleton.] A mummy; a skeleton.
[Obs.]
olland.
\'d8Sce"na (?), n. [It.]
(Mus.) (a) A scene in an opera.
(b) An accompanied dramatic recitative,
interspersed with passages of melody, or followed by a full
aria.
Rockstro.
\'d8Sce*na"ri*o (?), n.
[It.] A preliminary sketch of the plot, or main
incidents, of an opera.
Scen"a*ry (?), n. [Cf. L.
scenarius belonging to the stage.]
Scenery. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Scene (?), n. [L.
scaena, scena, Gr. 1. The structure on which a
spectacle or play is exhibited; the part of a theater in which
the acting is done, with its adjuncts and decorations; the
stage.
2. The decorations and fittings of a stage,
representing the place in which the action is supposed to go on;
one of the slides, or other devices, used to give an appearance
of reality to the action of a play; as, to paint
scenes; to shift the scenes; to go behind the
scenes.
3. So much of a play as passes without change of
locality or time, or important change of character; hence, a
subdivision of an act; a separate portion of a play, subordinate
to the act, but differently determined in different plays;
as, an act of four scenes.
My dismal scene I needs must act alone.
Shak.
4. The place, time, circumstance, etc., in which
anything occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the
like, is laid; surroundings amid which anything is set before the
imagination; place of occurence, exhibition, or action.
\'bdIn Troy, there lies the scene.\'b8
Shak.
The world is a vast scene of strife.
J. M. Mason.
5. An assemblage of objects presented to the view
at once; a series of actions and events exhibited in their
connection; a spectacle; a show; an exhibition; a view.
Through what new scenes and changes must we
pass!
Addison.
6. A landscape, or part of a landscape;
scenery.
A sylvan scene with various greens was drawn,
Shades on the sides, and in the midst a lawn.
Dryden.
7. An exhibition of passionate or strong feeling
before others; often, an artifical or affected action, or course
of action, done for effect; a theatrical display.
Probably no lover of scenes would have had very
long to wait
De Quincey.
Behind the scenes, behind the scenery of a
theater; out of the view of the audience, but in sight of the
actors, machinery, etc.; hence, conversant with the hidden
motives and agencies of what appears to public view.
Scene, v. t. To exhibit as a scene; to
make a scene of; to display. [Obs.]
Abp. Sancroft.
Scene"ful (?), a. Having much
scenery. [R.]
Scene"man (?), n.; pl.
Scenemen (. The man who
manages the movable scenes in a theater.
Scen"er*y (?), n. 1.
Assemblage of scenes; the scenes of a play; the disposition
and arrangement of the scenes in which the action of a play,
poem, etc., is laid; representation of place of action or
occurence.
2. Sum of scenes or views; general aspect, as
regards variety and beauty or the reverse, in a landscape;
combination of natural views, as woods, hills, etc.
Never need an American look beyond his own country for the
sublime and beautiful of natural scenery.
W. Irving.
Scene"shift`er (?), n. One who
moves the scenes in a theater; a sceneman.
{ Scen"ic (?), Scen"ic*al
(?) }, a. [L.
scaenicus, scenicus, Gr. sc\'82nique. See Scene.] Of or
pertaining to scenery; of the nature of scenery;
theatrical.
All these situations communicate a scenical
animation to the wild romance, if treated dramatically.
De Quincey.
Scen"o*graph (?), n. [See
Scenography.] A perspective representation or
general view of an object.
{ Scen`o*graph"ic (?),
Scen`o*graph"ic*al (?) }, a.
[Cf. F. sc\'82nographique, Gr.
Of or pertaining to scenography; drawn in perspective.
-- Scen`o*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Sce*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
scenographia, Gr. sc\'82nographie.] The art or
act of representing a body on a perspective plane; also, a
representation or description of a body, in all its dimensions,
as it appears to the eye.
Greenhill.
Scent (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scented; p. pr.
& vb. n. Scenting.] [Originally
sent, fr. F. sentir to feel, to smell. See
Sense.] 1. To perceive by the
olfactory organs; to smell; as, to scent game, as a
hound does.
Methinks I scent the morning air.
Shak.
2. To imbue or fill with odor; to perfume.
Balm from a silver box distilled around,
Shall all bedew the roots, and scent the sacred
ground.
Dryden.
Scent, v. i. 1. To have a
smell. [Obs.]
Thunderbolts . . . do scent strongly of
brimstone.
Holland.
2. To hunt animals by means of the sense of
smell.
Scent, n. 1. That which,
issuing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of animals;
odor; smell; as, the scent of an orange, or of a
rose; the scent of musk.
With lavish hand diffuses scents ambrosial.
prior.
2. Specifically, the odor left by an animal on the
ground in passing over it; as, dogs find or lose the
scent; hence, course of pursuit; track of
discovery.
He gained the observations of innumerable ages, and traveled
upon the same scent into Ethiopia.
Sir W. Temple.
3. The power of smelling; the sense of smell;
as, a hound of nice scent; to divert the
scent.
I. Watts.
Scent"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of scent or odor; odorous. \'bdA
scentful nosegay.\'b8
W. Browne.
2. Of quick or keen smell.
The scentful osprey by the rock had fished.
W. Browne.
Scent"ing*ly (?), adv. By
scent. [R.]
Fuller.
Scent"less, a. Having no scent.
The scentless and the scented rose.
Cowper.
\'d8Scep"sis (?), n. [NL., from
Gr. skepsis.
See Skeptic.] Skepticism; skeptical
philosophy. [R.]
Among their products were the system of Locke, the
scepsis of Hume, the critical philosophy of kant.
J. martineau.
{ Scep"ter, Scep"tre }
(?), n. [F. sceptre, L.
sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See
Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
1. A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a
ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace.
And the king held out Esther the golden scepter
that was in his hand.
Esther v. 2.
2. Hence, royal or imperial power or authority;
sovereignty; as, to assume the scepter.
The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a
lawgiver from between his feet, until Shilon come.
Gen. xlix. 10.
{ Scep"ter, Scep"tre }, v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Sceptered
(?) or Sceptred (p. pr. & vb.
n.
Sceptering (?) or Sceptring
(.] To endow with the scepter, or
emblem of authority; to invest with royal authority.
To Britain's queen the sceptered suppliant
bends.
Tickell.
Scep`ter*el"late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a straight shaft with whorls of
spines; -- said of certain sponge spicules. See
Illust. under Spicule.
{ Scep"ter*less, Scep"tre*less },
a. Having no scepter; without authority;
powerless; as, a scepterless king.
{ Scep"tic (?), Scep"tic*al,
Scep"ti*cism, }etc. See Skeptic,
Skeptical, Skepticism, etc.
Scep"tral (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a scepter; like a scepter.
Scern (?), v. t. To discern; to
perceive. [Obs.]
Schade (?), n. Shade;
shadow. [Obs.]
sh, like
shade, were formerly often spelled with a c
between the s and h; as,
schade; schame; schape;
schort, etc.
Schah (?), n. See
Shah.
Sche"di*asm (?), n. [Gr. Cursory writing on a loose sheet.
[R.]
Sched"ule (?; in England commonly ?;
277), n. [F. c\'82dule, formerly
also spelt schedule, L. schedula, dim. of
scheda, scida, a strip of papyrus bark, a leaf of paper; akin to
(or perh. from) Gr. scindere to cleave, Gr. Schism, and
cf. Cedule.] A written or printed scroll or
sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or
inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as
to a will, a lease, a statute, etc.
<-- 2. Timetable, esp. a list of times at which a conveyance is
expected to arrive or leave.
3. Program, a list of items which will occur during an event,
usu. with the expected time for each item.
4. Agenda. -->
Syn. -- Catalogue; list; inventory. see List.
Sched"ule, v. t. To form into, or place
in, a schedule.
Scheele's" green` (?). [See
Scheelite.] (Chem.) See under
Green.
Scheel"in (?), n. (Chem.)
Scheelium. [Obs.]
Scheel"ite (, n. [From
C.W.Scheele, a Swedish chemist.]
(Min.) Calcium tungstate, a mineral of a white or
pale yellowish color and of the tetragonal system of
crystallization.
Schee"li*um (?), n. [NL. From
C.W.Scheele, who discovered it.]
(Chem.) The metal tungsten.
[Obs.]
Scheik (sh,
n. See Sheik.
Schel"ly (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The powan. [Prov.
Eng.]
\'d8Sche"ma (?), n.; pl.
Schemata (#), E. Schemas
(#). [G. See Scheme.]
(Kantian Philos.) An outline or image universally
applicable to a general conception, under which it is likely to
be presented to the mind; as, five dots in a line are a
schema of the number five; a preceding and succeeding
event are a schema of cause and effect.
Sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. Gr.
Of or pertaining to a scheme or a
schema.
Sche"ma*tism (?), n. [Cf. F.
sch\'82matisme (cf. L. schematismos florid
speech), fr. Gr. Scheme.] 1. (Astrol.)
Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.
2. Particular form or disposition of a thing; an
exhibition in outline of any systematic arrangement.
[R.]
Sche"ma*tist (?), n. One given
to forming schemes; a projector; a schemer.
Swift.
Sche"ma*tize (?), v. i. [Cf. F.
sch\'82matiser, Gr. To form a scheme
or schemes.
Scheme (?), n. [L.
schema a rhetorical figure, a shape, figure, manner,
Gr. sah to be victorious, to endure, to hold out, AS.
sige victory, G. sieg. Cf.
Epoch, Hectic, School.]
1. A combination of things connected and adjusted
by design; a system.
The appearance and outward scheme of things.
Locke.
Such a scheme of things as shall at once take in
time and eternity.
Atterbury.
Arguments . . . sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole
scheme of moral philosophy.
J. Edwards.
The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of
life.
Macaulay.
2. A plan or theory something to be done; a design;
a project; as, to form a scheme.
The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by
lopping off our desires, is like cuttig off our feet when we want
shoes.
Swift.
3. Any lineal or mathematical diagram; an
outline.
To draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map
of France.
South.
4. (Astrol.) A representation of the
aspects of the celestial bodies for any moment o at a given
event.
A blue case, from which was drawn a scheme of
nativity.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Plan; project; contrivance; purpose; device;
plot. -- Scheme, Plan.
Scheme and plan are subordinate to
design; they propose modes of carrying our designs
into effect. Scheme is the least definite of the two,
and lies more in speculation. A plan is drawn out into
details with a view to being carried into effect. As
schemes are speculative, they often prove visionary;
hence the opprobrious use of the words schemer and
scheming. Plans, being more practical, are
more frequently carried into effect.
He forms the well-concerted scheme of mischief;
'T is fixed, 't is done, and both are doomed to death.
Rowe.
Artists and plans relieved my solemn hours;
I founded palaces, and planted bowers.
prior.
Scheme, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Schemed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scheming.] To make a scheme
of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot.
That wickedness which schemed, and executed, his
destruction.
G. Stuart.
Scheme, v. i. To form a scheme or
schemes.
Scheme"ful (?), a. Full of
schemes or plans.
Schem"er (?), n. One who forms
schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an intriguer.
Schemers and confederates in guilt.
Paley.
Schem"ing, a. Given to forming schemes;
artful; intriguing. -- Schem"ing*ly,
adv.
Schem"ist, n. A schemer.
[R.]
Waterland.
Schene (?), n. [L.
schoenus, Gr. sch\'8ane.] (Antiq.) An
Egyptian or Persian measure of length, varying from thirthy-two
to sixty stadia.
Schenk"beer` (?), n. [G.
schenkbier; schenken to pour out +
bier beer; -- so called because put on draught soon
after it is made.] A mild German beer.
Scher"bet (?), n. See
Sherbet.
\'d8Scher"if (? , n. See
Sherif.
\'d8Scher*zan"do (?), adv.
[It.] (Mus.) In a playful or sportive
manner.
\'d8Scher"zo (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) A playful, humorous
movement, commonly in 3-4 measure, which often takes the place of
the old minuet and trio in a sonata or a symphony.
\'d8Sche"sis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. Scheme.] 1. General state or
disposition of the body or mind, or of one thing with regard to
other things; habitude. [Obs.]
Norris.
2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech whereby
the mental habitude of an adversary or opponent is feigned for
the purpose of arguing against him.
Crabb.
{ Schet"ic (?), Schet"ic*al
(?) }, a. [Cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to the habit of the body;
constitutional. [Obs.]
Cudworth.
Schie*dam" (?), n. [Short for
Schiedam schnapps.] Holland gin made at
Schiedam in the Netherlands.
Schil"ler (?), n. [G., play of
colors.] (Min.) The peculiar bronzelike
luster observed in certain minerals, as hypersthene, schiller
spar, etc. It is due to the presence of minute inclusions in
parallel position, and in sometimes of secondary origin.
Schiller spar (Min.), an altered
variety of enstatite, exhibiting, in certain positions, a
bronzelike luster.
Schi`ler*i*za"tion (, n.
(Min.) The act or process of producing schiller
in a mineral mass.
Schil"ling (?), n. [G. See
Shilling.] Any one of several small German
and Dutch coins, worth from about one and a half cents to about
five cents.
\'d8Schin`dy*le"sis (?), n.
[NL., from Gr.
(Anat.) A form of articulation in which one bone
is received into a groove or slit in another.
Schir"rhus (?), n. See
Scirrhus.
Schism (?), n. [OE.
scisme, OF. cisme, scisme, F.
schisme, L. schisma, Gr. scindere, Skr. child, and
prob. to E. shed, v.t. (which see); cf.
Rescind, Schedule, Zest.]
Division or separation; specifically (Eccl.),
permanent division or separation in the Christian church; breach
of unity among people of the same religious faith; the offense of
seeking to produce division in a church without justifiable
cause.
Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth,
and to our schisms by charity.
Eikon Basilike.
<-- p. 1286 -->
Greek schism (Eccl.), the
separation of the Greek and Roman churches. --
Great schism, Western
schism (Eccl.) a schism in the church
in the latter part of the 14th century, on account of rival
claimants to the papal throne. -- Schism act
(Law), an act of the English Parliament requiring
all teachers to conform to the Established Church, -- passed in
1714, repealed in 1719.
\'d8Schis"ma (?), n. [L., a
spilt, separation, Gr. schisma. See
Schism.] (Anc. Mus.) An interval
equal to half a comma.
Schis*mat"ic (sso nearly
all ortho\'89pists), a. [L.
schismaticus, Gr. schismatique.] Of or pertaining to schism;
implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to
schism; as, schismatic opinions or
proposals.
Schis*mat"ic (?; 277), n. One
who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates from an
established church or religious communion on account of a
difference of opinion. \'bdThey were popularly classed
together as canting schismatics.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Heretic; partisan. See Heretic.
Schis*mat"ic*al (?), a. Same as
Schismatic. --
Schismat"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Schis*mat"ic*al*ness, n.
Schis"ma*tize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Schismatized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Schismatizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
schismatiser.] To make part in schism; to
make a breach of communion in the church.
Schism"less (?), a. Free from
schism.
Schist (sh, n. [Gr. schiste.
See Schism.] (Geol.) Any
crystalline rock having a foliated structure (see
Foliation) and hence admitting of ready division into
slabs or slates. The common kinds are mica schist, and
hornblendic schist, consisting chiefly of quartz with
mica or hornblende and often feldspar.
Schis*ta"ceous (?), a. Of a
slate color.
Schist"ic (?), a.
Schistose.
{ Schis*tose" (?; 277),
Schist*ous (?) }, a. [Cf.
F. schisteux.] (Geol.) Of or
pertaining to schist; having the structure of a schist.
Schis*tos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
schistosit\'82.] (Geol.) The
quality or state of being schistose.
Schiz"o- (?). [Gr. A combining form denoting division
or cleavage; as, schizogenesis,
reproduction by fission or cell division.
Schiz"o*carp (?), n.
[Schizo- + Gr.
(Bot.) A dry fruit which splits at maturity into
several closed one-seeded portions.
Schiz"o*c\'d2le (?), n.
[Schizo- + Gr.
(Anat.) See Enteroc\'d2le.
Schiz`o*c\'d2"lous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a
schizoc\'d2le.
Schiz`o*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Schizo- + genesis.]
(Biol.) reproduction by fission.
Haeckel.
Schiz"og*nath (?), n. [See
Schizognathous.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
bird with a schizognathous palate.
\'d8Schi*zog"na*th\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The schizognathous
birds.
Schi*zog"na*thism (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) the condition of having a
schizognathous palate.
Schi*zog"na*thous (?), a.
[Schize- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the maxillo-palatine bones
separate from each other and from the vomer, which is pointed in
front, as in the gulls, snipes, grouse, and many other
birds.
\'d8Schiz`o*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl.,
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Biol.) An order of Schizophyta,
including the so-called fission fungi, or bacteria. See
Schizophyta, in the Supplement.
\'d8Schiz`o*ne*mer"te*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Schizo-, and Nemertes.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of nemerteans comprising those
having a deep slit along each side of the head. See
Illust. in Appendix.
Schiz`o*pel"mous (?), a.
[Schizo- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the two flexor tendons of the
toes entirely separate, and the flexor hallicus going
to the first toe only.
Schiz"o*phyte (?), n.
[Schizo- + Gr.
(Biol.) One of a class of vegetable organisms, in
the classification of Cohn, which includes all of the inferior
forms that multiply by fission, whether they contain chlorophyll
or not.
Schiz"o*pod (?; 277), n.
(Zo\'94l.) one of the Schizopoda. Also used
adjectively.
{ Schiz"o*pod (?; 277),
Schi*zop"o*dous (?) }, a.
Of or pertaining to a schizopod, or the Schizopoda.
\'d8Schi*zop"o*da (?), n. pl.,
[NL. See Schizo-, and -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of shrimplike Thoracostraca
in which each of the thoracic legs has a long fringed upper
branch (exopodite) for swimming.
Sciz`o*rhi"nal (?), a.
[Schizo- + rhinal.] 1.
(Anat.) Having the nasal bones separate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the anterior
nostrils prolonged backward in the form of a slit.
\'d8Schlich (?), n. [G.; akin
to LG. slik mud, D. slijk, MHG.
sl.] (Metal.) The finer
portion of a crushed ore, as of gold, lead, or tin, separated by
the water in certain wet processes. [Written also
slich, slick.]
Schmel"ze (?), n. [G.
schmelz, schmelzglas.] A kind of
glass of a red or ruby color, made in Bohemia.
Schnapps (?), n. [G., a dram of
spirits.] Holland gin. [U.S.]
Schnei*de"ri*an (, a.
(Anat.) Discovered or described by C. V.
Schneider, a German anatomist of the seventeenth
century.
Schneiderian membrane, the mucous membrane
which lines the nasal chambers; the pituitary membrane.
Scho*har"ie grit` (?). (Geol.)
The formation belonging to the middle of the three
subdivisions of the Corniferous period in the American Devonian
system; -- so called from Schoharie, in New York,
where it occurs. See the Chart of
Geology.
Schol"ar (?), n. [OE.
scoler, AS. sc, fr. L.
scholaris belonging to a school, fr. schola
a school. See School.] 1. One who
attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one under the
tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a learner; a
student.
I am no breeching scholar in the schools.
Shak.
2. One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a
learned person; one versed in many branches, of knowledge; a
person of high literary or scientific attainments; a
savant.
Shak. Locke.
3. A man of books.
Bacon.
4. In English universities, an undergraduate who
belongs to the foundation of a college, and receives support in
part from its revenues.
Syn. -- Pupil; learner; disciple. --
Scholar, Pupil. Scholar refers to
the instruction, and pupil to the care and government,
of a teacher. A scholar is one who is under
instruction; a pupil is one who is under the immediate
and personal care of an instructor; hence we speak of a bright
scholar, and an obedient pupil.
Scho*lar"i*ty (?), n. [OF.
scholarit\'82, or LL. scholaritias.]
Scholarship. [Obs.]
. Jonson.
Schol"ar*like` (?), a.
Scholarly.
Bacon.
Schol"ar*ly, a. Like a scholar, or
learned person; showing the qualities of a scholar; as, a
scholarly essay or critique. --
adv. In a scholarly manner.
Schol"ar*ship, n. 1. The
character and qualities of a scholar; attainments in science or
literature; erudition; learning.
A man of my master's . . . great scholarship.
Pope.
2. Literary education. [R.]
Any other house of scholarship.
Milton.
3. Maintenance for a scholar; a foundation for the
support of a student.
T. Warton.
Syn. -- Learning; erudition; knowledge.
Scho*las"tic (?), a. [L.
scholasticus, Gr. scholastique, scolastique.
See School.] 1. Pertaining to, or
suiting, a scholar, a school, or schools; scholarlike; as,
scholastic manners or pride; scholastic
learning.
Sir K. Digby.
2. Of or pertaining to the schoolmen and divines of
the Middle Ages (see Schoolman); as,
scholastic divinity or theology; scholastic
philosophy.
Locke.
3. Hence, characterized by excessive subtilty, or
needlessly minute subdivisions; pedantic; formal.
Scho*las"tic, n. 1. One who
adheres to the method or subtilties of the schools.
Milton.
2. (R.C.Ch.) See the Note under
Jesuit.
Scho*las"tic*al (?), a. & n.
Scholastic.
Scho*las"tic*al*ly, adv. In a scholastic
manner.
Scho*las"ti*cism (?), n. The
method or subtitles the schools of philosophy; scholastic
formality; scholastic doctrines or philosophy.
The spirit of the old scholasticism . . . spurned
laborious investigation and slow induction.
J. P. Smith.
Scho"li*a (?), n. pl. See
Scholium.
Scho"li*ast (?), n. [Gr. scoliate. See
Scholium.] A maker of scholia; a commentator
or annotator.
No . . . quotations from Talmudists and scholiasts
. . . ever marred the effect of his grave temperate
discourses.
Macaulay.
Scho`li*as"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a scholiast, or his pursuits.
Swift.
Scho"li*aze (?), v. i. [Cf. Gr.
To write scholia. [Obs.]
Milton.
Schol"ic*al (?), a. [L.
scholicus, Gr. School.] Scholastic.
[Obs.]
ales.
\'d8Scho"li*on (?), n.
[NL.] A scholium.
A judgment which follows immediately from another is sometimes
called a corollary, or consectary . . . One which illustrates the
science where it appears, but is not an integral part of it, is a
scholion.
Abp. Thomson (Laws of Thought).
Scho"li*um (?), n.; pl. L.
Scholia (#), E. Scholiums
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. School.] 1. Marginal anotation; an
explanatory remark or comment; specifically, an explanatory
comment on the text of a classic author by an early
grammarian.
2. A remark or observation subjoined to a
demonstration or a train of reasoning.
Scho"ly (?), n. A
scholium. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Scho"ly (?), v. i. & t. To
write scholia; to annotate. [Obs.]
School (?), n. [For
shool a crowd; prob. confuced with school
for learning.] A shoal; a multitude; as, a
school of fish.
School, n. [OE. scole, AS.
sc, L. schola, Gr. Scheme.]
1. A place for learned intercourse and instruction;
an institution for learning; an educational establishment; a
place for acquiring knowledge and mental training; as, the
school of the prophets.
Disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.
Acts xix. 9.
2. A place of primary instruction; an establishment
for the instruction of children; as, a primary
school; a common school; a grammar
school.
As he sat in the school at his primer.
Chaucer.
3. A session of an institution of
instruction.
How now, Sir Hugh! No school to-day?
Shak.
4. One of the seminaries for teaching logic,
metaphysics, and theology, which were formed in the Middle Ages,
and which were characterized by academical disputations and
subtilties of reasoning.
At Cambridge the philosophy of Descartes was still dominant in
the schools.
Macaulay.
5. The room or hall in English universities where
the examinations for degrees and honors are held.
6. An assemblage of scholars; those who attend upon
instruction in a school of any kind; a body of pupils.
What is the great community of Christians, but one of the
innumerable schools in the vast plan which God has
instituted for the education of various intelligences?
Buckminster.
7. The disciples or followers of a teacher; those
who hold a common doctrine, or accept the same teachings; a sect
or denomination in philosophy, theology, science, medicine,
politics, etc.
Let no man be less confident in his faith . . . by reason of
any difference in the several schools of
Christians.
Jer. Taylor.
8. The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or
practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or
age; as, he was a gentleman of the old
school.
His face pale but striking, though not handsome after the
schools.
A. S. Hardy.
9. Figuratively, any means of knowledge or
discipline; as, the school of experience.
Boarding school, Common school,
District school, Normal school,
etc. See under Boarding, Common,
District, etc. -- High school, a
free public school nearest the rank of a college.
[U.S.] -- School board, a corporation
established by law in every borough or parish in England, and
elected by the burgesses or ratepayers, with the duty of
providing public school accomodation for all children in their
dictrict. -- School commitee, School
board, an elected commitee of citizens having
charge and care of the public schools in any district, town, or
city, and responsible control of the money appropriated for
school purposes. [U.S.] -- School
days, the period in which youth are sent to
school. -- School district, a division of a
town or city for establishing and conducting schools.
[U.S.] -- Sunday school, Sabbath school, a school held on Sunday for
study of the Bible and for religious instruction; the pupils, or
the teachers and pupils, of such a school,
collectively.
School, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Schooled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Schooling.] 1. To
train in an institution of learning; to educate at a school; to
teach.
He's gentle, never schooled, and yet learned.
Shak.
2. To tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove; to
subject to systematic disciplene; to train.
It now remains for you to school your child,
And ask why God's Anointed be reviled.
Dryden.
The mother, while loving her child with the intensity of a
sole affection, had schooled herself to hope for
little other return than the waywardness of an April breeze.
Hawthorne.
School"book` (?), n. A book
used in schools for learning lessons.
School"boy` (?), n. A boy
belonging to, or attending, a school.
School"dame` (?). n. A
schoolmistress.
School"er*y (, n. Something
taught; precepts; schooling. [Obs.]
penser.
School"fel`low (?), n. One bred
at the same school; an associate in school.
School"girl` (?), n. A girl
belonging to, or attending, a school.
School"house` (?), n. A house
appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for
instruction.<-- a building used for schooling, esp. one
used as an elementary school; usu. small, and usu. constructed
specifically for that purpose. -->
School"ing, n. 1. Instruction
in school; tuition; education in an institution of learning; act
of teaching.
2. Discipline; reproof; reprimand; as, he gave
his son a good schooling.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Compensation for instruction; price or reward
paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.
School"ing, a. [See School a
shoal.] (Zo\'94l.) Collecting or running in
schools or shoals.<-- used of fish -->
Schooling species like the herring and
menhaden.
G. B. Goode.
School"ma'am (?), n. A
schoolmistress. [Colloq.U.S.]
School"maid` (?), n. A
schoolgirl.
Shak.
School"man` (?), n.; pl.
Schoolmen (. One versed in the
niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity.
schoolmen were philosophers and
divines of the Middle Ages, esp. from the 11th century to the
Reformation, who spent much time on points of nice and abstract
speculation. They were so called because they taught in the
medi\'91val universities and schools of divinity.
School"mas`ter (?), n. 1.
The man who presides over and teaches a school; a male
teacher of a school.
Let the soldier be abroad if he will; he can do nothing in
this age. There is another personage abroad, -- a person less
imposing, -- in the eyes of some, perhaps, insignificant. The
schoolmaster is abroad; and I trust to him, armed with
his primer, against the soldier in full military array.
Brougham.
2. One who, or that which, disciplines and
directs.
The law was our schoolmaster, to bring us into
Christ.
Gal. iii. 24.
<-- p. 1287 -->
School"mate` (?), n. A pupil
who attends the same school as another.
School"mis`tress (?), n. A
woman who governs and teaches a school; a female
school-teacher.
School"room` (?), n. A room in
which pupils are taught.
School"ship` (?), n. A vessel
employed as a nautical training school, in which naval
apprentices receive their education at the expense of the state,
and are trained for service as sailors. Also, a vessel used as a
reform school to which boys are committed by the courts to be
disciplined, and instructed as mariners.
School"-teach`er (?), n. One
who teaches or instructs a school. --
School"-teach`ing, n.
School"ward (?), adv. Toward
school.
Chaucer.
Schoon"er (?), n. [See the Note
below. Cf. Shun.] (Naut.)
Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two topsails
on one or both masts and was called a topsail
schooner. About 1840, longer vesels with three masts,
fore-and-aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vesels
with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built.
Schooners with more than two masts are designated
three-masted schooners, four-masted
schooners, etc. See Illustration in
Appendix.<-- since early in the 20th century, almost all
ocean commerce has been conducted on motorized ships, and such
sailing ships have survived primarily as historical curiosities,
or as pleasure boats. -->
schooner ever constructed is
said to have between built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about
theyar 1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have received
its name from the following trivial circumstance: When the vessel
went off the stocks into the water, a bystander cried out,\'bdO,
how she scoons!\'b8 Robinson replied, \'bd A
scooner let her be;\'b8 and, from that time, vessels
thus masted and rigged have gone by this name. The word
scoon is popularly used in some parts of New England
to denote the act of making stones skip along the surface of
water. The Scottish scon means the same thing. Both
words are probably allied to the Icel. skunda,
skynda, to make haste, hurry, AS. scunian
to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun. In the New England
records, the word appears to have been originally written
scooner. Babson, in his \'bdHistory of Gloucester,\'b8
gives the following extract from a letter written in that place
Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas
Prince, the annalist of New England: \'bdThis gentleman (Captain
Robinson) was first contriver of schooners, and built
the first of that sort about eight years since.\'b8
Schoon"er, n. [D.] A large
goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or ale.
[U.S.]
Schorl (sh\'93rl), n. [G.
sch\'94rl; cf. Sw. sk\'94rl.]
(Min.) Black tourmaline. [Written
also shorl.]
Schor*la"ceous (?), a.
Partaking of the nature and character of schorl; resembling
schorl.
Schorl"ous (?), a.
Schorlaceous.
Schorl"y> (, a. Pertaining
to, or containing, schorl; as, schorly
granite.
{ Schot"tish, Schot"tische },
(, n. [F. schottish,
schotisch from G. schottisch Scottish,
Scotch.] A Scotch round dance in 2-4 time, similar to
the polka, only slower; also, the music for such a dance; -- not
to be confounded with the \'90cossaise.
Schrei"bers*ite (?), n. [Named
after Carl von Schreibers, of Vienna.]
(Min.) A mineral occurring in steel-gray flexible
folia. It contains iron, nickel, and phosphorus, and is found
only in meteoric iron.
Schrode (?), n. See
Scrod.
Schwan's" sheath` (?). [So called from
Theodor Schwann, a German anatomist of the 19th
century.] (Anat.) The neurilemma.
Schwann's white" sub"stance (?).
(Anat.) The substance of the medullary
sheath.
Schwan"pan` (?), n. Chinese
abacus.
\'d8Schweit"zer*k\'84"se (?), n.
[G. schweizerk\'84se Swiss cheese.]
Gruy\'8are cheese.
{ Schwenk"feld`er (?),
Schwenk"feld`i*an (?) }, n.
A member of a religious sect founded by Kaspar von
Schwenkfeld, a Silesian reformer who disagreed with Luther,
especially on the deification of the body of Christ.
Sci*\'91"noid (?), a. [L.
sci\'91na a kind of fish (fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Sci\'91nid\'91, a family of marine
fishes which includes the meagre, the squeteague, and the
kingfish.
Sci"a*graph (?), n. [See
Sciagraphy.] 1. (Arch.)
An old term for a vertical section of a building; -- called
also sciagraphy. See Vertical
section, under Section.
2. (Phys.) A radiograph.
[Written also skiagraph.]
Sci`a*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. sciagraphique, Gr. Pertaining to
sciagraphy. -- Sci`a*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Sci*ag"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. sciagraphie.] 1.
The art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as
they fall in nature.
Gwilt.
2. (Arch.) Same as
Siagraph.
Sci*am"a*chy (?), n. See
Sciomachy.
{ Sci`a*ther"ic (?),
Sci`a*ther"ic*al (?) }, a.
[Gr. Belonging to a sundial.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
-- Sci`a*ther"ic*al*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
J. Gregory.
Sci*at"ic (?), a. [F.
sciatique, LL. sciaticus, from L.
inschiadicus, Gr. Ischiadic.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hip; in the
region of, or affecting, the hip; ischial; ischiatic; as, the
sciatic nerve, sciatic pains.
Sci*at"ic, n. [Cf. F.
sciatique.] (Med.)
Sciatica.
Sci*at"i*ca (?), n. [NL.]
(Med.) Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an
affection characterized by paroxysmal attacks of pain in the
buttock, back of the thing, or in the leg or foot, following the
course of the branches of the sciatic nerve. The name is also
popularly applied to various painful affections of the hip and
the parts adjoininhg. See Ischiadic passion, under
Ischiadic.
Sci*at"ic*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Sciatic.
Sci*at"ic*ly, adv. With, or by means of,
sciatica.
Scib"bo*leth (?), n.
Shibboleth. [Obs.]
Sci"ence (?), n. [F., fr. L.
scientia, fr. sciens, -entis,
p.pr. of scire to know. Cf. Conscience,
Conscious, Nice.] 1.
Knowledge; lnowledge of principles and causes; ascertained
truth of facts.
If we conceive God's or science, before the
creation, to be extended to all and every part of the world,
seeing everything as it is, . . . his science or sight
from all eternity lays no necessity on anything to come to
pass.
Hammond.
Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental
philosophy.
Coleridge.
2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has
been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery
of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge
classified and made available in work, life, or the search for
truth; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge.
All this new science that men lere [teach].
Chaucer.
Science is . . . a complement of cognitions,
having, in point of form, the character of logical perfection,
and in point of matter, the character of real truth.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to
the physical world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution,
and forces of matter, the qualities and function of living
tissues, etc.; -- called also natural science,
and physical science.
Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field entirely
unexplored in science, poetry, history,
philosophy.
J. Morley.
4. Any branch or departament of systematized
knowledge considered as a distinct field of investigation or
object of study; as, the science of astronomy, of
chemistry, or of mind.
Trivium, the remaining four in the
Quadrivium.
Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven,
And though no science, fairly worth the seven.
Pope.
5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the
result of knowledge of laws and principles.
His science, coolness, and great strength.
G. A. Lawrence.
Science is applied or
pure. Applied science is a knowledge of
facts, events, or phenomena, as explained, accounted for, or
produced, by means of powers, causes, or laws. Pure
science is the knowledge of these powers, causes, or laws,
considered apart, or as pure from all applications.
Both these terms have a similar and special signification when
applied to the science of quantity; as, the applied
and pure mathematics. Exact science is
knowledge so systematized that prediction and verification, by
measurement, experiment, observation, etc., are possible. The
mathematical and physical sciences are called the exact
sciences.
Comparative sciences, Inductive
sciences. See under Comparative, and
Inductive.
Syn. -- Literature; art; knowledge. --
Science, Literature, Art.
Science is literally knowledge, but more
usually denotes a systematic and orderly arrangement of
knowledge. In a more distinctive sense, science
embraces those branches of knowledge of which the subject-matter
is either ultimate principles, or facts as explained by
principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The term
literature sometimes denotes all compositions not
embraced under science, but usually confined to the
belles-lettres. [See Literature.]
Art is that which depends on practice and skill in
performance. \'bdIn science, scimus ut
sciamus; in art, scimus ut producamus. And,
therefore, science and art may be said to
be investigations of truth; but one, science, inquires
for the sake of knowledge; the other, art, for the
sake of production; and hence science is more
concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower;
and science never is engaged, as art is, in
productive application. And the most perfect state of
science, therefore, will be the most high and accurate
inquiry; the perfection of art will be the most apt
and efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself into
the form of rules.\'b8
Karslake.
Sci"ence, v. t. To cause to become
versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct.
[R.]
Francis.
Sci"ent (?), a. [L.
sciens, -entis, p.pr.] Knowing;
skillful. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
\'d8Sci*en"ter (?), adv.
[L.] (Law) Knowingly; willfully.
Bouvier.
Sci*en"tial (?), a. [LL.
scientialis, fr. L. scientic.]
Pertaining to, or producing, science.
[R.]
Milton.
Sci`en*tif"ic (?), a. [F.
scientifique; L. scientia science +
facere to make.] 1. Of or
pertaining to science; used in science; as,
scientific principles; scientific apparatus;
scientific observations.
2. Agreeing with, or depending on, the rules or
principles of science; as, a scientific
classification; a scientific arrangement of
fossils.
3. Having a knowledge of science, or of a science;
evincing science or systematic knowledge; as, a
scientific chemist; a scientific reasoner; a
scientific argument.
Bossuet is as scientific in the structure of his
sentences.
Lander.
Scientific method, the method employed in
exact science and consisting of: (a) Careful and abundant
observation and experiment. (b) generalization of the
results into formulated \'bdLaws\'b8 and statements.
Sci`en*tif"ic*al (?), a.
Scientific.
Locke.
Sci`en*tif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
scientific manner; according to the rules or principles of
science.
It is easier to believe than to be scientifically
instructed.
Locke.
Sci"en*tist (?), n. One learned
in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted to scientific
study; a savant. [Recent]
scientist, though scarcely euphonious, has
gradually assumed its place in our vocabulary.
B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).
<-- MW10 gives 1834 as first ref. date. -->
Scil"i*cet (?), adv. [L., fr.
scire licet you may know.] To wit; namely;
videlicet; -- often abbreviated to sc., or
ss.
Scil"la*in (?), n.
(Chem.) A glucoside extracted from squill
(Scilla) as a light porous substance.
Scil"li*tin (?), n. [Cf. F.
scilistine.] (Chem.) A bitter
principle extracted from the bulbs of the squill
(Scilla), and probably consisting of a complex mixture
of several substances.
{ Scim"i*ter , Scim"i*tar }
(?), n. [F. cimeterre, cf.
It. scimitarra, Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan
cimetarry with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per.
shimsh\'c6r.] 1. A saber with a
much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use
among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians.
[Written also cimeter, and
scymetar.]
2. A long-handled billhook. See
Billhook.
Scimiter pods (Bot.), the immense
curved woody pods of a leguminous woody climbing plant
(Entada scandens) growing in tropical India and
America. They contain hard round flattish seeds two inches in
diameter, which are made into boxes.
Scin"coid (?), a. [L.
scincus a kind of lizard (fr. Gr. -oid. Cf. Skink.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to the family Scincid\'91, or
skinks. -- n. A
scincoidian.
\'d8Scin*coi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of lizards
including the skinks. See Skink.
Scin*coid"i*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of lizards
of the family Scincid\'91 or tribe Scincoidea. The
tongue is not extensile. The body and tail are covered with
overlapping scales, and the toes are margined. See
Illust. under Skink.
Scin"iph (?), n. [L.
scinifes, cinifes, or ciniphes,
pl., Gr. Some kind of stinging or biting insect,
as a flea, a gnat, a sandly, or the like.
Ex. viii. 17 (Douay version).
Scink (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A skink.
Scink (?), n. A slunk
calf. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Scin*til"la (?), n.
[L.] A spark; the least particle; an iota; a
tittle.
R. North.
Scin"til*lant (?), a. [L.
scintillans, p.pr. of scintillare to
sparkle. See Scintillate.] Emitting sparks,
or fine igneous particles; sparkling.
M. Green.
Scin"til*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scintillated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scintillating.] [L.
scintillare, scintillatum, from
scintilla a spark. Cf. Stencil.]
1. To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles.
As the electrical globe only scintillates when
rubbed against its cushion.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars.
Scin`til*la"tion (?), n. [L.
scintillatio: cf. F. scintillation.]
1. The act of scintillating.
2. A spark of flash emitted in scintillating.
These scintillations are . . . the inflammable
effluences discharged from the bodies collided.
Sir T. Browne.
Scin"til*lous (?), a.
Scintillant. [R.]
Scin"til*lous*ly, adv. In a scintillant
manner. [R.]
Sci*og"ra*phy (?), n. See
Sciagraphy.
Sci"o*lism (?), n. [See
Sciolist.] The knowledge of a sciolist;
superficial knowledge.
Sci"o*list (?), n. [L.
sciolus. See Sciolous.] One who
knows many things superficially; a pretender to science; a
smatterer.
These passages in that book were enough to humble the
presumption of our modern sciolists, if their pride
were not as great as their ignorance.
Sir W. Temple.
A master were lauded and scolists shent.
R. Browning.
Sci`o*lis"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to sciolism, or a sciolist; partaking of sciolism;
resembling a sciolist.
Sci"o*lous (?), a. [L.
scilus, dim. of scius knowing, fr.
scire to know. See Science.]
Knowing superficially or imperfectly.
Howell.
Sci*om"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. sciomachie,
sciamachie.] A fighting with a shadow; a
mock contest; an imaginary or futile combat.
[Written also scimachy.]
Cowley.
Sci"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. sciomance,
scaimancie.] Divination by means of
shadows.
Sci"on (?), n. [OF.
cion, F. scion, probably fron
scier to saw, fr. L. secare to cut. Cf.
Section.] 1. (Bot.)
(a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker.
(b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for
grafting. [Formerly written also cion, and
cyon.]
2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a
scion of a royal stock.
Sci*op"tic (?), a. [Gr. scioptique.
See Optic.] (Opt.) Of or
pertaining to an optical arrangement for forming images in a
darkened room, usually called scioptic ball.
Scioptic ball (Opt.), the lens of a
camera obscura mounted in a wooden ball which fits a socket in a
window shutter so as to be readily turned, like the eye, to
different parts of the landscape.
Sci*op"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See
Scioptic.] A kind of magic lantorn.
Sci*op"tics (?), n. The art or
process of exhibiting luminous images, especially those of
external objects, in a darkened room, by arrangements of lenses
or mirrors.
Sci*op"tric (?), a.
(Opt.) Scioptic.
Sci"ot (?), a. Of or pertaining
to the island Scio (Chio or Chios). --
n. A native or inhabitant of
Scio. [Written also
Chiot.]
Sci`o*ther"ic (?), a. [Cf. L.
sciothericon Sciatheric.] Of or pertaining to a
sundial.
Sciotheric telescope (Dialing), an
instrument consisting of a horizontal dial, with a telescope
attached to it, used for determining the time, whether of day or
night.
Sci"ous (?), a. [L.
scius.] Knowing; having knowledge.
\'bdBrutes may be and are scious.\'b8
Coleridge.
<-- p. 1288 -->
\'d8Sci`re fa"ci*as (?). [L., do you cause
to know.] (Law) A judicial writ, founded
upon some record, and requiring the party proceeded against to
show cause why the party bringing it should not have advantage of
such record, or (as in the case of scire facias to
repeal letters patent) why the record should not be annulled or
vacated.
Wharton. Bouvier.
Scir"rhoid (?), a.
[Scirhus + -oid.]
Resembling scirrhus.
Dungliston.
Scir*rhos"i*ty (?), n.
(Med.) A morbid induration, as of a gland; stste
of being scirrhous.
Scir"rhous (?), a. [NL.
scirrhosus.] (Med.) Proceeding
from scirrhus; of the nature of scirrhus; indurated; knotty;
as, scirrhous affections; scirrhous
disease. [Written also
skirrhous.]
Scir"rhus (?), n.; pl. L.
Scirrhi (#), E. Scirrhuses
(#). [NL., from L. scirros, Gr.
(Med.)
(a) An indurated organ or part; especially, an
indurated gland. [Obs.] (b) A
cancerous tumor which is hard, translucent, of a gray or bluish
color, and emits a creaking sound when incised.
[Sometimes incorrectly written schirrus;
written also skirrhus.]
Scis`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
sciscitatio, fr. sciscere to seek to know,
v. incho. from scire to know.] The act of
inquiring; inquiry; demand. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Scise (?), v. i. [L.
scindere, scissum, to cut, split.]
To cut; to penetrate. [Obs.]
The wicked steel scised deep in his right side.
Fairfax.
Scis"sel (?), n. [Cf.
Scissile.] 1. The clippings of
metals made in various mechanical operations.
2. The slips or plates of metal out of which
circular balnks have been cut for the purpose of coinage.
Scis"si*ble (?), a. [L.
scindere, scissum, to
Capable of being cut or divided by a sharp instrument.
[R.]
con.
Scis"sil (?), n. See
Scissel.
Scis"sile (?), a. [L.
scissilis, fr. scindere,
scissum, to cut, to split: cf. F. scissile.
See Schism.] Capable of being cut smoothly;
scissible. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Scis"sion (?), n. [L.
scissio, fr. scindere,
scis, to cut, to split: cf. F.
scission.] The act of dividing with an
instrument having a sharp edge.
Wiseman.
Scis`si*par"i*ty (?), n. [L.
scissus (p.p. of scindere to split) +
parere to bring forth: cf.F.
scissiparit\'82.] (Biol.)
Reproduction by fission.
Scis"sor (?), v. t. To cut with
scissors or shears; to prepare with the aid of scissors.
Massinger.
Scis"sors (?), n. pl. [OE.
sisoures, OF. cisoires (cf. F.
ciseaux), probably fr. LL. cisorium a
cutting instrument, fr. L. caedere to cut. Cf.
Chisel, Concise. The modern spelling is due to
a mistaken derivation from L. scissor one who cleaves
or divides, fr. scindere, scissum, to cut,
spilt.] A cutting instrument resembling shears, but
smaller, consisting of two cutting blades with handles, movable
on a pin in the center, by which they are held together. Often
called a pair of scissors.
[Formerly written also cisors,
cizars, and scissars.]
Scissors grinder (Zo\'94l.), the
European goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]
Scis"sors*bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Skimmer.
Scis"sors*tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A tyrant flycatcher (Milvulus
forficatus) of the Southern United States and Mexico, which
has a deeply forked tail. It is light gray above, white beneath,
salmon on the flanks, and fiery red at the base of the crown
feathers.
Scis"sors-tailed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the outer feathers much the
longest, the others decreasing regularly to the median
ones.
Scis"sure (?), n. [L.
scissura, from scindere,
scissum, to cut, spilt.] A longitudinal
opening in a body, made by cutting; a cleft; a fissure.
Hammond.
Scit`a*min"e*ous (?; 277), a.
[NL. sciamineosus, fr. Scitamineze,
fr. L. scitamentum a delicacy, dainty.]
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (Scitamime\'91), mostly tropical herbs,
including the ginger, Indian shot, banana, and the plants
producing turmeric and arrowroot.
Sci"u*rine (?; 277), a. [Cf. F.
sciurien. See Sciurus.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Squirrel
family. -- n. A rodent of the
Squirrel family.
Sci"u*roid (?), a.
[Sciurus + -oid.]
(Bot.) Resembling the tail of a squirrel; --
generally said of branches which are close and dense, or of
spikes of grass like barley.
\'d8Sci`u*ro*mor"pha (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. sciurus squirrel + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of rodents
containing the squirrels and allied animals, such as the gophers,
woodchucks, beavers, and others.
\'d8Sci*u"rus (?), n. [L., a
squirrel, Gr. Squirrel.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of reodents comprising the
common squirrels.
Sclaun"dre (?), n.
Slander. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Sclav (?), Sclave },
n. Same as Slav.
Sclav"ic (?), a. Same as
Slavic.
Sclav"ism (?), n. Same as
Slavism.
Scla*vo"nian (?), a. & n. Same
as Slavonian.
Scla*von"ic (?), a. Same as
Slavonic.
Sclen"der (?), a.
Slender. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Scler"a*go`gy (?), n. [Gr. Severe
discipline. [Obs.]
Bp. Hacket.
\'d8Scle*re"ma (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.) Induration of the
cellular tissue.
Sclerema of adults. See
Scleroderma. -- \'d8Sclerema neonatorum
( [NL., of the newborn], an affection
characterized by a peculiar hardening and rigidity of the
cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues in the newly born. It is
usually fatal. Called also skinbound
disease.
Scle*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. -enchyma as in
parenchyma.] 1. (Bot.)
Vegetable tissue composed of short cells with thickened or
hardened walls, as in nutshells and the gritty parts of a pear.
See Sclerotic.
liber cells.
Goodale.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The hard calcareous
deposit in the tissues of Anthozoa, constituing the stony
corals.
Scler`en*chym"a*tous (?), a.
(Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or composed of,
sclerenchyma.
Scle*ren"chyme (?), n.
Sclerenchyma.
\'d8Scle*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. gr. (Med.) (a) A morbid
induration of the edge of the eyelid. (b)
Induration of any part, including scleroderma.
Scle"rite (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A hard chitinous or calcareous process
or corpuscle, especially a spicule of the Alcyonaria.
\'d8Scle*ri"tis (?), n.
[NL.] See Sclerottis.
Scler"o*base (? , n.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
The calcareous or hornlike coral forming the central stem or
axis of most compound alcyonarians; -- called also foot
secretion. See Illust. under
Gorgoniacea, and C\'d2nenchyma. --
Scler`o*ba"sic (#),
a.
Scler"o*derm (? , n.
[Gr. scl\'82roderme.] (a)
(Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of plectognath fishes
(Sclerodermi) having the skin covered with hard
scales, or plates, as the cowfish and the trunkfish.
(b) One of the Sclerodermata. (c)
Hardened, or bony, integument of various animals.
\'d8Scler`o*der"ma (?), n.
[NL.] (Med.) A disease of adults,
characterized by a diffuse rigidity and hardness of the
skin.
\'d8Scler`o*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The stony corals; the
Madreporaria.
{ Scler`o*der"mic (?),
Scler`o*der"mous (?) },
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the integument, or
skin, hard, or covered with hard plates. (b)
Of or pertaining to the Sclerodermata.
Scler`o*der"mite (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The hard integument of
Crustacea. (b) Sclerenchyma.
Scler"o*gen (? , n. [Gr.
sklhro`s hard + -gen.]
(Bot.) The thickening matter of woody cells;
lignin.
Scle*reg"e*nous (?), a. [Gr.
sklhro`s hard + -genous.]
(Anat.) Making or secreting a hard substance;
becoming hard.
Scle"roid (?), a. [Gr. sklhro`s hard + (Bot.)
Having a hard texture, as nutshells.
\'d8Scle*ro"ma (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. sklhro`s hard + -oma.]
(Med.) Induration of the tissues. See
Sclerma, Scleroderma, and
Sclerosis.
Scle*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
sklhro`s hard + -meter.] An
instrument for determining with accuracy the degree of hardness
of a mineral.
Scle*rosed" (?), a. Affected
with sclerosis.
\'d8Scle*ro"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (sklhro`s hard.] 1.
(Med.) Induration; hardening; especially, that
form of induration produced in an organ by increase of its
interstitial connective tissue.
2. (Bot.) Hardening of the cell wall by
lignification.
Cerebro-spinal sclerosis (Med.), an
affection in which patches of hardening, produced by increase of
the neuroglia and atrophy of the true nerve tissue, are found
scattered throughout the brain and spinal cord. It is associated
with complete or partial paralysis, a peculiar jerking tremor of
the muscles, headache, and vertigo, and is usually fatal. Called
also multiple, disseminated, .<-- now only multiple sclerosis, MS
-->
Scle`re*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Gr.
skeleton.] (Anat.)
That part of the skeleton which is developed in tendons,
ligaments, and aponeuroses.
Sce*ro"tal (?), a.
(Anat.) Sclerotic. -- n.
The optic capsule; the sclerotic coat of the
eye.
Owen.
Scle*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. scl\'82rotique.] 1.
Hard; firm; indurated; -- applied especially in anatomy to
the firm outer coat of the eyeball, which is often cartilaginous
and sometimes bony.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
sclerotic coat of the eye; sclerotical.
3. (Med.) Affected with sclerosis; sclerosed.
Sclerotic parenchyma (Bot.),
sclerenchyma. By some writers a distinction is made,
sclerotic parenchyma being applied to tissue composed
of cells with the walls hardened but not thickened, and
sclerenchyma to tissue composed of cells with the walls
both hardened and thickened.
Scle*rot"ic, n. [Cf. F.
scl\'82rotique.] (Anat.) The
sclerotic coat of the eye. See Illust. of Eye
(d).
Scle*rot"ic, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from ergot
or the sclerotium of a fungus growing on rye.
Scle*rot"ic*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Sclerotic.
\'d8Scler`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL.
See Sclerotic, and -rris.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the sclerotic coat.
\'d8Scle*ro"ti*um (?), n.; pl.
Sclerotia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 1. (Bot.) A hardened body
formed by certain fungi, as by the Claviceps purpurea,
which produced ergot.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The nature or resting
stage of a plasmodium.
Scler"o*tome (? , n.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the bony, cartilaginous, or membranous partitoins
which separate the myotomes. --
Scler`o*tom"ic (#),
a.
Scle"rous (?), a. [Gr.
(Anat.) Hard; indurated;
sclerotic.
Scoat (?), v. t. To prop; to
scotch. [Prov. Eng.]
Scob"by (?), n. The
chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]
Scob"i*form (?), a. [L.
scobs, or scobis, sawdust, scrapings +
-form: cf. F. scobiforme.]
Having the form of, or resembling, sawdust or
raspings.
Scobs, n. sing. & pl. [L.
scobs, or scobis, fr. scabere to
scrape.] 1. Raspings of ivory, hartshorn,
metals, or other hard substance.
Chambers.
2. The dross of metals.
Scoff (?; 115), n. [OE.
scof; akin to OFries. schof, OHG.
scoph, Icel. skaup, and perh. to E.
shove.] 1. Derision; ridicule;
mockery; derisive or mocking expression of scorn, contempt, or
reproach.
With scoffs, and scorns, and contumelious
taunts.
Shak.
2. An object of scorn, mockery, or derision.
The scoff of withered age and beardless youth.
Cowper.
Scoff, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Scoffed (?; 115); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scoffing.] [Cf. Dan.
skuffe to deceive, delude, Icel. skopa to
scoff, OD. schoppen. See Scoff,
n.] To show insolent ridicule or mockery;
to manifest contempt by derisive acts or language; -- often with
at.
Thuth from his lips prevailed with double sway,
And fools who came to scoff, remained to pray.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To sneer; mock; gibe; jeer. See
Sneer.
Scoff, v. t. To treat or address with
derision; to assail scornfully; to mock at.
To scoff religion is ridiculously proud and
immodest.
Glanwill.
Scoff"er (?), n. One who
scoffs.
2 Pet. iii. 3.
Scoff"er*y (?), n. The act of
scoffing; scoffing conduct; mockery.
Holinshed.
Scoff"ing*ly, adv. In a scoffing
manner.
Broome.
Scoke (?), n. (Bot.)
Poke (Phytolacca decandra).
Sco*lay" (?), v. i. See
Scoley. [Obs.]
Scold (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scolded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Scolding.] [Akin to D.
schelden, G. schelten, OHG.
sceltan, Dan. skielde.] To find
fault or rail with rude clamor; to brawl; to utter harsh, rude,
boisterous rebuke; to chide sharply or coarsely; -- often with
at; as, to scold at a servant.
Pardon me, lords, 't is the first time ever
I was forced to scold.
Shak.
Scold, v. t. To chide with rudeness and
clamor; to rate; also, to rebuke or reprove with severity.
Scold, n. 1. One who scolds, or
makes a practice of scolding; esp., a rude, clamorous woman; a
shrew.
She is an irksome, brawling scold.
Shak.
2. A scolding; a brawl.
Scold"er (?), n. 1.
One who scolds.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The oyster
catcher; -- so called from its shrill cries. (b)
The old squaw. [Local U.S.]
Scold"ing, a. & n. from Scold,
v.
Scolding bridle, an iron frame. See
Brank, n., 2.
Scold"ing*ly, adv. In a scolding
manner.
Scole (?), n. School.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Sco*le"ci*da (? , n. pl.
[NL. See Scolex.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Helminthes.
Scol"e*cite (? , n.
[Gr. (Min.)
A zeolitic mineral occuring in delicate radiating groups of
white crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia and lime.
Called also lime mesotype.
\'d8Sco*le`co*mor"pha (, n. pl.
[NL. See Solex, -morphous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Scolecida.
\'d8Sco"lex (?), n.; pl.
Scoleces (#). [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
embryo produced directly from the egg in a metagenetic series,
especially the larva of a tapeworm or other parasitic worm. See
Illust. of Echinococcus. (b)
One of the Scolecida.
Sco*ley" (?), v. i. [Cf. OF.
escoler to teach. See School.] To
go to school; to study. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Sco`li*o"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.) A lateral
curvature of the spine.
\'d8Scol"i*thus (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) A tubular structure found in Potsdam
sandstone, and believed to be the fossil burrow of a marine
worm.
Scol"lop (?), n. & v. See
Scallop.
Scol`o*pa"cine (?), a. [L.
scolopax a snipe, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Scolopacid\'91, or Snipe family.
\'d8Scol`o*pen"dra (?), n. [L.,
a kind of multiped, fr. Gr. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of venomous myriapods
including the centipeds. See Centiped.
2. A sea fish. [R.]
Spenser.
Scol`o*pen"drine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
Scolopendra.
Scol"y*tid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of small bark-boring beetles of the genus
Scolytus and allied genera. Also used
adjectively.
\'d8Scom"ber (?), n. [L., a
mackerel, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
acanthopterygious fishes which includes the common
mackerel.
Scom"ber*oid (?), a. & n. [Cf.
F. scomn\'82ro\'8bde.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Scombroid.
<-- p. 1289 -->
\'d8Scom`bri*for"mes (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of fishes
including the mackerels, tunnies, and allied fishes.
Scom"broid (?), a.
[Scomber + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the Mackerel
family. -- n. Any fish of the family
Scombrid\'91, of which the mackerel
(Scomber) is the type.
Scom"fish (? , v. t. & i.
To suffocate or stifle; to smother. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]
Scom"tit (?), n. & v.
Discomfit. [Obs.]
Scomm (?), n. [L.
scomma a taunt, jeer, scoff, Gr. 1. A bufoon.
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
2. A flout; a jeer; a gibe; a taunt.
[Obs.]
Fortherby.
Sconce (?), n. [D.
schans, OD. schantse, perhaps from OF.
esconse a hiding place, akin to esconser to
hide, L. absconsus, p. p. of
abscondere. See Abscond, and cf.
Ensconce, Sconce a candlestick.]
1. A fortification, or work for defense; a
fort.
No sconce or fortress of his raising was ever known
either to have been forced, or yielded up, or quitted.
Milton.
2. A hut for protection and shelter; a stall.
One that . . . must raise a sconce by the highway
and sell switches.
Beau. & Fl.
3. A piece of armor for the head; headpiece;
helmet.
I must get a sconce for my head.
Shak.
4. Fig.: The head; the skull; also, brains; sense;
discretion. [Colloq.]
To knock him about the sconce with a dirty
shovel.
Shak.
5. A poll tax; a mulct or fine.
Johnson.
6. [OF. esconse a dark lantern,
properly, a hiding place. See Etymol. above.] A
protection for a light; a lantern or cased support for a candle;
hence, a fixed hanging or projecting candlestick.
Tapers put into lanterns or sconces of
several-colored, oiled paper, that the wind might not annoy
them.
Evelyn.
Golden sconces hang not on the walls.
Dryden.
7. Hence, the circular tube, with a brim, in a
candlestick, into which the candle is inserted.
8. (Arch.) A squinch.
9. A fragment of a floe of ice.
Kane.
10. [Perhaps a different word.] A fixed
seat or shelf. [Prov. Eng.]
Sconce, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sconced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sconcing.] 1. To shut
up in a sconce; to imprison; to insconce.
[Obs.]
Immure him, sconce him, barricade him in 't.
Marston.
2. To mulct; to fine. [Obs.]
Milton.
Scon"choon (?), n.
(Arch.) A squinch.
Scone (?), n. A cake, thinner
than a bannock, made of wheat or barley or oat meal.
[Written variously, scon, skone,
skon, etc.] [Scot.]
Burns.
Scoop (?), n. [OE.
scope, of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. skopa,
akin to D. schop a shovel, G. sch\'81ppe,
and also to E. shove. See Shovel.]
1. A large ladle; a vessel with a long handle, used
for dipping liquids; a utensil for bailing boats.
2. A deep shovel, or any similar implement for
digging out and dipping or shoveling up anything; as, a flour
scoop; the scoop of a dredging
machine.
3. (Surg.) A spoon-shaped instrument,
used in extracting certain substances or foreign bodies.
4. A place hollowed out; a basinlike cavity; a
hollow.
Some had lain in the scoop of the rock.
J. R. Drake.
5. A sweep; a stroke; a swoop.
6. The act of scooping, or taking with a scoop or
ladle; a motion with a scoop, as in dipping or shoveling.
Scoop net, a kind of hand net, used in
fishing; also, a net for sweeping the bottom of a river. --
Scoop wheel, a wheel for raising water, having
scoops or buckets attached to its circumference; a
tympanum.
Scoop, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scooped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scooping.] [OE.
scopen. See Scoop, n.]
1. To take out or up with, a scoop; to lade
out.
He scooped the water from the crystal flood.
Dryden.
2. To empty by lading; as, to scoop a
well dry.
3. To make hollow, as a scoop or dish; to excavate;
to dig out; to form by digging or excavation.
Those carbuncles the Indians will scoop, so as to
hold above a pint.
Arbuthnot.
Scoop"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which scoops.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The avocet; -- so called
because it scoops up the mud to obtain food.
Scoot (?), v. i. To walk fast;
to go quickly; to run hastily away. [Colloq. &
Humorous, U.S.]
Sco"pa*rin (?), n.
(Chem.) A yellow gelatinous or crystalline
substance found in broom (Cytisus scoparius)
accompanying sparte\'8bne.
Sco"pate (?), a. [L.
scopae, scopa, a broom.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the surface closely covered
with hairs, like a brush.
-scope (. [Gr. skopo`s a
watcher, spy. See Scope.] A combining form
usually signifying an instrument for viewing (with the
eye) or observing (in any way); as in
microscope, telescope, altoscope,
anemoscope.
Scope (?), n. [It.
scopo, L. scopos a mark, aim, Gr.
skopo`s, a watcher, mark, aim; akin to spy. Cf. Skeptic,
Bishop.] 1. That at which one aims;
the thing or end to which the mind directs its view; that which
is purposed to be reached or accomplished; hence, ultimate
design, aim, or purpose; intention; drift; object.
\'bdShooting wide, do miss the marked scope.\'b8
Spenser.
Your scope is as mine own,
So to enforce or quality the laws
As to your soul seems good.
Shak.
The scope of all their pleading against man's
authority, is to overthrow such laws and constitutions in the
church.
Hooker.
2. Room or opportunity for free outlook or aim;
space for action; amplitude of opportunity; free course or vent;
liberty; range of view; intent, or action.
Give him line and scope.
Shak.
In the fate and fortunes of the human race, scope
is given to the operation of laws which man must always fail to
discern the reasons of.
I. Taylor.
Excuse me if I have given too much scope to the
reflections which have arisen in my mind.
Burke.
An intellectual cultivation of no moderate depth or
scope.
Hawthorne.
3. Extended area. [Obs.] \'bdThe
scopes of land granted to the first adventurers.\'b8
Sir J. Davies.
4. Length; extent; sweep; as, scope of
cable.
<-- Scope, v. t. To look at for the purpose of
evaluation; usu with out; as, to scope out the area as a
camping site. -->
Sco"pe*line (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Scopeloid.
Sco"pe*loid (?), a. [NL.
Scopelus, typical genus (fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to fishes of the genus Scopelus, or family
Scopelod\'91, which includes many small oceanic
fishes, most of which are phosphorescent. --
n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the
family Scopelid\'91.
Sco*pif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
scopae, scopa + -ferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing a tuft of brushlike
hairs.
Sco"pi*form (?), a. [L.
scopae, scopa, a broom +
-form.] Having the form of a broom or
besom. \'bdZeolite, stelliform or scopiform.\'b8
Kirwan.
Sco"pi*ped (?; 277), n. [L.
scopae, scopa, a broom + pes,
pedis, a foot.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Scopuliped.
Scop"pet (?), v. t. [From
Scoop, v. t.] To lade or dip
out. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Scops" owl` (?). [NL. scops,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of small owls of the genus
Scops having ear tufts like those of the horned owls,
especially the European scops owl (Scops giu), and the
American screech owl. (S. Asio).
{ Scop"tic (?), Scop"tic*al
(?) }, a. [Gr. Jesting; jeering; scoffing.
[Obs.]
South.
-- Scop"tic*al*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
\'d8Scop"u*la (?), n.; pl. E.
Scopulas (#), L. Scopul\'91
(#). [L. scopulae, pl. a little
broom.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A peculiar
brushlike organ found on the foot of spiders and used in the
construction of the web. (b) A special tuft
of hairs on the leg of a bee.
Scop"u*li*ped (?), n. [L.
scopulae, pl., a little broom (fr. scopae a
broom) + pes, pedis, foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of bee which has on the
hind legs a brush of hairs used for collecting pollen, as the
hive bees and bumblebees.
Scop"u*lous (?), a. [L.
scopulosus, fr. scopulus a rock, Gr.
Full of rocks; rocky. [Obs.]
Scor"bute (?), n. [LL.
scorbutus: cf. F. scorbut. See
Scurvy, n.] Scurry.
[Obs.]
Purchas.
{ Scor*bu"tic (?), Scor*bu"tic*al
(?) }, a. [Cf. F.
scorbutique.] (Med.) Of or
pertaining to scurvy; of the nature of, or resembling, scurvy;
diseased with scurvy; as, a scorbutic person;
scorbutic complaints or symptoms. --
Scor*bu"tic*al*ly,
adv.
\'d8Scor*bu"tus (?), n. [LL.
See Scorbute.] (Med.)
Scurvy.
Scorce (?), n. Barter.
[Obs.] See Scorse.
Scorch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scorched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scorching.] [OE. scorchen,
probably akin to scorcnen; cf. Norw.
skrokken shrunk up, skrekka,
skr\'94kka, to shrink, to become wrinkled up, dial.
Sw. skr\'86kkla to wrinkle (see Shrug); but
perhaps influenced by OF. escorchier to strip the bark
from, to flay, to skin, F. \'82corcher, LL.
excorticare; L. ex from +
cortex, -icis, bark (cf. Cork);
because the skin falls off when scorched.] 1.
To burn superficially; to parch, or shrivel, the surface of,
by heat; to subject to so much heat as changes color and texture
without consuming; as, to scorch linen.
Summer drouth or singed air
never scorch thy tresses fair.
Milton.
2. To affect painfully with heat, or as with heat;
to dry up with heat; to affect as by heat.
Lashed by mad rage, and scorched by brutal
fires.
Prior.
3. To burn; to destroy by, or as by, fire.
Power was given unto him to scorch men with
fire.
Rev. xvi. 8.
The fire that scorches me to death.
Dryden.
Scorch, v. i. 1. To be burnt on
the surface; to be parched; to be dried up.
Scatter a little mungy straw or fern amongst your seedlings,
to prevent the roots from scorching.
Mortimer.
2. To burn or be burnt.
he laid his long forefinger on the scarlet letter, which
forthwith seemed to scoch into Hester's breast, as if
it had been red hot.
Hawthorne.
Scorch"ing, a. Burning; parching or
shriveling with heat. -- Scorch"ing*ly,
adv. -- Scorch"ing*ness,
n.
Score (?), n. [AS.
scor twenty, fr. sceran,
scieran, to shear, cut, divice; or rather the kindred
Icel. skor incision, twenty, akin to Dan.
skure a notch, Sw. sk\'86ra. See
Shear.] 1. A notch or incision;
especially, one that is made as a tally mark; hence, a mark, or
line, made for the purpose of account.
Whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the
score and the tally, thou hast caused printing to be
used.
Shak.
2. An account or reckoning; account of dues; bill;
hence, indebtedness.
He parted well, and paid his score.
Shak.
3. Account; reason; motive; sake; behalf.
But left the trade, as many more
Have lately done on the same score.
Hudibras.
You act your kindness in Cydria's score.
Dryden.
4. The number twenty, as being marked off by a
special score or tally; hence, in pl., a large
number.
Amongst three or four score hogsheads.
Shak.
At length the queen took upon herself to grant patents of
monopoly by score.
Macaulay.
5. A distance of twenty yards; -- a term used in
ancient archery and gunnery.
Halliwell.
6. A weight of twenty pounds. [Prov.
Eng.]
7. The number of points gained by the contestants,
or either of them, in any game, as in cards or cricket.
8. line drawn; a groove or furrow.
9. (Mus.) The original and entire
draught, or its transcript, of a composition, with the parts for
all the different instruments or voices written on staves one
above another, so that they can be read at a glance; -- so called
from the bar, which, in its early use, was drawn through all the
parts.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
In score (Mus.), having all the
parts arranged and placed in juxtaposition. Smart.
-- To quit scores, to settle or balance accounts;
to render an equivalent; to make compensation.
Does not the earth quit scores with all the
elements in the noble fruits that issue from it?
South.
Score (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scored (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Scoring.]
1. To mark with lines, scratches, or notches; to
cut notches or furrows in; to notch; to scratch; to furrow;
as, to score timber for hewing; to score
the back with a lash.
Let us score their backs.
Shak.
A briar in that tangled wilderness
Had scored her white right hand.
M. Arnold.
2. Especially, to mark with significant lines or
notches, for indicating or keeping account of something; as,
to score a tally.
3. To mark or signify by lines or notches; to keep
record or account; to set down; to record; to charge.
Madam, I know when,
Instead of five, you scored me ten.
Swift.
Nor need I tallies thy dear love to score.
Shak.
4. To engrave, as upon a shield.
[R.]
Spenser.
5. To make a score of, as points, runs, etc., in a
game.
6. (Mus.) To write down in proper order
and arrangement; as, to score an overture for an
orchestra. See Score, n., 9.
7. (Geol.) To mark with parallel lines
or scratches; as, the rocks of New England and the Western
States were scored in the drift epoch.
Scor"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, scores.
\'d8Sco"ri*a (?), n.; pl.
Scorl\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr. 1. The recrement of
metals in fusion, or the slag rejected after the eduction of
metallic ores; dross.
2. Cellular slaggy lava; volcanic cinders.
Sco"ri*ac (?), a.
Scoriaceous.
E. A. Poe.
Sco`ri*a"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F.
scoriac\'82.] Of or pertaining to scoria;
like scoria or the recrement of metals; partaking of the nature
of scoria.
Sco"rie (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The young of any gull.
[Written also scaurie.] [prov.
Eng.]
Sco`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. scorification. See Scorify.]
(Chem.) The act, process, or result of
scorifying, or reducing to a slag; hence, the separation from
earthy matter by means of a slag; as, the
scorification of ores.
Sco"ri*fi`er (?), n.
(Chem.) One who, or that which, scorifies;
specifically, a small flat bowl-shaped cup used in the first
heating in assaying, to remove the earth and gangue, and to
concentrate the gold and silver in a lead button.
Sco"ri*form (?), a. In the form
of scoria.
Sco"ri*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scorified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scorifying
(?).] [Scoria +
-fy: cf. F. scorifier.]
(Chem.) To reduce to scoria or slag;
specifically, in assaying, to fuse so as to separate the gangue
and earthy material, with borax, lead, soda, etc., thus leaving
the gold and silver in a lead button; hence, to separate from, or
by means of, a slag.
Sco"ri*ous (?), a.
Scoriaceous.
Sir T. Browne.
Scorn (?), n. [OE.
scorn, scarn, scharn, OF.
escarn, escharn, eschar, of
German origin; cf. OHG. skern mockery,
skern to mock; but cf. also OF.
escorner to mock.] 1. Extreme and
lofty contempt; haughty disregard; that disdain which aprings
from the opinion of the utter meanness and unworthiness of an
object.
Scorn at first makes after love the more.
Shak.
And wandered backward as in scorn,
To wait an \'91on to be born.
Emerson.
2. An act or expression of extreme contempt.
Every sullen frown and bitter scorn
But fanned the fuel that too fast did burn.
Dryden.
3. An object of extreme disdain, contempt, or
derision.
Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn
and a derision to them that are round about us.
Ps. xliv. 13.
To think scorn, to regard as worthy of scorn
or contempt; to disdain. \'bdHe thought scorn to lay
hands on Mordecai alone.\'b8 Esther iii. 6. --
To laugh to scorn, to deride; to make a mock of;
to redicule as contemptible.
Syn. -- Contempt; disdain; derision; contumely; despite;
slight; dishonor; mockery.
Scorn, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scorned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scoring.] [OE.
scornen, scarnen, schornen, OF.
escarning, escharnir. See Scorn,
n.] 1. To hold in extreme
contempt; to reject as unworthy of regard; to despise; to
contemn; to disdain.
I scorn thy meat; 't would choke me.
Shak.
This my long sufference, and my day of grace,
Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste.
Milton.
We scorn what is in itself contemptible or
disgraceful.
C. J. Smith.
2. To treat with extreme contempt; to make the
object of insult; to mock; to scoff at; to deride.
His fellow, that lay by his bed's side,
Gan for to laugh, and scorned him full fast.
Chaucer.
To taunt and scorn you thus opprobriously.
Shak.
Syn. -- To contemn; despise; disdain. See
Contemn.
<-- p. 1290 -->
Scorn (?), v. i. To scoff; to
act disdainfully.
He said mine eyes were black and my hair black,
And, now I remembered, scorned at me.
Shak.
Scorn"er (?), n. One who
scorns; a despiser; a contemner; specifically, a scoffer at
religion. \'bdGreat scorners of death.\'b8
Spenser.
Superly he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth
grace unto the lowly.
Prov. iii. 34.
Scorn"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of scorn or contempt; contemptuous; disdainful.
Scornful of winter's frost and summer's sun.
Prior.
Dart not scornful glances from those eyes.
Shak.
2. Treated with scorn; exciting scorn.
[Obs.]
The scornful mark of every open eye.
Shak.
Syn. -- Contemptuous; disdainful; contumelious; reproachful;
insolent.
-- Scorn"ful*ly, adv. --
Scorn"ful*ness, n.
Scorn"y (?), a. Deserving
scorn; paltry. [Obs.]
Scor"o*dite (?), n. [G.
scorodit; -- so called in allusion to its smell under
the blowpipe, from Gr. (Min.)
A leek-green or brownish mineral occurring in orthorhombic
crystals. It is a hydrous arseniate of iron.
[Written also skorodite.]
Scor*p\'91"noid (?), a. [NL.
Scorpaena, a typical genus (see Scorpene) +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the family Scorp\'91nid\'91, which
includes the scorpene, the rosefish, the California rockfishes,
and many other food fishes. [Written also
scorp\'91nid.] See Illust. under
Rockfish.
Scor"pene (?), n. [F.
scorp\'8ane, fr. L. scorpaena a kind of
fish, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A marine food
fish of the genus Scorp\'91na, as the European hogfish
(S. scrofa), and the California species (S.
guttata).
Scor"per (?), n. Same as
Scauper.
\'d8Scor"pi*o (?), n.; pl.
Scorpiones (#). [L.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A scorpion.
2. (Astron.) (a) The eighth
sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the twenty-third
day of October, marked thus [
(b) A constellation of the zodiac containing the
bright star Antares. It is drawn on the celestial globe in the
figure of a scorpion.
\'d8Scor`pi*o"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Scorpiones.
{ Scor"pi*oid (?), Scor`pi*oid"al
(?) }, a. [Gr. 1. Having the inflorescence
curved or circinate at the end, like a scorpion's tail.
Scor"pi*on (?), n. [F., fr. L.
scorpio, scorpius, Gr. sharp.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of pulmonate arachnids of the
order scorpiones, having a suctorial mouth, large claw-bearing
palpi, and a caudal sting.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The pine or gray lizard
(Sceloporus undulatus). [Local,
U.S.]
3. (Zo\'94l.) the scorpene.
4. (Script.) A painful scourge.
My father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise
you with scorpions.
1 Kings xii. 11.
5. (Astron.) A sign and constellation.
See Scorpio.
6. (Antiq.) An ancient military engine
for hurling stones and other missiles.
Book scorpion. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Book. -- False scorpion.
(Zo\'94l.) See under False, and
Book scorpion. -- Scorpion
bug, Water scorpion
(Zo\'94l.) See Nepa. --
Scorpion fly (Zo\'94l.), a neuropterous
insect of the genus Panorpa. See
Panorpid. -- Scorpion grass
(Bot.), a plant of the genus Myosotis.
M. palustris is the forget-me-not. --
Sorpion senna (Bot.), a yellow-flowered
leguminous shrub (Coronilla Emerus) having a slender
joined pod, like a scorpion's tail. The leaves are said to yield
a dye like indigo, and to be used sometimes to adulterate
senna. -- Scorpion shell (Zo\'94l.),
any shell of the genus Pteroceras. See
Pteroceras. -- Scorpion spiders.
(Zo\'94l.), any one of the Pedipalpi. --
Scorpion's tail (Bot.), any plant of
the leguminous genus Scorpiurus, herbs with a
circinately coiled pod; -- also called
caterpillar. -- Scorpion's
thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant
(Genista Scorpius) of Southern Europe. --
The Scorpion's Heart (Astron.), the
star Antares in the constellation Scorpio.
\'d8Scor`pi*o"nes (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
arachnids comprising the scorpions.
\'d8Scor`pi*o*nid"e*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Scorpiones.
Scor"pi*on*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A leguminous plant (Ornithopus
scorpides) of Southern Europe, having curved pods.
Scorse (? , n. [Cf. It.
scorsa a course, and E. discourse.]
Barter; exchange; trade. [Obs.]
And recompensed them with a better scorse.
Spenser.
Scorse, v. t. [Written also
scourse, and scoss.] 1.
To barter or exchange. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To chase. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Scorse, v. i. To deal for the purchase
of anything; to practice barter. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Scor"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L.
scorator a fornicator, from scortari to
fornicate, scortum a prostitute.]
Pertaining to lewdness or fornication; lewd.
Scot (?), n. A name for a
horse. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Scot, n. [Cf. L. Skoti, pl.,
AS. Scotta, pl. Skottas,
Sceottas.] A native or inhabitant of
Scotland; a Scotsman, or Scotchman.
Scot, n. [Icel. skot; or OF.
escot, F. \'82cot, LL. scottum,
scotum, from a kindred German word; akin to AS.
scot, and E. shot, shoot; cf.
AS. sce\'a2tan to shoot, to contribute. See
Shoot, and cf. Shot.] A portion of
money assessed or paid; a tax or contribution; a mulct; a fine; a
shot.
Scot and lot, formerly, a parish assessment
laid on subjects according to their ability.
[Eng.] Cowell. Now, a phrase for
obligations of every kind regarded collectivelly.
Experienced men of the world know very well that it is best to
pay scot and lot as they go along.
Emerson.
{ Scot"al (?), Scot"ale
(?) }, n. [Scot +
ale.] (O. Eng. Law) The keeping
of an alehouse by an officer of a forest, and drawing people to
spend their money for liquor, for fear of his displeasure.
Scotch (?), a. [Cf.
Scottish.] Of or pertaining to Scotland, its
language, or its inhabitants; Scottish.
Scotch broom (Bot.), the
Cytisus scoparius. See Broom. --
Scotch dipper, Scotch
duck (Zo\'94l.), the bufflehead; --
called also Scotch teal, and
Scotchman. -- Scotch fiddle,
the itch. [Low] Sir W. Scott. --
Scotch mist, a coarse, dense mist, like fine
rain. -- Scotch nightingale
(Zo\'94l.), the sedge warbler. [Prov.
Eng.] -- Scotch pebble. See under
pebble. -- Scotch pine (Bot.)
See Riga fir. -- Scotch thistle
(Bot.), a species of thistle (Onopordon
acanthium); -- so called from its being the national emblem
of the Scotch.
Scotch, n. 1. The dialect or
dialects of English spoken by the people of Scotland.
2. Collectively, the people of Scotland.
Scotch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scotched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scotching.] [Cf. Prov. E.
scole a prop, and Walloon ascot a prop,
ascoter to prop, F. accoter, also Armor.
skoaz the shoulder, skoazia to shoulder up,
to prop, to support, W. ysgwydd a shoulder,
ysgwyddo to shoulder. Cf. Scoat.]
[Written also scoatch,
scoat.] To shoulder up; to prop or block
with a wedge, chock, etc., as a wheel, to prevent its rolling or
slipping.
Scotch, n. A chock, wedge, prop, or
other support, to prevent slipping; as, a scotch for
a wheel or a log on inclined ground.
Scotch, v. t. [Probably the same word as
scutch; cf. Norw. skoka, skoko,
a swingle for flax; perhaps akin to E. shake.]
To cut superficially; to wound; to score.
We have scotched the snake, not killed it.
Shak.
Scotched collops (Cookery), a dish
made of pieces of beef or veal cut thin, or minced, beaten flat,
and stewed with onion and other condiments; -- called also
Scotch collops. [Written also
scotcht collops.]
Scotch, n. A slight cut or incision; a
score.
Walton.
Scotch"-hop`per (?), n.
Hopscotch.
Scotch"ing, n. (Masonry)
Dressing stone with a pick or pointed instrument.
Scotch"man (?), n.; pl.
Scotchmen (. 1. A
native or inhabitant of Scotland; a Scot; a Scotsman.
2. (Naut.) A piece of wood or stiff hide
placed over shrouds and other rigging to prevent chafe by the
running gear.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Sco"ter (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E.
scote to plow up.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of several species of northern sea ducks of the
genus Oidemia.
Oidemia nigra,
called also black duck, black
diver, surf duck; and the velvet, or
double, scoter (O. fusca). The common American species
are the velvet, or white-winged, scoter (O. Deglandi),
called also velvet duck,
white-wing, bull coot,
white-winged coot; the black scoter (O.
Americana), called also black coot,
butterbill, coppernose; and
the surf scoter, or surf duck (O. perspicillata),
called also baldpate,
skunkhead, horsehead,
patchhead, pishaug, and
spectacled coot. These birds are collectively called
also coots. The females and young are called
gray coots, and brown coots.
Scot"-free" [?], a.
Free from payment of scot; untaxed; hence, unhurt; clear;
safe.
Do as much for this purpose, and thou shalt pass
scot-free.
Sir W. Scott.
Then young Hay escaped scot-free to Holland.
A. Lang.
Scotch (?), v. t. To clothe or
cover up. [Obs.]
\'d8Sco"ti*a (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. skoti`a darkness, a sunken molding in the base of
a pillar, so called from the dark shadow it casts, from
sko`tos darkness.] (Arch.) A
concave molding used especially in classical architecture.
Sco"ti*a, n. [L.]
Scotland [Poetic]
O Scotia! my dear, my native soil!
Burns.
Sco"tist (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A follower of (Joannes) Duns Scotus,
the Franciscan scholastic (d. 1308), who maintained
certain doctrines in philosophy and theology, in opposition to
the Thomists, or followers of Thomas Aquinas, the
Dominican scholastic.
Scot"o*graph (?), n. [Gr.
sko`tos darkness + -graph.] An
instrument for writing in the dark, or without seeing.
Maunder.
\'d8Sco*to"ma (?), n.
[L.] (Med.) Scotomy.
Scot"o*my (?), n. [NL.
scotomia, from Gr. sko`tos darkness: cf. F.
scotomie.] 1. Dizziness with
dimness of sight. [Obs.]
Massinger.
2. (Med.) Obscuration of the field of
vision due to the appearance of a dark spot before the eye.
Sco"to*scope (? , n.
[Gr. sko`tos darkness + -scope.]
An instrument that discloses objects in the dark or in a
faint light. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Scots (?), a. [For older
Scottis Scottish. See Scottish.]
Of or pertaining to the Scotch; Scotch; Scottish; as,
Scots law; a pound Scots (1s. 8d.).
Scots"man (-man), n.
See Scotchman.
Scot"ter*ing (?), n. The
burning of a wad of pease straw at the end of harvest.
[Prov. Eng.]
Scot"ti*cism (?), n. An idiom,
or mode of expression, peculiar to Scotland or Scotchmen.
That, in short, in which the Scotticism of Scotsmen
most intimately consists, is the habit of emphasis.
Masson.
Scot"ti*cize (?), v. t. To
cause to become like the Scotch; to make Scottish.
[R.]
Scot"tish (?), a. [From
Scot a Scotchman: cf. AS. Scyttisc, and E.
Scotch, a., Scots,
a.] Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of
Scotland, their country, or their language; as,
Scottish industry or economy; a Scottish chief;
a Scottish dialect.
Scoun"drel (?), n. [Probably
from Prov. E. & Scotch scunner, scouner, to
loathe, to disgust, akin to AS. scunian to shun. See
Shun.] A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a
villain; a man without honor or virtue.
Go, if your ancient, but ignoble blood
Has crept through soundrels ever since the
flood.
Pope.
Scoun"drel, a. Low; base; mean;
unprincipled.
Scoun"drel*dom (?), n. The
domain or sphere of scoundrels; scoundrels, collectively; the
state, ideas, or practices of scoundrels.
Carlyle.
Scoun"drel*ism (?), n. The
practices or conduct of a scoundrel; baseness; rascality.
Cotgrave.
Scour (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scoured
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scouring.] [Akin to LG.
sch\'81ren, D. schuren,
schueren, G. scheuern, Dan.
skure; Sw. skura; all possibly fr. LL.
escurare, fr. L. ex + curare to take care.
Cf. Cure.] 1. To rub hard with
something rough, as sand or Bristol brick, especially for the
purpose of cleaning; to clean by friction; to make clean or
bright; to cleanse from grease, dirt, etc., as articles of
dress.
2. To purge; as, to scour a
horse.
3. To remove by rubbing or cleansing; to sweep
along or off; to carry away or remove, as by a current of water;
-- often with off or away.
[I will] stain my favors in a bloody mask,
Which, washed away, shall scour my shame with it.
Shak.
4. [Perhaps a different word; cf. OF.
escorre, escourre, It. scorrere,
both fr. L. excurrere to run forth. Cf.
Excursion.] To pass swiftly over; to brush
along; to traverse or search thoroughly; as, to
scour the coast.
Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain.
Pope.
Scouring barrel, a tumbling barrel. See under
Tumbling. -- Scouring cinder
(Metal.), a basic slag, which attacks the lining
of a shaft furnace. Raymond. -- Scouring
rush. (Bot.) See Dutch rush,
under Dutch. -- Scouring stock
(Woolen Manuf.), a kind of fulling mill.
Scour, v. i. 1. To clean
anything by rubbing.
Shak.
2. To cleanse anything.
Warm water is softer than cold, for it scoureth
better.
Bacon.
3. To be purged freely; to have a
diarrh\'d2a.
4. To run swiftly; to rove or range in pursuit or
search of something; to scamper.
So four fierce coursers, starting to the race,
Scour through the plain, and lengthen every pace.
Dryden.
Scour, n. Diarrh\'d2a or dysentery among
cattle.
Scour"age (?; 48), n. Refuse
water after scouring.
Scour"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, scours.
2. A rover or footpad; a prowling robber.
In those days of highwaymen and scourers.
Macaulay.
Scourge (?), n. [F.
escourg\'82e, fr. L. excoriata (sc.
scutica) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr.
excoriate to strip, to skin. See
Excoriate.] 1. A lash; a strap or
cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain or punishment; an
instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip.
Up to coach then goes
The observed maid, takes both the scourge and
reins.
Chapman.
2. Hence, a means of inflicting punishment,
vengeance, or suffering; an infliction of affliction; a
punishment.
Sharp scourges of adversity.
Chaucer.
What scourge for perjury
Can this dark monarchy afford false Clarence?
Shak.
Scourge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scourged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scourging (?).] [From
Scourge, n.: cf. OF.
escorgier.] 1. To whip severely;
to lash.
is it lawful for you to scourge a . . . Roman?
Acts xxii. 25.
2. To punish with severity; to chastise; to
afflict, as for sins or faults, and with the purpose of
correction.
Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth
every son whom he receiveth.
Heb. xii. 6.
3. To harass or afflict severely.
To scourge and impoverish the people.
Brougham.
Scour"ger (?), n. One who
scourges or punishes; one who afflicts severely.
The West must own the scourger of the world.
Byron.
Scourse (?), v. t. See
Scorse. [Obs.]
Scouse (?), n. (Naut.)
A sailor's dish. Bread scouse contains no meat;
lobscouse contains meat, etc. See
Lobscouse.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Scout (?), n. [Icel.
sk a small craft or cutter.] A swift
sailing boat. [Obs.]
So we took a scout, very much pleased with the
manner and conversation of the passengers.
Pepys.
Scout, n. [Icel. sk
to jut out. Cf. Scout to reject.] A
projecting rock. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
<-- p. 1291 -->
Scout (?), v. t. [Icel.
sk a taunt; cf. Icel. skuta to jut
out, skota to shove, skj to shoot, to
shove. See Shoot.] To reject with contempt,
as something absurd; to treat with ridicule; to flout; as, to
scout an idea or an apology. \'bdFlout 'em
and scout 'em.\'b8
Shak.
Scout, n. [OF. escaute scout,
spy, fr. escouter, escolter, to listen, to
hear, F. \'82couter, fr. L. auscultare, to
hear with attention, to listen to. See
Auscultation.] 1. A person sent out
to gain and bring in tidings; especially, one employed in war to
gain information of the movements and condition of an
enemy.
Scouts each coast light-arm\'8ad scour,
Each quarter, to descry the distant foe.
Milton.
2. A college student's or undergraduate's servant;
-- so called in Oxford, England; at Cambridge called a
gyp; and at Dublin, a skip.
[Cant]
3. (Criket) A fielder in a game for
practice.
4. The act of scouting or reconnoitering.
[Colloq.]
While the rat is on the scout.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Scout, Spy. -- In a
military sense a scout is a soldier who does duty in
his proper uniform, however hazardous his adventure. A
spy is one who in disguise penetrates the enemies'
lines, or lurks near them, to obtain information.
Scout, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scouted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scouting.] 1. To observe,
watch, or look for, as a scout; to follow for the purpose of
observation, as a scout.
Take more men,
And scout him round.
Beau. & Fl.
2. To pass over or through, as a scout; to
reconnoiter; as, to scout a country.
Scout, v. i. To go on the business of
scouting, or watching the motions of an enemy; to act as a
scout.
With obscure wing
Scout far and wide into the realm of night.
Milton.
Scov"el (?), n. [OF.
escouve, escouvette, broom, L.
scopae, or cf. W. ysgubell, dim. of
ysgub a broom.] A mop for sweeping ovens; a
malkin.
Scow (?), n. [D.
schouw.] (Naut.) A large
flat-bottomed boat, having broad, square ends.
Scow, v. t. To transport in a
scow.
Scowl (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scowled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scowling.] [Akin to Dan.
skule; cf. Icel. skolla to skulk, LG.
schulen to hide one's self, D. schuilen, G.
schielen to squint, Dan. skele, Sw.
skela, AS. sceolh squinting. Cf.
Skulk.] 1. To wrinkle the brows, as
in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look
sour, sullen, severe, or angry.
She scowled and frowned with froward
countenance.
Spenser.
2. Hence, to look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to
lower. \'bdThe scowling heavens.\'b8
Thomson.
Scowl, v. t. 1. To look at or
repel with a scowl or a frown.
Milton.
2. To express by a scowl; as, to scowl
defiance.
Scowl, n. 1. The wrinkling of
the brows or face in frowing; the expression of displeasure,
sullennes, or discontent in the countenance; an angry
frown.
With solemn phiz, and critic scowl.
Lloyd.
2. Hence, gloom; dark or threatening aspect.
Burns.
A ruddy storm, whose scowl
Made heaven's radiant face look foul.
Crashaw.
Scowl"ing*ly, adv. In a scowling
manner.
Scrab"bed eggs` (?). [CF.
Scramble.] A Lenten dish, composed of eggs
boiled hard, chopped, and seasoned with butter, salt, and
pepper.
Halliwell.
Scrab"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scrabbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scrabbling
(?).] [Freq. of scrape. Cf.
Scramble, Scrawl, v. t.]
1. To scrape, paw, or scratch with the hands; to
proceed by clawing with the hands and feet; to scramble; as,
to scrabble up a cliff or a tree.
Now after a while Little-faith came to himself, and getting up
made shift to scrabble on his way.
Bunyan.
2. To make irregular, crooked, or unmeaning marks;
to scribble; to scrawl.
David . . . scrabbled on the doors of the gate.
1. Sam. xxi. 13.
Scrab"ble, v. t. To mark with irregular
lines or letters; to scribble; as, to scrabble
paper.
Scrab"ble, n. The act of scrabbing; a
moving upon the hands and knees; a scramble; also, a
scribble.
Scra"ber (?), n. [Cf.
Scrabble.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The Manx shearwater. (b) The black
guillemot.
Scraf"fle (?), v. i. [See
Scramble: cf. OD. schraeffelen to
scrape.] To scramble or struggle; to wrangle; also, to
be industrious. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Scrag (?), n. [Cf. dial. Sw.
skraka a great dry tree, a long, lean man, Gael.
sgreagach dry, shriveled, rocky. See Shrink,
and cf. Scrog, Shrag, n.]
1. Something thin, lean, or rough; a bony piece;
especially, a bony neckpiece of meat; hence, humorously or in
contempt, the neck.
Lady MacScrew, who . . . serves up a scrag of
mutton on silver.
Thackeray.
2. A rawboned person. [Low]
Halliwell.
3. A ragged, stunted tree or branch.
Scrag whale (Zo\'94l.), a North
Atlantic whalebone whale (Agaphelus giddosus). By some
it is considered the young of the right whale.
Scrag"ged (?), a. 1.
Rough with irregular points, or a broken surface; scraggy;
as, a scragged backbone.
2. Lean and rough; scraggy.
Scrag"ged*ness, n. Quality or state of
being scragged.
Scrag"gi*ly (?), adv. in a
scraggy manner.
Scrag"gi*ness, n. The quality or state
of being scraggy; scraggedness.
Scrag"gy (?), a.
[Compar. Scragger (?);
superl. Scraggiest.] 1.
Rough with irregular points; scragged. \'bdA
scraggy rock.\'b8
J. Philips.
2. Lean and rough; scragged. \'bdHis sinewy,
scraggy neck.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Scrag"ly, a. See Scraggy.
Scrag"-necked` (?), a. Having a
scraggy neck.
Scram"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scrambled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scrambling
(?).] [Freq. of Prov. E.
scramb to rake together with the hands, or of
scramp to snatch at. cf. Scrabble.]
1. To clamber with hands and knees; to scrabble;
as, to scramble up a cliff; to scramble
over the rocks.
2. To struggle eagerly with others for something
thrown upon the ground; to go down upon all fours to seize
something; to catch rudely at what is desired.
Of other care they little reckoning make,
Than how to scramble at the shearer's feast.
Milton.
Scram"ble (?), v. t. 1.
To collect by scrambling; as, to scramble up
wealth.
Marlowe.
2. To prepare (eggs) as a dish for the table, by
stirring the yolks and whites together while cooking.
Scram"ble, n. 1. The act of
scrambling, climbing on all fours, or clambering.
2. The act of jostling and pushing for something
desired; eager and unceremonious struggle for what is thrown or
held out; as, a scramble for office.
Scarcity [of money] enhances its price, and increases the
scramble.
Locke.
Scram"bler (?), n. 1.
One who scrambles; one who climbs on all fours.
2. A greedy and unceremonious contestant.
Scram"bling (?), a. Confused
and irregular; awkward; scambling. --
Scram"bling*ly, adv.
A huge old scrambling bedroom.
Sir W. Scott.
Scranch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scranched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scranching.] [Cf. D.
schransen to eat greedily, G. schranzen.
Cf. Crunch, Scrunch.] To grind with
the teeth, and with a crackling sound; to craunch.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Scrank"y (?), a. Thin;
lean. [Scot.]
Scran"nel (?), a. [Cf.
Scrawny.] Slight; thin; lean; poor.
Having
Grate on their scranned pipes of wretched
straw.
Milton.
Scran"ny (?), a. [See
Scrannel.] Thin; lean; meager; scrawny;
scrannel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Scrap (?), n. [OE.
scrappe, fr. Icel. skrap trifle, cracking.
See Scrape, v. t.] 1.
Something scraped off; hence, a small piece; a bit; a
fragment; a detached, incomplete portion.
I have no materials -- not a scrap.
De Quincey.
2. Specifically, a fragment of something written or
printed; a brief excerpt; an unconnected extract.
3. pl. The crisp substance that
remains after trying out animal fat; as, pork
scraps.
<-- sic. -- meaning after "drying" out?? -->
4. pl. Same as Scrap
iron, below.
<-- 5. Manufactured objects or parts useful only for
reprocessing, esp. metal objects. -->
Scrap forgings, forgings made from wrought
iron scrap. -- Scrap iron. (a)
Cuttings and waste pieces of wrought iron from which bar iron
or forgings can be made; -- called also wrought-iron
scrap. (b) Fragments of cast iron or
defective castings suitable for remelting in the foundry; --
called also founding scrap, or cast
scrap.
Scrap"book` (?), n. A blank
book in which extracts cut from books and papers may be pasted
and kept.
Scrape (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scraped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scraping.] [Icel. skrapa;
akin to Sw. skrapa, Dan. skrabe, D.
schrapen, schrabben, G.
schrappen, and prob. to E. sharp.]
1. To rub over the surface of (something) with a
sharp or rough instrument; to rub over with something that
roughens by removing portions of the surface; to grate harshly
over; to abrade; to make even, or bring to a required condition
or form, by moving the sharp edge of an instrument breadthwise
over the surface with pressure, cutting away excesses and
superfluous parts; to make smooth or clean; as, to
scrape a bone with a knife; to scrape a metal
plate to an even surface.
2. To remove by rubbing or scraping (in the sense
above).
I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her
like the top of a rock.
Ezek. xxvi. 4.
3. To collect by, or as by, a process of scraping;
to gather in small portions by laborius effort; hence, to acquire
avariciously and save penuriously; -- often followed by
together or up; as, to scrape
money together.
The prelatical party complained that, to swell a number the
nonconformists did not choose, but scrape,
subscribers.
Fuller.
4. To express disapprobation of, as a play, or to
silence, as a speaker, by drawing the feet back and forth upon
the floor; -- usually with down.
Macaulay.
To scrape acquaintance, to seek acquaintance
otherwise than by an introduction.
Farquhar.
He tried to scrape acquaintance with her, but
failed ignominiously.
G. W. Cable.
Scrape, v. i. 1. To rub over
the surface of anything with something which roughens or removes
it, or which smooths or cleans it; to rub harshly and noisily
along.
2. To occupy one's self with getting laboriously;
as, he scraped and saved until he became
rich. \'bd[Spend] their scraping fathers'
gold.\'b8
Shak.
3. To play awkwardly and inharmoniously on a violin
or like instrument.
4. To draw back the right foot along the ground or
floor when making a bow.
Scrape, n. 1. The act of
scraping; also, the effect of scraping, as a scratch, or a harsh
sound; as, a noisy scrape on the floor; a
scrape of a pen.
2. A drawing back of the right foot when bowing;
also, a bow made with that accompaniment.
H. Spencer.
3. A disagreable and embrassing predicament, as it
were, a painful rubbing or scraping; a perplexity; a
difficulty.
The too eager pursuit of this his old enemy through thick and
thin has led him into many of these scrapes.
Bp. Warburton.
Scrape"pen`ny (?), n. One who
gathers and hoards money in trifling sums; a miser.<-- = a
pinchpenny -->
Scrap"er (?), n. 1. An
instrument with which anything is scraped. Specifically:
(a) An instrument by which the soles of shoes are
cleaned from mud and the like, by drawing them across it.
(b) An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, used for
scraping up earth in making or repairing roads, digging cellars,
canals etc. (c) (Naut.) An
instrument having two or three sharp sides or edges, for cleaning
the planks, masts, or decks of a ship. (d)
(Lithography) In the printing press, a board, or
blade, the edge of which is made to rub over the tympan sheet and
thus produce the impression.
2. One who scrapes. Specifically:
(a) One who plays awkwardly on a violin.
(b) One who acquires avariciously and saves
penuriously.
Scrap"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of scraping; the act or process of making even, or
reducing to the proper form, by means of a scraper.
2. Something scraped off; that which is separated
from a substance, or is collected by scraping; as, the
scraping of the street.
Scrap"ing, a. Resembling the act of, or
the effect produced by, one who, or that which, scrapes; as,
a scraping noise; a scraping miser.
-- Scrap"ing*ly, adv.
Scrap"pi*ly (?), adv. In a
scrappy manner; in scraps.
Mary Cowden Clarke.
Scrap"py (?), a. Consisting of
scraps; fragmentary; lacking unity or consistency; as, a
scrappy lecture.
A dreadfully scrappy dinner.
Thackeray.
Scrat (?), v. t. [OE.
scratten. Cf. Scratch.] To
scratch. [Obs.]
Burton.
Scrat, v. i. To rake; to search.
[Obs.]
Mir. for Mag.
Scrat, n. [Cf. AS. scritta an
hermaphrodite, Ir. scrut a scrub, a low, mean person,
Gael. sgrut, sgruit, an old, shriveled
person.] An hermaphrodite. [Obs.]
Skinner.
Scratch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scratched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scratching.] [OE. cracchen
(perhaps influenced by OE. scratten to scratch); cf.
OHG. chrazz, G. kratzen, OD.
kratsen, kretsen, D. krassen,
Sw. kratsa to scrape, kratta to rake, to
scratch, Dan. kradse to scratch, to scrape, Icel.
krota to engrave. Cf. Grate to rub.]
1. To rub and tear or mark the surface of with
something sharp or ragged; to scrape, roughen, or wound slightly
by drawing something pointed or rough across, as the claws, the
nails, a pin, or the like.
Small sand-colored stones, so hard as to scratch
glass.Grew.
Be mindful, when invention fails.,
To scratch your head, and bite your
nails.Swift.
2. To write or draw hastily or awkwardly.
Scratch out a pamphlet.\'b8
Swift.
3. To cancel by drawing one or more lines through,
as the name of a candidate upon a ballot, or of a horse in a
list; hence, to erase; to efface; -- often with
out.
4. To dig or excavate with the claws; as, some
animals scratch holes, in which they burrow.
To scratch a ticket, to cancel one or more
names of candidates on a party ballot; to refuse to vote the
party ticket in its entirety. [U.S.]
Scratch, v. i. 1. To use the
claws or nails in tearing or in digging; to make scratches.
Dull, tame things, . . . that will neither bite nor
scratch.
Dr. H. More.
2. (Billiards) To score, not by skillful
play but by some fortunate chance of the game. [Cant,
U.S.]
Scratch, n. 1. A break in the
surface of a thing made by scratching, or by rubbing with
anything pointed or rough; a slight wound, mark, furrow, or
incision.
The coarse file . . . makes deep scratches in the
work.
Moxon.
These nails with scratches deform my breast.
Prior.
God forbid a shallow scratch should drive
The prince of Wales from such a field as this.
Shak.
2. (Pugilistic Matches) A line across
the prize ring; up to which boxers are brought when they join
fight; hence, test, trial, or proof of courage; as, to bring
to the scratch; to come up to the
scratch. [Cant]
Grose.
3. pl. (Far.) Minute, but
tender and troublesome, excoriations, covered with scabs, upon
the heels of horses which have been used where it is very wet or
muddy.
Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser).
4. A kind of wig covering only a portion of the
head.
5. (Billiards) A shot which scores by
chance and not as intended by the player; a fluke.
[Cant, U.S.]
Scratch cradle. See Cratch
cradle, under Cratch. -- Scratch
grass (Bot.), a climbing knotweed
(Polygonum sagittatum) with a square stem beset with
fine recurved prickles along the angles. -- Scratch
wig. Same as Scratch, 4, above.
Thackeray.
Scratch, a. Made, done, or happening by
chance; arranged with little or no preparation; determined by
circumstances; haphazard; as, a scratch team; a
scratch crew for a boat race; a scratch shot in
billiards. [Slang]
Scratch race, one without restrictions
regarding the entrance of competitors; also, one for which the
competitors are chosen by lot.
Scratch"back` (?), n. A toy
which imitates the sound of tearing cloth, -- used by drawing it
across the back of unsuspecting persons.
[Eng.]
Scratch"brush` (?), n. A stiff
wire brush for cleaning iron castings and other metal.
Scratch" coat` (?). The first coat in
plastering; -- called also scratchwork. See
Pricking-up.
Scratch"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, scratches; specifically (Zo\'94l.), any
rasorial bird.
Scratch"ing, adv. With the action of
scratching.
Scratch"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) Cleavers.
Scratch"work` (?), n. See
Scratch coat.
Scratch"y (?), a. Characterized
by scratches.
Scraw (?), n. [Ir.
scrath a turf, sgraith a turf, green sod;
akin to Gael. sgrath, sgroth, the outer
skin of anything, a turf, a green sod.] A turf.
[Obs.]
Swift.
Scrawl (?), v. i. See
Crawl. [Obs.]
Latimer.
Scrawl, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scrawled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scrawling.] [Probably
corrupted from scrabble.] To draw or mark
awkwardly and irregularly; to write hastily and carelessly; to
scratch; to scribble; as, to scrawl a
letter.
His name, scrawled by himself.
Macaulay.
Scrawl, v. i. To write unskillfully and
inelegantly.
Though with a golden pen you scrawl.
Swift.
<-- p. 1292 -->
Scrawl (?), n. Unskillful or
inelegant writing; that which is unskillfully or inelegantly
written.
The left will make such a scrawl, that it will not
be legible.
Arbuthnot.
You bid me write no more than a scrawl to you.
Gray.
Scrawl"er (?), n. One who
scrawls; a hasty, awkward writer.
Scraw"ny (?), a. [Cf.
Scrannel.] Meager; thin; rawboned; bony;
scranny.
Scray (?), n. [Cf. W.
ysgr\'84en, ysgr\'84ell, a sea swallow,
Armor. skrav.] (Zo\'94l.) A
tern; the sea swallow. [Prov. Eng.]
[Written also sgraye.]
Scre"a*ble (?), a. [L.
screare to hawk, spit out.] Capable of
being spit out. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Screak (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Screaked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Screaking.] [Cf. Icel.
skr\'91kja to screech. Cf. Creak,
v., Screech.] To utter suddenly a
sharp, shrill sound; to screech; to creak, as a door or
wheel.
Screak, n. A creaking; a screech; a
shriek.
Bp. Bull.
Scream (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Screamed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Screaming.] [Icel. skr\'91ma
to scare, terrify; akin to Sw. skr\'84ma, Dan.
skr\'91mme. Cf. Screech.] To cry
out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, sharp outcry, or
shrill, loud cry, as in fright or extreme pain; to shriek; to
screech.
I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry.
Shak.
And scream thyself as none e'er screamed
before.
Pope.
Scream, n. A sharp, shrill cry, uttered
suddenly, as in terror or in pain; a shriek; a screech.
\'bdScreams of horror.\'b8
Pope.
Scream"er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of three species of South
American birds constituting the family Anhimid\'91,
and the suborder Palamede\'91. They have two spines on
each wing, and the head is either crested or horned. They are
easily tamed, and then serve as guardians for other poultry. The
crested screamers, or chajas, belong to the genus
Chauna. The horned screamer, or kamichi, is
Palamedea cornuta.
Scream"ing, a. 1. Uttering
screams; shrieking.
2. Having the nature of a scream; like a scream;
shrill; sharp.
The fearful matrons raise a screaming cry.
Dryden.
Scree (?), n. A pebble; a
stone; also, a heap of stones or rocky d\'82bris.
[Prov. Eng.]
Southey.
Screech (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Screeched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Screeching.] [Also formerly,
scritch, OE. skriken, skrichen,
schriken, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
skr to shriek, to screech,
skr to titter, Sw. skrika to
shriek, Dan. skrige; also Gael. sgreach,
sgreuch, W. ysgrechio, Skr.
kharj to creak. Cf. Shriek, v.,
Scream, v.] To utter a harsh,
shrill cry; to make a sharp outcry, as in terror or acute pain;
to scream; to shriek. \'bdThe screech owl,
screeching loud.\'b8
Shak.
Screech, n. A harsh, shrill cry, as of
one in acute pain or in fright; a shriek; a scream.
Screech bird, Screech
thrush (Zo\'94l.), the fieldfare; --
so called from its harsh cry before rain. -- Screech
rain. -- Screech hawk
(Zo\'94l.), the European goatsucker; -- so called
from its note. [Prov. Eng.] -- Screech
owl. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
American owl (Scops asio), either gray or reddish in
color. (b) The European barn owl. The name
is applied also to other species.
Screech"ers (?), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) The picarian birds, as distinguished
from the singing birds.
Screech"y (?), a. Like a
screech; shrill and harsh.
Screed (?), n. [Prov. E., a
shred, the border of a cap. See Shred.]
1. (Arch.) (a) A strip of
plaster of the thickness proposed for the coat, applied to the
wall at intervals of four or five feet, as a guide.
(b) A wooden straightedge used to lay across the
plaster screed, as a limit for the thickness of the coat.
2. A fragment; a portion; a shred.
[Scot.]
Screed, n. [See 1st Screed. For
sense 2 cf. also Gael. sgread an outcry.]
1. A breach or rent; a breaking forth into a loud,
shrill sound; as, martial screeds.
2. An harangue; a long tirade on any subject.
The old carl gae them a screed of doctrine; ye
might have heard him a mile down the wind.
Sir W. Scott.
Screen (?), n. [OE.
scren, OF. escrein, escran, F.
\'82cran, of uncertain origin; cf. G.
schirm a screen, OHG. scrim,
scern a protection, shield, or G. schragen
a trestle, a stack of wood, or G. schranne a
railing.] 1. Anything that separates or cuts
off inconvience, injury, or danger; that which shelters or
conceals from view; a shield or protection; as, a fire
screen.
Your leavy screens throw down.
Shak.
Some ambitious men seem as screens to princes in
matters of danger and envy.
Bacon.
2. (Arch.) A dwarf wall or partition
carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as
in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, or the
like.
3. A surface, as that afforded by a curtain, sheet,
wall, etc., upon which an image, as a picture, is thrown by a
magic lantern, solar microscope, etc.
4. A long, coarse riddle or sieve, sometimes a
revolving perforated cylinder, used to separate the coarser from
the finer parts, as of coal, sand, gravel, and the like.
<-- 5. A netting, usu. of metal, contained in a frame, used
mostly in windows or doors to allow in fresh air while excluding
insects.
Screen door, a door of which half or more is composed of a
screen. Screen window, a screen fitted for insertion into a
window frame.
6. The surface of an electronic device, as a television set
or computer monitor, on which a visible image is formed. The
screen is frequently the surface of a cathode-ray tube containing
phosphors excited by the electron beam, but other methods for
causing an image to appear on the screen are also used, as in
flat-panel displays.
7. The motion-picture industry; motion pictures. "A star of
stage and screen." -->
Screen (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Screened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Screening.] 1. To provide with
a shelter or means of concealment; to separate or cut off from
inconvience, injury, or danger; to shelter; to protect; to
protect by hiding; to conceal; as, fruits screened
from cold winds by a forest or hill.
They were encouraged and screened by some who were
in high comands.
Macaulay.
2. To pass, as coal, gravel, ashes, etc., through a
screen in order to separate the coarse from the fine, or the
worthless from the valuable; to sift.
<-- 3. To examine a group of objects methodically, to separate
them into groups or to select one or more for some purpose. As
-- (a), To inspect the qualifications of candidates for a job, to
select one or more to be hired.
(b) (Biochem., Med) To test a large number of samples, in
order to find those having specific desirable properties; as, to
screen plant extracts for anticancer agents. -->
Screen"ings (?), n. pl. The
refuse left after screening sand, coal, ashes, etc.
Screw (?), n. [OE.
scrue, OF. escroue, escroe,
female screw, F. \'82crou, L. scrobis a
ditch, trench, in LL., the hole made by swine in rooting; cf. D.
schroef a screw, G. schraube, Icel.
skr.] 1. A cylinder, or a
cylindrical perforation, having a continuous rib, called the
thread, winding round it spirally at a constant
inclination, so as to leave a continuous spiral groove, between
one turn and the next, -- used chiefly for producing, when
revolved, motion or pressure in the direction of its axis, by the
sliding of the threads of the cylinder in the grooves between the
threads of the perforation adapted to it, the former being
distinguished as the external, or male
screw, or, more usually the screw; the latter as
the internal, or female screw, or, more
usually, the nut.
pitch of the thread.
2. Specifically, a kind of nail with a spiral
thread and a head with a nick to receive the end of the
screw-driver. Screws are much used to hold together pieces of
wood or to fasten something; -- called also wood
screws, and screw nails. See also
Screw bolt, below.
3. Anything shaped or acting like a screw; esp., a
form of wheel for propelling steam vessels. It is placed at the
stern, and furnished with blades having helicoidal surfaces to
act against the water in the manner of a screw. See Screw
propeller, below.
4. A steam vesel propelled by a screw instead of
wheels; a screw steamer; a propeller.
5. An extortioner; a sharp bargainer; a skinflint;
a niggard.
Thackeray.
6. An instructor who examines with great or
unnecessary severity; also, a searching or strict examination of
a student by an instructor. [Cant, American
Colleges]
7. A small packet of tobacco.
[Slang]
Mayhew.
8. An unsound or worn-out horse, useful as a hack,
and commonly of good appearance.
Ld. Lytton.
9. (Math.) A straight line in space with
which a definite linear magnitude termed the pitch is
associated (cf. 5th Pitch, 10 (b)). It is used
to express the displacement of a rigid body, which may always be
made to consist of a rotation about an axis combined with a
translation parallel to that axis.
10. (Zo\'94l.) An amphipod crustacean;
as, the skeleton screw (Caprella).
See Sand screw, under Sand.
Archimedes screw, Compound screw,
Foot screw, etc. See under
Archimedes, Compound, Foot, etc.
-- A screw loose, something out of order, so that
work is not done smoothly; as, there is a screw loose
somewhere. H. Martineau.
-- Endless, perpetual
screw, a screw used to give motion to a toothed
wheel by the action of its threads between the teeth of the
wheel; -- called also a worm. -- Lag
screw. See under Lag. -- Micrometer
screw, a screw with fine threads, used for the
measurement of very small spaces. -- Right and left
screw, a screw having threads upon the opposite ends
which wind in opposite directions. -- Screw
alley. See Shaft alley, under
Shaft. -- Screw bean. (Bot.)
(a) The curious spirally coiled pod of a leguminous
tree (Prosopis pubescens) growing from Texas to
California. It is used for fodder, and ground into meal by the
Indians. (b) The tree itself. Its heavy hard
wood is used for fuel, for fencing, and for railroad ties.
-- Screw bolt, a bolt having a screw thread on its
shank, in distinction from a key bolt. See 1st
Bolt, 3. -- Screw box, a device,
resembling a die, for cutting the thread on a wooden screw.
-- Screw dock. See under Dock. --
Screw engine, a marine engine for driving a screw
propeller. -- Screw gear. See Spiral
gear, under Spiral. -- Screw
jack. Same as Jackscrew. -- Screw
key, a wrench for turming a screw or nut; a spanner
wrench. -- Screw machine. (a) One of
a series of machines employed in the manufacture of wood
screws. (b) A machine tool resembling a lathe,
having a number of cutting tools that can be caused to act on the
work successively, for making screws and other turned pieces from
metal rods. -- Screw pine (Bot.),
any plant of the endogenous genus Pandanus, of
which there are about fifty species, natives of tropical lands
from Africa to Polynesia; -- named from the spiral arrangement of
the pineapple-like leaves. -- Screw plate, a
device for cutting threads on small screws, consisting of a thin
steel plate having a series of perforations with internal screws
forming dies. -- Screw press, a press in
which pressure is exerted by means of a screw. -- Screw
propeller, a screw or spiral bladed wheel, used in the
propulsion of steam vessels; also, a steam vessel propelled by a
screw. -- Screw shell (Zo\'94l.),
a long, slender, spiral gastropod shell, especially of the
genus Turritella and allied genera. See Turritella.
-- Screw steamer, a steamship propelled by a
screw. -- Screw thread, the spiral which
forms a screw. -- Screw stone
(Paleon.), the fossil stem of an encrinite.
-- Screw tree (Bot.), any plant of the
genus Helicteres, consisting of about thirty species
of tropical shrubs, with simple leaves and spirally twisted,
five-celled capsules; -- also called
twisted-horn, and
twisty. -- Screw valve, a
stop valve which is opened or closed by a screw. --
Screw worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of an
American fly (Compsomyia macellaria), allied to the
blowflies, which sometimes deposits its eggs in the nostrils, or
about wounds, in man and other animals, with fatal results.
-- Screw wrench. (a) A wrench for turning
a screw. (b) A wrench with an adjustable jaw
that is moved by a screw. -- To put the
screw, , on, to use
pressure upon, as for the purpose of extortion; to coerce.
-- To put under the screw screws, to subject to presure; to
force. -- Wood screw, a metal screw with a
sharp thread of coarse pitch, adapted to holding fast in wood.
See Illust. of Wood screw, under
Wood.
Screw (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Screwed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Screwing.] 1. To turn, as a
screw; to apply a screw to; to press, fasten, or make firm, by
means of a screw or screws; as, to screw a lock on a
door; to screw a press.
2. To force; to squeeze; to press, as by
screws.
But screw your courage to the sticking place,
And we'll not fail.
Shak.
3. Hence: To practice extortion upon; to oppress by
unreasonable or extortionate exactions.
Our country landlords, by unmeasureable screwing
and racking their tenants, have already reduced the miserable
people to a worse condition than the peasants in France.
swift.
4. To twist; to distort; as, to screw
his visage.
He screwed his face into a hardened smile.
Dryden.
5. To examine rigidly, as a student; to subject to
a severe examination. [Cant, American
Colleges]
To screw out, to press out; to extort. --
To screw up, to force; to bring by violent
pressure. Howell.<-- (b) to damage by unskillful
effort; to bungle; to botch; to mess up. (c) [intrans] to fail
by unskillful effort, usu. causing unpleasant consequences. -->
-- To screw in, to force in by turning or
twisting.
<-- Screw around, (a) to act aimlessly or unproductively. (b)
screw around with, to operate or make changes on (a machine or
device) without expert knowledge; to fiddle with. [Colloq.] (c)
commit adultery; to be sexually promiscuous. -->
Screw, v. i. 1. To use violent
mans in making exactions; to be oppressive or exacting.
Howitt.
2. To turn one's self uneasily with a twisting
motion; as, he screws about in his chair.
<-- Screwball, n. 1. an eccentric or crazy person; an oddball.
2. a baseball pitch that curves in the direction opposite to
that of a curve ball.
adj. eccentric; zany; crazy. -->
Screw"-cut`ting (?), a. Adapted
for forming a screw by cutting; as, a screw-cutting
lathe.
Screw"-driv`er (?), n. A tool
for turning screws so as to drive them into their place. It has a
thin end which enters the nick in the head of the screw.
Screw"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, screws.
Screw"ing, a. & n. from Screw,
v. t.
Screwing machine. See Screw
machine, under Screw.
Scrib"a*ble (?), a. [See
Scribe.] Capable of being written, or of
being written upon. [R.]
Scri*ba"tious (?), a. [See
Scribe.] Skillful in, or fond of,
writing. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Scrib"bet (?), n. A painter's
pencil.
Scrib"ble (?), v. t. [Cf.
Scrabble.] (Woolen Manuf.) To card
coarsely; to run through the scribling machine.
Scrib"ble, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scribbled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scribling (?).] [From
Scrible.] 1. To write hastily or
carelessly, without regard to correctness or elegance; as, to
scribble a letter.
2. To fill or cover with careless or worthless
writing.
Scrib"ble, v. i. To write without care,
elegance, or value; to scrawl.
If M\'91vius scribble in Apollo's spite.
Pope.
Scrib"ble, n. Hasty or careless writing;
a writing of little value; a scrawl; as, a hasty
scribble.
Boyle.
Neither did I but vacant seasons spend
In this my scribble.
Bunyan.
Scrib"ble*ment (?), n. A
scribble. [R.]
oster.
Scrib"bler (?), n. One who
scribles; a literary hack.
The scribbler, pinched with hunger, writes to
dine.
Granville.
Scrib"bler, n. A scribbling
machine.
Scrib"bling (?), n. [See 1st
Scribble.] The act or process of carding
coarsely.
Scribbing machine, the machine used for the
first carding of wool or other fiber; -- called also
scribbler.
Scrib"bling, a. Writing hastily or
poorly.
Ye newspaper witlings! ye pert scribbling
folks!
Goldsmith.
Scrib"bling, n. The act of writing
hastily or idly.
Scrib"bling*ly, adv. In a scribbling
manner.
Scribe (?), n. [L.
scriba, fr. scribere to write; cf. Gr. scarify.
Cf. Ascribe, Describe, Script,
Scrivener, Scrutoire.] 1.
One who writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another;
especially, an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or
secretary; a notary; a copyist.
2. (Jewish Hist.) A writer and doctor of
the law; one skilled in the law and traditions; one who read and
explained the law to the people.
<-- p. 1293 -->
Scribe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scribed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scribing.] 1. To write,
engrave, or mark upon; to inscribe.
Spenser.
2. (Carp.) To cut (anything) in such a
way as to fit closely to a somewhat irregular surface, as a
baseboard to a floor which is out of level, a board to the curves
of a molding, or the like; -- so called because the workman
marks, or scribe, with the compasses the line that he
afterwards cuts.
3. To score or mark with compasses or a scribing
iron.
Scribing iron, an iron-pointed instrument for
scribing, or marking, casks and logs.
Scribe, v. i. To make a mark.
With the separated points of a pair of spring dividers
scribe around the edge of the templet.
A. M. Mayer.
Scrib"er (?), n. A
sharp-pointed tool, used by joiners for drawing lines on stuff; a
marking awl.
Scrib"ism (?), n. The character
and opinions of a Jewish scribe in the time of Christ.
F. W. Robertson.
Scrid (?), n. A screed; a
shred; a fragment. [R.]
Scrig"gle (?), v. i. To
wriggle. [Prov. Eng.]
Scrim (?), n. 1. A
kind of light cotton or linen fabric, often woven in openwork
patterns, -- used for curtains, etc,; -- called also
India scrim.
2. pl. Thin canvas glued on the inside
of panels to prevent shrinking, checking, etc.
Scri"mer (?), n. [F.
escrimeur. See Skirmish.] A
fencing master. [Obs.]
Shak.
Scrim"mage (?; 48), n. [A
corruption of skirmish. \'bdSore
scrymmishe.\'b8 Ld. Berners.]]
[Written also scrummage.] 1.
Formerly, a skirmish; now, a general row or confused fight
or struggle.
2. (Football) The struggle in the rush
lines after the ball is put in play.
Scrimp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scrimped (?;
215); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scrimping.] [Cf. Dan.
skrumpe, G. schrumpfen, D.
krimpen. Cf. Shrimp, Shrine.]
To make too small or short; to limit or straiten; to put on
short allowance; to scant; to contract; to shorten; as, to
scrimp the pattern of a coat.
<-- To economize.
Scrimp and save. Economize and save the money not spent. -->
Scrimp, a. Short; scanty;
curtailed.
Scrimp, n. A pinching miser; a
niggard. [U.S.]
Scrimp"ing, a. & n. from
Scrimp, v. t.
Scrimping bar, a device used in connection
with a calico printing machine for stretching the fabric
breadthwise so that it may be smooth for printing.
Knight.
Scrimp"ing*ly, adv. In a scrimping
manner.
Scrimp"ness, n. The state of being
scrimp.
Scrimp"tion (?), n. A small
portion; a pittance; a little bit. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Scrim"shaw` (?), v. t. To
ornament, as shells, ivory, etc., by engraving, and (usually)
rubbing pigments into the incised lines. [Sailor's
cant. U.S.]
Scrim"shaw`, n. A shell, a whale's
tooth, or the like, that is scrimshawed. [Sailor's
cant, U.S.]
Scrine (?), n. [L.
scrinium a case for books, letters, etc.: cf. OF.
escrin, F. \'82crin. See
Shrine.] A chest, bookcase, or other place,
where writings or curiosities are deposited; a shrine.
[Obs.]
But laid them up in immortial scrine.
Spenser.
Scrine (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scringed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scringing
(?).] [Cf. Cringe.]
To cringe. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Scrip (?), n. [OE.
scrippe, probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & OSw.
skreppa, and also LL. scrippum, OF.
esquerpe, escrepe, F. \'82charpe
scarf. Cf. Scarp, Scarf a piece of
dress.] A small bag; a wallet; a satchel.
[Archaic]
Chaucer.
And in requital ope his leathern scrip.
Milton.
Scrip, n. [From
script.] 1. A small writing,
certificate, or schedule; a piece of paper containing a
writing.
Call them generally, man by man, according to the
scrip.
Shak.
Bills of exchange can not pay our debts abroad, till
scrips of paper can be made current coin.
Locke.
2. A preliminary certificate of a subscription to
the capital of a bank, railroad, or other company, or for a share
of other joint property, or a loan, stating the amount of the
subscription and the date of the payment of the installments;
as, insurance scrip, consol scrip,
etc. When all the installments are paid, the scrip is
exchanged for a bond share certificate.
3. Paper fractional currency.
[Colloq.U.S.]
Scrip"page (?; 48), n. The
contents of a scrip, or wallet. [Obs.]
Shak.
Script (?), n. [OE.
scrit, L. scriptum something written, fr.
scribere, scriptum to write: cf. OF.
escript, , F. \'82crit.
See Scribe, and cf. Scrip a writing.]
1. A writing; a written document.
[Obs.]
aucer.
2. (Print.) Type made in imitation of
handwriting.
3. (Law) An original instrument or
document.
4. Written characters; style of writing.
<-- 5. The written document containing the dialogue and action
for a drama; the text of a stage play, movie, or other
performance. Especially, the final form used for the performance
itself. -->
Scrip*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl.
Scriptoria (#). [LL. See
Scriptory.] In an abbey or monastery, the
room set apart for writing or copying manuscripts; in general, a
room devoted to writing.
Writing rooms, or scriptoria, where the chief works
of Latin literature . . . were copied and illuminated.
J. R. Green.
Scrip"to*ry (?), a. [L.
scriptorius, fr. scribere,
scriptum to write.] Of or pertaining to
writing; expressed in writing; used in writing; as,
scriptory wills; a scriptory reed.
[R.]
Swift.
Scrip"tur*al (?; 135), a.
Contained in the Scriptures; according to the Scriptures, or
sacred oracles; biblical; as, a scriptural
doctrine.
Scrip"tur*al*ism (?), n. The
quality or state of being scriptural; literal adherence to the
Scriptures.
Scrip"tur*al*ist, n. One who adheres
literally to the Scriptures.
Scrip"tur*al*ly, adv. In a scriptural
manner.
Scrip"tur*al*ness, n. Quality of being
scriptural.
Scrip"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
scriptura, fr. scribere,
scriptum, to write: cf. OF. escripture,
escriture, F. \'82criture. See
Scribe.] 1. Anything written; a
writing; a document; an inscription.
I have put it in scripture and in remembrance.
Chaucer.
Then the Lord of Manny read the scripture on the
tomb, the which was in Latin.
Ld. Berners.
2. The books of the Old and the new Testament, or
of either of them; the Bible; -- used by way of eminence or
distinction, and chiefly in the plural.
There is not any action a man ought to do, or to forbear, but
the Scripture will give him a clear precept or
prohibition for it.
South.
Compared with the knowledge which the Scripteres
contain, every other subject of human inquiry is vanity.
Buckminster.
3. A passage from the Bible;; a text.
The devil can eite Scripture for his purpose.
Shak.
Hanging by the twined thread of one doubtful
Scripture.
Milton.
Scrip*tu"ri*an (?), n. A
Scripturist. [Obs.]
Scrip"tur*ist (?; 135), n. One
who is strongly attached to, or versed in, the Scriptures, or who
endeavors to regulate his life by them.
The Puritan was a Scripturist with all his heart,
if as yet with imperfect intelligence . . . he cherished the
scheme of looking to the Word of God as his sole and universal
directory.
Palfrey.
Scrit (?), n. [See
Script.] Writing; document; scroll.
[Obs.] \'bdOf every scrit and bond.\'b8
Chaucer.
Scritch (?), n. A
screech. [R.]
Perhaps it is the owlet's scritch.
Coleridge.
Scrive"ner (? , n. [From
older scrivein, OF. escrivain, F.
\'82crivain, LL. scribanus, from L.
scribere to write. See Scribe.]
1. A professional writer; one whose occupation is
to draw contracts or prepare writings.
Shak.
The writer better scrivener than clerk.
Fuller.
2. One whose business is to place money at
interest; a broker. [Obs.]
ryden.
3. A writing master. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's
cramp, under Writer.
\'d8Scro*bic"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Scrobicul\'91 (#). [NL. See
Scrobiculate.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the smooth areas surrounding the tubercles of a sea urchin.
Scro*bic"u*lar (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or surrounding,
scrobicul\'91; as, scrobicular tubercles.
{ Scro*bic"u*late (?),
Scro*bic"u*la`ted (?) }, a.
[L. scrobiculus, dim. of scrobis a
ditch or trench.] (Bot.) Having numerous
small, shallow depressions or hollows; pitted.
{ Scrod (?), Scrode (?)
}, n. A young codfish, especially when cut
open on the back and dressed. [Written also
escrod.] [Local, U.S.]
Scrod"dled ware` (?). Mottled pottery made
from scraps of differently colored clays.
Scrof"u*la (?), n. [L.
scrofulae, fr. scrofa a breeding sow,
because swine were supposed to be subject to such a complaint, or
by a fanciful comparison of the glandular swellings to little
pigs; perhaps akin to Gr. scrofules. Cf. Scroyle.]
(Med.) A constitutional disease, generally
hereditary, especially manifested by chronic enlargement and
cheesy degeneration of the lymphatic glands, particularly those
of the neck, and marked by a tendency to the development of
chronic intractable inflammations of the skin, mucous membrane,
bones, joints, and other parts, and by a diminution in the power
of resistance to disease or injury and the capacity for recovery.
Scrofula is now generally held to be tuberculous in character,
and may develop into general or local tuberculosis
(consumption).
Scrof"u*lide (? , n.
(Med.) Any affection of the skin dependent on
scrofula.
Scrof"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
scrofuleux.] 1. Pertaining to
scrofula, or partaking of its nature; as, scrofulous
tumors; a scrofulous habit of body.
2. Diseased or affected with scrofula.
Scrofulous persons can never be duly nourished.
Arbuthnot.
-- Scorf"u*lous*ly, adv. --
Scrof"u*lous*ness, n.
Scrog (?), n. [Cf.
Scrag, or Gael. sgrogag anything shriveled,
from sgrag to compress, shrivel.] A stunted
shrub, bush, or branch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Scrog"gy (?), a. Abounding in
scrog; also, twisted; stunted. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Halliwell.
Scroll (?), n. [A dim. of OE.
scroue, scrowe (whence E.
escrow), OF. escroe, escroue, F.
\'82crou entry in the jail book, LL. scroa
scroll, probably of Teutonic origin; cf. OD. schroode
a strip, shred, slip of paper, akin to E. shred. Cf.
Shred, Escrow.] 1. A roll
of paper or parchment; a writing formed into a roll; a schedule;
a list.
The heavens shall be rolled together as a
scroll.
Isa. xxxiv. 4.
Here is the scroll of every man's name.
Shak.
2. (Arch.) An ornament formed of
undulations giving off spirals or sprays, usually suggestive of
plant form. Roman architectural ornament is largely of some
scroll pattern.
3. A mark or flourish added to a person's
signature, intended to represent a seal, and in some States
allowed as a substitute for a seal. [U.S.]
Burrill.
4. (Geom.) Same as Skew
surface. See under Skew.
Linen scroll (Arch.) See under
Linen. -- Scroll chuck
(Mach.), an adjustable chuck, applicable to a
lathe spindle, for centering and holding work, in which the jaws
are adjusted and tightened simultaneously by turning a disk
having in its face a spiral groove which is entered by teeth on
the backs of the jaws. -- Scroll saw. See
under Saw.
Scrolled (?), a. Formed like a
scroll; contained in a scroll; adorned with scrolls; as,
scrolled work.
\'d8Scroph`u*la"ri*a (?), n.
[NL. So called because it was reputed to be remedy for
scrofula.] (Bot.) A genus of
coarse herbs having small flowers in panicled cymes;
figwort.
Scroph`u*la`ri*a"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a very large natural
order of gamopetalous plants (Scrophulariace\'91, or
Scrophularine\'91), usually having irregular
didynamous flowers and a two-celled pod. The order includes the
mullein, foxglove, snapdragon, figwort, painted cup, yellow
rattle, and some exotic trees, as the Paulownia.
Scro"tal (?), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the scrotum; as, scrotal
hernia.
Scro"ti*form (?), a. [L.
scrotum scrotum + -form.]
Purse-shaped; pouch-shaped.
Scro"to*cele (?), n.
[Scrotum + Gr. scrotoc\'82le.] (Med.) A rupture
or hernia in the scrotum; scrotal hernia.
\'d8Scro"tum (?), n. [L.]
(Anat.) The bag or pouch which contains the
testicles; the cod.
Scrouge (?), v. t. [Etymol.
uncertain.] To crowd; to squeeze. [Prov.
Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Scrow (? , n. [See
Escrow, Scroll.] 1. A
scroll. [Obs.]
Palsgrave.
2. A clipping from skins; a currier's
cuttings.
Scroyle (?), n. [Cf. OF.
escrouselle a kind of vermin, escrouelles,
pl., scrofula, F. \'82crouelles, fr. (assumed) LL.
scrofulae. See Scrofula, and cf.
Cruels.] A mean fellow; a wretch.
[Obs.]
hak.
Scrub (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scrubbed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scrubbing.] [OE. scrobben,
probably of Dutch or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. sckrubbe,
Sw. skrubba, D. schrobben, LG.
schrubben.] To rub hard; to wash with
rubbing; usually, to rub with a wet brush, or with something
coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning or brightening;
as, to scrub a floor, a doorplate.
Scrub, v. i. To rub anything hard,
especially with a wet brush; to scour; hence, to be diligent and
penurious; as, to scrub hard for a
living.
Scrub, n. 1. One who labors
hard and lives meanly; a mean fellow. \'bdA sorry
scrub.\'b8
Bunyan.
We should go there in as proper a manner possible; nor
altogether like the scrubs about us.
Goldsmith.
2. Something small and mean.
3. A worn-out brush.
Ainsworth.
4. A thicket or jungle, often specified by the name
of the prevailing plant; as, oak scrub, palmetto
scrub, etc.
5. (Stock Breeding) One of the commen
live stock of a region of no particular breed or not of pure
breed, esp. when inferior in size, etc. [U.S.]
Scrub bird (Zo\'94l.), an
Australian passerine bird of the family
Atrichornithid\'91, as Atrichia clamosa; --
called also brush bird. -- Scrub
oak (Bot.), the popular name of several
dwarfish species of oak. The scrub oak of New England and the
Middle States is Quercus ilicifolia, a scraggy shrub;
that of the Southern States is a small tree (Q.
Catesb\'91i); that of the Rocky Mountain region is Q.
undulata, var. Gambelii. -- Scrub
robin (Zo\'94l.), an Australian singing bird
of the genus Drymodes.
Scrub, a. Mean; dirty; contemptible;
scrubby.
How solitary, how scrub, does this town lokk!
Walpole.
No little scrub joint shall come on my board.
Swift.
Scrub game, a game, as of ball, by unpracticed
players. -- Scrub race, a race between
scrubs, or between untrained animals or contestants.
Scrub"bed (?), a. Dwarfed or
stunted; scrubby.
Scrub"ber (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, scrubs; esp., a brush used in
scrubbing.
2. (Gas Manuf.) A gas washer. See under
Gas.
Scrub"board` (?), n. A
baseboard; a mopboard.
Scrub"by (?), a.
[Compar. Scrubbier (?);
superl. Scrubbiest.] Of the
nature of scrub; small and mean; stunted in growth; as, a
scrubby cur. \'bdDense, scrubby
woods.\'b8
Duke of Argull.
Scrub"stone` (?), n. A species
of calciferous sandstone. [Prov. Eng.]
Scruff (?), n. [See
Scurf.] Scurf. [Obs.]
Scruff, n. [Cf. Scuff.]
The nape of the neck; the loose outside skin, as of the back
of the neck.
Scrum"mage (?; 43), n. See
Scrimmage.
Scrump"tious (?), a. Nice;
particular; fastidious; excellent; fine.
[Slang]
Scrunch (?), v. t. & v. i. [Cf.
Scranch, Crunch.] To scranch; to
crunch.
Dickens.
Scru"ple (?), n. [L.
scrupulus a small sharp or pointed stone, the
twenty-fourth part of an ounce, a scruple, uneasiness, doubt,
dim. of scrupus a rough or sharp stone, anxiety,
uneasiness; perh. akin to Gr. kshura: cf. F. scrupule.]
1. A weight of twenty grains; the third part of a
dram.
2. Hence, a very small quantity; a particle.
I will not bate thee a scruple.
Shak.
3. Hesitation as to action from the difficulty of
determining what is right or expedient; unwillingness, doubt, or
hesitation proceeding from motives of conscience.
He was made miserable by the conflict between his tastes and
his scruples.
Macaulay.
To make scruple, to hesitate from
conscientious motives; to scruple. Locke.
Scru"ple, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Scrupled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Skrupling (?).] To be
reluctant or to hesitate, as regards an action, on account of
considerations of conscience or expedience.
We are often over-precise, scrupling to say or do those things
which lawfully we may.
Fuller.
Men scruple at the lawfulness of a set form of
divine worship.
South.
Scru"ple, v. t. 1. To regard
with suspicion; to hesitate at; to question.
Others long before them . . . scrupled more the
books of hereties than of gentiles.
Milton.
2. To excite scruples in; to cause to
scruple. [R.]
Letters which did still scruple many of them.
E. Symmons.
Scru"pler (?), n. One who
scruples.
Scru"pu*list (?), n. A
scrupler. [Obs.]
Scru"ou-lize (?), v. t. To
perplex with scruples; to regard with scruples.
[Obs.]
Bp. Montagu.
<-- p. 1294 -->
Scru`pu*los"i*ty (?), n. [L.
scrupulositas.] The quality or state of
being scruppulous; doubt; doubtfulness respecting decision or
action; caution or tenderness from the far of doing wrong or
ofending; nice regard to exactness and propierty;
precision.
The first sacrilege is looked on with horror; but when they
have made the breach, their scrupulosity soon
retires.
Dr. H. More.
Careful, even to scrupulosity, . . . to keep their
Sabbath.
South.
Scru"pu*lous (?), a. [L.
scrupulosus: cf. F. scrupuleux.]
1. Full ofscrupules; inclined to scruple; nicely
doubtful; hesitating to determine or to act, from a fear of
offending or of doing wrong.
Abusing their liberty, to the offense of their weak brethren
which were scrupulous.
Hooker.
2. Careful; cautious; exact; nice; as,
scrupulous abstinence from labor; scrupulous
performance of duties.
3. Given to making objections; captious.
[Obs.]
Equality of two domestic powers
Breed scrupulous faction.
Shak.
4. Liable to be doubted; doubtful; nice.
[Obs.]
The justice of that cause ought to be evident; not obscrure,
not scrupulous.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Cautious; careful; conscientious; hesitating.
-- Scru"pu*lous*ly, adv. --
Scru"pu*lous*ness, n.
Scru"ta*ble (?), a.
Discoverable by scrutiny, inquiry, or critical
examination. [R.]
r. H. More.
Scru*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
scrutatio.] Search; scrutiny.
[Obs.]
\'d8Scru*ta"tor (?), n.
[L.] One who scrutinizes; a close examiner or
inquirer.
Ayliffe.
Scru`ti*neer (?), n. A
scrutinizer; specifically, an examiner of votes, as at an
election.
Scru"ti*nize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scrutinized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scrutinizing
(?).] [From Scrutiny.]
To examine closely; to inspect or observe with critical
attention; to regard narrowly; as, to scrutinize the
measures of administration; to scrutinize the conduct or
motives of individuals.
Whose votes they were obliged to scrutinize.
Ayliffe.
Thscrutinized his
face the closest.
G. W. Cable.
Scru"ti*nize, v. i. To make
scrutiny.
Scru"ti*ni`zer (?), n. One who
scrutinizes.
Scru"ti*nous (?), a. Closely
examining, or inquiring; careful; sctrict. --
Scru"ti*nous*ly, adv.
Scru"ti*ny (?), n. [L.
scrutinium, fr. scrutari to search
carefuly, originally, to search even to the rags, fr.
scruta trash, trumpery; perhaps akin to E.
shred: cf. AS. scrudnian to make
scrutiny.] 1. Close examination; minute
inspection; critical observation.
They that have designed exactness and deep scrutiny
have taken some one part of nature.
Sir M. Hale.
Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view
And narrower scrutiny.
Milton.
2. (Anc. Church) An examination of
catechumens, in the last week of Lent, who were to receive
baptism on Easter Day.
3. (Canon Law) A ticket, or little paper
billet, on which a vote is written.
4. (Parliamentary Practice) An
examination by a committee of the votes given at an election, for
the purpose of correcting the poll.
Brande & C.
Scru"ti*ny, v. t. To scrutinize.
[Obs.]
Scru*toire" (?), n. [OF.
escritoire. See Escritoire.] A
escritoire; a writing desk.
Scruze (?), v. t. [Cf.
Excruciate.] To squeeze, compress, crush, or
bruise. [Obs. or Low]
Spenser.
Scry (?), v. t. To
descry. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Scry, n. [From Scry,
v.] A flock of wild fowl.
Scry, n. [OE. ascrie, fr.
ascrien to cry out, fr. OF. escrier, F.
s'\'82crier. See Ex-, and
Cry.] A cry or shout.
[Obs.]
Ld. Berners.
Scud (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scudded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Scudding.] [Dan.
skyde to shoot, shove, push, akin to skud
shot, gunshot, a shoot, young bough, and to E. shoot.
Shoot.] 1. To move
swiftly; especially, to move as if driven forward by
something.
The first nautilus that scudded upon the glassy
surface of warm primeval oceans.
I. Taylor.
The wind was high; the vast white clouds scudded
over the blue heaven.
Beaconsfield.
2. (Naut.) To be driven swiftly, or to
run, before a gale, with little or no sail spread.
Scud, v. t. To pass over quickly.
[R.]
Shenstone.
Scud, n. 1. The act of
scudding; a driving along; a rushing with precipitation.
2. Loose, vapory clouds driven swiftly by the
wind.
Borne on the scud of the sea.
Longfellow.
The scud was flying fast above us, throwing a veil
over the moon.
Sir S. Baker.
3. A slight, sudden shower. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A small flight of larks,
or other birds, less than a flock. [Prov.
Eng.]
5. (Zo\'94l.) Any swimming amphipod
crustacean.
Storm scud. See the Note under
Cloud.
Scud"dle (?), v. i. [Freq. of
scud: cf. Scuttle to hurry.] To
run hastily; to hurry; to scuttle.
\'d8Scu"do (?), n.; pl.
Scudi (#). [It., a crown, a
dollar, a shield, fr. L. scutum a shield. Cf.
Scute.] (Com.) (a) A
silver coin, and money of account, used in Italy and Sicily,
varying in value, in different parts, but worth about 4 shillings
sterling, or about 96 cents; also, a gold coin worth about the
same. (b) A gold coin of Rome, worth 64
shillings 11 pence sterling, or about $ 15.70.
Scuff (?), n. [Cf. D.
schoft shoulder, Goth. skuft hair of the
head. Cf. Scruff.] The back part of the neck;
the scruff. [Prov. Eng.]
Ld. Lytton.
Scuff, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Scuffed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scuffing.] [See
Scuffle.] To walk without lifting the feet;
to proceed with a scraping or dragging movement; to
shuffle.
Scuf"fle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Scuffled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scuffling
(?).] [Freq. of scuff, v.i.;
cf. Sw. skuffa to push, shove, skuff a
push, Dan. skuffe a drawer, a shovel, and E.
shuffle, shove. See Shove, and cf.
Shuffle.] 1. To strive or struggle
with a close grapple; to wrestle in a rough fashion.
2. Hence, to strive or contend tumultuously; to
struggle confusedly or at haphazard.
A gallant man had rather fight to great disadvantage in the
field, in an orderly way, than scuffle with an
undisciplined rabble.
Eikon Basilike.
Scuf"fle, n. 1. A rough,
haphazard struggle, or trial of strength; a disorderly wrestling
at close quarters.
2. Hence, a confused contest; a tumultuous struggle
for superiority; a fight.
The dog leaps upon the serpent, and tears it to pieces; but in
the scuffle the cradle happened to be overturned.
L'Estrange.
3. A child's pinafore or bib. [Prov.
Eng.]
4. A garden hoe. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Scuf"fler (?), n. 1.
One who scuffles.
2. An agricultural implement resembling a
scarifier, but usually lighter.
Scug (?), v. i. [Cf. Dan.
skugge to darken, a shade, SW. skugga to
shade, a shade, Icel. skuggja to shade,
skuggi a shade.] To hide.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Scug, n. A place of shelter; the
declivity of a hill. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
{ Sculk (?), Sculk"er
(?) }. See Skulk,
Skulker.
Scull (?), n. (Anat.)
The skull. [Obs.]
Scull, n. [See 1st
School.] A shoal of fish.
Milton.
Scull, n. [Of uncertain origin; cf.
Icel. skola to wash.] 1.
(Naut.) (a) A boat; a cockboat. See
Sculler. (b) One of a pair of short
oars worked by one person. (c) A single oar
used at the stern in propelling a boat.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The common skua
gull. [Prov. Eng.]
Scull, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sculled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sculling.] (Naut.)
To impel (a boat) with a pair of sculls, or with a single
scull or oar worked over the stern obliquely from side to
side.
Scull, v. i. To impel a boat with a
scull or sculls.
Scull"er (?), n. 1. A
boat rowed by one man with two sculls, or short oars.
[R.]
Dryden.
2. One who sculls.
Scul"ler*y (?), n.; pl.
Sculleries (#). [Probably
originally, a place for washing dishes, and for
swillery, fr. OE. swilen to wash, AS.
swilian (see Swill to wash, to drink), but
influenced either by Icel. skola, skyla,
Dan. skylle, or by OF. escuelier a place
for keeping dishes, fr. escuele a dish, F.
\'82cuelle, fr. L. scutella a salver,
waiter (cf. Scuttle a basket); or perhaps the English
word is immediately from the OF. escuelier; cf. OE.
squyllare a dishwasher.] 1. A
place where dishes, kettles, and culinary utensils, are cleaned
and kept; also, a room attached to the kitchen, where the coarse
work is done; a back kitchen.
2. Hence, refuse; fifth; offal.
[Obs.]
auden.
Scul"lion (?), n. (Bot.)
A scalion.
Scul"lion, n. [OF. escouillon
(Cot.) a dishclout, apparently for escouvillon, F.
\'82couvillon a swab; cf. also OF. souillon
a servant employed for base offices. Cf. Scovel.]
A servant who cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial
services in the kitchen.
The meanest scullion that followed his camp.
South.
Scul"lion*ly, a. Like a scullion;
base. [Obs.]
Milton.
Sculp (?), v. t. [See
Sculptor.] To sculpture; to carve; to
engrave. [Obs. or Humorous.]
Sandys.
Scul"pin (?), n. [Written also
skulpin.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
Any one of numerous species of marine cottoid fishes of the
genus Cottus, or Acanthocottus, having a
large head armed with sharp spines, and a broad mouth. They are
generally mottled with yellow, brown, and black. Several species
are found on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and America.
(b) A large cottoid market fish of California
(Scorp\'91nichthys marmoratus); -- called also
bighead, cabezon,
scorpion, salpa.
(c) The dragonet, or yellow sculpin, of Europe
(Callionymus lura).
Deep-water sculpin, the sea raven.
Sculp"tile (?), a. [L.
sculptilis. See Sculptor.]
Formed by carving; graven; as, sculptile
images. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Sculp"tor (?), n. [L.
sculptor, fr. sculpere,
sculptum, to carve; cf. scalpere to cut,
carve, scratch, and Gr. sculpteur.] 1. One who sculptures;
one whose occupation is to carve statues, or works of
sculpture.
2. Hence, an artist who designs works of sculpture,
his first studies and his finished model being usually in a
plastic material, from which model the marble is cut, or the
bronze is cast.
Sculp"tress (?), n. A female
sculptor.
Sculp"tur*al (?; 135), a. Of or
pertaining to sculpture.
G. Eliot.
Sculp"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
sculptura: cf. F. sculpture.]
1. The art of carving, cutting, or hewing wood,
stone, metal, etc., into statues, ornaments, etc., or into
figures, as of men, or other things; hence, the art of producing
figures and groups, whether in plastic or hard materials.
2. Carved work modeled of, or cut upon, wood,
stone, metal, etc.
There, too, in living sculpture, might be seen
The mad affection of the Cretan queen.
Dryden.
Sculp"ture (?; 135), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sculptured
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sculpturing.] To form with the chisel
on, in, or from, wood, stone, or metal; to carve; to
engrave.
Sculptured tortoise (Zo\'94l.), a
common North American wood tortoise (Glyptemys
insculpta). The shell is marked with strong grooving and
ridges which resemble sculptured figures.
Sculp`tur*esque" (?), a. After
the manner of sculpture; resembling, or relating to,
sculpture.
Scum (?), n. [Of Scand. origin;
cf. Dan. & Sw. skum, Icel. sk, LG.
schum, D. schuim, OHG. sc,
G. schaum; probably from a root meaning, to cover.
Hide skin, Meerschaum,
Skim, v., Sky.]
1. The extraneous matter or impurities which rise
to the surface of liquids in boiling or fermentation, or which
form on the surface by other means; also, the scoria of metals in
a molten state; dross.
Some to remove the scum it did rise.
Spenser.
2. refuse; recrement; anything vile or
worthless.
The great and innocent are insulted by the scum and
refuse of the people.
Addison.
Scum, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scummed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scumming (?).] 1.
To take the scum from; to clear off the impure matter from
the surface of; to skim.
You that scum the molten lead.
Dryden & Lee.
2. To sweep or range over the surface of.
[Obs.]
Wandering up and down without certain seat, they lived by
scumming those seas and shores as pirates.
Milton.
Scum, v. i. To form a scum; to become
covered with scum. Also used figuratively.
Life, and the interest of life, have stagnated and
scummed over.
A. K. H. Boyd.
Scum"ber (?), v. i. [Cf.
Discumber.] To void excrement.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Massinger.
Scum"ber, n. Dung. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
Scum"ble (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scumbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scumbling
(?).] [Freq. of scum. (Fine Arts) To cover lighty, as a
painting, or a drawing, with a thin wash of opaque color, or with
color-crayon dust rubbed on with the stump, or to make any
similar additions to the work, so as to produce a softened
effect.
Scum"bling (?), n. 1.
(Fine Arts) (a) A mode of obtaining a
softened effect, in painting and drawing, by the application of a
thin layer of opaque color to the surface of a painting, or part
of the surface, which is too bright in color, or which requires
harmonizing. (b) In crayon drawing, the use
of the stump.
2. The color so laid on. Also used
figuratively.
Shining above the brown scumbling of leafless
orchards.
L. Wallace.
Scum"mer (?), v. i. To
scumber. [Obs.]
Holland.
Scum"mer, n. Excrement; scumber.
[Obs.]
Scum"mer, n. [Cf. OF.
escumoire, F. \'82cumoire. See
Scum, and cf. Skimmer.] An
instrument for taking off scum; a skimmer.
Scum"ming (?), n. (a)
The act of taking off scum. (b) That
which is scummed off; skimmings; scum; -- used chiefly in the
plural.
Scum"my (?), a. Covered with
scum; of the nature of scum.
Sir P. Sidney.
Scun"ner (?), v. t. [Cf.
Shun.] To cause to loathe, or feel disgust
at. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Scun"ner, v. i. To have a feeling of
loathing or disgust; hence, to have dislike, prejudice, or
reluctance. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
C. Kingsley.
Scun"ner, n. A feeling of disgust or
loathing; a strong prejudice; abhorrence; as, to take a
scunner against some one. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]
Carlyle.
Scup (?), n. [D.
schop.] A swing. [Local,
U.S.]
Scup, n. [Contr. fr. American Indian
mishc\'97p, fr. mishe-kuppi large,
thick-scaled.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine sparoid
food fish (Stenotomus chrysops, or S.
argyrops), common on the Atlantic coast of the United
States. It appears bright silvery when swimming in the daytime,
but shows broad blackish transverse bands at night and when dead.
Called also porgee, paugy,
porgy, scuppaug.
Stenotomus Gardeni).
Scup"paug (?), n. [Contr. fr.
Amer. Indian mishcuppauog, pl. of
mishcup.] (Zo\'94l.) See 2d
Scup.
Scup"per (?), n. [OF.
escopir, escupir, to spit, perhaps for
escospir, L. ex + conspuere to spit upon;
pref. con- + spuere to spit. Cf.
Spit, v.] (Naut.) An
opening cut through the waterway and bulwarks of a ship, so that
water falling on deck may flow overboard; -- called also
scupper hole.
<-- p. 1295 -->
Scupper hose (Naut.), a pipe of
leather, canvas, etc., attached to the mouth of the scuppers, on
the outside of a vessel, to prevent the water from entering.
Totten. -- Scupper nail (Naut.),
a nail with a very broad head, for securing the edge of the
hose to the scupper. -- Scupper plug
(Naut.), a plug to stop a scupper.
Totten.
Scup"per*nong (?), n. [Probably
of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) An
American grape, a form of Vitis vulpina, found in the
Southern Atlantic States, and often cultivated.
Scur (?), v. i. [Cf.
Scour to run.] To move hastily; to
scour. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Scurf (?), n. [AS.
scurf, sceorf, or from Scand.; cf. Sw.
skorf, Dan. skurv, Icel.
skurfur, D. schurft, G. schorf;
all akin to AS. scurf, and to AS. sceorfan
to scrape, to gnaw, G. sch\'81rfen to scrape, and
probably also to E. scrape. Cf.
Scurvy.] 1. Thin dry scales or scabs
upon the body; especially, thin scales exfoliated from the
cuticle, particularly of the scalp; dandruff.
2. Hence, the foul remains of anything
adherent.
The scurf is worn away of each committed crime.
Dryden.
3. Anything like flakes or scales adhering to a
surface.
There stood a hill not far, whose grisly top
Belched fire and rolling smoke; the rest entire
Shone with a glossy scurf.
Milton.
4. (Bot.) Minute membranous scales on
the surface of some leaves, as in the goosefoot.
Gray.
Scurff (?), n. The bull
trout. [Prov. Eng.]
Scurf"i*ness, n. 1. Quality or
state of being scurfy.
2. (Bot.) Scurf.
Scurf"y (?), a.
[Compar. Scurfier (?);
superl. Scurfiest.] Having
or producing scurf; covered with scurf; resembling scurf.
Scur"ri*er (?), n. One who
scurries.
Scur"rile (?), a. [L.
scurrilis, fr. scurra a bufoon, jester: cf.
F. scurrile.] Such as befits a buffoon or
vulgar jester; grossly opprobrious or loudly jocose in language;
scurrilous; as, scurrile taunts.
The wretched affectation of scurrile laughter.
Cowley.
A scurrile or obscene jest will better advance you
at the court of Charles than father's ancient name.
Sir W. Scott.
Scur*ril"i*ty (?), n. [L.
scurrilitas: cf. F.scurrilit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being scurrile or
scurrilous; mean, vile, or obscene jocularity.
Your reasons . . . have been sharp and sententious, pleasant
without scurrility.
Shak.
2. That which is scurrile or scurrilous; gross or
obscene language; low buffoonery; vulgar abuse.
Interrupting prayers and sermons with clamor and
scurrility.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Scurrilousness; abuse; insolence; vulgarity;
indecency.
Scur"ril*ous (?), a. [See
Scurrile.] 1. Using the low and
indecent language of the meaner sort of people, or such as only
the license of buffoons can warrant; as, a
scurrilous fellow.
2. Containing low indecency or abuse; mean; foul;
vile; obscenely jocular; as, scurrilous
language.
The absurd and scurrilous sermon which had very
unwisely been honored with impeachment.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Opprobrious; abusive; reproachful; insulting;
insolent; offensive; gross; vile; vulgar; low; foul;
foul-mounthed; indecent; scurrile; mean.
-- Scur"ril*ous*ly, adv. --
Scur"ril*ous*ness, n.
Scur"rit (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) the lesser tern (Sterna
minuta). [Prov. Eng.]
Scur"ry (?), v. i. [Cf.
Scur, Skirr.] To hasten away or
along; to move rapidly; to hurry; as, the rabbit
scurried away.
Scur"ry, n. Act of scurring; hurried
movement.
Scur"vi*ly (?), adv. In a
scurvy manner.
Scur"vi*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being scurvy; vileness; meanness.
Scur"vy (?), a.
[Compar. Scurvier (?);
superl. Scurviest.] [From
Scurf; cf. Scurvy, n.]
1. Covered or affected with scurf or scabs; scabby;
scurfy; specifically, diseased with the scurvy.
\'bdWhatsoever man . . . be scurvy or scabbed.\'b8
lev. xxi. 18, 20.
2. Vile; mean; low; vulgar; contemptible.
\'bdA scurvy trick.\'b8
Ld. Lytton.
That scurvy custom of taking tobacco.
Swift.
[He] spoke spoke such scurvy and provoking
terms.
Shak.
Scur"vy, n. [Probably from the same
source as scirbute, but influenced by
scurf, scurfy, scurvy, adj.; cf.
D. scheurbuik scurvy, G. scharbock, LL.
scorbutus. Cf. Scorbute.]
(Med.) A disease characterized by livid spots,
especially about the thighs and legs, due to extravasation of
blood, and by spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all the
mucous membranes. It is accompanied by paleness, languor,
depression, and general debility. It is occasioned by
confinement, innutritious food, and hard labor, but especially by
lack of fresh vegetable food, or confinement for a long time to a
limited range of food, which is incapable of repairing the waste
of the system. It was formerly prevalent among sailors and
soldiers.<-- caused by lack of vitamin C -->
Scurvy grass [Scurvy +
grass; or cf. Icel. skarfak\'bel scurvy
grass.] (Bot.) A kind of cress
(Cochlearia officinalis) growing along the seacoast of
Northern Europe and in arctic regions. It is a remedy for the
scurvy, and has proved a valuable food to arctic explorers. The
name is given also to other allied species of plants.
Scut (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
skott a fox's tail.
[Obs.] The tail of a hare, or of a deer, or
other animal whose tail is short, sp. when carried erect; hence,
sometimes, the animal itself. \'bdHe ran like a
scut.\'b8
Skelton.
How the Indian hare came to have a long tail, wheras that part
in others attains no higher than a scut.
Sir T. Browne.
My doe with the black scut.
Shak.
\'d8Scu"ta (?), n. pl. See
Scutum.
Scu"tage (?; 48), n. [LL.
scutagium, from L. scutum a shield.]
(Eng. Hist.) Shield money; commutation of service
for a sum of money. See Escuage.
Scu"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a shield.
A good example of these scutal monstrosities.
Cussans.
Scu"tate (?), a. [L.
scutatus armed with a shield, from scutum a
shield.] 1. Buckler-shaped; round or nearly
round.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Protected or covered by
bony or horny plates, or large scales.
Scutch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Scutched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Scutching.] [See Scotch to cut
slightly.] 1. To beat or whip; to drub.
[Old or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
2. To separate the woody fiber from (flax, hemp,
etc.) by beating; to swingle.
3. To loosen and dress the fiber of (cotton or
silk) by beating; to free (fibrous substances) from dust by
beating and blowing.
Scutching machine, a machine used to scutch
cotton, silk, or flax; -- called also batting
machine.
Scutch, n. 1. A wooden
instrument used in scutching flax and hemp.
2. The woody fiber of flax; the refuse of scutched
flax. \'bdThe smoke of the burning scutch.\'b8
Cuthbert Bede.
Scutch"eon (?), n. [Aphetic
form of escutcheon.] 1. An
escutcheon; an emblazoned shield.
Bacon.
The corpse lay in state, with all the pomp of
scutcheons, wax lights, black hangings, and mutes.
Macaulay.
2. A small plate of metal, as the shield around a
keyhole. See Escutcheon, 4.
Scutch"eoned (?), a. Emblazoned
on or as a shield.
Scutcheoned panes in cloisters old.
Lowell.
Scutch"er (?), n. 1.
One who scutches.
2. An implement or machine for scutching hemp,
flax, or cotton; etc.; a scutch; a scutching machine.
Scutch" grass` (?). (Bot.) A
kind of pasture grass (Cynodon Dactylon). See
Bermuda grass: also Illustration in
Appendix.
Scute (?), n. [L.
scutum a shield, a buckler. See Scudo.]
1. A small shield. [Obs.]
Skelton.
2. An old French gold coin of the value of 3s. 4d.
sterling, or about 80 cents.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A bony scale of a reptile
or fish; a large horny scale on the leg of a bird, or on the
belly of a snake.
\'d8Scu*tel"la (?), n. pl. See
Scutellum.
\'d8Scu*tel"la, n.; pl.
Scutelle (#). [NL., fem. dim. of
L. scutum.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Scutellum, n., 2.
{ Scu"tel*late (?),
Scu"tel*la`ted (?) }, a.
[L. scutella a dish, salver. Cf. Scuttle
a basket.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Formed
like a plate or salver; composed of platelike surfaces; as,
the scutellated bone of a sturgeon.
Woodward.
2. [See Scutellum.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the tarsi covered with broad
transverse scales, or scutella; -- said of certain birds.
Scu`tel*la"tion (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) the entire covering, or mode of
arrangement, of scales, as on the legs and feet of a bird.
Scu*tel"li*form (?), a. [L.
scutella a dish + -form.] 1.
Scutellate.
2. (Bot.) Having the form of a
scutellum.
Scu*tel`li*plan"tar (?), a. [L.
scutellus a shield + planta foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having broad scutella on the front,
and small scales on the posterior side, of the tarsus; -- said of
certain birds.
\'d8Scu*tel"lum (?), n.; pl.
Scutella (#). [NL., neut. dim. of
L. scutum a shield.] 1.
(Bot.) A rounded apothecium having an elevated
rim formed of the proper thallus, the fructification of certain
lichens.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The third of
the four pieces forming the upper part of a thoracic segment of
an insect. It follows the scutum, and is followed by the small
postscutellum; a scutella. See Thorax.
(b) One of the transverse scales on the tarsi and
toes of birds; a scutella.
Scu"ti*branch (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Scutibranchiate. --
n. One of the Scutibranchiata.
\'d8Scu`ti*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Scutibranchiata.
Scu`ti*bran"chi*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Scutibranchiata.
\'d8Scu`ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Scutum, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of gastropod Mollusca having
a heart with two auricles and one ventricle. The shell may be
either spiral or shieldlike.
Scu`ti*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the gills protected by a
shieldlike shell; of or pertaining to the Scutibranchiata.
-- n. One of the
Scutibranchiata.
Scu*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
scutum shield + -ferous.]
Carrying a shield or buckler.
Scu"ti*form (?), a. [L.
scutum shield + -form: cf. F.
scutiforme.] Shield-shaped; scutate.
\'d8Scu"ti*ger (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. scutum shield + gerere to
bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of chilopod
myriapods of the genus Scutigera. They sometimes enter
buildings and prey upon insects.
Scu"ti*ped (?), a. [L.
scutum a shield + pes, pedis, a
foot: cf. F. scutip\'8ade.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the anterior surface of the
tarsus covered with scutella, or transverse scales, in the form
of incomplete bands terminating at a groove on each side; -- said
of certain birds.
Scut"tle (?), n. [AS.
scutel a dish, platter; cf. Icel. skutill;
both fr. L. scutella, dim. of scutra,
scuta, a dish or platter; cf. scutum a
shield. Cf. Skillet.] 1. A broad,
shallow basket.
2. A wide-mouthed vessel for holding coal: a coal
hod.
Scut"tle, v. i. [For scuddle,
fr. scud.] To run with affected
precipitation; to hurry; to bustle; to scuddle.
With the first dawn of day, old Janet was scuttling
about the house to wake the baron.
Sir W. Scott.
Scut"tle, n. A quick pace; a short
run.
Spectator.
Scut"tle (?), n. [OF.
escoutille, F. \'82scoutille, cf. Sp.
escotilla; probably akin to Sp. escoter to
cut a thing so as to make it fit, to hollow a garment about the
neck, perhaps originally, to cut a bosom-shaped piece out, and of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. schoot lap, bosom, G.
schoss, Goth. skauts the hem of a garnment.
Cf. Sheet an expanse.] 1. A small
opening in an outside wall or covering, furnished with a
lid. Specifically: (a) (Naut.) A
small opening or hatchway in the deck of a ship, large enough to
admit a man, and with a lid for covering it, also, a like hole in
the side or bottom of a ship. (b) An opening
in the roof of a house, with a lid.
2. The lid or door which covers or closes an
opening in a roof, wall, or the like.
Scuttle butt, Scuttle
cask (Naut.), a butt or cask with a
large hole in it, used to contain the fresh water for daily use
in a ship.<-- se scuttlebutt -->
Totten.
Scut"tle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Scuttled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Scuttling.] 1. To cut
a hole or holes through the bottom, deck, or sides of (as of a
ship), for any purpose.
2. To sink by making holes through the bottom of;
as, to scuttle a ship.
<-- Scuttlebutt. 1. scuttle butt. 2. A drinking fountain on
boards a ship or at a naval station. 3. The latest gossip;
rumors. -->
\'d8Scu"tum (?), n.; pl.
Scuta (#). [L.] 1.
(Rom. Antiq.) An oblong shield made of boards or
wickerwork covered with leather, with sometimes an iron rim; --
carried chiefly by the heavy-armed infantry.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A penthouse or
awning. [Obs.]
Burrill.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The second
and largest of the four parts forming the upper surface of a
thoracic segment of an insect. It is preceded by the prescutum
and followed by the scutellum. See the Illust. under
Thorax. (b) One of the two lower
valves of the operculum of a barnacle.
\'d8Scyb"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.) Hardened masses
of feces.
Scye (?), n. Arm scye, a
cutter's term for the armhole or part of the armhole of the waist
of a garnment. [Cant]
Scyle (?), v. t. [AS.
scylan to withdraw or remowe.] To hide; to
secrete; to conceal. [Obs.]
Scyl"la (?), n. A dangerous
rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirpool Charybdis on the
coast of Sicily, -- both personified in classical literature as
ravenous monsters. The passage between them was formerly
considered perilous; hence, the saying \'bdBetween Scylla and
Charybdis,\'b8 signifying a great peril on either hand.
\'d8Scyl*l\'91"a (?), n. [NL.
See Scylla.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
oceanic nudibranchiate mollusks having the small branched gills
situated on the upper side of four fleshy lateral lobes, and on
the median caudal crest.
Scyl*la"ri*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of a family
(Scyllarid\'91) of macruran Crustacea, remarkable for
the depressed form of the body, and the broad, flat antenn\'91.
Also used adjectively.
Scyl"lite (?), n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance of a sweetish taste,
resembling inosite and metameric with dextrose. It is extracted
from the kidney of the dogfish (of the genus Scylium),
the shark, and the skate.
Scym"e*tar (?), n. See
Scimiter.
\'d8Scy"pha (?), n.; pl.
Scyphae (#). [NL.]
(Bot.) See Scyphus, 2
(b).
Scy"phi*form (?), a. [L.
scyphus a cup + -form.]
(Bot.) Cup-shaped.
\'d8Scy*phis"to*ma (?), n.; pl.
Scyphistomata (#), Scyphistom\'91
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The young attached larva
of Discophora in the stage when it resembles a hydroid, or
actinian.
\'d8Scy`pho*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including the
blennioid and gobioid fishes, and other related families.
\'d8Scy`pho*me*du"se (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. medusa.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Acraspeda, or
Discophora.
\'d8Scy*phoph"o*ri (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water fishes
inhabiting tropical Africa. They have rudimentary electrical
organs on each side of the tail.
Scy"phus (?), n.; pl.
Scyphi (#). [L., a cup, Gr.
1. (Antiq.) A kind of large
drinking cup, -- used by Greeks and Romans, esp. by poor
folk.
2. (Bot.) (a) The cup of a
narcissus, or a similar appendage to the corolla in other
flowers. (b) A cup-shaped stem or podetium in
lichens. Also called scypha. See
Illust. of Cladonia pyxidata, under
Lichen.
Scythe (s, n. [OE.
sithe, AS. s\'c6\'ebe, sig\'ebe; akin to
Icel. sig\'ebr a sickle, LG. segd,
seged, seed, seid, OHG.
segansa sickle, scythe, G. sense scythe,
and to E. saw a cutting instrument. See
Saw.] [Written also sithe and
sythe.] 1. An instrument for
mowing grass, grain, or the like, by hand, composed of a long,
curving blade, with a sharp edge, made fast to a long handle,
called a snath, which is bent into a form convenient
for use.
The sharp-edged scythe shears up the spiring
grass.
Dryden.
The scythe of Time mows down.
Milton.
2. (Antiq.) A scythe-shaped blade
attached to ancient war chariots.
<-- p. 1296 -->
Scythe (?), v. t. To cut with a
scythe; to cut off as with a scythe; to mow.
[Obs.]
Time had not scythed all that youth begun.
Shak.
Scythed (?), a. Armed scythes,
as a chariot.
Chariots scythed,
On thundering axles rolled.
Glover.
Scythe"man (?), n.; pl.
Scythemen (. One who uses a
scythe; a mower.
Macaulay.
Scythe"stone` (?), n. A stone
for sharpening scythes; a whetstone.
Scythe"whet` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Wilson's thrush; -- so called from its
note. [Local, U.S.]
Scyth"i*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Scythia (a name given to the northern part of Asia,
and Europe adjoining to Asia), or its language or
inhabitants.
Scythian lamb. (Bot.) See
Barometz.
Scyth"i*an, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Scythia; specifically (Ethnol.), one of
a Slavonic race which in early times occupied Eastern
Europe.
2. The language of the Scythians.
\'d8Scy`to*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Holothurioidea.
Sdan (?), v. & n.
Disdain. [Obs.]
Spenser.
'Sdeath (?), interj. [Corrupted
fr. God's death.] An exclamation expressive
of impatience or anger.
Shak.
Sdeign (?), v. t. To
disdain. [Obs.]
But either sdeigns with other to partake.
Spenser.
Sea (?), n. [OE.
see, AS. s; akin to D.
zee, OS. & OHG. s, G.
see, OFries. se, Dan. s\'94, Sw.
sj\'94, Icel. s\'91r, Goth.
saiws, and perhaps to L. saevus firce,
savage. 1. One of the larger
bodies of salt water, less than an ocean, found on the earth's
surface; a body of salt water of second rank, generally forming
part of, or connecting with, an ocean or a larger sea; as,
the Mediterranean Sea; the Sea of Marmora; the
North Sea; the Carribean Sea.
2. An inland body of water, esp. if large or if
salt or brackish; as, the Caspian Sea; the
Sea of Aral; sometimes, a small fresh-water lake;
as, the Sea of Galilee.
3. The ocean; the whole body of the salt water
which covers a large part of the globe.
I marvel how the fishes live in the sea.
Shak.
Ambiguous between sea and land
The river horse and scaly crocodile.
Milton.
4. The swell of the ocean or other body of water in
a high wind; motion of the water's surface; also, a single wave;
a billow; as, there was a high sea after the storm;
the vessel shipped a sea.
5. (Jewish Antiq.) A great brazen laver
in the temple at Jerusalem; -- so called from its size.
He made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to
brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height thereof.
2 Chron. iv. 2.
6. Fig.: Anything resembling the sea in vastness;
as, a sea of glory.
Shak.
All the space . . . was one sea of heads.
Macaulay.
Sea is often used in the composition of
words of obvious signification; as, sea-bathed,
sea-beaten, sea-bound, sea-bred,
sea-circled, sealike,
sea-nursed, sea-tossed,
sea-walled, sea-worn, and the like. It is
also used either adjectively or in combination with substantives;
as, sea bird, sea-bird, or
seabird, sea acorn, or
sea-acorn.
At sea, upon the ocean; away from land;
figuratively, without landmarks for guidance; lost; at the mercy
of circumstances. \'bdTo say the old man was at sea
would be too feeble an expression.\'b8 G. W. Cable --
At full sea at the height of flood tide; hence, at the
height. \'bdBut now God's mercy was at full
sea.\'b8 Jer. Taylor. -- Beyond
seas, Beyond the sea the
seas (Law), out of the state,
territory, realm, or country. Wharton. -- Half
seas over, half drunk. [Colloq.]
Spectator. -- Heavy sea, a sea in which
the waves run high. -- Long sea, a sea
characterized by the uniform and steady motion of long and
extensive waves. -- Short sea, a sea in which
the waves are short, broken, and irregular, so as to produce a
tumbling or jerking motion. -- To go to sea,
a adopt the calling or occupation of a sailor.
Sea" a"corn (?). (Zo\'94l.) An
acorn barnacle (Balanus).
Sea" ad"der (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The European fifteen-spined stickleback
(Gasterosteus spinachia); -- called also
bismore. (b) The European
tanglefish, or pipefish (Syngnathus acus).
Sea" an"chor (?). (Naut.) See
Drag sail, under 4th Drag.
Sea" a*men"o*ne (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of soft-bodied Anthozoa,
belonging to the order Actrinaria; an actinian.
Sea" ape` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The thrasher shark. (b) The
sea otter.
Sea" ap"ple (?). (Bot.) The
fruit of a West Indian palm (Manicaria Plukenetii),
often found floating in the sea.
A. Grisebach.
Sea" ar"row (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
squid of the genus Ommastrephes. See
Squid.
Sea" bank` (?). 1. The
seashore.
Shak.
2. A bank or mole to defend against the sea.
Sea"-bar` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A tern.
Sea" bar"row (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
sea purse.
Sea" bass`. ((Zo\'94l.)
(a) A large marine food fish (Serranus, ) which abounds on the Atlantic
coast of the United States. It is dark bluish, with black bands,
and more or less varied with small white spots and blotches.
Called also, locally, blue bass,
black sea bass, blackfish,
bluefish, and black perch.
(b) A California food fish (Cynoscion
nobile); -- called also white sea bass,
and sea salmon.
Sea" bat` (?). (Zo\'94l.) See
Batfish (a).
Sea"beach` (?), n. A beach
lying along the sea. \'bdThe bleak seabeach.\'b8
Longfellow.
Sea" bean (?). (Bot.) Same as
Florida bean.
Sea" bear` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any fur seal. See under Fur.
(b) The white bear.
Sea"beard` (?), n. (Bot.)
A green seaweed (Cladophora rupestris) growing in
dense tufts.
Sea" beast` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
large marine mammal, as a seal, walrus, or cetacean.
Sea" bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
swimming bird frequenting the sea; a sea fowl.
Sea" blite` (?). (Bot.) A plant
(Su\'91da maritima) of the Goosefoot family, growing
in salt marches.
Sea"-blub"ber (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A jellyfish.
Sea"board` (?), n.
[Sea + board, F. bord
side.] The seashore; seacoast.
Ld. Berners.
Sea"board`, a. Bordering upon, or being
near, the sea; seaside; seacoast; as, a seaboard
town.
Sea"board`, adv. Toward the sea.
[R.]
Sea"boat` (?). [AS.
s.] 1. A boat or
vessel adapted to the open sea; hence, a vessel considered with
reference to her power of resisting a storm, or maintaining
herself in a heavy sea; as, a good sea
boat.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A chitin.
Sea"bord` (?), n. & a. See
Seaboard.
Sea"-bor"der*ing (?), a.
Bordering on the sea; situated beside the sea.
Drayton.
Sea"-born` (?), a. 1.
Born of the sea; produced by the sea. \'bdNeptune and
his sea-born niece.\'b8
Waller.
2. Born at sea.
Sea"bound` (?), a. Bounded by
the sea.
Sea" bow` (?). See Marine
rainbow, under Rainbow.
Sea" boy` (?). A boy employed on
shipboard.
Sea" breach` (?). A breaking or overflow
of a bank or a dike by the sea.
L'Estrange.
Sea" bream` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of several species of sparoid fishes, especially the common
European species (Pagellus centrodontus), the Spanish
(P. Oweni), and the black sea bream (Cantharus
lineatus); -- called also old
wife.
Sea" brief` (?). Same as Sea
letter.
Sea" bug` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
chiton.
Sea"-built` (?), a. Built at,
in, or by the sea.
Sea" but"ter*fly` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A pteropod.
Sea" cab"bage (?; 48). (Bot.)
See Sea kale, under Kale.
Sea" calf` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
common seal.
Sea" ca*na"ry (?). [So called from a
whistling sound which it makes.] (Zo\'94l.)
The beluga, or white whale.
Sea" cap"tain (?). The captain of a vessel
that sails upon the sea.
Sea" card` (?). Mariner's card, or
compass.
{ Sea" cat`fish (?). Sea" cat`
(?). } (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
wolf fish. (b) Any marine siluroid fish, as
\'92lurichthys marinus, and Arinus felis,
of the eastern coast of the United States. Many species are found
on the coasts of Central and South America.
Sea" chart` (?). A chart or map on which
the lines of the shore, islands, shoals, harbors, etc., are
delineated.
Sea" chick"weed` (?). (Bot.) A
fleshy plant (Arenaria peploides) growing in large
tufts in the sands of the northern Atlantic seacoast; -- called
also sea sandwort, and sea
purslane.
Sea" clam` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of the large bivalve mollusks found on the open seacoast,
especially those of the family Mactrid\'91, as the
common American species. (Mactra, ); -- called also beach clam,
and surf clam.
Sea" coal` (?). Coal brought by sea; -- a
name by which mineral coal was formerly designated in the south
of England, in distinction from charcoal, which was
brought by land.
Sea-coal facing (Founding), facing
consisting of pulverized bituminous coal.
Sea"coast` (?), n. The shore or
border of the land adjacent to the sea or ocean. Also used
adjectively.
Sea" cob` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
black-backed gull.
Sea" cock` (?). 1. In a
steamship, a cock or valve close to the vessel's side, for
closing a pipe which communicates with the sea.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
black-bellied plover. (b) A gurnard, as the
European red gurnard (Trigla pini).
Sea" co"coa (?). (Bot.) A
magnificent palm (Lodoicea Sechellarum) found only in
the Seychelles Islands. The fruit is an immense two-lobed nut. It
was found floating in the Indian Ocean before the tree was known,
and called sea cocoanut, and double
cocoanut.
Sea" col"an*der (?). (Bot.) A
large blackfish seaweed (Agarum Turneri), the frond of
which is punctured with many little holes.
Sea" cole"wort` (?). (Bot.) Sea
cabbage.
Sea" com"pass (?). The mariner's compass.
See under Compass.
Sea" coot` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
scoter duck.
Sea" corn` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
yellow cylindrical mass of egg capsule of certain species of
whelks (Buccinum), which resembles an ear of
maize.
Sea" cow` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The mantee. (b) The
dugong. (c) The walrus.
{ Sea" craw"fish` (?). Sea"
cray"fish` (?). } (Zo\'94l.)
Any crustacean of the genus Palinurus and allied
genera, as the European spiny lobster (P. vulgaris),
which is much used as an article of food. See
Lobster.
Sea" crow` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The chough. [Ireland]
(b) The cormorant. (c) The
blackheaded pewit, and other gulls. (d) The
skua. (e) The razorbill. [Orkney
Islands] (f) The coot.
Sea" cu"cum*ber (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any large holothurian, especially one of those belonging to
the genus Pentacta, or Cucumaria, as the
common American and European species. (P.
frondosa).
Sea" dace` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
European sea perch.
Sea" daf"fo*dil (?). (Bot.) A
European amarylidaceous plant (Pancratium
maritimum).
Sea" dev`il (?) (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any very large ray, especially any species of
the genus Manta or Cepholoptera, some of
which become more than twenty feet across and weigh several tons.
See also Ox ray, under Ox.
(b) Any large cephalopod, as a large Octopus, or a
giant squid (Architeuthis). See
Devilfish. (c) The angler.
Sea" dog` (?). 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The dogfish. (b)
The common seal.
2. An old sailor; a salt.
[Colloq.]
Sea" dot"ter*el (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The turnstone.
Sea" dove` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
little auk, or rotche. See Illust. of
Rotche.
Sea" drag"on (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A dragonet, or sculpin. (b)
The pegasus.
Sea" drake` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
pewit gull.
Sea" duck` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of numerous species of ducks which frequent the seacoasts and
feed mainly on fishes and mollusks. The scoters, eiders, old
squaw, and ruddy duck are examples. They may be distinguished by
the lobate hind toe.
Sea" ea"gle (?). 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of
fish-eating eagles of the genus Hali\'91etus and
allied genera, as the North Pacific sea eagle. (H.
pelagicus), which has white shoulders, head, rump, and
tail; the European white-tailed eagle (H. albicilla);
and the Indian white-tailed sea eagle, or fishing eagle
(Polioa\'89tus ichthya\'89tus). The bald eagle and the
osprey are also sometimes classed as sea eagles.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The eagle ray. See under
Ray.
Sea"-ear` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of ear-shaped shells of
the genus Haliotis. See Abalone.
Sea" eel` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
conger eel.
Sea" egg` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A sea
urchin.
Sea" el"e*phant (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A very large seal (Macrorhinus proboscideus) of
the Antarctic seas, much hunted for its oil. It sometimes attains
a length of thirty feet, and is remarkable for the prolongation
of the nose of the adult male into an erectile elastic proboscis,
about a foot in length. Another species of smaller size (M.
angustirostris) occurs on the coast of Lower California,
but is now nearly extinct.
<-- p. 1297 -->
Sea" fan" (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
gorgonian which branches in a fanlike form, especially
Gorgonia flabellum of Florida and the West
Indies.
Sea"far`er (?), n. [Sea +
fare.] One who follows the sea as a
business; a mariner; a sailor.
Sea"far`ing, a. Following the business
of a mariner; as, a seafaring man.
Sea" feath"er (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any gorgonian which branches in a plumelike form.
Sea" fen"nel (?). (Bot.)
Samphire.
Sea" fern" (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
gorgonian which branches like a fern.
Sea" fight` (?). An engagement between
ships at sea; a naval battle.
Sea" fir` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
sertularian hydroid, especially Sertularia abietina,
which branches like a miniature fir tree.
Sea" flew"er (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
sea anemone, or any related anthozoan.
Sea" foam` (?). 1. Foam of sea
water.
2. (Min.) Meerschaum; -- called also
sea froth.
Sea" fowl` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
bird which habitually frequents the sea, as an auk, gannet, gull,
tern, or petrel; also, all such birds, collectively.
Sea" fox` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
thrasher shark. See Thrasher.
Sea" froth` (?; 115). See Sea
foam, 2.
{ Sea"-gate`, Sea"-gait` },
n. A long, rolling swell of the sea.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Sea" gauge` (?). See under Gauge,
n.
{ Sea" gher`kin (?), Sea"
gir"kin (?) }. (Zo\'94l.) Any
small holothurian resembling in form a gherkin.
Sea" gin"ger (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
hydroid coral of the genus Millepora, especially M.
alcicornis, of the West Indies and Florida. So called
because it stings the tongue like ginger. See Illust.
under Millepore.
Sea" gir"dles (?). (Bot.) A
kind of kelp (Laminaria digitata) with palmately cleft
fronds; -- called also sea wand,
seaware, and tangle.
Sea"girt` (?), a. Surrounded by
the water of the sea or ocean; as, a seagirt
isle.
Milton.
Sea" god` (?). A marine deity; a fabulous
being supposed to live in, or have dominion over, the sea, or
some particular sea or part of the sea, as Neptune.
Sea" god"dess (?). A goddess supposed to
live in or reign over the sea, or some part of the sea.
Sea"go`ing (?), a. Going upon
the sea; especially, sailing upon the deep sea; -- used in
distinction from coasting or river, as
applied to vessels.
Sea" goose` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
phalarope.
Sea" gown` (?). A gown or frock with short
sleeves, formerly worn by mariners.
Shak.
Sea" grape` (?). 1. (Bot.)
(a) The gulf weed. See under Gulf.
(b) A shrubby plant (Coccoloba uvifera)
growing on the sandy shores of tropical America, somewhat
resembling the grapevine.
2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The
clusters of gelatinous egg capsules of a squid
(Loligo).
Sea" grass` (?). (Bot.)
Eelgrass.
Sea" green` (?). The green color of sea
water.
Sea"-green`, a. Of a beautiful bluish
green color, like sea water on soundings.
Sea" gud"geon (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The European black goby (Gobius niger).
Sea" gull` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
gull living on the seacoast.
\'d8Se"ah (?), n. A Jewish dry
measure containing one third of an an ephah.
Sea" hare` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
tectibranchiate mollusk of the genus Aplysia. See
Aplysia.
Sea" hawk` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
jager gull.
Sea" heath` (?). (Bot.) A low
perennial plant (Frankenia l\'91vis) resembling heath,
growing along the seashore in Europe.
Sea" hedge"hog` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A sea urchin.
Sea" hen` (?). (Zo\'94l.) the
common guillemot; -- applied also to various other sea
birds.
Sea" hog` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
porpoise.
Sea" hol"ly (?). (Bot.) An
evergeen seashore plant (Eryngium maritimum). See
Eryngium.
Sea" holm` (?). A small uninhabited
island.
Sea" holm`. (Bot.) Sea holly.
Sea" horse` (?). 1. A fabulous
creature, half horse and half fish, represented in classic
mythology as driven by sea dogs or ridden by the Nereids. It is
also depicted in heraldry. See Hippocampus.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
walrus. (b) Any fish of the genus
Hippocampus.
Sea" hul"ver (?). (Bot.) Sea
holly.
Sea"-is`land (?), a. Of or
pertaining to certain islands along the coast of South Carolina
and Georgia; as, sea-island cotton, a superior
cotton of long fiber produced on those islands.
Sea" jel"ly (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
medusa, or jellyfish.
Seak (?), n. Soap prepared for
use in milling cloth.
Sea" kale" (?). (Bot.) See
under Kale.
Sea" king` (?). One of the leaders among
the Norsemen who passed their lives in roving the seas in search
of plunder and adventures; a Norse pirate chief. See the Note
under Viking.
Seal (?), n. [OE.
sele, AS. seolh; akin to OHG.
selah, Dan. s\'91l, Sw. sj\'84l,
Icel. selr.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
aquatic carnivorous mammal of the families Phocid\'91
and Otariid\'91.
sea lion,
sea leopard, sea bear, or
ursine seal, fur seal, and
sea elephant. The bearded seal (Erignathus
barbatus), the hooded seal (Cystophora
crustata), and the ringed seal (Phoca
f\'d2tida), are northern species. See also Eared
seal, Harp seal, and Fur seal,
under Eared, Harp, Monk, and
Fur. Seals are much hunted for their skins and fur, and
also for their oil, which in some species is very
abundant.
Harbor seal (Zo\'94l.), the common
seal (Phoca vitulina). It inhabits both the North
Atlantic and the North Pacific Ocean, and often ascends rivers;
-- called also marbled seal, native
seal, river seal, bay
seal, land seal, sea
calf, sea cat, sea
dog, dotard,
ranger, selchie,
tangfish.
Seal, n. [OE. seel, OF.
seel, F. sceau, fr. L. sigillum
a little figure or image, a seal, dim. of signum a
mark, sign, figure, or image. See Sign, n.,
and cf. Sigil.] 1. An engraved or
inscribed stamp, used for marking an impression in wax or other
soft substance, to be attached to a document, or otherwise used
by way of authentication or security.
2. Wax, wafer, or other tenacious substance, set to
an instrument, and impressed or stamped with a seal; as, to
give a deed under hand and seal.
Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond
Thou but offend;st thy lungs to speak so loud.
Shak.
3. That which seals or fastens; esp., the wax or
wafer placed on a letter or other closed paper, etc., to fasten
it.
4. That which confirms, ratifies, or makes stable;
that which authenticates; that which secures; assurance.
\'bdunder the seal of silence.\'bd
Milton.
Like a red seal is the setting sun
On the good and the evil men have done.
Lonfellow.
5. An arrangement for preventing the entrance or
return of gas or air into a pipe, by which the open end of the
pipe dips beneath the surface of water or other liquid, or a deep
bend or sag in the pipe is filled with the liquid; a
draintrap.
Great seal. See under Great. --
Privy seal. See under Privy,
a. -- Seal lock, a lock in which
the keyhole is covered by a seal in such a way that the lock can
not be opened without rupturing the seal. Seal
manual. See under Manual, a.
-- Seal ring, a ring having a seal engraved on it,
or ornamented with a device resembling a seal; a signet
ring.
Shak.
Seal, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Skaling.] [OE. selen; cf.
OF. seeler, seieler, F. sceller,
LL. sigillare. See Seal a stamp.]
1. To set or affix a seal to; hence, to
authenticate; to confirm; to ratify; to establish; as, to
seal a deed.
And with my hand I seal my true heart's love.
Shak.
2. To mark with a stamp, as an evidence of standard
exactness, legal size, or merchantable quality; as, to
seal weights and measures; to seal
silverware.
3. To fasten with a seal; to attach together with a
wafer, wax, or other substance causing adhesion; as, to
seal a letter.
4. Hence, to shut close; to keep close; to make
fast; to keep secure or secret.
Seal up your lips, and give no words but
\'bdmum\'b8.
Shak.
5. To fix, as a piece of iron in a wall, with
cement, plaster, or the like.
Gwilt.
6. To close by means of a seal; as, to
seal a drainpipe with water. See 2d Seal,
5.
7. Among the Mormons, to confirm or set apart as a
second or additional wife. [Utah, U.S.]
If a man once married desires a second helpmate . . . she is
sealed to him under the solemn sanction of the
church.
H. Stansbury.
Seal, v. i. To affix one's seal, or a
seal. [Obs.]
I will seal unto this bond.
Shak.
Sea" la"ces (?). (Bot.) A kind
of seaweed (Chorda Filum) having blackish cordlike
fronds, often many feet long.
Sea" lam"prey (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The common lamprey.
Sea" lan"guage (?). The peculiar language
or phraseology of seamen; sailor's cant.
Sea" lark` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The rock pipit (Anthus
obscurus). (b) Any one of several small
sandpipers and plovers, as the ringed plover, the turnstone, the
dunlin, and the sanderling.
Sea" lav"en*der (?). (Bot.) See
Marsh rosemary, under Marsh.
Sea" law"yer (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The gray snapper. See under Snapper.
Seal"-brown` (?), a. Of a rich
dark brown color, like the fur of the fur seal after it is
dyed.
Sea" legs` (?). Legs able to maintain
their possessor upright in stormy weather at sea, that is,
ability stand or walk steadily on deck when a vessel is rolling
or pitching in a rough sea. [Sailor's Cant]
Totten.
Sea" lem"on (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of several species of nudibranchiate mollusks of the genus
Doris and allied genera, having a smooth, thick, convex yellow
body.
Sea" leop"ard (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of several species of spotted seals, especially
Ogmorhinus leptonyx, and Leptonychotes
Weddelli, of the Antarctic Ocean. The North Pacific sea
leopard is the harbor seal.
Seal"er (?), n. One who seals;
especially, an officer whose duty it is to seal writs or
instruments, to stamp weights and measures, or the like.
Sealer, n. A mariner or a vessel engaged
in the business of capturing seals.
Sea" let"ter (?). (Mar. Law.)
The customary certificate of national character which
neutral merchant vessels are bound to carry in time of war; a
passport for a vessel and cargo.
Sea" let"tuce (?). (Bot.) The
green papery fronds of several seaweeds of the genus
Ulva, sometimes used as food.
Sea" lev"el (?). The level of the surface
of the sea; any surface on the same level with the sea.
{ Sealgh (?), Selch,
n. }. (Zo\'94l.) A seal.
[Scotch]
Sea" lil"y (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
crinoid.
Seal"ing wax` (?). A compound of the
resinous materials, pigments, etc., used as a material for seals,
as for letters, documents, etc.
Sea" li"on (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of several large species of seals of the family
Otariid\'91 native of the Pacific Ocean, especially
the southern sea lion (Otaria jubata) of the South
American coast; the northern sea lion (Eumetopias
Stelleri) found from California to Japan; and the black, or
California, sea lion (Zalophus Californianus), which
is common on the rocks near San Francisco.
Sea" loach" (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
three-bearded rockling. See Rockling.
Sea" louse` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of numerous species of isopod crustaceans of
Cymothoa, Livoneca, and allied genera,
mostly parasites on fishes.
Seam (?), n. [See
Saim.] Grease; tallow; lard.
[Obs. or prov. Eng.]
Shak. Dryden.
Seam, n. [OE. seem,
seam, AS. se\'a0m; akin to D.
zoom, OHG. soum, G. saum, LG.
soom, Icel. saumr, Sw. & Dan.
s\'94m, and E. sew. Sew to fasten with thread.] 1. The
fold or line formed by sewing together two pieces of cloth or
leather.
2. Hence, a line of junction; a joint; a suture, as
on a ship, a floor, or other structure; the line of union, or
joint, of two boards, planks, metal plates, etc.
Precepts should be so finely wrought together . . . that no
coarse seam may discover where they join.
Addison.
3. (geol. & Mining) A thin layer or
stratum; a narrow vein between two thicker strata; as, a
seam of coal.
4. A line or depression left by a cut or wound; a
scar; a cicatrix.
Seam blast, a blast by putting the powder into
seams or cracks of rocks. -- Seam lace, a
lace used by carriage makers to cover seams and edges; -- called
also seaming lace. -- Seam
presser. (Agric.) (a) A heavy
roller to press down newly plowed furrows. (b)
A tailor's sadiron for pressing seams. Knight.
-- Seam set, a set for flattering the seams of
metal sheets, leather work, etc.
Seam, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Seamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Seaming.] 1. To form a seam
upon or of; to join by sewing together; to unite.
2. To mark with something resembling a seam; to
line; to scar.
Seamed o'
Pope.
3. To make the appearance of a seam in, as in
knitting a stocking; hence, to knit with a certain stitch, like
that in such knitting.
Seam, v. i. To become ridgy; to crack
open.
Later their lips began to parch and seam.
L. Wallace.
Seam, n. [AS. se\'a0m, LL.
sauma, L. sagma a packsaddle, fr. Gr. Sumpter.] A denomination of weight or
measure. Specifically: (a) The quantity of
eight bushels of grain. \'bdA seam of oats.\'b8
P. Plowman. (b) The quantity of 120 pounds
of glass. [Eng.]
Sea"-maid` (?), n. 1.
The mermaid.
2. A sea nymph.
Sea"-mail` (?), n.
[Sea + (perhaps) Mall Mally, for
Mary; hence, Prov. E. mally a hare.]
(Zo\'94l.) A gull; the mew.
Sea"man (?), n.; pl.
Seamen (. A merman; the male
of the mermaid. [R.] \'bdNot to mention
mermaids or seamen.\'b8
Locke.
Sea"man (?), n.; pl.
Seamen (#). [AS.
s\'91man.] One whose occupation is to
assist in the management of ships at sea; a mariner; a sailor; --
applied both to officers and common mariners, but especially to
the latter. Opposed to landman, or
landsman.
Able seaman, a sailor who is practically
conversant with all the duties of common seamanship. --
ordinary seaman. See Ordinary.
Sea"man*like` (?), a. Having or
showing the skill of a practical seaman.
Sea"man*ship, n. The skill of a good
seaman; the art, or skill in the art, of working a ship.
Sea" man"tis (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
squilla.
<-- p. 1298 -->
Sea" marge` (?). Land which borders on the
sea; the seashore.
Shak.
You are near the sea marge of a land teeming with
life.
J. Burroughs.
Sea"mark` (?), n. Any elevated
object on land which serves as a guide to mariners; a beacon; a
landmark visible from the sea, as a hill, a tree, a steeple, or
the like.
Shak.
Sea" mat` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
bryozoan of the genus Flustra or allied genera which
form frondlike corals.
Sea" maw` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
sea mew.
Seamed (?), a. (Falconry)
Out of condition; not in good condition; -- said of a
hawk.
Sea"-mell` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The sea mew.
Sea" mew` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
gull; the mew.
Sea" mile` (?). A geographical mile. See
Mile.
Sea" milk"wort` (?). (Bot.) A
low, fleshy perennial herb (Glaux maritima) found
along northern seashores.
Seam"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or process of forming a seam or joint.
2. (Fishing) The cord or rope at the
margin of a seine, to which the meshes of the net are
attached.
Seaming machine, a machine for uniting the
edges of sheet-metal plates by bending them and pinching them
together.
Seam"less, a. Without a seam.
Christ's seamless coat, all of a piece.
Jer. Taylor.
Sea" monk` (?). (Zo\'94l.) See
Monk seal, under Monk.
Sea" mon"ster (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any large sea animal.
Sea" moss` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.)
Any branched marine bryozoan resembling moss.
Sea" mouse` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A dorsibranchiate annelid, belonging to
Aphrodite and allied genera, having long, slender,
hairlike set\'91 on the sides. (b) The
dunlin.
Seam"ster (?), n. [See
Seamstress.] One who sews well, or whose
occupation is to sew. [Obs.]
Seam"stress (?; 277), n. [From
older seamster, properly fem., AS.
se\'a0mestre. See Seam.] A woman
whose occupation is sewing; a needlewoman.
Seam"stress*y (?), n. The
business of a seamstress.
Sea" mud` (?). A rich slimy deposit in
salt marshes and along the seashore, sometimes used as a manure;
-- called also sea ooze.
Seam"y (?), a. Having a seam;
containing seams, or showing them. \'bdMany a
seamy scar.\'b8
Burns.
Everything has its fair, as well as its seamy,
side.
Sir W. Scott.
Sean (?), n. A seine. See
Seine. [Prov. Eng.]
\'d8S\'82`ance" (?), n. [F.,
fr. L. sedens, -entis, p.pr. of
sedere to sit. See Sit.] A
session, as of some public body; especially, a meeting of
spiritualists to receive spirit communication, so called.
Sea" nee"dle (?). (Zo\'94l.)
See Garfish (a).
Sea" net`tle (?). A jellyfish, or
medusa.
Sean"na*chie (?), n. [Gael.
seanachaidh.] A bard among the Highlanders
of Scotland, who preserved and repeated the traditions of the
tribes; also, a genealogist. [Written also
senachy.] [Scot.]
Sea" on"ion (?). (Bot.) The
officinal squill. See Squill.
Sea" ooze` (?). Same as Sea
mud.
Mortimer.
Sea" or"ange (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
large American holothurian (Lophothuria Fabricii)
having a bright orange convex body covered with finely granulated
scales. Its expanded tentacles are bright red.
Sea"-orb` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A globefish.
Sea" ot"ter (?). (Zo\'94l.) An
aquatic carnivore (Enhydris lutris, ) found
in the North Pacific Ocean. Its fur is highly valued, especially
by the Chinese. It is allied to the common otter, but is larger,
with feet more decidedly webbed.
Sea-otter's cabbage (Bot.), a
gigantic kelp of the Pacific Ocean (Nereocystis
Lutkeana). See Nereocystis.
Sea" owl` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
lumpfish.
Sea" pad` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
puffin.
Sea" par"tridge (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The gilthead (Crenilabrus melops), a fish of the
British coasts.
Sea" pass` (?). A document carried by
neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to show their
nationality; a sea letter or passport. See
Passport.
Sea" peach` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
beautiful American ascidian (Cynthia, ) having the size, form, velvety surface, and
color of a ripe peach.
Sea" pear` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
pedunculated ascidian of the genus Boltonia.
Sea"-pen" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A pennatula.
Sea" perch` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The European bass (Roccus, ); -- called also sea dace.
(b) The cunner. (c) The sea
bass. (d) The name is applied also to other
species of fishes.
Sea" pheas"ant (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The pintail duck.
Sea" pie (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
oyster catcher, a limicoline bird of the genus
H\'91matopus.
Sea" pie`. A dish of crust or pastry and meat or
fish, etc., cooked together in alternate layers, -- a common food
of sailors; as, a three-decker sea pie.
Sea"piece` (?), n. A picture
representing a scene at sea; a marine picture.
Addison.
Sea" pi"et (?). (Zo\'94l.) See
1st Sea pie.
Sea" pig` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A porpoise or dolphin. (b)
A dugong.
Sea" pi"geon (?). The common
guillemot.
Sea" pike` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The garfish. (b) A large
serranoid food fish (Centropomus undecimalis) found on
both coasts of America; -- called also
robalo. (c) The
merluce.
Sea" pin`cush`ion (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A sea purse. (b) A
pentagonal starfish.
Sea" pink` (?). (Bot.) See
Thrift.
Sea" plov"er (?). the black-bellied
plover.
{ Sea" poach"er (?). Sea" pok"er
(?). } (Zo\'94l.) The
lyrie.
Sea" pool` (?). A pool of salt
water.
Spenser.
Sea" pop"py (?). (Bot.) The
horn poppy. See under Horn.
Sea" por"cu*pine (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any fish of the genus Diodon, and allied genera,
whose body is covered with spines. See Illust. under
Diodon.
Sea" pork` (?). (Zo\'94l.) An
American compound ascidian (Amor\'91cium stellatum)
which forms large whitish masses resembling salt pork.
Sea" port` (?), n. A port on
the seashore, or one accessible for seagoing vessels. Also used
adjectively; as, a seaport town.
Sea" poy (?), n. See
Sepoy.
Sea" pud"ding (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any large holothurian. [Prov. Eng.]
Sea" purse` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
horny egg case of a skate, and of certain sharks.
Sea" purs"lane (?). (Bot.) See
under Purslane.
Sea" pye` (?). (Zo\'94l.) See
1st Sea pie.
Sea"py"ot (?). (Zo\'94l.) See
1st Sea pie.
Sea"quail` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
turnstone.
Sea"quake` (?), n. A quaking of
the sea.
{ Sear, Sere (?) },
a. [OE. seer, AS. se\'a0r
(assumed) fr. se\'a0rian to wither; akin to D.
zoor dry, LG. soor, OHG.
sor to to wither, Gr. sush) to dry, to wither, Zend
hush to dry. Austere,
Sorrel, a.] Dry; withered; no longer green;
-- applied to leaves.
Milton.
I have lived long enough; my way of life
Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf.
Shak.
Sear, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Seared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Searing.] [OE.seeren, AS.
se\'a0rian. See Sear, a.]
1. To wither; to dry up.
Shak.
2. To burn (the surface of) to dryness and
hardness; to cauterize; to expose to a degree of heat such as
changes the color or the hardness and texture of the surface; to
scorch; to make callous; as, to sear the skin or
flesh. Also used figuratively.
I'm seared with burning steel.
Rowe.
It was in vain that the amiable divine tried to give salutary
pain to that seared conscience.
Macaulay.
The discipline of war, being a discipline in destruction of
life, is a discipline in callousness. Whatever sympathies exist
are seared.
H. Spencer.
Sear is allied to scorch in
signification; but it is applied primarily to animal flesh, and
has special reference to the effect of heat in marking the
surface hard. Scorch is applied to flesh,
cloth, or any other substance, and has no reference to the effect
of hardness.
To sear, to close by searing. \'bdCherish
veins of good humor, and sear up those of ill.\'b8
Sir W. Temple.
Sear, n. [F. serre a grasp,
pressing, fr. L. sera. See Serry.]
The catch in a gunlock by which the hammer is held cocked or
half cocked.
Sear spring, the spring which causes the sear
to catch in the notches by which the hammer is held.
Sea" rat` (?). 1. A pirate.
[R.]
Massinger.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The chim\'91ra.
Sea" ra"ven (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) An American cottoid fish (Hemitripterus
Americanus) allied to the sculpins, found on the northeren
Atlantic coasts. (b) The cormorant.
Searce (?), n. [See
Sarse.] A fine sieve.
[Obs.]
Searce, v. t. To sift; to bolt.
[Obs.]
Mortimer.
Sear"cer (?), n. 1.
One who sifts or bolts. [Obs.]
2. A searce, or sieve. [Obs.]
Holland.
Search (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Searched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Searching.] [OE. serchen,
cerchen, OF. cerchier, F.
chercher, L. circare to go about, fr. L.
circum, circa, around. See
Circle.] 1. To look over or through,
for the purpose of finding something; to examine; to explore;
as, to search the city.
\'bdSearch the Scriptures.\'b8
John v. 39.
They are come to search the house.
Shak.
Search me, O God, and know my heart.
Ps. cxxxix. 23.
2. To inquire after; to look for; to seek.
I will both search my sheep, and seek them out.
Ezek. xxxiv. 11.
Enough is left besides to search and know.
Milton.
3. To examine or explore by feeling with an
instrument; to probe; as, to search a
wound.
4. To examine; to try; to put to the test.
To search out, to seek till found; to find by
seeking; as, to search out truth.
Syn. -- To explore; examine; scrutinize; seek; investigate;
pry into; inquire.
Search, v. i. To seek; to look for
something; to make inquiry, exploration, or examination; to
hunt.
Once more search with me.
Shak.
It sufficeth that they have once with care sifted the matter,
and searched into all the particulars.
Locke.
Search, n. [Cf. OF. cerche.
See Search, v. t.] The act of
seeking or looking for something; quest; inquiry; pursuit for
finding something; examination.
Thus the orb he roamed
With narrow search, and with inspection deep
Considered every creature.
Milton.
Nor did my search of liberty begin
Till my black hairs were changed upon my chin.
Dryden.
Right of search (Mar. Law), the
right of the lawfully commissioned cruisers of belligerent
nations to examine and search private merchant vessels on the
high seas, for the enemy's property or for articles contraband of
war. -- Search warrant (Law), a
warrant legally issued, authorizing an examination or search of a
house, or other place, for goods stolen, secreted, or
concealed.
Syn. -- Scrutiny; examination; exploration; investigation;
research; inquiry; quest; pursuit.
Search"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being searched.
Search"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being
searchable.
Search"er (?), n. [Cf. OF.
cercheor inspector.] One who, or that
which, searhes or examines; a seeker; an inquirer; an examiner; a
trier. Specifically: (a) Formerly, an officer
in London appointed to examine the bodies of the dead, and report
the cause of death. Graunt. (b) An
officer of the customs whose business it is to search ships,
merchandise, luggage, etc. (c) An inspector
of leather. [Prov. Eng.] (d)
(Gun.) An instrument for examining the bore of a
cannon, to detect cavities. (e) An implement
for sampling butter; a butter trier. (j)
(Med.) An instrument for feeling after calculi in
the bladder, etc.
Search"ing, a. Exploring thoroughly;
scrutinizing; penetrating; trying; as, a searching
discourse; a searching eye. \'bdPiercing,
searching, biting, cold.\'b8
Dickens.
-- Search"ing*ly, adv. --
Search"ing*ness, n.
Search"less, a. Impossible to be
searched; inscrutable; impenetrable.
Sear"cloth` (?; 115), n.
Cerecloth.
Mortimer.
Sear"cloth, v. t. To cover, as a sore,
with cerecloth.
Seared (?), a. Scorched;
cauterized; hence, figuratively, insensible; not susceptible to
moral influences.
A seared conscience and a remorseless heart.
Macaulay.
Sear"ed*ness (?), n. The state
of being seared or callous; insensibility.
Bp. Hall.
Sea" reed` (?). (Bot.) The
sea-sand reed. See under Reed.
Sea" risk (?). Risk of injury,
destruction, or loss by the sea, or while at sea.
Sea" rob"ber (?). A pirate; a sea
rover.
Sea" rob"in (?). See under Robin,
and Illustration in Appendix.
Sea" rock"et (?).(Bot.) See
under Rocket.
Sea" room` (?). (Naut.) Room or
space at sea for a vessel to maneuver, drive, or scud, without
peril of running ashore or aground.
Totten.
Sea" rov"er (?). One that cruises or roves
the sea for plunder; a sea robber; a pirate; also, a piratical
vessel.
Sea"-rov"ing, a. Cruising at random on the
ocean.
Sea" salm"on (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A young pollock. (b) The
spotted squeteague. (c) See Sea bass
(b).
Sea" salt` (?). Common salt, obtained from
sea water by evaporation.
Sea" sand"pi`per (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The purple sandpiper.
Sea" sand"wort` (?). (Bot.) See
Sea chickweed.
Sea" sau"ri*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any marine saurian; esp.
(Paleon.) the large extinct species of Mosasaurus,
Icthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, and related genera.
Sea"scape (?), n. [Cf.
Landscape.] A picture representing a scene at
sea. [Jocose]
Thackeray.
<-- p. 1299 -->
Sea" scor"pi*on (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A European sculpin (Cottus scorpius)
having the head armed with short spines. (b)
The scorpene.
Sea" scurf` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
bryozoan which forms rounded or irregular patches of coral on
stones, seaweeds, etc.
Sea" ser`pent (?). 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any marine snake. See Sea
snake.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large marine animal of
unknown nature, often reported to have been seen at sea, but
never yet captured.
Regalecus), and huge conger eels. Other
accounts probably refer to the giant squids
(Architeuthis). Some of the best accounts seem to
describe a marine saurian, like the fossil Mosasauri, which were
large serpentlike creatures with paddles.
Sea"shell` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The shell of any marine mollusk.
Sea"shore` (?), n. 1.
The coast of the sea; the land that lies adjacent to the sea
or ocean.
2. (Law) All the ground between the
ordinary highwater and low-water marks.
Sea"sick` (?), a. Affected with
seasickness.
Sea"sick`ness, n. The peculiar sickness,
characterized by nausea and prostration, which is caused by the
pitching or rolling of a vessel.
Sea"side` (?), n. The land
bordering on, or adjacent to, the sea; the seashore. Also used
adjectively.
Sea" slat"er (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any isopod crustacean of the genus Ligia.
Sea" slug` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A holothurian. (b) A
nudibranch mollusk.
Sea" snail` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A small fish of the genus Liparis,
having a ventral sucker. It lives among stones and
seaweeds. (b) Any small creeping marine
gastropod, as the species of Littorina, Natica, etc.
Sea" snake` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of many species of venomous aquatic snakes of the family
Hydrophid\'91, having a flattened tail and living
entirely in the sea, especially in the warmer parts of the Indian
and Pacific Oceans. They feed upon fishes, and are mostly of
moderate size, but some species become eight or ten feet long and
four inches broad.
Sea" snipe` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A sandpiper, as the knot and dunlin.
(b) The bellows fish.
Sea"son (?), n. [OE.
sesoun, F. saison, properly, the sowing
time, fr. L. satio a sowing, a planting, fr.
serere, satum, to sow, plant; akin to E.
sow, v., to scatter, as seed.] 1.
One of the divisions of the year, marked by alternations in
the length of day and night, or by distinct conditions of
temperature, moisture, etc., caused mainly by the relative
position of the earth with respect to the sun. In the north
temperate zone, four seasons, namely, spring, summer, autumn, and
winter, are generally recognized. Some parts of the world have
three seasons, -- the dry, the rainy, and the cold; other parts
have but two, -- the dry and the rainy.
The several seasons of the year in their
beauty.
Addison.
2. Hence, a period of time, especially as regards
its fitness for anything contemplated or done; a suitable or
convenient time; proper conjuncture; as, the season
for planting; the season for rest.
The season, prime for sweetest scents and airs.
Milton.
3. A period of time not very long; a while; a
time.
Thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a
season.
Acts xiii. 11.
4. That which gives relish; seasoning.
[Obs.]
You lack the season of all natures, sleep.
Shak.
In season, in good time, or sufficiently early
for the purpose. -- Out of season, beyond or
out of the proper time of the usual or appointed time.
Sea"son, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Seasoned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Seasoning.] 1. To
render suitable or appropriate; to prepare; to fit.
He is fit and seasoned for his passage.
Shak.
2. To fit for any use by time or habit; to
habituate; to accustom; to inure; to ripen; to mature; as, to
season one to a climate.
3. Hence, to prepare by drying or hardening, or
removal of natural juices; as, to season
timber.
4. To fit for taste; to render palatable; to give
zest or relish to; to spice; as, to season
food.
5. Hence, to fit for enjoyment; to render
agrecable.
You season still with sports your serious
hours.
Dryden.
The proper use of wit is to season
conversation.
Tillotson.
6. To qualify by admixture; to moderate; to
temper. \'bdWhen mercy seasons justice.\'b8
Shak.
7. To imbue; to tinge or taint. \'bdWho by
his tutor being seasoned with the love of the
truth.\'b8
Fuller.
Season their younger years with prudent and pious
principles.
Jer. Taylor.
8. To copulate with; to impregnate.
[R.]
Holland.
Sea"son (?), v. i. 1.
To become mature; to grow fit for use; to become adapted to
a climate.
2. To become dry and hard, by the escape of the
natural juices, or by being penetrated with other substance;
as, timber seasons in the sun.
3. To give token; to savor.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Sea"son*a*ble (?), a. Occurring
in good time, in due season, or in proper time for the purpose;
suitable to the season; opportune; timely; as, a
seasonable supply of rain.
Mercy is seasonable in the time of affliction.
Ecclus. xxxv. 20.
-- Sea"son*a*ble*ness, n. --
Sea"son*a*bly, adv.
Sea"son*age (?), n. A
seasoning. [Obs.]
outh.
Sea"son*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the seasons.
<-- 2. Occurring or being used in a specific season; as, seasonal
items for sale. -->
Seasonal dimorphism (Zo\'94l.), the
condition of having two distinct varieties which appear at
different seasons, as certain species of butterflies in which the
spring brood differs from the summer or autumnal brood.
Sea"son*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, seasons, or gives a relish; a seasoning.
Sea"son*ing, n. 1. The act or
process by which anything is seasoned.
2. That which is added to any species of food, to
give it a higher relish, as salt, spices, etc.; a
condiment.
3. Hence, something added to enhance enjoyment or
relieve dullness; as, wit is the seasoning of
conversation.
Political speculations are of so dry and austere a nature,
that they will not go down with the public without frequent
seasonings.
Addison.
Seasoning tub (Bakery), a trough in
which dough is set to rise.
Knight.
Sea"son*less, a. Without succession of
the seasons.
Sea" spi"der (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any maioid crab; a spider crab. See
Maioid, and Spider crab, under
Spider. (b) Any pycnogonid.
Sea" squirt` (?). (Zo\'94l.) An
ascidian. See Illust. under Tunicata.
Sea" star` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
starfish, or brittle star.
Sea" sur"geon (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
surgeon fish.
Sea" swal"low (?). 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The common tern.
(b) The storm petrel. (c) The
gannet.
2. (Her.) See Cornish
chough, under Chough.
Seat (?), n. [OE.
sete, Icel. s\'91ti; akin to Sw.
s\'84te, Dan. s\'91de, MHG.
s, AS. set, setl, and E.
sit. Sit, and cf.
Settle, n.] 1. The place
or thing upon which one sits; hence; anything made to be sat in
or upon, as a chair, bench, stool, saddle, or the like.
And Jesus . . . overthrew the tables of the money changers,
and the seats of them that sold doves.
Matt. xxi. 12.
2. The place occupied by anything, or where any
person or thing is situated, resides, or abides; a site; an
abode, a station; a post; a situation.
Where thou dwellest, even where Satan's seat
is.
Rev. ii. 13.
He that builds a fair house upon an ill seat
committeth himself to prison.
Bacon.
A seat of plenty, content, and tranquillity.
Macaulay.
3. That part of a thing on which a person sits;
as, the seat of a chair or saddle; the seat
of a pair of pantaloons.
4. A sitting; a right to sit; regular or
appropriate place of sitting; as, a seat in a
church; a seat for the season in the opera
house.
5. Posture, or way of sitting, on horseback.
She had so good a seat and hand she might be
trusted with any mount.
G. Eliot.
6. (Mach.) A part or surface on which
another part or surface rests; as, a valve
seat.
Seat worm (Zo\'94l.), the
pinworm.
Seat, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Seated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Seating.] 1. To place on a
seat; to cause to sit down; as, to seat one's
self.
The guests were no sooner seated but they entered
into a warm debate.
Arbuthnot.
2. To cause to occupy a post, site, situation, or
the like; to station; to establish; to fix; to settle.
Thus high . . . is King Richard seated.
Shak.
They had seated themselves in New Guiana.
Sir W. Raleigh.
3. To assign a seat to, or the seats of; to give a
sitting to; as, to seat a church, or persons in a
church.
4. To fix; to set firm.
From their foundations, loosening to and fro,
They plucked the seated hills.
Milton.
5. To settle; to plant with inhabitants; as to
seat a country. [Obs.]
W. Stith.
6. To put a seat or bottom in; as, to
seat a chair.
Seat, v. i. To rest; to lie down.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Sea" tang` (?). (Bot.) A kind
of seaweed; tang; tangle.
To their nests of sedge and sea tang.
Longfellow.
Sea" term` (?). A term used specifically
by seamen; a nautical word or phrase.
Sea" thief` (?). A pirate.
Drayton.
Sea" thongs` (?; 115). (Bot.) A
kind of blackish seaweed (Himanthalia lorea) found on
the northern coasts of the Atlantic. It has a thonglike forking
process rising from a top-shaped base.
Seat"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of providong with a seat or seats; as, the
seating of an audience.
2. The act of making seats; also, the material for
making seats; as, cane seating.
Sea" tit"ling (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The rock pipit.
Seat"less (?), a. Having no
seat.
Sea" toad` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A sculpin. (b) A
toadfish. (c) The angler.
Sea" trout` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any one of several species of true trouts which
descend rivers and enter the sea after spawning, as the European
bull trout and salmon trout, and the eastern American spotted
trout. (b) The common squeteague, and the
spotted squeteague. (c) A California fish of
the family Chirid\'91, especially Hexagrammus
decagrammus; -- called also spotted rock
trout. See Rock trout, under
Rock. (d) A California sci\'91noid
fish (Cynoscion nobilis); -- called also
white sea bass.
Sea" trum"pet (?). 1.
(Bot.) A great blackish seaweed of the Southern
Ocean, having a hollow and expanding stem and a pinnate frond,
sometimes twenty feet long.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any large marine univalve
shell of the genus Triton. See Triton.
Sea" turn` (?). A breeze, gale, or mist
from the sea.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Sea" tur"tle (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any one of several very large species of
chelonians having the feet converted into paddles, as the green
turtle, hawkbill, loggerhead, and leatherback. They inhabit all
warm seas. (b) The sea pigeon, or
guillemot.
Sea" u"ni*corn (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The narwhal.
Sea" ur"chin (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of echinoderms of the order
Echinoidea.
When living they are covered with movable spines which
are often long and sharp.
Seave (?), n. [Cf. Dan.
siv, Sw. s\'84f, Icel.
sef.] A rush. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Seav`y, a. Overgrown with rushes.
[Prov. Eng.]
Sea" wall` (?). [AS.
s.] A wall, or embankment, to
resist encroachments of the sea.
Sea"-walled` (?), a.
Surrounded, bounded, or protected by the sea, as if by a
wall.
Shak.
{ Sea"wan (?), Sea"want
(?) }, n. The name used by the
Algonquin Indians for the shell beads which passed among the
Indians as money.
Seawan was of two kinds;
wampum, white, and suckanhock, black or
purple, -- the former having half the value of the latter. Many
writers, however, use the terms seawan and
wampum indiscriminately.
Bartlett.
Sea"wand` . (Bot.) See Sea
girdles.
Sea"ward (?), a. Directed or
situated toward the sea.
Donne.
Two still clouds . . . sparkled on their seaward
edges like a frosted fleece.
G. W. Cable.
Sea"ward, adv. Toward the sea.
Drayton.
Sea"ware` (?), n. [Cf. AS.
s\'d6w\'ber seaweed.] (Bot.)
Seaweed; esp., coarse seaweed. See Ware, and
Sea girdles.
Sea"weed` (?), n. 1.
Popularly, any plant or plants growing in the sea.
2. (Bot.) Any marine plant of the class
Alg\'91, as kelp, dulse, Fucus, Ulva, etc.
Sea" whip` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
gorgonian having a simple stem.
Sea" wid"geon (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The scaup duck. (b) The
pintail duck.
Sea"wife` (?), n.; pl.
Seawives (. (Zo\'94l.)
A European wrasse (Labrus vetula).
Sea" wil"low (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
gorgonian coral with long flexible branches.
Sea" wing` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
wing shell (Avicula).
Sea" with"wind` (?). (Bot.) A kind of
bindweed (Convolvulus Soldanella) growing on the
seacoast of Europe.
Sea" wolf` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The wolf fish. (b) The
European sea perch. (c) The sea
elephant. (d) A sea lion.
Sea" wood"cock` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The bar-tailed godwit.
Sea" wood louse` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A sea slater.
Sea" worm"wood` (?). (Bot.) A
European species of wormwood (Artemisia maritima)
growing by the sea.
Sea"wor`thi*ness (?), n. The
state or quality of being seaworthy, or able to resist the
ordinary violence of wind and weather.
Kent.
Sea"wor`thy (?), a. Fit for a
voyage; worthy of being trusted to transport a cargo with safety;
as, a seaworthy ship.
Sea" wrack` (?). (Bot.) See
Wrack.
Se*ba"ceous (?), a. [NL.
sebaceus, from L. sebum tallow,
grease.] (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or
secreting, fat; composed of fat; having the appearance of fat;
as, the sebaceous secretions of some plants, or the
sebaceous humor of animals.
Sebaceous cyst (Med.), a cyst
formed by distention of a sebaceous gland, due to obstruction of
its excretory duct. -- Sebaceous glands
(Anat.), small subcutaneous glands, usually
connected with hair follicles. They secrete an oily semifluid
matter, composed in great part of fat, which softens and
lubricates the hair and skin.
Se*bac"ic (?), a. [L.
sebum tallow: cf. F. s\'82bacique.]
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to fat; derived from, or
resembling, fat; specifically, designating an acid (formerly
called also sebic, and
pyroleic, acid), obtained by the distillation
or saponification of certain oils (as castor oil) as a white
crystalline substance.
Se"bat (?), n. [Heb.
sh\'cbb\'bet.] The eleventh month of the
ancient Hebrew year, approximately corresponding with
February.
W. Smith (Bibl. Dict. ).
Se"bate (s\'c7"b\ddt), n.
(Chem.) A salt of sebacic acid.
Se*bes"ten (?), n. [Ar.
sebest\'ben the tree: cf. Sp.
sebesten.] (Bot.) The
mucilaginous drupaceous fruit of two East Indian trees
(Cordia Myxa, and C. latifolia), sometimes
used medicinally in pectoral diseases.
Cordia Sebestana.
<-- p. 1300 -->
<-- p. 1300 -->
Se"bic (?), a. See
Sebacic. [Obs.]
Se*bif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
sebum tallow + -ferous.] 1.
(Bot.) Producing vegetable tallow.
2. (Physiol.) Producing fat; sebaceous;
as, the sebiferous, or sebaceous, glands.
Se*bip"a*rous (?), a. [L.
sebum tallow + parere to bring
forth.] (Physiol.) Same as
Sebiferous.
\'d8Seb"or*rhe*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. sebum tallow + Gr.
(Med.) A morbidly increased discharge of
sebaceous matter upon the skin; stearrhea.
\'d8Se*ca"le (?), n. [L., a
kind of grain.] (Bot.) A genus of cereal
grasses including rye.
Se"can*cy (?), n. [See
Secant.] A cutting; an intersection; as,
the point of secancy of one line by another.
[R.]
Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).
Se"cant (?), a. [L.
secans, -antis, p.pr. of secare
to cut. See Section.] Cutting; divivding into
two parts; as, a secant line.
Secant, n. [Cf. F.
s\'82cante. See Secant, a.]
1. (Geom.) A line that cuts another;
especially, a straight line cutting a curve in two or more
points.
2. (Trig.) A right line drawn from the
center of a circle through one end of a circular arc, and
terminated by a tangent drawn from the other end; the number
expressing the ratio line of this line to the radius of the
circle. See Trigonometrical function, under
Function.
\'d8Sec"co (?), a. [It.]
Dry.
Secco painting, Painting in
secco, painting on dry plaster, as distinguished
from fresco painting, which is on wet or fresh
plaster.
Se"cede" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Seceded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Seceding.] [L.
secedere, secessum; pref se-
aside + cedere to go, move. See Cede.]
To withdraw from fellowship, communion, or association; to
separate one's self by a solemn act; to draw off; to retire;
especially, to withdraw from a political or religious body.
Se*ced"er (?), n. 1.
One who secedes.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a numerous body
of Presbyterians in Scotland who seceded from the communion of
the Established Church, about the year 1733, and formed the
Secession Church, so called.
Se*cern" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Secerned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Secerning.] [L. secernere.
See Secrete.] 1. To separate; to
distinguish.
Averroes secerns a sense of titillation, and a
sense of hunger and thirst.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. (Physiol.) To secrete; as, mucus
secerned in the nose.
Arbuthnot.
Se*cern"ent (?), a. [L.
secernens, p.pr.]
(Physiol.)Secreting; secretory.
Se*cern"ent, n. 1. That which
promotes secretion.
2. (Anat.) A vessel in, or by means of,
which the process of secretion takes place; a secreting
vessel.
Se*cern"ment (?), n.
(Physiol.) The act or process of secreting.
Se*cess" (?), n. [L.
secessus. See Secede.] Retirement;
retreat; secession. [Obs.]
R. H. More.
Se*ces"sion (?), n. [L.
secessio: cf. F. s\'82cession. See
Secede.] 1. The act of seceding;
separation from fellowship or association with others, as in a
religious or political organization; withdrawal.
2. (U.S. Hist.) The withdrawal of a
State from the national Union.
Secession Church (in Scotland). See
Seceder.
Se*ces"sion*ism (?), n. The
doctrine or policy of secession; the tenets of secession; the
tenets of secessionists.
Se*ces"sion*ist, n. 1. One who
upholds secession.
2. (U.S. Hist.) One who holds to the
belief that a State has the right to separate from the Union at
its will.
Seche (?), v. t. & i. To
seek. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Se"chi*um (?), n. [NL.: cf. F.
s\'82chion; perhaps formed fr. Gr. (Bot.) The edible fruit of a
West Indian plant (Sechium edule) of the Gourd family.
It is soft, pear-shaped, and about four inches long, and contains
a single large seed. The root of the plant resembles a yam, and
is used for food.
Seck (?), a. [F.
sec, properly, dry, L. siccua.]
Barren; unprofitable. See Rent seck, under
Rent.
Seck"el (?), n. (Bot.)
A small reddish brown sweet and juicy pear. It originated on
a farm near Philadelphia, afterwards owned by a Mr.
Seckel.
Se"cle (?), n. [L.
saeculum: cf. F. si\'8acle. See
Secular.] A century.
[Obs.]
Hammond.
Se*clude (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Secluded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Secluding.] [L.
secludere, seclusum pref. se-
aside + claudere to shut. See Close, v.
t.] 1. To shut up apart from others; to
withdraw into, or place in, solitude; to separate from society or
intercourse with others.
Let Eastern tyrants from the light of heaven
Seclude their bosom slaves.
Thomson.
2. To shut or keep out; to exclude.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
-- Se*clud"ed*ly, adv. --
Se*clud"ed*ness, n.
Se*clu"sion (?), n. [See
Seclude.] The act of secluding, or the state
of being secluded; separation from society or connection; a
withdrawing; privacy; as, to live in
seclusion.
O blest seclusion from a jarring world, which he,
thus occupied, enjoys!
Cowper.
Syn. -- Solitude; separation; withdrawment; retirement;
privacy. See Solitude.
Se*clu"sive (?), a. Tending to
seclude; keeping in seclusion; secluding; sequestering.
Sec"ond (?), a. [F., fr. L.
secundus second, properly, following, fr.
sequi to follow. See Sue to follow, and cf.
Secund.] 1. Immediately following
the first; next to the first in order of place or time; hence,
occuring again; another; other.
And he slept and dreamed the second time.
Gen. xli. 5.
2. Next to the first in value, power, excellence,
dignity, or rank; secondary; subordinate; inferior.
May the day when we become the second people upon
earth . . . be the day of our utter extirpation.
Landor.
3. Being of the same kind as another that has
preceded; another, like a protype; as, a second
Cato; a second Troy; a second
deluge.
A Daniel, still say I, a second Daniel!
Shak.
Second Adventist. See Adventist.
-- Second cousin, the child of a cousin. --
Second-cut file. See under File. --
Second distance (Art), that part of a
picture between the foreground and the background; -- called also
middle ground, or middle
distance. [R.] -- Second
estate (Eng.), the House of
Peers. -- Second girl, a female house-servant
who does the lighter work, as chamber work or waiting on table.
-- Second intention. See under
Intention. -- Second story,
Story floor, in America, the second range
of rooms from the street level. This, in England, is called the
first floor, the one beneath being the
ground floor. -- Second thought
thoughts, consideration of a matter
following a first impulse or impression; reconsideration.
On second thoughts, gentlemen, I don't wish you had
known him.
Dickens.
Sec"ond (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, follows, or comes after; one next and
inferior in place, time, rank, importance, excellence, or
power.
Man
an angel's second, nor his second long.
Young.
2. One who follows or attends another for his
support and aid; a backer; an assistant; specifically, one who
acts as another's aid in a duel.
Being sure enough of seconds after the first
onset.
Sir H. Wotton.
3. Aid; assistance; help. [Obs.]
Give second, and my love
Is everlasting thine.
J. Fletcher.
4. pl. An article of merchandise of a
grade inferior to the best; esp., a coarse or inferior kind of
flour.
5. [F. seconde. See Second,
a.] The sixtieth part of a minute of time
or of a minute of space, that is, the second regular
subdivision of the degree; as, sound moves about 1,140
English feet in a second; five minutes and ten
seconds north of this place.
6. In the duodecimal system of mensuration, the
twelfth part of an inch or prime; a line. See Inch, and
Prime, n., 8.
7. (Mus.) (a) The interval
between any tone and the tone which is represented on the degree
of the staff next above it. (b) The second
part in a concerted piece; -- often popularly applied to the
alto.
Second hand, the hand which marks the seconds
on the dial of a watch or a clock.
Sec"ond, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Seconded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Seconding.] [Cf. F.
seconder, L. secundare, from
secundus. See Second, a.]
1. To follow in the next place; to succeed; to
alternate. [R.]
In the method of nature, a low valley is immediately
seconded with an ambitious hill.
Fuller.
Sin is seconded with sin.
South.
2. To follow or attend for the purpose of
assisting; to support; to back; to act as the second of; to
assist; to forward; to encourage.
We have supplies to second our attempt.
Shak.
In human works though labored on with pain,
A thousand movements scarce one purpose gain;
In God's, one single can its end produce,
Yet serves to second too some other use.
Pope.
3. Specifically, to support, as a motion or
proposal, by adding one's voice to that of the mover or
proposer.
Sec"ond*a*ri*ly (?), adv.
1. In a secondary manner or degree.
2. Secondly; in the second place.
[Obs.]
God hath set some in the church, first apostels,
secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers.
1 Cor. xii. 28.
Sec"ond*a*ri*ness, n. The state of being
secondary.
Full of a girl's sweet sense of secondariness to
the object of her love.
Mrs. Oliphant.
Sec"ond*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
secondaire, L. secundaire. See
Second, a.] 1. Suceeding
next in order to the first; of second place, origin, rank, rank,
etc.; not primary; subordinate; not of the first order or
rate.
Wheresoever there is normal right on the one hand, no
secondary right can discharge it.
L'Estrange.
Two are the radical differences; the secondary
differences are as four.
Bacon.
2. Acting by deputation or delegated authority;
as, the work of secondary hands.
3. (Chem.) Possessing some quality, or
having been subject to some operation (as substitution), in the
second degree; as, a secondary salt, a
secondary amine, etc. Cf. primary.
4. (Min.) Subsequent in origin; -- said
of minerals produced by alteertion or deposition subsequent to
the formation of the original rocks mass; also of characters of
minerals (as secondary cleavage, etc.) developed by
pressure or other causes.
5. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the second
joint of the wing of a bird.
6. (Med.) Dependent or consequent upon
another disease; as, Bright's disease is often
secondary to scarlet fever. (b) Occuring
in the second stage of a disease; as, the secondary
symptoms of syphilis.
Secondary accent. See the Note under
Accent, n., 1. -- Secondary
age. (Geol.) The Mesozoic age, or age before
the Tertiary. See Mesozoic, and Note under Age,
n., 8. -- Secondary alcohol
(Chem.), any one of a series of alcohols which
contain the radical CH.OH united with two
hydrocarbon radicals. On oxidation the secondary alcohols form
ketones. -- Secondary amputation
(Surg.), an amputation for injury, performed after
the constitutional effects of the injury have subsided. --
Secondary axis (Opt.), any line which
passes through the optical center of a lens but not through the
centers of curvature, or, in the case of a mirror, which passes
through the center of curvature but not through the center of the
mirror. -- Secondary battery. (Elec.)
See under Battery, n., 4. --
Secondary circle (Geom. & Astron.), a
great circle passes through the poles of another great circle and
is therefore perpendicular to its plane. --
Secondary circuit, Secondary
coil (Elec.), a circuit or coil in
which a current is produced by the induction of a current in a
neighboring circuit or coil called the primary circuit
or coil. -- Secondary color, a
color formed by mixing any two primary colors in equal
proportions. -- Secondary coverts
(Zo\'94l.), the longer coverts which overlie the
basal part of the secondary quills of a bird. See
Illust. under Bird. -- Secondary
crystal (Min.), a crystal derived from one
of the primary forms. -- Secondary current
(Elec.), a momentary current induced in a closed
circuit by a current of electricity passing through the same or a
contiguous circuit at the beginning and also at the end of the
passage of the primary current. -- Secondary
evidence, that which is admitted upon failure to obtain
the primary or best evidence. -- Secondary fever
(Med.), a fever coming on in a disease after the
subsidence of the fever with which the disease began, as the
fever which attends the outbreak of the eruption in
smallpox. -- Secondary hemorrhage
(Med.), hemorrhage occuring from a wounded blood
vessel at some considerable time after the original bleeding has
ceased. -- Secondary planet. (Astron.)
See the Note under Planet. -- Secondary
qualities, those qualities of bodies which are not
inseparable from them as such, but are dependent for their
development and intensity on the organism of the percipient, such
as color, taste, odor, etc. -- Secondary
quills remiges
(Zo\'94l.), the quill feathers arising from the
forearm of a bird and forming a row continuous with the
primaries; -- called also secondaries. See
Illust. of Bird. -- Secondary
rocks strata (Geol.),
those lying between the Primary, or Paleozoic, and Tertiary
(see Primary rocks, under Primary); --
later restricted to strata of the Mesozoic age, and at but little
used. -- Secondary syphilis (Med.),
the second stage of syphilis, including the period from the
first development of constitutional symptoms to the time when the
bones and the internal organs become involved. --
Secondary tint, any subdued tint, as gray. --
Secondary union (Surg.), the union of
wounds after suppuration; union by the second
intention.
Syn. -- Second; second-rate; subordinate; inferior.
Sec"ond*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Secondaries (. 1. One
who occupies a subordinate, inferior, or auxiliary place; a
delegate deputy; one who is second or next to the chief officer;
as, the secondary, or undersheriff of the city of
London.
Old Escalus . . . is thy secondary.
Shak.
2. (Astron.) (a) A secondary
circle. (b) A satellite.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A secondary quill.
Sec"ond-class` (?), a. Of the
rank or degree below the best highest; inferior; second-rate;
as, a second-class house; a second-class
passage.
Sec"ond*er (?), n. One who
seconds or supports what another attempts, affirms, moves, or
proposes; as, the seconder of an enterprise or of a
motion.
Sec"ond*hand` (?), a. 1.
Not original or primary; received from another.
They have but a secondhand or implicit
knowledge.
Locke.
2. Not new; already or previously or used by
another; as, a secondhand book, garment.
At second hand. See Hand,
n., 10.
Sec"ond*ly, adv. In the second
place.
\'d8Se*con"do (?; It.), n.
[It.] (Mus.) The second part in a
concerted piece.
Sec"ond-rate` (?), a. Of the
second size, rank, quality, or value; as, a
second-rate ship; second-rate cloth; a
second-rate champion.
Dryden.
Sec"ond-sight` (?), n. The
power of discerning what is not visible to the physical eye, or
of foreseeing future events, esp. such as are of a disastrous
kind; the capacity of a seer; prophetic vision.
he was seized with a fit of second-sight.
Addison.
Nor less availed his optic sleight,
And Scottish gift of second-sight.
Trumbull.
Sec"ond-sight`ed, a. Having the power of
second-sight.
Addison.
Se"cre (? , a. Secret;
secretive; faithful to a secret. [Obs.]
To be holden stable and secre.
Chaucer.
Se"cre, n. A secret.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Se"cre*cy (?), n.; pl.
Secrecies (#). [From
Secret.] 1. The state or quality of
being hidden; as, his movements were detected in spite of
their secrecy.
The Lady Anne,
Whom the king hath in secrecy long married.
Shak.
2. That which is concealed; a secret.
[R.]
Shak.
3. Seclusion; privacy; retirement. \'bdThe
pensive secrecy of desert cell.\'b8
Milton.
4. The quality of being secretive; fidelity to a
secret; forbearance of disclosure or discovery.
It is not with public as with private prayer; in this, rather
secrecy is commanded than outward show.
Hooker.
Se"cre*ly (?), adv.
Secretly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Se"cre*ness, n. Secrecy; privacy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Se"cret (?), a. [F.
secret (cf. Sp.& Pg. secreto, It.
secreto, segreto), fr. L.
secretus, p.p. of secrernere to put apart,
to separate. See Certain, and cf. Secrete,
Secern.] 1. Hidden; concealed;
as, secret treasure; secret plans; a
secret vow.
Shak.
The secret things belong unto the Lord our God; but
those things which are revealed belong unto us.
Deut. xxix. 29.
2. Withdraw from general intercourse or notice; in
retirement or secrecy; secluded.
There, secret in her sapphire cell,
He with the Na\'8bs wont to dwell.
Fenton.
3. Faithful to a secret; not inclined to divulge or
betray confidence; secretive. [R.]
Secret Romans, that have spoke the word,
And will not palter.
Shak.
4. Separate; distinct. [Obs.]
They suppose two other divine hypostases superior thereunto,
which were perfectly secret from matter.
Cudworth.
Syn. -- Hidden; concealed; secluded; retired; unseen;
unknown; private; obscure; recondite; latent; covert;
clandestine; privy. See Hidden.
Se"cret, n. [F. secret (cf.
Pr. secret, Sp. & Pg. secreto, It.
secreto, segreto), from L.
secretum. See Secret, a.]
1. Something studiously concealed; a thing kept
from general knowledge; what is not revealed, or not to be
revealed.
To tell our secrets is often folly; to communicate
those of others is treachery.
Rambler.
<-- p. 1301 -->
2. A thing not discovered; what is unknown or
unexplained; a mystery.
All secrets of the deep, all nature's works.
Milton
3. pl. The parts which modesty and
propriety require to be concealed; the genital organs.
In secret, in a private place; in privacy or
secrecy; in a state or place not seen; privately.
Bread eaten in secret is pleasant.
Prov. ix. 17.
Se"cret (?), v. t. To keep
secret. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Se"cret*age (?), n. [F.]
A process in which mercury, or some of its salts, is
employed to impart the property of felting to certain kinds of
furs.
Ure.
Sec`re*ta"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a secretary; befitting a secretary.
[R.]
Secretarial, diplomatic, or other official
training.
Carlyle.
{ Sec`re*ta"ri*at (?),
Sec`re*ta"ri*ate (?), } n.
[F. secr\'82tariat.] The office of a
secretary; the place where a secretary transacts business, keeps
records, etc.
Sec"re*ta*ry (?), n.; pl.
Secretaries (#). [F.
secr\'82taire (cf. Pr. secretari, Sp. & Pg.
secretario, It. secretario,
segretario) LL. secretarius, originally, a
confidant, one intrusted with secrets, from L.
secretum a secret. See Secret, a.
& n.] 1. One who keeps, or is
intrusted with, secrets. [R.]
2. A person employed to write orders, letters,
dispatches, public or private papers, records, and the like; an
official scribe, amanuensis, or writer; one who attends to
correspondence, and transacts other business, for an association,
a public body, or an individual.
That which is most of all profitable is acquaintance with the
secretaries, and employed men of ambassadors.
Bacon.
3. An officer of state whose business is to
superintend and manage the affairs of a particular department of
government, and who is usually a member of the cabinet or
advisory council of the chief executive; as, the
secretary of state, who conducts the correspondence and
attends to the relations of a government with foreign courts; the
secretary of the treasury, who manages the department of
finance; the secretary of war, etc.
4. A piece of furniture, with conveniences for
writing and for the arrangement of papers; an escritoire.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The secretary bird.
Secretary Bird. [So called in allusion to the
tufts of feathers at the back of its head, which were fancifully
thought to resemble pens stuck behind the ear.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large long-legged raptorial bird
(Gypogeranus serpentarius), native of South Africa,
but now naturalized in the West Indies and some other tropical
countries. It has a powerful hooked beak, a crest of long
feathers, and a long tail. It feeds upon reptiles of various
kinds, and is much prized on account of its habit of killing and
devouring snakes of all kinds. Called also serpent
eater.
Syn. -- See the Note under Clerk, n.,
4.
Sec"re*ta*ry*ship, n. The office, or the
term of office, of a secretary.
Se*crete" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Secreted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Secreting.] [L.
secretus separated, secret, hidden, p. p. of
secernere. See Secret, and cf.
Discrete, Discreet.] 1. To
deposit in a place of hiding; to hide; to conceal; as, to
secrete stolen goods; to secrete one's
self.
2. (Physiol.) To separate from the blood
and elaborate by the process of secretion; to elaborate and emit
as a secretion. See Secretion.
Why one set of cells should secrete bile, another
urea, and so on, we do not known.
Carpenter.
Syn. -- To conceal; hide. See Conceal.
Se*cre"tion (?), n. [L.
secretio: cf. F. s\'82cr\'82tion.]
1. The act of secreting or concealing; as, the
secretion of dutiable goods.
2. (Physiol.) The act of secreting; the
process by which material is separated from the blood through the
agency of the cells of the various glands and elaborated by the
cells into new substances so as to form the various secretions,
as the saliva, bile, and other digestive fluids. The process
varies in the different glands, and hence are formed the various
secretions.
3. (Physiol.) Any substance or fluid
secreted, or elaborated and emitted, as the gastric juice.
Se"cret*ist (?), n. A dealer in
secrets. [Obs.]
Se`cre*ti"tious (?), a. Parted
by animal secretion; as, secretitious
humors.
Floyer.
Se*cret"ive (?), a. Tending to
secrete, or to keep secret or private; as, a
secretive disposition.
Se*cret"ive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being secretive; disposition or tendency to
conceal.
2. (Phren.) The faculty or propensity
which impels to reserve, secrecy, or concealment.
Se"cret*ly (?), adv. In a
secret manner.
Se"cret*ness, n. 1. The state
or quality of being secret, hid, or concealed.
2. Secretiveness; concealment.
Donne.
Se*cre`te-me"to*ry (?), a.
(Physiol.) Causing secretion; -- said of nerves
which go to glands and influence secretion.
Se*cre"to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
s\'82cr\'82toire. See Secrete.]
(Physiol.) Secreting; performing, or connected
with, the office secretion; secernent; as, secretory
vessels, nerves. -- n. A
secretory vessel; a secernent.
Sect (?), n. [L.
secare, sectum, to cut.] A
cutting; a scion. [Obs.]
Shak.
Sect (?), n. [F.
secte, L. sects, fr. sequi to
follew; often confused with L. secare,
sectum, to cut. See Sue to follow, and cf.
Sept, Suit, n.] Those
following a particular leader or authority, or attached to a
certain opinion; a company or set having a common belief or
allegiance distinct from others; in religion, the believers in a
particular creed, or upholders of a particular practice;
especially, in modern times, a party dissenting from an
established church; a denomination; in philosophy, the disciples
of a particular master; a school; in society and the state, an
order, rank, class, or party.
He beareth the sign of poverty,
And in that sect our Savior saved all mankind.
Piers Plowman.
As of the sect of which that he was born,
He kept his lay, to which that he was sworn.
Chaucer.
The cursed sect of that detestable and false
prophet Mohammed.
Fabyan.
As concerning this sect [Christians], we know that
everywhere it is spoken against.
Acts xxviii. 22.
Sec"tant (?), n. [L.
secare, sectum, to cut.] One of
the portions of space bounded by the three coordinate planes.
Specif. (Crystallog.), one of the parts of a crystal
into which it is divided by the axial planes.
Sec*ta"ri*an (?), n. Pertaining
to a sect, or to sects; peculiar to a sect; bigotedly attached to
the tenets and interests of a denomination; as,
sectarian principles or prejudices.
Sec*ta"ri*an, n. One of a sect; a member
or adherent of a special school, denomination, or religious or
philosophical party; one of a party in religion which has
separated itself from established church, or which holds tenets
different from those of the prevailing denomination in a
state.
Syn. -- See Heretic.
Sec*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The
quality or character of a sectarian; devotion to the interests of
a party; excess of partisan or denominational zeal; adherence to
a separate church organization.
Sec*ta"ri*an*ize (?), v. t. To
imbue with sectarian feelings; to subject to the control of a
sect.
Sec"ta*rism, n. Sectarianism.
[Obs.]
Sec"ta*rist (?), n. A
sectary. [R.]
T. Warton.
Sec"ta*ry (?), n.;pl.
Sectaries (#). [F.
sectaire. See Sect.] A sectarian;
a member or adherent of a sect; a follower or disciple of some
particular teacher in philosophy or religion; one who separates
from an established church; a dissenter.
I never knew that time in England when men of truest religion
were not counted sectaries.
Milton.
Sec*ta"tor (?), n. [L., fr.
sectari, v. intens. fr. sequi to follow.
See Sue to follow.] A follower; a disciple;
an adherent to a sect. [Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
Sec"tile (?), a. [L.
sectilis, fr. secare, sectum, to
cut: cf. F. sectile. See Section.]
Capable of being cut; specifically (Min.),
capable of being severed by the knife with a smooth cut; -- said
of minerals.
Sec*til"i*ty (?), n. The state
or quality of being sectile.
Sec"tion (?), n. [L.
sectio, fr. secare, sectum, to
cut; akin to E. saw a cutting instrument: cf. F.
section. See Saw, and cf. Scion,
Dissect, Insect, Secant,
Segment.] 1. The act of cutting, or
separation by cutting; as, the section of
bodies.
2. A part separated from something; a division; a
portion; a slice. Specifically: --
(a) A distinct part or portion of a book or
writing; a subdivision of a chapter; the division of a law or
other writing; a paragraph; an article; hence, the character
.
It is hardly possible to give a distinct view of his several
arguments in distinct sections.
Locke.
(b) A distinct part of a country or people,
community, class, or the like; a part of a territory separated by
geographical lines, or of a people considered as distinct.
The extreme section of one class consists of
bigoted dotards, the extreme section of the other
consists of shallow and reckless empirics.
Macaulay.
(c) One of the portions, of one square mile each,
into which the public lands of the United States are divided; one
thirty-sixth part of a township. These sections are subdivided
into quarter sections for sale under the homestead and
pre\'89mption laws.
3. (Geom.) The figure made up of all the
points common to a superficies and a solid which meet, or to two
superficies which meet, or to two lines which meet. In the first
case the section is a superficies, in the second a line, and in
the third a point.
4. (Nat. Hist.) A division of a genus; a
group of species separated by some distinction from others of the
same genus; -- often indicated by the sign
5. (Mus.) A part of a musical period,
composed of one or more phrases. See Phrase.
6. The description or representation of anything as
it would appear if cut through by any intersecting plane;
depiction of what is beyond a plane passing through, or supposed
to pass through, an object, as a building, a machine, a
succession of strata; profile.
longitudinal section (a)
usually represents the object as cut through its center
lengthwise and vertically; a cross or transverse
section (b), as cut crosswise and vertically;
and a horizontal section (c), as cut
through its center horizontally. Oblique sections are
made at various angles. In architecture, a vertical
section is a drawing showing the interior, the thickness of
the walls, ets., as if made on a vertical plane passed through a
building.
Angular sections (Math.), a branch
of analysis which treats of the relations of sines, tangents,
etc., of arcs to the sines, tangents, etc., of their multiples or
of their parts. [R.] -- Conic
sections. (Geom.) See under
Conic. -- Section liner
(Drawing), an instrument to aid in drawing a
series of equidistant parallel lines, -- used in representing
sections. -- Thin sections, a section or
slice, as of mineral, animal, or vegetable substance, thin enough
to be transparent, and used for study under the
microscope.
Syn. -- Part; portion; division. --
Section, Part. The English more commonly apply
the word section to a part or portion of a body of
men; as, a section of the clergy, a small
section of the Whigs, etc. In the United States this
use is less common, but another use, unknown or but little known
in England, is very frequent, as in the phrases \'bdthe eastern
section of our country,\'b8 etc., the same sense being
also given to the adjective sectional as,
sectional feelings, interests, etc.
Sec"tion*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a sections or distinct part of larger
body or territory; local.
All sectional interests, or party feelings, it is
hoped, will hereafter yield to schemes of ambition.
Story.
2. Consisting of sections, or capable of being
divided into sections; as, a sectional steam
boiler.
Sec"tion*al*ism (?), n. A
disproportionate regard for the interests peculiar to a section
of the country; local patriotism, as distinguished from
national. [U. S.]
Sec"tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being sectional; sectionalism.
Sec"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To
divide according to gepgraphical sections or local
interests. [U. S.]
The principal results of the struggle were to
sectionalize parties.
Nicilay & Hay (Life of Lincoln).
Sec"tion*al*ly, adv. In a sectional
manner.
Sec"tion*ize (?), v. t. To form
into sections. [R.]
Sect"ism (?), n. Devotion to a
sect. [R.]
Sect"ist, n. One devoted to a sect; a
soetary. [R.]
Sect"i*un`cle (?), n. A little
or petty sect. [R.] \'bdSome new sect or
sectiuncle.\'b8
J. Martineau.
Sec"tor (?), n. [L., properly,
a cutter, fr. secare, sectum, to cut: cf.
F. secteur. See Section.] 1.
(Geom.) A part of a circle comprehended between
two radii and the included arc.
2. A mathematical instrument, consisting of two
rulers connected at one end by a joint, each arm marked with
several scales, as of equal parts, chords, sines, tangents, etc.,
one scale of each kind on each arm, and all on lines radiating
from the common center of motion. The sector is used for
plotting, etc., to any scale.
3. An astronomical instrument, the limb of which
embraces a small portion only of a circle, used for measuring
differences of declination too great for the compass of a
micrometer. When it is used for measuring zenith distances of
stars, it is called a zenith sector.
Dip sector, an instrument used for measuring
the dip of the horizon. -- Sector of a
sphere, Spherical sector, the
solid generated by the revolution of the sector of a circle about
one of its radii, or, more rarely, about any straight line drawn
in the plane of the sector through its vertex.
Sec"tor*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a sector; as, a sectoral
circle.
Sec*to"ri*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Adapted for cutting. --
n. A sectorial, or carnassial,
tooth.
Sec"u*lar (?), a. [OE.
secular, seculer. L. saecularis,
fr. saeculum a race, generation, age, the times, the
world; perhaps akin to E. soul: cf. F.
s\'82culier.] 1. Coming or
observed once in an age or a century.
The secular year was kept but once a century.
Addison.
2. Pertaining to an age, or the progress of ages,
or to a long period of time; accomplished in a long progress of
time; as, secular inequality; the secular
refrigeration of the globe.
3. Of or pertaining to this present world, or to
things not spiritual or holy; relating to temporal as
distinguished from eternal interests; not immediately or
primarily respecting the soul, but the body; worldly.
New foes arise,
Threatening to bind our souls with secular chains.
Milton.
4. (Eccl.) Not regular; not bound by
monastic vows or rules; not confined to a monastery, or subject
to the rules of a religious community; as, a secular
priest.
He tried to enforce a stricter discipline and greater regard
for morals, both in the religious orders and the
secular clergy.
Prescett.
5. Belonging to the laity; lay; not clerical.
I speak of folk in secular estate.
Chaucer.
Secular equation (Astron.), the
algebraic or numerical expression of the magnitude of the
inequalities in a planet's motion that remain after the
inequalities of a short period have been allowed for. --
Secular games (Rom. Antiq.), games
celebrated, at long but irregular intervals, for three days and
nights, with sacrifices, theatrical shows, combats, sports, and
the like. -- Secular music, any music or
songs not adapted to sacred uses. -- Secular
hymn poem, a hymn or poem
composed for the secular games, or sung or rehearsed at those
games.
Sec"u*lar, n. 1. (Eccl.)
A secular ecclesiastic, or one not bound by monastic
rules.
Burke.
2. (Eccl.) A church official whose
functions are confined to the vocal department of the
choir.
Busby.
3. A layman, as distinguished from a
clergyman.
Sec"u*lar*ism (?), n. 1.
The state or quality of being secular; a secular spirit;
secularity.
2. The tenets or principles of the
secularists.
Sec"u*lar*ist, n. One who theoretically
rejects every form of religious faith, and every kind of
religious worship, and accepts only the facts and influences
which are derived from the present life; also, one who believes
that education and other matters of civil policy should be
managed without the introduction of a religious element.
Sec`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.F.
s\'82cularit\'82, LL. saecularitas.]
Supreme attention to the things of the present life;
worldliness.
A secularity of character which makes Christianity
and its principal doctrines distasteful or unintelligible.
I. Taylor.
Sec`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. s\'82cularisation.] The act of
rendering secular, or the state of being rendered secular;
conversion from regular or monastic to secular; conversion from
religious to lay or secular possession and uses; as, the
secularization of church property.
<-- p. 1302 -->
Sec"u*lar*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Secularized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Secularizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
s\'82culaiser.] 1. To convert from
regular or monastic into secular; as, to secularize
a priest or a monk.
2. To convert from spiritual or common use; as,
to secularize a church, or church property.
At the Reformation the abbey was secularized.
W. Coxe.
3. To make worldly or unspiritual.
Bp. Horsley.
Sec"u*lar*ly, adv. In a secular or
worldly manner.
Sec"u*lar*ness, n. The quality or state
of being secular; worldliness; worldly-minded-ness.
Se"cund (?), a. [L.
secundus following the course or current of wind of
water. See Second, a.]
(Bot.) Arranged on one side only, as flowers or
leaves on a stalk.
Gray.
Se*cun"date (?), v. t.
[L.secundatus, p. p. of secundare to
direct faverably.] To make prosperous.
[R.]
Sec`un*da"tion (?), n.
Prosperity. [R.]
Sec"un*dine (?), n. [Cf. F.
secondine.] 1. (Bot.)
The second coat, or integument, of an ovule, lying within
the primine.
2. [Cf. F. secondines.] The
afterbirth, or placenta and membranes; -- generally used in the
plural.
Se*cun`do-gen"i*ture (?), n.
[L. secundus second + genitura a
begetting, generation.] A right of inheritance
belonging to a second son; a property or possession so
inherited.
The kingdom of Naples . . . was constituted a
secundo-geniture of Spain.
Bancroft.
Se*cur"a*ble (?), a. That may
be secured.
Se*cure" (?), a. [L.
securus; pref. se- without +
cura care. See Cure care, and cf.
Sure, a.] 1. Free from
fear, care, or anxiety; easy in mind; not feeling suspicion or
distrust; confident.
But thou, secure of soul, unbent with woes.
DRyden.
2. Overconfident; incautious; careless; -- in a bad
sense.
Macaulay.
3. Confident in opinion; not entertaining, or not
having reason to entertain, doubt; certain; sure; -- commonly
with of; as, secure of a
welcome.
Confidence then bore thee on, secure
Either to meet no danger, or to find
Matter of glorious trial.
Milton.
4. Net exposed to danger; safe; -- applied to
persons and things, and followed by against or
from. \'bdSecure from fortune's
blows.\'b8
Dryden.
Syn. -- Safe; undisturbed; easy; sure; certain; assured;
confident; careless; heedless; inattentive.
Se*cure", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Secured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Securing.] 1. To make
safe; to relieve from apprehensions of, or exposure to, danger;
to guard; to protect.
I spread a cloud before the victor's sight,
Sustained the vanquished, and secured his flight.
Dryden.
2. To put beyond hazard of losing or of not
receiving; to make certain; to assure; to insure; -- frequently
with against or from, rarely with
of; as, to secure a creditor against
loss; to secure a debt by a mortgage.
It secures its possessor of eternal happiness.
T. Dick.
3. To make fast; to close or confine effectually;
to render incapable of getting loose or escaping; as, to
secure a prisoner; to secure a door, or the
hatches of a ship.
4. To get possession of; to make one's self secure
of; to acquire certainly; as, to secure an
estate.
Secure arms (Mil.), a command and a
position in the manual of arms, used in wet weather, the object
being to guard the firearm from becoming wet. The piece is turned
with the barrel to the front and grasped by the right hand at the
lewer band, the muzzle is dropped to the front, and the piece
held with the guard under the right arm, the hand supported
against the hip, and the thumb on the rammer.
Se*cure"ly, adv. In a secure manner;
without fear or apprehension; without danger; safely.
His daring foe . . . securely him defied.
Milton.
Se*cure"ment (?), n. The act of
securing; protection. [R.]
Society condemns the securement in all cases of
perpetual protection by means of perpetual imprisonment.
C. A. Ives.
Se*cure"ness, n. The condition or
quality of being secure; exemption from fear; want of vigilance;
security.
Se*cur"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, secures.
\'d8Sec`u*rif"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., from L. securis an ax + ferre to
bear.] (Zo\'94l.) The Serrifera.
Se*cu"ri*form (?), a. [L.
securis an ax or hatchet + -form: cf. F.
s\'82curiforme.] (Nat. Hist.)
Having the form of an ax hatchet.
Se*cu"ri*palp (?), n. [L.
securis ax, hatchet + E. palp.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of a family of beetles having the
maxillary palpi terminating in a hatchet-shaped joint.
Se*cu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl.
Securities (#). [L.
securitas: cf. F. s\'82curit\'82. See
Secure, and cf. Surety.] 1.
The condition or quality of being secure; secureness.
Specifically: (a) Freedom from apprehension,
anxiety, or care; confidence of power of safety; hence,
assurance; certainty.
His trembling hand had lost the ease,
Which marks security to please.
Sir W. Scott.
(b) Hence, carelessness; negligence;
heedlessness.
He means, my lord, that we are too remiss,
Whilst Bolingbroke, through our security,
Grows strong and great in substance and in power.
Shak.
(c) Freedom from risk; safety.
Give up yourself merely to chance and hazard,
From firm security.
Shak.
Some . . . alleged that we should have no security
for our trade.
Swift.
2. That which secures or makes safe; protection;
guard; defense. Specifically: (a) Something
given, deposited, or pledged, to make certain the fulfillment of
an obligation, the performance of a contract, the payment of a
debt, or the like; surety; pledge.
Those who lent him money lent it on no security but
his bare word.
Macaulay.
(b) One who becomes surety for another, or engages
himself for the performance of another's obligation.
3. An evidence of debt or of property, as a bond, a
certificate of stock, etc.; as, government
securities.
Syn. -- Protection; defense; guard; shelter; safety;
certainty; ease; assurance; carelessness; confidence; surety;
pledge; bail.
Se*dan" (?), n. [Said to be
named from Sedan, in France, where it was first made,
and whence it was introduced into England in the time of King
Charles I.] A portable chair or covered vehicle for
carrying a single person, -- usually borne on poles by two men.
Called also sedan chair.
Se*date" (?), a. [L.
sedatus, p. p. of sedare,
sedatum, to allay, calm, causative of
sedere to sit. See Sit.]
Undisturbed by passion or caprice; calm; tranquil; serene;
not passionate or giddy; composed; staid; as, a
sedate soul, mind, or temper.
Disputation carries away the mind from that calm and
sedate temper which is so necessary to contemplate
truth.
I. Watts.
Whatsoever we feel and know
Too sedate for outward show.
Wordsworth.
Syn. -- Settled; composed; calm; quiet; tranquil; still;
serene; unruffled; undisturbed; conteplative; sober;
serious.
-- Se*date"ly, adv. --
Se*date"ness, n.
Se*da"tion (?), n. [L.
sedatio.] The act of calming, or the state
of being calm. [R.]
Coles.
Sed"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
s\'82datif.] Tending to calm, moderate, or
tranquilize; specifically (Med.), allaying
irritability and irritation; assuaging pain.
Sed"a*tive, n. (Med.) A
remedy which allays irritability and irritation, and irritative
activity or pain.
Se"dent (?), a. [L.
sedens, -entis, p. pr. of sedere
to sit. See Sit.] Sitting; inactive;
quiet. [R.]
Sed"en*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a
sedentary manner.
Sed"en*ta*r*i*ness, n. Quality of being
sedentary.
Sed"en*ta*ry (?), a. [L.
sedentarius, fr. sedere to sit: cf. F.
se\'82dentaire. See Sedent.]
1. Accustomed to sit much or long; as, a
sedentary man. \'bdSedentary,
scholastic sophists.\'b8
Bp. Warburton.
2. Characterized by, or requiring, much sitting;
as, a sedentary employment; a sedentary
life.
Any education that confined itself to sedentary
pursuits was essentially imperfect.
Beaconsfield.
3. Inactive; motionless; sluggish; hence, calm;
tranquil. [R.] \'bdThe sedentary
earth.\'b8
Milton.
The soul, considered abstractly from its passions, is of a
remiss, sedentary nature.
Spectator.
4. Caused by long sitting.
[Obs.] \'bdSedentary numbness.\'b8
Milton.
5. (Zo\'94l.) Remaining in one place,
especially when firmly attached to some object; as, the
oyster is a sedentary mollusk; the barnacles are
sedentary crustaceans.
Sedentary spider (Zo\'94l.), one of
a tribe of spiders which rest motionless until their prey is
caught in their web.
\'d8Se*de"runt (?), n. [L.,
they sat, fr. sedere to sit.] A sitting, as
of a court or other body.
'T is pity we have not Burn's own account of that long
sederunt.
Prof. Wilson.
Acts of sederunt (Scots Law),
ordinances of the Court of Session for the ordering of
processes and expediting of justice.
Bell.
Sedge (?), n. [OE.
segge, AS. secg; akin to LG.
segge; -- probably named from its bladelike
appearance, and akin to L. secare to cut, E.
saw a cutting instrument; cf. Ir. seisg, W.
hesg. Cf. Hassock, Saw the
instrument.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant
of the genus Carex, perennial, endogenous herbs, often
growing in dense tufts in marshy places. They have triangular
jointless stems, a spiked inflorescence, and long grasslike
leaves which are usually rough on the margins and midrib. There
are several hundred species.
Cyperace\'91, which includes
Carex, Cyperus, Scirpus, and
many other genera of rushlike plants.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A flock of herons.
Sedge ken (Zo\'94l.), the clapper
rail. See under 5th Rail. -- Sedge
warbler (Zo\'94l.), a small European singing
bird (Acrocephalus phragmitis). It often builds its
nest among reeds; -- called also sedge bird,
sedge wren, night warbler,
and Scotch nightingale.
Sedged (?), a. Made or composed
of sedge.
With your sedged crowns and ever-harmless
looks.
Shak.
Sedg"y (?), a. Overgrown with
sedge.
On the gentle Severn\'b6s sedgy bank.
Shak.
\'d8Se*dil"i*a (?), n. pl.;
sing. Sedile (. [L.
sedile a seat.] (Arch.) Seats in
the chancel of a church near the altar for the officiating clergy
during intervals of service.
Hook.
Sed"i*ment (?), n. [F.
s\'82diment, L. sedimentum a settling, fr.
sedere to sit, to settle. See Sit.]
1. The matter which subsides to the bottom, frrom
water or any other liquid; settlings; lees; dregs.
2. (Geol.) The material of which
sedimentary rocks are formed.
Sed`i*men"tal (?), a.
Sedimentary.
Sed`i*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
s\'82dimentaire.] Of or pertaining to
sediment; formed by sediment; containing matter that has
subsided.
Sedimentary rocks. (Geol.) See
Aqueous rocks, under Aqueous.
Sed`i*men*ta"tion (?), n. The
act of depositing a sediment; specifically (Geol.),
the deposition of the material of which sedimentary rocks are
formed.
Se*di"tion (?), n. [OE.
sedicioun, OF. sedition, F.
s\'82dition, fr. L. seditio, originally, a
going aside; hence, an insurrectionary separation; pref.
se-, sed-, aside + itio a going,
fr. ire, itum, to go. Cf.
Issue.] 1. The raising of commotion
in a state, not amounting to insurrection; conduct tending to
treason, but without an overt act; excitement of discontent
against the government, or of resistance to lawful
authority.
In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate
The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition.
Shak.
Noisy demagogues who had been accused of
sedition.
Macaulay.
2. Dissension; division; schism.
[Obs.]
Now the works of the flesh are manifest, . . . emulations,
wrath, strife, seditions, heresies.
Gal. v. 19, 20.
Syn. -- Insurrection; tumult; uproar; riot; rebellion;
revolt. See Insurrection.
Se*di"tion*a*ry (?), n. An
inciter or promoter of sedition.
Bp. Hall.
Se*di"tious (?), a.[L.
seditiosus: cf. F. s\'82ditieux.]
1. Of or pertaining to sedition; partaking of the
nature of, or tending to excite, sedition; as,
seditious behavior; seditious strife;
seditious words.
2. Disposed to arouse, or take part in, violent
opposition to lawful authority; turbulent; factious; guilty of
sedition; as, seditious citizens.
-- Se*di"tious*ly, adv. --
Se*di"tious*ness, n.
Sed"litz (?), a. Same as
Seidlitz.
Se*duce" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Seduced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Seducing
(?).] [L. seducere,
seductum; pref. se- aside +
ducere to lead. See Duke.] 1.
To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty in any
manner; to entice to evil; to lead astray; to tempt and lead to
iniquity; to corrupt.
For me, the gold of France did not seduce.
Shak.
2. Specifically, to induce to surrender chastity;
to debauch by means of solicitation.
Syn. -- To allure; entice; tempt; attract; mislead; decoy;
inveigle. See Allure.
Se*duce"ment (?), n. 1.
The act of seducing.
2. The means employed to seduce, as flattery,
promises, deception, etc.; arts of enticing or corrupting.
Pope.
Se*du"cer (?), n. One who, or
that which, seduces; specifically, one who prevails over the
chastity of a woman by enticements and persuasions.
He whose firm faith no reason could remove,
Will melt before that soft seducer, love.
Dryden.
Se*du"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of
being seduced; corruptible.
Se*du"cing (?), a.
Seductive. \'bdThy sweet seducing
charms.\'b8 Cowper. --
Se*du"cing*ly, adv.
Se*duc*tion (?), n. [L.
seductio: cf. F. s\'82duction.
See Seduce.] 1. The act
of seducing; enticement to wrong doing; specifically, the offense
of inducing a woman to consent to unlawful sexual intercourse, by
enticements which overcome her scruples; the wrong or crime of
persuading a woman to surrender her chastity.
2. That which seduces, or is adapted to seduce;
means of leading astray; as, the seductions of
wealth.
Se*duc"tive (?), a. Tending to
lead astray; apt to mislead by flattering appearances; tempting;
alluring; as, a seductive offer.
This may enable us to understand how seductive is
the influence of example.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Se*duc"tive*ly, adv. In a seductive
manner.
Se*duc"tress (?), n. A woman
who seduces.
Se*du"li*ty (?), n. [L.
sedulitas. See Sedulous.] The
quality or state of being sedulous; diligent and assiduous
application; constant attention; unremitting industry;
sedulousness.
The industrious bee, by his sedulity in summer,
lives in honey all the winter.
Feltham.
Sed"u*lous (?), a. [L.
sedulus, perhaps from sedere to sit, and so
akin to E. sit.] Diligent in application or
pursuit; constant, steady, and persevering in business, or in
endeavors to effect an object; steadily industrious; assiduous;
as, the sedulous bee.
What signifies the sound of words in prayer, without the
affection of the heart, and a sedulous application of
the proper means that may naturally lead us to such an end?
L'Estrange.
Syn. -- Assiduous; diligent; industrious; laborious;
unremitting; untiring; unwearied; persevering.
-- Sed"u*lous*ly, adv. --
Sed"u*lous*ness, n.
\'d8Se"dum (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
sedere to sit; so called in allusion to the manner in
which the plants attach themselves to rocks and walls.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants, mostly perennial,
having succulent leaves and cymose flowers; orpine;
stonecrop.
Gray.
See (?), n. [OE. se,
see, OF. se, sed,
sied, fr. L. sedes a seat, or the kindred
sedere to sit. See Sit, and cf.
Siege.] 1. A seat; a site; a place
where sovereign power is exercised. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Jove laughed on Venus from his sovereign see.
Spenser.
2. Specifically: (a) The seat of episcopal
power; a diocese; the jurisdiction of a bishop; as, the
see of New York. (b) The seat of an
archibishop; a province or jurisdiction of an archibishop;
as, an archiepiscopal see. (c) The
seat, place, or office of the pope, or Roman pontiff; as, the
papal see. (d) The pope or his court at
Rome; as, to appeal to the see of Rome.
Apostolic see. See under
Apostolic.
<-- p. 1303 -->
See (?), v. t.
[imp. Saw (?); p.
p. Seen (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Seeing.] [OE. seen,
sen, seon, As. se\'a2n; akin to
OFries. s\'c6a, D. zien, OS. & OHG.
sehan, G. sehen, Icel. sj\'be,
Sw. se, Dan. see, Goth.
sa\'a1hwan, and probably to L. sequi to
follow (and so originally meaning, to follow with the eyes). Gr.
sac
. Cf. Sight,
Sun to follow.] 1. To perceive by
the eye; to have knowledge of the existence and apparent
qualities of by the organs of sight; to behold; to descry; to
view.
I will new turn aside, and see this great
sight.
Ex. iii. 3.
2. To perceive by mental vision; to form an idea or
conception of; to note with the mind; to observe; to discern; to
distinguish; to understand; to comprehend; to ascertain.
Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy
brethren.
Gen. xxxvii. 14.
Jesus saw that he answered discreetly.
Mark xii. 34.
Who 's so gross
That seeth not this palpable device?
Shak.
3. To follow with the eyes, or as with the eyes; to
watch; to regard attentivelly; to look after.
Shak.
I had a mind to see him out, and therefore did not
care for centradicting him.
Addison.
4. To have an interview with; especially, to make a
call upon; to visit; as, to go to see a
friend.
And Samuel came no more to see Saul untill the day
of his death.
1 Sam. xv. 35.
5. To fall in with; to have intercourse or
communication with; hence, to have knowledge or experience of;
as, to see military service.
Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted
us, and the years wherein we have seen evil.
Ps. xc. 15.
Verily, verily, I say unto you, if a man keep my saying, he
shall never see death.
John viii. 51.
Improvement in visdom and prudence by seeing
men.
Locke.
6. To accompany in person; to escort; to wait upon;
as, to see one home; to see one aboard the
cars.
God you (him, , etc.)
see, God keep you (him, me, etc.) in his
sight; God protect you. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- To see (anything)
out, to see (it) to the end; to be present
at, or attend, to the end. -- To see stars,
to see flashes of light, like stars; -- sometimes the result
of concussion of the head. [Colloq.] -- To
see (one) through, to help, watch, or
guard (one) to the end of a course or an undertaking.
See, v. i. 1. To have the power
of sight, or of perceiving by the proper organs; to possess or
employ the sense of vision; as, he sees
distinctly.
Whereas I was blind, now I see.
John ix. 25.
2. Figuratively: To have intellectual apprehension;
to perceive; to know; to understand; to discern; -- often
followed by a preposition, as through, or
into.
For judgment I am come into this world, that they which
see not might see; and that they which
see might be made blind.
John ix. 39.
Many sagacious persons will find us out, . . . and
see through all our fine pretensions.
Tillotson.
3. To be attentive; to take care; to give heed; --
generally with to; as, to see to the
house.
See that ye fall not out by the way.
Gen. xiv. 24.
Let me see, Let us see, are
used to express consideration, or to introduce the particular
consideration of a subject, or some scheme or calculation.
Cassio's a proper man, let me see now, -
To get his place.
Shak.
See is sometimes used in the imperative
for look, or behold. \'bdSee.
see! upon the banks of Boyne he stands.\'b8
Halifax.
To see about a thing, to pay attention to it;
to consider it. -- To see on, to look at.
[Obs.] \'bdShe was full more blissful on to
see.\'b8 Chaucer. -- To see to.
(a) To look at; to behold; to view.
[Obs.] \'bdAn altar by Jordan, a great altar to
see to\'b8 Josh. xxii. 10. (b) To take
care about; to look after; as, to see to a
fire.
Seed (?), n.; pl.
Seed or Seeds (#). [OE.
seed, sed, AS. s, fr.
s\'bewan to sow; akin to D. zaad seed, G.
saat, Icel. s\'be, s,
Goth. manas seed of men. world. See Sow
to scatter seed, and cf. Colza.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) A ripened ovule, consisting
of an embryo with one or more integuments, or coverings; as,
an apple seed; a currant seed. By
germination it produces a new plant. (b) Any
small seedlike fruit, though it may consist of a pericarp, or
even a calyx, as well as the seed proper; as, parsnip
seed; thistle seed.
And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb
yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after
his kind, whose seed is in itself.
Gen. i. 11.
hilum, and the closed orifice of the ovule, the
micropyle.
2. (Physiol.) The generative fluid of
the male; semen; sperm; -- not used in the plural.
3. That from which anything springs; first
principle; original; source; as, the seeds of virtue
or vice.
4. The principle of production.
Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed,
Which may the like in coming ages breed.
Waller.
5. Progeny; offspring; children; descendants;
as, the seed of Abraham; the seed of
David.
6. Race; generation; birth.
Of mortal seed they were not held.
Waller.
Seed bag (Artesian well), a packing
to prevent percolation of water down the bore hole. It consists
of a bag encircling the tubing and filled with flax seed, which
swells when wet and fills the space between the tubing and the
sides of the hole. -- Seed bud (Bot.),
the germ or rudiment of the plant in the embryo state; the
ovule. -- Seed coat (Bot.), the
covering of a seed. -- Seed corn, Seed grain (Bot.), corn or grain
for seed. -- Seed down (Bot.), the
soft hairs on certain seeds, as cotton seed. -- Seed
drill. See 6th Drill, 2 (a). --
Seed eater (Zo\'94l.), any finch of the
genera Sporophila, and Crithagra. They feed
mainly on seeds. -- Seed gall
(Zo\'94l.), any gall which resembles a seed,
formed, on the leaves of various plants, usually by some species
of Phylloxera. -- Seed leaf (Bot.),
a cotyledon. -- Seed lobe (Bot.),
a cotyledon; a seed leaf. -- Seed oil,
oil expressed from the seeds of plants. -- Seed
oyster, a young oyster, especially when of a size
suitable for transplantation to a new locality. -- Seed
pearl, a small pearl of little value. --
Seed plat, Seed plot,
the ground on which seeds are sown, to produce plants for
transplanting; a nursery. -- Seed stalk
(Bot.), the stalk of an ovule or seed; a
funicle. -- Seed tick (Zo\'94l.),
one of several species of ticks resembling seeds in form and
color. -- Seed vessel (Bot.), that
part of a plant which contains the seeds; a pericarp. --
Seed weevil (Zo\'94l.), any one of
numerous small weevels, especially those of the genus
Apion, which live in the seeds of various plants.
-- Seed wool, cotton wool not yet cleansed of its
seeds. [Southern U.S.]
Seed, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Seeded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Seeding.] 1. To sprinkle with
seed; to plant seeds in; to sow; as, to seed a
field.
2. To cover thinly with something scattered; to
ornament with seedlike decorations.
A sable mantle seeded with waking eyes.
B. Jonson.
To seed down, to sow with grass
seed.
Seed"box` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) A capsule. (b) A plant
(Ludwigia alternifolia) which has somewhat cubical or
box-shaped capsules.
Seed"cake` (?), n. A sweet cake
or cooky containing aromatic seeds, as caraway.
Tusser.
Seed"cod` (?), n. A
seedlip. [Prov. Eng.]
Seed"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, sows or plants seed.
Seed`i*ness (?), n. The quality
or state of being seedy, shabby, or worn out; a state of
wretchedness or exhaustion. [Colloq.]
G. Eliot.
What is called seedness, after a debauch, is a
plain proof that nature has been outraged.
J. S. Blackie.
Seed"-lac` (?), n. A species of
lac. See the Note under Lac.
Seed"less, a. Without seed or
seeds.
Seed"ling (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant reared from the seed, as distinguished from one
propagated by layers, buds, or the like.
{ Seed"lip` (?), Seed"lop`
(?), } n. [AS.
s; s seed +
le\'a0p basket.] A vessel in which a sower
carries the seed to be scattered. [Prov. Eng.]
Seed"man (?), See
Seedsman.
Seed"ness, n. Seedtime.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Seeds"man (?), n.; pl.
Seedsmen (. 1. A
sower; one who sows or scatters seed.
The seedsman
Upon the slime and ooze scatters his grain.
Shak.
2. A person who deals in seeds.
Seed"time` (?), n. [AS.
s.] The season proper for
sowing.
While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest,
and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night,
shall not cease.
Gen. viii. 22.
Seed"y (?), a.
[Compar. Seedier (?);
superl. Seediest.] 1.
Abounding with seeds; bearing seeds; having run to
seeds.
2. Having a peculiar flavor supposed to be derived
from the weeds growing among the vines; -- said of certain kinds
of FRench brandy.
3. Old and worn out; exhausted; spiritless; also,
poor and miserable looking; shabily clothed; shabby looking;
as, he looked seedy coat.
[Colloq.]
Little Flanigan here . . . is a little seedy, as we
say among us that practice the law.
Goldsmith.
Seedy toe, an affection of a horse's foot, in
which a cavity filled with horn powder is formed between the
lamin\'91 and the wall of the hoof.
See"ing (?), conj. (but
originally a present participle). In view of the fact
(that); considering; taking into account (that); insmuch as;
since; because; -- followed by a dependent clause; as, he did
well, seeing that he was so young.
Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me?
Gen. xxvi. 27.
Seek (?), a. Sick.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Seek, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sought (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Seeking.] [OE, seken, AS.
s, s; akin to OS.
s, LG. s\'94ken, D.
zoeken, OHG. suohhan, G. suchen,
Icel. s, Sw. s\'94ka, Dan.
s\'94ge, Goth. s, and E.
sake. Cf. Beseech, Ransack,
Sagacious, Sake, Soc.]
1. To go in search of; to look for; to search for;
to try to find.
The man saked him, saying, What seekest thou? And
he said, I seek my brethren.
Gen. xxxvii. 15,16.
2. To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to
bessech.
Others, tempting him, sought of him a sign.
Luke xi. 16.
3. To try to acquire or gain; to strive after; to
aim at; as, to seek wealth or fame; to seek
one's life.
4. To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort
to.
Seek not Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal.
Amos v. 5.
Since great Ulysses sought the Phrygian plains.
Pope.
Seek (?), v. i. To make search
or inquiry: to endeavor to make discovery.
Seek ye out of the book of the Lord, and read.
Isa. xxxiv. 16.
To seek, needing to seek or search; hence,
unpreparated. \'bdUnpracticed, unpreparated, and still
to seek.\'b8 Milton. [Obs] --
To seek after, to make pursuit of; to attempt to
find or take. -- To seek for, to endeavor to
find. -- To seek to, to apply to; to resort
to; to court. [Obs.] \'bdAll the earth sought
to Solomon, to hear his wisdom.\'b8 1. Kings x.
24. -- To seek upon, to make strict
inquiry after; to follow up; to persecute.
[Obs.]
To seek
Upon a man and do his soul unrest.
Chaucer.
Seek"er (?), n. 1. One
who seeks; that which is used in seeking or searching.
2. (Eccl.) One of a small heterogeneous
sect of the 17th century, in Great Britain, who professed to be
seeking the true church, ministry, and sacraments.
A skeptic [is] ever seeking and never finds, like our new
upstart sect of Seekers.
Bullokar.
Seek"-no-fur`ther (?), n. A
kind of choice winter apple, having a subacid taste; -- formerly
called go-no-further.
Seek"-sor`row (?), n. One who
contrives to give himself vexation. [Archaic.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Seel (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Seeled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Seeling.]
[F.siller, ciller, fr. cil
an eyelash, L. cilium.] 1.
(Falconry) To close the eyes of (a hawk or other
bird) by drawing through the lids threads which were fastened
over the head.
Bacon.
Fools climbs to fall: fond hopes, like seeled doves
for want of better light, mount till they end their flight with
falling.
J. Reading.
2. Hence, to shut or close, as the eyes; to
blind.
Come, seeling night,
Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day.
Shak.
Gold death, with a violent fate, his sable eyes did
seel.
Chapman.
Seel, v. i. [Cf. LG. sielen
to lead off water, F. siller to run ahead, to make
headway, E. sile, v.t.] To incline to one
side; to lean; to roll, as a ship at sea.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
{ Seel (?), Seel"ing, }
n. The rolling or agitation of a ship in a
sterm. [Obs.]
Sandys.
Seel, n. [AS. s, from
s good, prosperous. See Silly.]
1. Good fortune; favorable opportunity; prosperity.
[Obs.] \'bdSo have I seel\'b8.
Chaucer.
2. Time; season; as, hay
seel. [Prov. Eng.]
Seel"i*ly (?), adv. In a silly
manner. [Obs.]
Seel"y (?), a. See
Silly. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Seem (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Seemed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Seeming.]
[OE. semen to seem, to become, befit, AS.
s to satisfy, pacify; akin to Icel.
s to honor, to bear with, conform to,
s becoming, fit, s to beseem, to
befit, sama to beseem, semja to arrange,
settle, put right, Goth. samjan to please, and to E.
same. The sense is probably due to the adj.
seemly. Same, a.,
and cf. Seemly.] To appear, or to appear to
be; to have a show or semblance; to present an appearance; to
look; to strike one's apprehension or fancy as being; to be taken
as. \'bdIt now seemed probable.\'b8
Macaulay.
Thou picture of what thou seem'st.
Shak.
All seemed well pleased; all seemed, but
were not all.
Milton.
There is a way which seemeth right unto a man; but
the end thereof are the ways of death.
Prov. xiv. 12.
It seems, it appears; it is understood as
true; it is said.
A prince of Italy, it seems, entertained his
misstress on a great lake.
Addison.
Syn. -- To appear; look. -- Seem,
Appear. To appear has reference to a thing's
being presented to our view; as, the sun appears; to
seem is connected with the idea of
semblance, and usually implies an inference of our
mind as to the probability of a thing's being so; as, a storm
seems to be coming. \'bdThe story appears
to be true,\'b8 means that the facts, as presented, go to show
its truth; \'bdthe story seems to be true,\'b8 means
that it has the semblance of being so, and we infer that it is
true. \'bdHis first and principal care being to appear
unto his people such as he would have them be, and to be such as
he appeared.\'b8 Sir P. Sidney.
Ham. Ay, madam, it is common.
Queen. If it be,
Why seems it so particular with thee?
Ham. Seems, madam! Nay, it is; I know not
\'bdseems.\'b8
Shak.
Seem, v. t. To befit; to beseem.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Seem"er (?), n. One who seems;
one who carries or assumes an appearance or semblance.
Hence shall we see,
If power change purpose, what our seemers be.
Shak.
Seem"ing, a. Having a semblance, whether
with or without reality; apparent; specious; befitting; as,
seeming friendship; seeming truth.
My lord, you have lost a friend indeed;
And I dare swear you borrow not that face
Of seeming sorrow, it is sure your own.
Shak.
Seem"ing, n. 1. Appearance;
show; semblance; fair appearance; speciousness.
These keep
Seeming and savor all the winter long.
Shak.
2. Apprehension; judgment.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Nothing more clear unto their seeming.
Hooker.
His persuasive words, impregned
With reason, to her seeming.
Milton.
Seem"ing*ly, adv. In appearance; in
show; in semblance; apparently; ostensibly.
This the father seemingly complied with.
Addison.
Seem"ing*ness, n. Semblance; fair
appearance; plausibility.
Sir K. Digby.
Seem"less, a. Unseemly.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Seem"li*ly (?), adv. In a
seemly manner. [Obs.]
Seem"li*ness, n. The quality or state of
being seemly: comeliness; propriety.
<-- p. 1304 -->
Seem"ly (?), a.
[Compar.Seemlier (;
superl. Seeliest.] [Icel.
s, fr. s becoming, fit; akin
to samr same, E. same; the sense being
properly, the same or like, hence, fitting. See Seem,
v. i.] Suited to the object, occasion,
purpose, or character; suitable; fit; becoming; comely;
decorous.
He had a seemly nose.
Chaucer.
I am a woman, lacking wit
To make a seemly answer to such persons.
Shak.
Suspense of judgment and exercise of charity were safer and
seemlier for Christian men than the hot pursuit of
these controversies.
Hooker.
Syn. -- Becoming; fit; suitable; proper; appropriate;
congruous; meet; decent; decorous.
Seem"ly (?), adv.
[Compar. Seemlier;
superl. Seemliest.] In a
decent or suitable manner; becomingly.
Suddenly a men before him stood,
Not rustic as before, but seemlier clad,
As one in city or court or place bred.
Milton.
Seem"ly*hed (?), n. [See
-hood.] Comely or decent appearance.
[Obs.]
Rom. of R. Spenser.
Seen (?), p. p. of
See.
Seen, a. Versed; skilled;
accomplished. [Obs.]
Well seen in every science that mote be.
Spenser.
Noble Boyle, not less in nature seen,
Than his great brother read in states and men.
Dryden.
{ Seep (?), Sipe
(?) }, v. i. [AS.
s\'c6pan to distill.] To run or soak
through fine pores and interstices; to ooze. [Scot. &
U. S.]
Water seeps up through the sidewalks.
G. W. Cable.
{ Seep"age (?), Sip"age
}, n. Water that seeped or oozed through a
porous soil. [Scot. & U. S.]
{ Seep"y (?), Sip"y
}, a. Oozy; -- applied to land under
cultivation that is not well drained.
Seer (?), a. Sore;
painful. [Prov. Eng.]
Ray.
Se"er (?), n. One who
sees.
Addison.
Seer (?), n. [From
See.] A person who foresees events; a
prophet.
Milton.
Seer"ess, n. A female seer; a
prophetess.
Seer"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A scombroid food fish of Maderia
(Cybium Commersonii).
Seer"hand (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A kind of muslin of a texture between
nainsook and mull.
Seer"ship, n. The office or quality of a
seer.
Seer"suck`er (?), n. A light
fabric, originally made in the East Indies, of silk and linen,
usually having alternating stripes, and a slightly craped or
puckered surface; also, a cotton fabric of similar
appearance.
Seer"wood` (?), n. [See
Sear.] Dry wood. [Written also
searwood.] [Obs.]
Dryden.
See"saw` (?), n. [Probably a
reduplication of saw, to express the alternate motion
to and fro, as in the act of sawing.] 1. A
play among children in which they are seated upon the opposite
ends of a plank which is balanced in the middle, and move
alternately up and down.
2. A plank or board adjusted for this play.
3. A vibratory or reciprocating motion.
He has been arguing in a circle; there is thus a
seesaw between the hypothesis and fact.
Sir W. Hamilton.
4. (Whist.) Same as
Crossruff.
See"saw`, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Seesawad (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Seesawing.] To move with a
reciprocating motion; to move backward and forward, or upward and
downward.
See"saw`, v. t. To cause to move
backward and forward in seesaw fashion.
He seesaws himself to and fro.
Ld. Lytton.
See"saw`, a. Moving up and down, or to
and fro; having a reciprocating motion.
Seet (?), obs. imp.
of Sit. Sate; sat.
Chaucer.
Seeth (?), obs.
imp. of Seethe.
Chaucer.
Seethe (?), v. t.
[imp. Seethed (?)
(Sod (, obs.); p.
p. Seethed, Sodden (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Seething.]
[OE. sethen, AS. se\'a2; akin to
D. sieden, OHG. siodan, G.
sieden, Icel. sj, Sw.
sjuda, Dan. syde, Goth. saubs a
burnt offering. Cf. Sod, n., Sodden,
Suds.] To decoct or prepare for food in hot
liquid; to boil; as, to seethe flesh.
[Written also seeth.]
Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the
sons of the prophets.
2 Kings iv. 38.
Seethe, v. i. To be a state of
ebullition or violent commotion; to be hot; to boil.
1 Sam. ii. 13.
A long Pointe, round which the Mississippi used to whirl, and
seethe, and foam.
G. W. Cable.
Seeth"er (?), n. A pot for
boiling things; a boiler.
Like burnished gold the little seether shone.
Dryden.
Seg (?), n. [See
Sedge.] (Bot.) 1.
Sedge. [Obs.]
2. The gladen, and other species of Iris.
Prior.
Seg, n. [Probably from the root of L.
secare to cut.] A castrated bull.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Halliwell.
Se*gar" (?), n. See
Cigar.
Seg"gar (?), n. [Prov. E.
saggard a seggar, seggard a sort of riding
surtout, contr. fr. safeguard.] A case or
holder made of fire clay, in which fine pottery is inclosed while
baking in the kin. [Written also saggar,
sagger, and segger.]
Ure.
Segge (?), n. (Zo\'94l.The
hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Seg"ment (?), n. [L.
segmentum, fr. secare to cut, cut off: cf.
F. segment. See Saw a cutting
instrument.] 1. One of the parts into which
any body naturally separates or is divided; a part divided or cut
off; a section; a portion; as, a segment of an
orange; a segment of a compound or divided
leaf.
2. (Geom.) A part cut off from a figure
by a line or plane; especially, that part of a circle contained
between a chord and an arc of that circle, or so much of the
circle as is cut off by the chord; as, the segment
acb in the Illustration.
3. (Mach.) (a) A piece in the
form of the sector of a circle, or part of a ring; as, the
segment of a sectional fly wheel or flywheel
rim. (b) A segment gear.
4. (Biol.) (a) One of the cells
or division formed by segmentation, as in egg cleavage or in
fissiparous cell formation. (b) One of the
divisions, rings, or joints into which many animal bodies are
divided; a somite; a metamere; a somatome.
Segment gear, a piece for receiving or
communicating reciprocating motion from or to a cogwheel,
consisting of a sector of a circular gear, or ring, having cogs
on the periphery, or face. -- Segment of a line,
the part of a line contained between two points on it.
-- Segment of a sphere, the part of a sphere cut
off by a plane, or included between two parallel planes. --
Ventral segment. (Acoustics) See
Loor, n., 5.
Seg"ment (?), v. i.
(Biol.) To divide or separate into parts in
growth; to undergo segmentation, or cleavage, as in the
segmentation of the ovum.
Seg*men"tal (?), a. 1.
Relating to, or being, a segment.
2. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) (a) Of or
pertaining to the segments of animals; as, a
segmental duct; segmental
papill\'91. (b) Of or pertaining to the
segmental organs.
Segmental duct (Anat.), the
primitive duct of the embryonic excretory organs which gives rise
to the Wolffian duct and ureter; the pronephric duct. --
Segmental organs. (a) (Anat.)
The embryonic excretory organs of vertebrates, consisting
primarily of the segmental tubes and segmental ducts.
(b) (Zo\'94l.) The tubular excretory
organs, a pair of which often occur in each of several segments
in annelids. They serve as renal organs, and often, also, as
oviducts and sperm ducts. See Illust. under
Sipunculacea. -- Segmental tubes
(Anat.), the tubes which primarily open into the
segmental duct, some of which become the urinary tubules of the
adult.
Seg`men*ta"tion (?), n. The act
or process of dividing into segments; specifically
(Biol.), a self-division into segments as a result of
growth; cell cleavage; cell multiplication; endogenous cell
formation.
Segmentation cavity (Biol.), the
cavity formed by the arrangement of the cells in segmentation or
cleavage of the ovum; the cavity of the blastosphere. In the
gastrula stage, the segmentation cavity in which the mesoblast is
formed lies between the entoblast and ectoblast. See Illust. of
Invagination. -- Segmentation nucleus
(Biol.), the body formed by fusion of the male and
female pronucleus in an impregnated ovum. See the Note under
Pronucleus. -- Segmentation of the
ovum, Egg cleavage
(Biol.), the process by which the embryos of all
the higher plants and animals are derived from the germ cell. In
the simplest case, that of small ova destitute of food yolk, the
ovum or egg divides into two similar halves or segments
(blastomeres), each of these again divides into two, and so on,
thus giving rise to a mass of cells (mulberry mass, or
morula), all equal and similar, from the growth and
development of which the future animal is to be formed. This
constitutes regular segmentation. Quite frequently,
however, the equality and regularity of cleavage is interfered
with by the presence of food yolk, from which results
unequal segmentation. See Holoblastic,
Meroblastic, Alecithal,
Centrolecithal, Ectolecithal, and
Ovum. -- Segmentation sphere
(Biol.), the blastosphere, or morula. See
Morula.
Seg"ment*ed (?), a. Divided
into segments or joints; articulated.
{ Seg"ni*tude (?), Seg"ni*ty
(?) }, n. [L. segnitas,
fr. segnis slow, sluggish.] Sluggishness;
dullness; inactivity. [Obs.]
\'d8Se"gno (?), n. [It. See
Sign.] (Mus.) A sign. See Al
segno, and Dal segno.
Se"go (?), n. (Bot.)
A liliaceous plant (Calochortus Nuttallii) of
Western North America, and its edible bulb; -- so called by the
Ute Indians and the Mormons.
Seg"re*gate (?), a. [L.
segregatus, p. p. of segregare to separate;
pref. se- aside + grex, gregis,
a flock or herd. See Gregarious.] 1.
Separate; select.
2. (Bot.) Separated from others of the
same kind.
Seg"re*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Segregated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Segregating.] To separate from others;
to set apart.
They are still segregated, Christians from
Christians, under odious designations.
I. Taylor.
Seg"re*gate, v. i. (Geol.) To
separate from a mass, and collect together about centers or along
lines of fracture, as in the process of crystallization or
solidification.
Seg`re*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
segregatio: cf. F.
s\'82gr\'82gation.] 1. The act of
segregating, or the state of being segregated; separation from
others; a parting.
2. (Geol.) Separation from a mass, and
gathering about centers or into cavities at hand through cohesive
attraction or the crystallizing process.
\'d8Seiches (?), n. pl.
[F.] (Geol.) Local oscillations in
level observed in the case of some lakes, as Lake Geneva.
Seid (?), n. [Ar
seyid prince.] A descendant of Mohammed
through his daughter Fatima and nephew Ali.
Seid"litz (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Seidlitz, a village in Bohemia.
[Written also Sedlitz.]
Seidlitz powders, effervescing salts,
consisting of two separate powders, one of which contains forty
grains of sodium bicarbonate mixed with two drachms of RochellRochelle powders. --
Seidlitz water, a natural water from Seidlitz,
containing magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium sulphates,
with calcium carbonate and a little magnesium chloride. It is
used as an aperient.
Seigh (?), obs. imp. sing. of
See. Saw.
Chaucer.
Seign*eu"ri*al (?), a. [F., fr.
seigneur. See Seignior.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the lord of a manor; manorial.
Sir W. Temple.
2. Vested with large powers; independent.
Seign"ior (?), n. [OF.
seignor, F. seigneur, cf. It.
signore, Sp. se\'a4or from an objective
case of L. senier elder. See Senior.]
1. A lord; the lord of a manor.
2. A title of honor or of address in the South of
Europe, corresponding to Sir or Mr. in
English.
Grand Seignior, the sultan of
Turkey.
Seign"ior*age (?), n. [F.
seigneuriage, OF. seignorage.]
1. Something claimed or taken by virtue of
sovereign prerogative; specifically, a charge or toll deducted
from bullion brought to a mint to be coined; the difference
between the cost of a mass of bullion and the value as money of
the pieces coined from it.
If government, however, throws the expense of coinage, as is
reasonable, upon the holders, by making a charge to cover the
expense (which is done by giving back rather less in coin than
has been received in bullion, and is called \'bdlevying a
seigniorage\'b8), the coin will rise to the extent of
the seigniorage above the value of the bullion.
J. S. Mill.
2. A share of the receipts of a business taken in
payment for the use of a right, as a copyright or a patent.
Seign"ior*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a seignior; seigneurial. \'bdKingly or
seignioral patronage.\'b8
Burke.
Seign"ior*al*ty (?), n. The
territory or authority of a seignior, or lord.
Milman.
Seign*io"ri*al (?), a. Same as
Seigneurial.
Seign"ior*ize (?), v. t. To
lord it over. [Obs.]
As proud as he that seigniorizeth hell.
Fairfax.
Seign"ior*y (?), n.; pl.
-ies (#). [OE.
seignorie, OF. seigneurie, F.
seigneurie; cf. It. signoria.]
1. The power or authority of a lord;
dominion.
O'Neal never had any seigniory over that country
but what by encroachment he got upon the English.
Spenser.
2. The territory over which a lord holds
jurisdiction; a manor. [Written also
seigneury, and seignory.]
Seine (?), n. [F.
seine, or AS. segene, bsagena, Gr. (Fishing.)
A large net, one edge of which is provided with sinkers, and
the other with floats. It hangs vertically in the water, and when
its ends are brought together or drawn ashore incloses the
fish.
Seine boat, a boat specially constructed to
carry and pay out a seine.
Sein"er (?), n. One who fishes
with a seine.
Sein"ing, n. Fishing with a seine.
Seint (?), n. [See
Cincture.] A girdle.
[Obs.] \'bdGirt with a seint of silk.\'b8
Chaucer.
Seint, n. A saint.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sein"tu*a*ry (?), n.
Sanctuary. [Obs.]
Seir"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Seerfish.
Sei"ro*spore (?), n. [Gr.
spore.] (Bot.)
One of several spores arranged in a chain as in certain
alg\'91 of the genus Callithamnion.
Seise (?), v. t. See
Seize.
Spenser.
to be seised of (an estate).
Sei"sin (?), n. See
Seizin.
Spenser.
{ Seis"mic (?), Seis"mal
(?), } a. [Gr. Of or pertaining
to an earthquake; caused by an earthquake.
Seismic vertical, the point upon the earth's
surface vertically over the center of effort or focal point
whence the earthquake's impulse proceeds, or the vertical line
connecting these two points.
Seis"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr.
-graph.]
(Physics) An apparatus for registering the shocks
and undulatory motions of earthquakes.
Seis`mo*graph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a seismograph; indicated by a seismograph.
Seis*mog"ra*phy (?), n. 1.
A writing about, or a description of, earthquakes.
2. The art of registering the shocks and undulatory
movements of earthquakes.
Seis`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to seismology. --
Seis`mo*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Seis*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy.] The
science of earthquakes.
Seis*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
-meter.]
(Physics) An instrument for measuring the
direction, duration, and force of earthquakes and like
concussions.
Seis`mo*met"ric (?), a. Of or
pertaining to seismometry, or seismometer; as,
seismometric instruments; seismometric
measurements.
Seis*mom"e*try (?), n. The
mensuration of such phenomena of earthquakes as can be expressed
in numbers, or by their relation to the co\'94rdinates of
space.
Seis"mo*scope (?), n. [Gr.
-scope.]
(Physics) A seismometer.
Se"i*ty (?), n. [L.
se one's self.] Something peculiar to one's
self. [R.]
Tatler.
Seiz"a*ble (?), a. That may be
seized.
Seize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Seized (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Seizing.]
[OE. seisen, saisen, OF.
seisir, saisir, F. saisir, of
Teutonic origin, and akin to E. set. The meaning is
properly, to set, put, place, hence, to put in possession of. See
Set, v. t.] 1. To fall or
rush upon suddenly and lay hold of; to gripe or grasp suddenly;
to reach and grasp.
For by no means the high bank he could seize.
Spenser.
Seek you to seize and gripe into your hands
The royalties and rights of banished Hereford?
Shak.
<-- p. 1305 -->
2. To take possession of by force.
At last they seize
The scepter, and regard not David's sons.
Milton.
3. To invade suddenly; to take sudden hold of; to
come upon suddenly; as, a fever seizes a
patient.
Hope and deubt alternate seize her seul.
Pope.
4. (law) To take possession of by virtue
of a warrant or other legal authority; as, the sheriff
seized the debtor's goods.
5. To fasten; to fix. [Obs.]
As when a bear hath seized her cruel claws
Upon the carcass of some beast too weak.
Spenser.
6. To grap with the mind; to comprehend fully and
distinctly; as, to seize an idea.
7. (Naut.) To bind or fasten together
with a lashing of small stuff, as yarn or marline; as, to
seize ropes.
seise, in the phrase to be seised of (an
estate), as also, in composition, disseise,
disseisin.
To be seized of, to have possession, or right
of possession; as, A B was seized and possessed
of the manor of Dale. \'bdWhom age might see
seized of what youth made prize.\'b8 Chapman.
-- To seize on upon,
to fall on and grasp; to take hold on; to take possession of
suddenly and forcibly.
Syn. -- To catch; grasp; clutch; snatch; apprehend; arrest;
take; capture.
Seiz"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, seizes.
Sei"zin (?), n. [F.
saisine. See Seize.] 1.
(Law) Possession; possession of an estate of
froehold. It may be either in deed or in
law; the former when there is actual possession, the
latter when there is a right to such possession by construction
of law. In some of the United States seizin means
merely ownership.
Burrill.
2. The act of taking possession.
[Obs.]
3. The thing possessed; property.
Sir M. Halle.
seisin.
Livery of seizin. (Eng. Law) See
Note under Livery, 1.
Seiz"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of taking or grasping suddenly.
2. (Naut.) (a) The operation of
fastening together or lashing. (b) The cord
or lashing used for such fastening.
Sei"zor (?), n. (Law)
One who seizes, or takes possession.
Sei"zure (?), n. 1.
The act of seizing, or the state of being seized; sudden and
violent grasp or gripe; a taking into possession; as, the
seizure of a thief, a property, a throne, etc.
2. Retention within one's grasp or power; hold;
possession; ownership.
Make o'er thy honor by a deed of trust,
And give me seizure of the mighty wealth.
Dryden.
3. That which is seized, or taken possession of; a
thing laid hold of, or possessed.
{ Se"jant, Se"jeant } (?),
a. [F. s\'82ant, p. pr. of
seoir to sit, L. sedere.]
(Her.) Sitting, as a lion or other beast.
Sejant rampant, sitting with the forefeet
lifted up.
Wright.
Se*jein" (?), v. t. [L.
sejungere; pref. se- aside +
jungere to join. See Join.] To
separate. [Obs.]
Se*junc"tion (?), n. [L.
sejunctio. See Sejoin.] The act of
disjoining, or the state of being disjoined.
[Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.
Se*jun"gi*ble (?), a. [See
Sejoin.] Capable of being disjoined.
[Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.
Seke (?), a. Sick.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Seke (?), v. t. & i. To
seek. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Se"kes (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
(Arch.) A place in a pagan temple in which the
images of the deities were inclosed.
Se*la"chi*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Selachii. See
Illustration in Appendix.
\'d8Se*la"chi*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
elasmobranchs including the sharks and rays; the Plagiostomi.
Called also Selacha,
Selache, and
Selachoidei.
\'d8Sel`a*choi"de*i (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Selachii, and -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Selachii.
\'d8Sel`a*chos"to*mi (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Selachii, and Stoma.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ganoid fishes which
includes the paddlefish, in which the mouth is armed with small
teeth.
\'d8Sel`a*gi*nel"la (?), n.
[NL., fr. L. selago, -inis, a kind of
plant.] (Bot.) A genus of cryptogamous
plants resembling Lycopodia, but producing two kinds of spores;
also, any plant of this genus. Many species are cultivated in
conservatories.
Se"lah (?), n. [Heb.
sel\'beh.] (Script.) A word of
doubtful meaning, occuring frequently in the Psalms; by some,
supposed to signify silence or a pause in the musical performance
of the song.
Beyond the fact that Selach is a musical term, we
know absolutely nothing about it.
Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)
Sel"couth (?), n. [AS.
selc, seldc; seld
rare + c known. See Uncouth.]
Rarely known; unusual; strange. [Obs.]
[She] wondered much at his so selcouth case.
Spenser.
Seld (?), a. [See
Seldom.] Rare; uncommon; unusual.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Seld, adv. Rarely; seldom.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sel"den (?), adv. Seldom.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sel"dem (?), adv.
[Usually, compar. More seldom
(; superl. Most seldom
(; but sometimes also, Seldomer
(, Seldomest.] [AS.
seldan, seldon, seldum, fr.
seld rare; akin to OFries. sielden, D.
zelden, G. selten, OHG. seltan,
Icel. sjaldan, Dan. sielden, Sw.
s\'84llan, Goth. sildaleiks
marvelous.] Rarely; not often; not frequently.
Wisdom and youth are seldom joined in one.
Hooker.
Sel"dom (?), a. Rare;
infrequent. [Archaic.] \'bdA suppressed and
seldom anger.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Sel"dom*ness, n. Rareness.
Hooker.
Seld"seen` (?), a. [AS.
seldsiene.] Seldom seen.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Seld"shewn` (?), a.
[Seld + shown.] Rarely
shown or exhibited. [Obs.]
Shak.
Se*lect" (?), a. [L.
selectus, p. p. of seligere to select;
pref. se- aside + levere to gather. See
Legend.] Taken from a number by preferance;
picked out as more valuable or exellent than others; of special
value or exellence; nicely chosen; selected; choice.
A few select spirits had separated from the crowd,
and formed a fit audience round a far greater teacher.
Macaulay.
Se*lect", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Selected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Selecting.] To choose and take from a
number; to take by preference from among others; to pick out; to
cull; as, to select the best authors for
perusal. \'bdOne peculiar nation to
select.\'b8
Milton.
The pious chief . . .
A hundred youths from all his train selects.
Dryden.
Se*lect"ed*ly, adv. With care and
selection. [R.]
Se*lec"tion (?), n. [L.
selectio: cf. F. s\'82lection.] .
The act of selecting, or the state of being selected;
choice, by preference.
2. That which is selected; a collection of things
chosen; as, a choice selection of books.
Natural selection. (Biol.) See
under Natural.
Se*lect"ive (?), a. Selecting;
tending to select.
This selective providence of the Almighty.
Bp. Hall.
Se*lect"man (?), n.; pl.
Selectmen (. One of a board of
town officers chosen annually in the New England States to
transact the general public business of the town, and have a kind
of executive authority. The number is usually from three to seven
in each town.
The system of delegated town action was then, perhaps, the
same which was defined in an \'bdorder made in 1635 by the
inhabitants of Charlestown at a full meeting for the government
of the town, by selectmen;\'b8 the name presently
extended throughout New England to municipal governors.
Palfrey.
Se*lect"ness, n. The quality or state of
being select.
Se*lect"or (?), n. [L.]
One who selects.
Sel"e*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of selenic acid; -- formerly
called also seleniate.
Sel`en*hy"dric (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating,
hydrogen selenide, H2Se, regarded as an acid
analogous to sulphydric acid.
Se*len"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
s\'82l\'82nique.] (Chem.) Of or
pertaining to selenium; derived from, or containing, selenium;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the element
has a higher valence as contrasted with selenious
compounds.
Sel"e*nide (?), n.
(Chem.) A binary compound of selenium, or a
compound regarded as binary; as, ethyl
selenide.
Sel`e*nif"er*ous (?), a.
[Selenium + -ferous. ]
Containing, or impregnated with, selenium; as,
seleniferous pyrites.
Se*le"ni*o- (. (Chem.) A
combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence
of selenium or its compounds; as,
selenio-phosphate, a phosphate having selenium in place
of all, or a part, of the oxygen.
Se*le"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
s\'82l\'82nieux.] (Chem.) Of,
pertaining to, or containing, selenium; specifically, designating
those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as
contrasted with selenic compounds.
Sel"e*nite (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of selenious acid.
Sel"e*nite, n. [L. selenites,
Gr. (Min.) A variety of gypsum, occuring
in transparent crystals or crystalline masses.
{ Sel`e*nit"ic (?),
Sel`e*nit"ic*al (?), } a.
(Min.) Of or pertaining to selenite; resembling
or containing selenite.
Se*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from
Gr. tellurium (from L. tellus the earth),
being, as it were, a companion to it.] (Chem.)
A nonmetallic element of the sulphur group, and analogous to
sulphur in its compounds. It is found in small quantities with
sulphur and some sulphur ores, and obtained in the free state as
a dark reddish powder or crystalline mass, or as a dark
metallic-looking substance. It exhibits under the action of light
a remarkable variation in electric conductivity, and is used in
certain electric apparatus. Symbol Se. Atomic weight 78.9.
Sel`e*ni"u*ret (?), n.
(CHem.) A selenide. [Obs.]
Sel`e*ni"u*ret`ed (?), a.
(Chem.) Combined with selenium as in a selenide;
as, seleniureted hydrogen.
[Written also seleniuretted.]
[Obsoles.]
Se*le`ne*cen"tric (?), a. [Gr.
centric.]
(Astron.) As seen or estimated from the center of
the moon; with the moon central.
Se*le"no*graph (?), n. A picture or
delineation of the moon's surface, or of any part of it.
Sel`e*nog"ra*pher (?), n. One
skilled in selenography.
Wright.
{ Sel`e*no*graph"ic (?),
Sel`e*no*graph"i*cal (?), } a.
[Cf. F. s\'82l\'82nographique.] Of or
pertaining to selenography.
Sel`e*nog"ra*phist (?), n. A
selenographer.
Sel`e*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy.] The science
that treats of the physical features of the moon; --
corresponding to physical geography in respect to the
earth. \'bdAccurate selenography, or description
of the moon.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Sel`e*no"ni*um (?), n.
[Selenium + sulphonium.]
(Chem.) A hypothetical radical of selenium,
analogous to sulphonium. [R.]
Sel`e*nol"o*gy, n. [Gr.-logy.] That branch of astronomy
which treats of the moon. --
Sel`e*no*log"i*cal (#),
a.
Self (?), a. [AS.
self, seolf, sylf; akin to OS.
self, OFries. self, D. zelf, G.
selb, selber, selbst, Dan.
selv. Sw. sjelf, Icel.
sj\'belfr, Goth. silba. Cf.
Selavage.] Same; particular; very;
identical. [Obs., except in the compound
selfsame.] \'bdOn these self hills.\'b8
Sir. W. Raleigh.
To shoot another arrow that self way
Which you did shoot the first.
Shak.
At that self moment enters Palamon.
Dryden.
Self, n.; pl. Selves
(. 1. The individual as the
object of his own reflective consciousness; the man viewed by his
own cognition as the subject of all his mental phenomena, the
agent in his own activities, the subject of his own feelings, and
the possessor of capacities and character; a person as a distinct
individual; a being regarded as having personality.
\'bdThose who liked their real selves.\'b8
Addison.
A man's self may be the worst fellow to converse
with in the world.
Pope.
The self, the I, is recognized in every act of
intelligence as the subject to which that act belongs. It is I
that perceive, I that imagine, I that remember, I that attend, I
that compare, I that feel, I that will, I that am conscious.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. Hence, personal interest, or love of private
interest; selfishness; as, self is his whole
aim.
3. Personification; embodiment.
[Poetic.]
She was beauty's self.
Thomson.
Self is united to certain personal
pronouns and pronominal adjectives to express emphasis or
distinction. Thus, for emphasis; I myself will write;
I will examine for myself; thou thyself
shalt go; thou shalt see for thyself; you
yourself shall write; you shall see for
yourself; he himself shall write; he shall
examine for himself; she herself shall
write; she shall examine for herself; the child
itself shall be carried; it shall be present
itself. It is also used reflexively; as, I abhor
myself; thou enrichest thyself; he loves
himself; she admires herself; it pleases
itself; we walue ourselves; ye hurry
yourselves; they see themselves.
Himself, herself, themselves,
are used in the nominative case, as well as in the objective.
\'bdJesus himself baptized not, but his disciples.\'b8
John iv. 2.
Self is used in the formation of
innumerable compounds, usually of obvious signification, in most
of which it denotes either the agent or the object of the action
expressed by the word with which it is joined, or the person in
behalf of whom it is performed, or the person or thing to, for,
or towards whom or which a quality, attribute, or feeling
expressed by the following word belongs, is directed, or is
exerted, or from which it proceeds; or it denotes the subject of,
or object affected by, such action, quality, attribute, feeling,
or the like; as, self-abandoning,
self-abnegation, self-abhorring,
self-absorbed, self-accusing,
self-adjusting, self-balanced,
self-boasting, self-canceled,
self-combating, self-commendation,
self-condemned, self-conflict,
self-conquest, self-constituted,
self-consumed, self-contempt,
self-controlled, self-deceiving,
self-denying, self-destroyed,
self-disclosure, self-display,
self-dominion, self-doomed,
self-elected, self-evolved,
self-exalting, self-excusing,
self-exile, self-fed,
self-fulfillment, self-governed,
self-harming, self-helpless,
self-humiliation, self-idolized,
self-inflicted, self-improvement,
self-instruction, self-invited,
self-judging, self-justification,
self-loathing, self-loving,
self-maintenance, self-mastered,
self-nourishment, self-perfect,
self-perpetuation, self-pleasing,
self-praising, self-preserving,
self-questioned, self-relying,
self-restraining, self-revelation,
self-ruined, self-satisfaction,
self-support, self-sustained,
self-sustaining, self-tormenting,
self-troubling, self-trust,
self-tuition, self-upbraiding,
self-valuing, self-worshiping, and many
others.
Self`-a*based" (?), a. Humbled
by consciousness of inferiority, unworthiness, guilt, or
shame.
Self`-a*base"ment (?), n.
1. Degradation of one's self by one's own
act.
2. Humiliation or abasement proceeding from
consciousness of inferiority, guilt, or shame.
Self`-a*bas"ing, a. Lowering or humbling
one's self.
Self`-ab*hor"rence (?), n.
Abhorrence of one's self.
Self`-ab`ne*ga"tion (?), n.
Self-denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.
Self`-abuse" (?), n. 1.
The abuse of one's own self, powers, or faculties.
2. Self-deception; delusion.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. Masturbation; onanism; self-pollution.
Self"-ac*cused" (?), a. Accused
by one's self or by one's conscience. \'bdDie
self-accused.\'b8
Cowper.
Self`-act"ing (?), a. Acting of
or by one's self or by itself; -- said especially of a machine or
mechanism which is made to perform of or for itself what is
usually done by human agency; automatic; as, a
self-acting feed apparatus; a self-acting mule;
a self-acting press.
Self`-ac"tion (?), n. Action
by, or originating in, one's self or itself.
Self`-ac"tive (?), a. Acting of
one's self or of itself; acting without depending on other
agents.
Self`-ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being self-active; self-action.
Self`-ad*just"ing (?), a.
(Mach.) Capable of assuming a desired position or
condition with relation to other parts, under varying
circumstances, without requiring to be adjusted by hand; -- said
of a piece in machinery.
Self-adjusting bearing (Shafting),
a bearing which is supported in such a manner that it may tip
to accomodate flexure or displacement of the shaft.
Self`-ad`mi*ra"tion (?), n.
Admiration of one's self.
Self`-af*fairs" (?), n. pl.
One's own affairs; one's private business.
[Obs.]
Shak.
<-- p. 1306 -->
Self`-af*fright"ed (?), a.
Frightened at or by one's self.
Shak.
Self`-ag*gran"dize*ment (?), n.
The aggrandizement of one's self.
Self`-an*ni"hi*la`ted (?), a.
Annihilated by one's self.
Self`-an*ni`hi*la"tion (?), n.
Annihilation by one's own acts; annihilation of one's
desires.
Addison.
Self`-ap*plause" (?), n.
Applause of one's self.
Self`-ap*ply"ing (?), a.
Applying to or by one's self.
Self`-ap*prov"ing (?), a.
Approving one's own action or character by one's own
judgment.
One self-approving hour whole years outweighs
Of stupid starers and of loud huzzas.
Pope.
Self`-as*sert"ing (?), a.
asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims; hence,
putting one's self forward in a confident or assuming
manner.
Self`-as*ser"tion (?), n. The
act of asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims; the
quality of being self-asserting.
Self`-as*sert"ive (?), a.
Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.
Self`-as*sumed` (?), a. Assumed
by one's own act, or without authority.
Self`-as*sured` (?), a. Assured
by or of one's self; self-reliant; complacent.
Self`-ban"ished (?), a. Exiled
voluntarily.
Self"-be*get"ten (?), a.
Begotten by one's self, or one's own powers.
Self"-bern` (?), a. Born or
produced by one's self.
{ Self`-cen"tered, Self`-cen"tred }
(?), a. Centered in itself, or in one's
self.\'3c-- of people? --\'3e
There hangs the ball of earth and water mixt,
Self-centered and unmoved.
Dryden.
{ Self`-cen"ter*ing (?),
Self`-cen"tring (?) } a.
Centering in one's self.
Self`-cen*tra"tion (?), n. The
quality or state of being self-centered.
Self`-char"i*ty (?), n.
Self-love. [Obs.]
Shak.
Self"-col`or (?), n. A color
not mixed or variegated.
Self`-cel"ored (?), a. Being of
a single color; -- applied to flowers, animals, and textile
fabrics.
Self`-com*mand" (?), n. Control
over one's own feelings, temper, etc.; self-control.
Self`-com*mune" (?), n.
Self-communion. [R.]
Self`-com*mu"ni*ca*tive (?), a.
Imparting or communicating by its own powers.
Self`-com*mun"ion (?), n.
Communion with one's self; thoughts about one's self.
Self`-com*pla"cen*cy (?), n.
The quality of being self-complacent.
J. Foster.
Self`0com*pla"cent (?), a.
Satisfied with one's own character, capacity, and doings;
self-satisfied.
Self`-con*ceit" (?), n. Conceit
of one's self; an overweening opinion of one's powers or
endowments.
Syn. -- See Egotism.
Self`-con*ceit"ed, a. Having an
overweening opinion of one's own powers, attainments; vain;
conceited. -- Self`-con*ceit"ed*ness,
n.
Self`-con*cern" (?), n. Concern
for one's self.
Self`-con`dem*na"tion (?), n.
Condemnation of one's self by one's own judgment.
Self`-con"fi*dence (?), n. The
quality or state of being self-confident; self-reliance.
A feeling of self-confidence which supported and
sustained him.
Beaconsfield.
Self`-con"fi*dent (?), a.
Confident of one's own strength or powers; relying on one's
judgment or ability; self-reliant. --
Self`-con"fi*dent*ly,
adv.
Self`-con"ju*gate (?), a.
(Geom.) Having the two things that are conjugate
parts of the same figure; as, self-conjugate
triangles.
Self`-con"scious (?), a. 1.
Conscious of one's acts or state as belonging to, or
originating in, one's self. \'bdMy
self-conscious worth.\'b8
Dryden.
2. Conscious of one's self as an object of the
observation of others; as, the speaker was too
self-conscious.
Self`-con"scious*ness, n. The quality or
state of being self-conscious.
Self`-con*sid"er*ing (?), a.
Considering in one's own mind; deliberating.
Pope.
Self`-con*sist"en*cy (?), n.
The quality or state of being self-consistent.
Self`-ccon*sist"ent (?), a.
Consistent with one's self or with itself; not deviation
from the ordinary standard by which the conduct is guided;
logically consistent throughout; having each part consistent with
the rest.
Self`-con*sum"ing (?), a.
Consuming one's self or itself.
Self`-con*tained" (?), a.
1. Having self-control; reserved; uncommunicative;
wholly engrossed in one's self.
2. (Mach.) Having all the essential
working parts connected by a bedplate or framework, or contained
in a case, etc., so that mutual relations of the parts do not
depend upon fastening outside of the machine itself.
Self-contained steam engine. (a) A
steam engine having both bearings for the crank shaft attached to
the frame of the engine. (b) A steam engine and
boiler combined and fastened together; a portable steam
engine.
Self`-con`tra*dic"tion (?), n.
The act of contradicting one's self or itself; repugnancy in
conceptions or in terms; a proposition consisting of two members,
one of which contradicts the other; as, to be and not to be
at the same time is a self-contradiction.
Self`-con`tra*dict"o*ry (?), a.
Contradicting one's self or itself.
Self`-con*trol" (?), n. Control
of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self;
self-command.
Self`-con*vict"ed (?), a.
Convicted by one's own consciousness, knowledge, avowal, or
acts.
Self`-con*vic"tion (?), n. The
act of convicting one's self, or the state of being
self-convicted.
Self`-cre*at"ed (?), a. Created
by one's self; not formed or constituted by another.
Self`-cul"ture (?), n. Culture,
training, or education of one's self by one's own efforts.
Self`-de*ceit" (?), n. The act
of deceiving one's self, or the state of being self-deceived;
self-deception.
Self`-de*ceived" (?), a.
Deceived or misled respecting one's self by one's own
mistake or error.
Self`-de*cep"tion (?), n.
Self-deceit.
Self`-de*fence" (?), n. See
Self-defense.
Self`-de*fense" (?), n. The act
of defending one's own person, property, or reputation.
In self-defense (Law), in
protection of self, -- it being permitted in law to a party on
whom a grave wrong is attempted to resist the wrong, even at the
peril of the life of the assailiant.
Wharton.
Self`-de*fen"sive (?), a.
Defending, or tending to defend, one's own person, property,
or reputation.
Self`-deg`ra*da"tion (?), n.
The act of degrading one's self, or the state of being so
degraded.
Self`-de*la"tion (?), n.
Accusation of one's self. [R.]
Milman.
Self`-de*lu"sion (?), n. The
act of deluding one's self, or the state of being thus
deluded.
Self`-de*ni"al (?), n. The
denial of one's self; forbearing to gratify one's own desires;
self-sacrifice.
Self`-de*ny"ing (?), a.
Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing. --
Self`-de*ny"ing*ly,
adv.
Self`-de*pend"ent (?), a.
Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.
Self`-de*pend"ing, a. Depending on one's
self.
Self`-de*praved" (?), a.
Corrupted or depraved by one's self.
Milton.
Self`-de*stroy"er (?), n. One
who destroys himself; a suicide.
Self`-de*struc"tion (?), n. The
destruction of one's self; self-murder; suicide.
Milton.
Self`-de*struc"tive (?), a.
Destroying, or tending to destroy, one's self or itself;
rucidal.
Self`-de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n.
Determination by one's self; or, determination of one's acts
or states without the necessitating force of motives; -- applied
to the voluntary or activity.
Self`-de*ter"min*ing (?), a.
Capable of self-determination; as, the
self-determining power of will.
Self`-de*vised" (?), a. Devised
by one's self.
Self`-de*vot"ed (?), a. Devoted
in person, or by one's own will.
Hawthorne.
Self`-de*vote"ment (?), n.
Self-devotion. [R.]
Self`-de*vo"tion (?), n. The
act of devoting one's self, or the state of being self-devoted;
willingness to sacrifice one's own advantage or happiness for the
sake of others; self-sacrifice.
Self`-de*vour"ing (?), a.
Devouring one's self or itself.
Danham.
Self`-dif*fu"sive (?), a.
Having power to diffuse itself; diffusing itself.
Norris.
Self`-dis"ci*pline (?), n.
Correction or government of one's self for the sake of
improvement.
Self`-dis*trust" (?), n. Want
of confidence in one' self; diffidence.
Self`-ed"u*ca`ted (?), a.
Educated by one's own efforts, without instruction, or
without pecuniary assistance from others.
Self`-e*lect"ive (?), a. Having
the right of electing one's self, or, as a body, of electing its
own members.
Self`-en*joy"ment, (?) n.
Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.
Self`-es*teem" (?), n. The
holding a good opinion of one's self; self-complacency.
Self`-es`ti*ma"tion (?), n. The
act of estimating one's self; self-esteem.
Self`-ev"i*dence (?), n. The
quality or state of being self-evident.
Locke.
Self`-ev"i*dent (?), a. Evident
without proof or reasoning; producing certainty or conviction
upon a bare presentation to the mind; as, a
self-evident proposition or truth. --
Self`-ev"i*dent*ly,
adv.
Self`-ev`o*lu"tion (?), n.
Evolution of one's self; development by inherent quality or
power.
Self`-ex`al*ta"tion (?), n. The
act of exalting one's self, or the state of being so
exalted.
Self`-ex*am"i*nant (?), n. One
who examines himself; one given to self-examination.
The humiliated self-examinant feels that there is
evil in our nature as well as good.
Coleridge.
Self`-ex*am`i*na"tion (?), n.
An examination into one's own state, conduct, and motives,
particularly in regard to religious feelings and duties.
Self`-ex*ist"ence (?), n.
Inherent existence; existence possessed by virtue of a
being's own nature, and independent of any other being or cause;
-- an attribute peculiar to God.
Blackmore.
Self`-ex*ist"ent (?), a.
Existing of or by himself,independent of any other being or
cause; -- as, God is the only self-existent
being.
self`-ex*plain"ing (?), a.
Explaining itself; capable of being understood without
explanation.
Self`-ex*po"sure (?), n. The
act of exposing one's self; the state of being so exposed.
Self`-fer`ti*li*za"tion (?), n.
(Bot.) The fertilization of a flower by pollen
from the same flower and without outer aid; autogamy.
Self`-fer"ti*lized (?), a.
(Bot.) Fertilized by pollen from the same
flower.
Self`-glo"ri*ous (?), a.
Springing from vainglory or vanity; vain; boastful.
Dryden.
Self`-gov"ern*ment (?), n.
1. The act of governing one's self, or the state of
being governed by one's self; self-control; self-command.
2. Hence, government of a community, state, or
nation by the joint action of the mass of people constituting
such a civil body; also, the state of being so governed;
democratic government; democracy.
It is to self-government, the great principle of
popular representation and administration, -- the system that
lets in all to participate in the councels that are to assign the
good or evil to all, -- that we may owe what we are and what we
hope to be.
D. Webster.
Self`-grat`u*la"tion (?), n.
Gratulation of one's self.
Self`-heal" (?), n.
(Bot.) A blue-flowered labiate plant
(Brunella vulgaris); the healall.
Self`-heal"ing (?), a. Having
the power or property of healing itself.
Self`-help" (?), n. The act of
aiding one's self, without depending on the aid of others.
Self`-hom"i*cide (?), n. The
act of killing one's self; suicide.
Hakewill.
Self"hood (?), n. Existence as
a separate self, or independent person; conscious personality;
individuality.
Bib. Sacra.
Self`-ig"no*rance (?), n.
Ignorance of one's own character, powers, and
limitations.
Self`-ig"no*rant (?), a.
Ignorant of one's self.
Self`-im*part"ing (?), a.
Imparting by one's own, or by its own, powers and
will.
Norris.
Self`-im*por"tance (?), n. An
exaggerated estimate of one's own importance or merit, esp. as
manifested by the conduct or manners; self-conceit.
Self`-im*por"tant (?), a.
Having or manifesting an exaggerated idea of one's own
importance or merit.
Self`-im*posed" (?), a.
Voluntarily taken on one's self; as,
self-imposed tasks.
Self`-im*pos"ture (?), n.
Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit.
South.
Self`-in`dig*na"tion (?), n.
Indignation at one's own character or actions.
Baxter.
Self`-in*dul"gence (?), n.
Indulgence of one's appetites, desires, or inclinations; --
the opposite of self-restraint, and
self-denial.
Self`-in*dul"gent (?), a.
Indulging one's appetites, desires, etc., freely.
Self`-in"ter*est (?), n.
Private interest; the interest or advantage of one's
self.
Self`-in"ter*est*ed, a. Particularly
concerned for one's own interest or happiness.
Self`-in`vo*lu"tion (?), n.
Involution in one's self; hence, abstraction of thought;
reverie.
Self"ish (?), a. 1.
Caring supremely or unduly for one's self; regarding one's
own comfort, advantage, etc., in disregard, or at the expense, of
those of others.
They judge of things according to their own private appetites
and selfish passions.
Cudworth.
In that throng of selfish hearts untrue.
Keble.
2. (Ethics) Believing or teaching that
the chief motives of human action are derived from love of
self.
Hobbes and the selfish school of philosophers.
Fleming.
Self"ish*ly, adv. In a selfish manner;
with regard to private interest only or chiefly.
Self"ish*ness, n. The quality or state
of being selfish; exclusive regard to one's own interest or
happiness; that supreme self-love or self-preference which leads
a person to direct his purposes to the advancement of his own
interest, power, or happiness, without regarding those of
others.
Selfishness,- a vice utterly at variance with the
happiness of him who harbors it, and, as such, condemned by
self-love.
Sir J. Mackintosh.
Syn. -- See Self-love.
Self"ism (?), n. Concentration
of one's interests on one's self; self-love; selfishness.
Emerson.
Self"ist, n. A selfish person.
[R.]
I. Taylor.
Self`-jus"ti*fi`er (?), n. One
who excuses or justifies himself.
J. M. Mason.
Self`-kin"dled (?), a. Kindled
of itself, or without extraneous aid or power.
Dryden.
Self`-know"ing (?), a. 1.
Knowing one's self, or one's own character, powers, and
limitations.
2. Knowing of itself, without help from
another.
Self`-knowl"edge (?), n.
Knowledge of one's self, or of one's own character, powers,
limitations, etc.
Self"less, a. Having no regard to self;
unselfish.
Lo now, what hearts have men! they never mount
As high as woman in her selfless mood.
Tennyson.
Self"less*ness, n. Quality or state of
being selfless.
Self"-life` (?), n. Life for
one's self; living solely or chiefly for one's own pleasure or
good.
Self`-love` (?), n. The love of
one's self; desire of personal happiness; tendency to seek one's
own benefit or advantage.
Shak.
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul.
Pope.
Syn. -- Selfishness. -- Self-love,
Selfishness. The term self-love is used in a
twofold sense: 1. It denotes that longing for good or
for well-being which actuates the breasts of all,
entering into and characterizing every special desire. In this
sense it has no moral quality, being, from the nature of the
case, neither good nor evil. 2. It is applied to a voluntary
regard for the gratification of special desires. In this sense it
is morally good or bad according as these desires are conformed
to duty or opposed to it. Selfishness is always
voluntary and always wrong, being that regard to our own
interests, gratification, etc., which is sought or indulged at
the expense, and to the injury, of others. \'bdSo long as
self-love does not degenerate into
selfishness, it is quite compatible with true
benevolence.\'b8 Fleming. \'bdNot only is the phrase
self-love used as synonymous with the desire of
happiness, but it is often confounded with the word
selfishness, which certainly, in strict propriety,
denotes a very different disposition of mind.\'b8
Slewart.
Self`-lu"mi*nous (?), a.
Possessing in itself the property of emitting light.
Sir D. Brewster.
<-- p. 1307 -->
Self"-made` (?), a. Made by
one's self.
Self-made man, a man who has risen from
poverty or obscurity by means of his own talentss or
energies.
Self"-met`tle (?), n Inborn
mettle or courage; one's own temper. [Obs.]
Shak.
Self`-mo"tion (?), n. Motion
given by inherent power, without external impulse; spontaneus or
voluntary motion.
Matter is not induced with self-motion.
Cheyne.
Self`-moved" (?), a. Moved by
inherent power., without the aid of external impulse.
Self`-mov"ing (?), a. Moving by
inherent power, without the aid of external impulse.
Self`-mur"der (?), a.
Suicide.
Self`-mur"der*er (?), n. A
suicide.
Self`-neg*lect"ing (?), n. A
neglecting of one's self, or of one's own interests.
Self-love, my liege, is not so vile a sin
As self-neglecting.
Shak.
Self"ness, n. Selfishness.
[Obs.]
Sir. P. Sidney.
Self`-one" (?), a.
Secret. [Obs.]
Marston.
Self`-o*pin"ion (?), n.
Opinion, especially high opinion, of one's self; an
overweening estimate of one's self or of one's own opinion.
Collier.
Self`-o*pin"ioned (?), a.
Having a high opinion of one's self; opinionated;
conceited.
South.
Self`-o*pin"i*na`ting (?), a.
Beginning wwith, or springing from, one's self.
Self`-par`ti*al"i*ty (?), n.
That partiality to himself by which a man overrates his own
worth when compared with others.
Kames.
Self`-per*plexed" (?), a.
Perplexed by doubts originating in one's own mind.
Self`-pos"it*ed (?), a.
Disposed or arranged by an action originating in one's self
or in itself.
These molecular blocks of salt are
self-posited.
Tyndall.
Self`-pos"it*ing, a. The act of
disposing or arranging one's self or itself.
The self-positing of the molecules.
R. Watts.
Self"-pos*sessed" (?), a.
Composed or tranquill in mind, manner, etc.;
undisturbed.
Self`-pos*ses"sion (?), n. The
possession of one's powers; calmness; self-command; presence of
mind; composure.
Self"-praise` (?), n. Praise of
one's self.
Self`-pres`er*va"tion (?), n.
The preservation of one's self from destruction or
injury.
Self`-prop"a*ga`ting (?), a.
Propagating by one's self or by itself.
Self`-reg"is*ter*ing (?), a.
Registering itself; -- said of any instrument so contrived
as to record its own indications of phenomena, whether
continuously or at stated times, as at the maxima and minima of
variations; as, a self-registering anemometer or
barometer.
Self`-reg"u*la`ted (?), a.
Regulated by one's self or by itself.
Self`-reg"u*la*tive (?), a.
Tending or serving to regulate one's self or itself.
Whewell.
Self`-re*li"ance (?), n.
Reliance on one's own powers or judgment; self-trust.
Self`-re*li"ant (?), a. Reliant
upon one's self; trusting to one's own powers or judgment.
Self`-re*nun`ci*a"tion (?), n.
The act of renouncing, or setting aside, one's own wishes,
claims, etc.; self-sacrifice.
Self`-re*pel"len*cy (?), n. The
quality or state of being self-repelling.
Self`-re*pel"ling, ( a.
Made up of parts, as molecules or atoms, which mutually
repel each other; as, gases are
self-repelling.
<-- gases aren't self-repelling! Like charges are. -->
Self`-rep`e*ti"tion (?), n.
Repetition of one's self or of one's acts; the saying or
doing what one has already said or done.
Self`-re*proach" (?), n. The
act of reproaching one's self; censure by one's own
conscience.
Self`-re*proached" (?), a.
Reproached by one's own conscience or judgment.
Self`-re*proach"ing (?), a.
Reproaching one's self. --
Self`-re*proach"ing*ly,
adv.
Self`-re*proof" (?), n. The act
of reproving one's self; censure of one's conduct by one's own
judgment.
Self`-re*proved" (?), a.
Reproved by one's own conscience or one's own sense of
guilt.
Self`-re*prov"ing (?), a.
Reproving one's self; reproving by consciousness of
guilt.
Self`-re*prov"ing*ly, adv. In a
self-reproving way.
Self`-re*pug"nant (?), a.
Self-contradictory; inconsistent.
Brougham.
Self`-re*pul"sive (?), a.
Self-repelling.
Self`-re*spect" (?), n. Respect
for one's self; regard for one's character; laudable
self-esteem.
Self`-re*strained" (?), a.
Restrained by one's self or itself; restrained by one's own
power or will.
Self`-re*straint" (?), n.
Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.
Self`-rev"er*ence (?), n. A
reverent respect for one's self.
Tennyson.
Self`-right"eous (?), a.
Righteous in one's own esteem; pharisaic.
Self`-right"eous*ness, n. The quality or
state of being self-righteous; pharisaism.
Self`-sac"ri*fice (?), n. The
act of sacrificing one's self, or one's interest, for others;
self-devotion.
Self`-sac"ri*fi`cing (?), a.
Yielding up one's own interest, ffeelings, etc; sacrificing
one's self.
Self"same (?), a.
[Self, a. + same.]
Precisely the same; the very same; identical.
His servant was healed in the selfsame hour.
Matt. viii. 13.
Self`-sat`is*fac"tion (?), n.
The quality or state of being self-satisfied.
Self`-sat"is*fied (?), a.
Satisfied with one's self or one's actions;
self-complacent.
Self`-sat"is*fy`ing (?), a.
Giving satisfaction to one's self.
Self"-seek`er, n. One who seeks only his
own interest, advantage, or pleasure.
Self"-seek`ing, a. Seeking one's own
interest or happiness; selfish.
Arbuthnot.
Self"-seek`ing, n. The act or habit of
seeking one's own interest or happiness; selfishness.
Self`-slaugh"ter (?), n.
Suicide.
Shak.
Self`-suf*fi"cien*cy (?), n.
The quality or state of being self-sufficient.
Self`-suf*fi"cient (?), a.
1. Sufficient for one's self without external aid
or co\'94peration.
Neglect of friends can never be proved rational till we prove
the person using it omnipotent and self-sufficient,
and such as can never need any mortal assistance.
South.
2. Having an overweening confidence in one's own
abilities or worth; hence, haughty; overbearing. \'bdA rash
and self-sufficient manner.\'b8
I. Watts.
Self`-suf*fi"cing (?), a.
Sufficing for one's self or for itself, without needing
external aid; self-sufficient. --
Self`-suf*fi"cing*ness,
n.
J. C. Shairp.
Self`-sus*pend"ed (?), a.
Suspended by one's self or by itself; balanced.
Southey.
Self`-sus*pi"cious (?), a.
Suspicious or distrustful of one's self.
Baxter.
Self"-taught` (?), a. Taught by
one's own efforts.
Self`-tor*ment"or (?), n. One
who torments himself.
Self`-tor"ture (?), n. The act
of inflicting pain on one's self; pain inflicted on one's
self.
Self"-trust`, n. Faith in one's self;
self-reliance.
Self`-uned" (?), a. [E.
self + L. unus one.] One with
itself; separate from others. [Obs.]
Sylvester.
Self"-view` (?), n. A view if
one's self; specifically, carefulness or regard for one's own
interests
Self`-will" (?), n. [AS.
selfwill.] One's own will, esp. when
opposed to that of others; obstinacy.
Self`-willed" (?), a. Governed
by one's own will; not yielding to the wishes of others;
obstinate.
Self`-willed"ness, n. Obstinacy.
Sir W. Scott.
Self"-wor`ship (?), n. The
idolizing of one's self; immoderate self-conceit.
Self"-wrong` (?), n. Wrong done
by a person himself.
Shak.
Sel"ion (?), n. [OF.
seillon a measure of land, F. sillon a
ridge, furrow, LL. selio a measure of land.]
A short piece of land in arable ridges and furrows, of
uncertain quantity; also, a ridge of land lying between two
furrows. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Sel*juk"i*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Seljuk, a Tartar chief who embraced
Mohammedanism, and began the subjection of Western Asia to that
faith and rule; of or pertaining to the dynasty founded by him,
or the empire maintained by his descendants from the 10th to the
13th century.
J. H. Newman.
Sel*juck"i*an, n. A member of the family
of Seljuk; an adherent of that family, or subject of
its government; (pl.) the dynasty of Turkish sultans
sprung from Seljuk.
Sell (?), n. Self.
[Obs. or Scot.]
B. Jonson.
Sell, n. A sill.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sell, n. A cell; a house.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sell, n. [F. selle, L.
sella, akin to sedere to sit. See
Sit.] 1. A saddle for a horse.
[Obs.]
He left his lofty steed with golden self.
Spenser.
2. A throne or lofty seat.
[Obs.]
Fairfax.
Sell, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sold (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Selling.] [OE. sellen,
sillen, AS. sellan, syllan, to
give, to deliver; akin to OS. sellian, OFries.
sella, OHG. sellen, Icel. selja
to hand over, to sell, Sw. s\'84lja to sell, Dan.
s, Goth. saljan to offer a sacrifice;
all from a noun akin to E. sale. Cf.
Sale.] 1. To transfer to another for
an equivalent; to give up for a valuable consideration; to
dispose of in return for something, especially for money.
If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou
hast, and give to the poor.
Matt. xix. 21.
I am changed; I'll go sell all my land.
Shak.
Sell is corellative to buy, as
one party buys what the other sells. It is
distinguished usually from exchange or
barter, in which one commodity is given for another;
whereas in selling the consideration is usually money,
or its representative in current notes.
2. To make a matter of bargain and sale of; to
accept a price or reward for, as for a breach of duty, trust, or
the like; to betray.
You would have sold your king to slaughter.
Shak.
3. To impose upon; to trick; to deceive; to make a
fool of; to cheat. [Slang]
Dickens.
To sell one's life dearly, to cause much loss
to those who take one's life, as by killing a number of one's
assailants. -- To sell (anything)
out, to dispose of it wholly or entirely;
as, he had sold out his corn, or his interest in a
business.
Sell, v. i. 1. To practice
selling commodities.
I will buy with you, sell with you; . . . but I
will not eat with you.
Shak.
2. To be sold; as, corn sells at a
good price.
To sell out, to sell one's whole stockk in
trade or one's entire interest in a property or a
business.
Sell, n. An imposition; a cheat; a
hoax. [Colloq.]
{ Sel"lan*ders (?), Sel"len*ders
(?), } n. pl. (Far.)
See Sallenders.
Sell"er (?), n. One who
sells.
Chaucer.
Sel"ters wa"ter (?). A mineral water from
Sellers, in the district of Nassan, Germany,
containing much free carbonic acid.
Selt"zer wa"ter (?). See Selters
water.
Selt"zo-gene (?), n.
[Seltzer water + the root of Gr. A gazogene.
{ Sel"vage, Sel"vedge }
(?), n. [Self +
edge, i. e., its own proper edge; cf. OD.
selfegge.] 1. The edge of cloth
which is woven in such a manner as to prevent raveling.
2. The edge plate of a lock, through which the bolt
passes.
Knight.
3. (Mining.) A layer of clay or
decomposed rock along the wall of a vein. See Gouge,
n., 4.
Raymond.
{ Sel"vaged, Sel"vedged }
(?), a. Having a selvage.
Sel`va*gee" (?), n.
(Naut.) A skein or hank of rope yarns wound round
with yarns or marline, -- used for stoppers, straps, etc.
Selve (?), a. Self; same.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Selves (?), n., pl.
of Self.
Se"ly (?), a. Silly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Wyclif.
\'d8Se*m\'91`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Discophora having large free mouth lobes. It includes
Aurelia, and Pelagia. Called also
Semeostoma. See Illustr. under
Discophora, and Medusa.
Sem"a*phore (?), n. [Gr.
s\'82maphore.] A signal telegraph; an
apparatus for giving signals by the disposition of lanterns,
flags, oscillating arms, etc.
{ Sem`a*phor"ic (?),
Sem`a*phor"ic*al (?) } a.
[Cf. F. s\'82maphorique.] Of or
pertaining to a semaphore, or semaphores; telegraphic.
Sem`a*phor"ic*al*ly, adv. By means a
semaphore.
Se*maph"o*rist (?), n. One who
manages or operates a semaphore.
Sem`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy.] The
doctrine of signs as the expression of thought or reasoning; the
science of indicating thought by signs.
Smart.
Sem"a*trope (?), n. [Gr.
An instrument
for signaling by reflecting the rays of the sun in different
directions.
Knight.
Sem"bla*ble (?), a. [F., from
sembler to seem, resemble, L. similare,
simulare. See Simulate.] Like;
similar; resembling. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sem"bla*ble, n. Likeness;
representation. [Obs.]
Sem"bla*bly, adv. In like manner.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Sem"blance (?), n. [F. See
Semblable, a.] 1.
Seeming; appearance; show; figure; form.
Thier semblance kind, and mild their gestures
were.
Fairfax.
2. Likeness; resemblance, actual or apparent;
similitude; as, the semblance of worth;
semblance of virtue.
Only semblances or imitations of shells.
Woodward.
Sem"blant (?), a. [F.
semblant, p. pr.] 1. Like;
resembling. [Obs.]
Prior.
2. Seeming, rather than real; apparent.
[R.]
Carlyle.
Sem"blant, n. [F.] 1.
Show; appearance; figure; semblance.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
His flatterers made semblant of weeping.
Chaucer.
2. The face. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Luke xxiv. 5).
Sem"bla*tive (?), a.
Resembling. [Obs.]
And all is semblative a woman's part.
Shak.
Sem"ble (?), v. i. [F.
sembler. See Semblable, a.]
1. To imitate; to make a representation or
likeness. [Obs.]
Where sembling art may carve the fair effect.
Prior.
2. (Law) It seems; -- chiefly used
impersonally in reports and judgments to express an opinion in
reference to the law on some point not necessary to be decided,
and not intended to be definitely settled in the cause.
Sem"ble, a. Like; resembling.
[Obs.]
T. Hudson.
Sem"bling (?), n. [Cf.
Assemble.] (Zo\'94l.) The practice
of attracting the males of Lepidoptera or other insects by
exposing the female confined in a cage.
\'d8Se*m\'82" (?), a. [F.
sem\'82, fr. semer to sow.]
(Her.) Sprinkled or sown; -- said of field, or a
charge, when strewed or covered with small charges.
{ Se`mei*og"ra*phy (?), Se`mi*og"ra*phy (?) }, n.
[Gr. shmei^on sign + -graphy.]
(Med.) A description of the signs of
disease.
{ Se`mei*o*log"ic*al (?), Se`mi*o*log"io*al }, a. Of or
pertaining to the science of signs, or the systematic use of
signs; as, a semeiological classification of the
signs or symptoms of disease; a semeiological
arrangement of signs used as signals.
{ Se`mei*ol"o*gy (?), Se`mi*ol"o*gy }, n. [Gr.
shmei^on a mark, a sign + -logy.]
The science or art of signs. Specifically:
(a) (Med.) The science of the signs or
symptoms of disease; symptomatology. (b) The
art of using signs in signaling.
{ Se`mei*ot"ic (?), Se`mi*ot"ic }, a. [Gr.
shmei^on a mark, a sign.]
1. Relating to signs or indications; pertaining to
the language of signs, or to language generally as indicating
thought.
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the signs
or symptoms of diseases.
{ Se`mei*ot"ics (?), Se`mi*ot"ics }, n.
Semeiology.
Sem"e*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Gr. Myth.) A daughter of
Cadmus, and by Zeus mother of Bacchus.
\'d8Se"men (?), n.; pl.
Semina (#). [L., from the root of
serere, satum, to sow. See Sow to
scatter seed.] 1. (Bot.) The seed
of plants.
2. (Physiol.) The seed or fecundating
fluid of male animals; sperm. It is a white or whitish viscid
fluid secreted by the testes, characterized by the presence of
spermatozoids to which it owes its generative power.
Semen contra, Semen cin\'91 or
cyn\'91, a strong aromatic, bitter drug,
imported from Aleppo and Barbary, said to consist of the leaves,
peduncles, and unexpanded flowers of various species of
Artemisia; wormseed.
Sem`e*nif"er*ous (?), a.
(Biol.) Seminiferous.
<-- p. 1308 -->
Se*mes"ter (?), n. [G., from L.
semestris half-yearly; sex six +
mensis a month.] A period of six months;
especially, a term in a college or uneversity which divides the
year into two terms.
Sem"i- (?). [L. semi; akin to
Gr. s\'bemi-, AS. s\'bem-,
and prob. to E. same, from the division into two
parts of the same size. Cf. Hemi-,
Sandelend.] A prefix signifying
half, and sometimes partly or
imperfectly; as, semiannual, half yearly;
semitransparent, imperfectly transparent.
semi is joined to another word
either with the hyphen or without it. In this book the hyphen is
omitted except before a capital letter; as, semiacid,
semiaquatic, semi-Arian,
semiaxis, semicalcareous.
Sem`i*ac"id (?), a. Slightly
acid; subacid.
Sem`i*a*cid"i*fied (?), a. Half
acidified.
Sem`i*ad*her"ent (?), a.
Adherent part way.
Sem`i*am*plex"i*caul (?), a.
(Bot.) Partially amplexicaul; embracing the stem
half round, as a leaf.
Sem"i*an`gle (?), n.
(Geom.) The half of a given, or measuring,
angle.
Semi`i*an"nu*al (?), a.
Half-yearly.
Sem`i*an"nu*al*ly, adv. Every half
year.
Sem`i*an"nu*lar (?), a. Having
the figure of a half circle; forming a semicircle.
Grew.
Sem`i-A"ri*an (?), n. [See
Arian.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of
a branch of the Arians which did not acknowledge the Son to be
consubstantial with the Father, that is, of the same substance,
but admitted him to be of a like substance with the Father, not
by nature, but by a peculiar privilege.
Sem"i-A"ri*an, a. Of or pertaining to
Semi-Arianism.
Sem`i-A"ri*an*ism (?), n. The
doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Arians.
Sem`i*ax"is (?), n.
(Geom.) One half of the axis of an
Sem`i*bar*ba"ri*an (?), a. Half
barbarous; partially civilized. -- n.
One partly civilized.
Sem`i*bar*bar"ic (?), a. Half
barbarous or uncivilized; as, semibarbaric
display.
Sem`i*bar"ba*rism (?), n. The
quality or state of being half barbarous or uncivilized.
Sem`i*bar"ba*rous (?), a. Half
barbarous.
Sem"i*breve` (?), n. [Pref.
semi- + breve: cf. F.
semi-breve, It. semibreve.]
[Formerly written semibref.]
(Mus.) A note of half the time or duration of the
breve; -- now usually called a whole note. It is the
longest note in general use.
Sem"i*brief` (?), n.
(Mus.) A semibreve. [R.]
Sem"i*bull` (?), n.
(R.C.Ch.) A bull issued by a pope in the period
between his election and coronation.
Sem`i*cal*ca"re*ous (?), a.
Half or partially calcareous; as, a
semicalcareous plant.
Sem`i*cal*cined" (?), a. Half
calcined; as, semicalcined iron.
Sem`i*cas"trate (?), v. t. To
deprive of one testicle. --
Sem`i*cas*tra"tion
(#),n.
Sem`i*cen*ten"ni*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to half of a century, or a period of fifty years;
as, a semicentennial commemoration.
Sem`i*cen*ten"ni*al, n. A fiftieth
anniversary.
Sem`i*cha*ot"ic (?), a.
Partially chaotic.
Sem"i*cho`rus, n. (Mus.) A
half chorus; a passage to be sung by a selected portion of the
voices, as the female voices only, in contrast with the full
choir.
Sem`i-Chris"tian*ized (?), a.
Half Christianized.
Sem"i*cir`cle (?), n. 1.
(a) The half of a circle; the part of a circle
bounded by its diameter and half of its circumference.
(b) A semicircumference.
2. A body in the form of half of a circle, or half
of a circumference.
3. An instrument for measuring angles.
Sem"i*cir`cled (?), a.
Semicircular.
Shak.
Sem`i*cir"cu*lar (?), a. Having
the form of half of a circle.
Addison.
Semicircular canals (Anat.),
certain canals of the inner ear. See under
Ear.
Sem`i cir*cum"fer*ence (?), n.
Half of a circumference.
Sem"i*cirque (?), n. A
semicircular hollow or opening among trees or hills.
Wordsworth.
Sem"i*co`lon (?), n. The
punctuation mark [;] indicating a separation between parts or
members of a sentence more distinct than that marked by a
comma.
Sem"i*col`umn (?), n. A half
column; a column bisected longitudinally, or along its
axis.
Sem`i*co*lum"nar (?), a. Like a
semicolumn; flat on one side and round on the other; imperfectly
columnar.
Sem`i*com*pact" (?), a. Half
compact; imperfectly indurated.
Sem`i*con"scious (?), a. Half
conscious; imperfectly conscious.
De Quincey.
Sem"i*cope` (?), n. A short
cope, or an inferier kind of cope. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sem`i crus*ta"ceous (?), a.
Half crustaceous; partially crustaceous.
Sem`i*crys"tal*line (?), a.
(Min.) Half crystalline; -- said of certain
cruptive rocks composed partly of crystalline, partly of
amorphous matter.
Sem`i*cu"bic*al (?), a.
(Math.) Of or pertaining to the square root of
the cube of a quantity.
Semicubical parabola, a curve in which the
ordinates are proportional to the square roots of the cubes of
the abscissas.
{ Sem`i*cu"bi*um (?),
Sem`i*cu"pi*um (?), } n.
[LL., fr. L. semi half + cupa tub,
cask.] A half bath, or one that covers only the lewer
extremities and the hips; a sitz-bath; a half bath, or hip
bath.
{ Sem`i*cy*lin"dric (?),
Sem`i*cy*lyn"dric*al (?) } a.
Half cylindrical.
Sem`i*de*is"tic*al (?), a. Half
deisticsl; bordering on deism.
S. Miller.
Sem`i*dem"i*qua`ver (?), n.
(Mus.) A demisemiquaver; a thirty-second
note.
Sem`i*de*tached" (?), a. Half
detached; partly distinct or separate.
Semidetached house, one of two tenements under
a single roof, but separated by a party wall.
[Eng.]
Sem`i*di*am"e*ter (?), n.
(Math.) Half of a diameter; a right line, or the
length of a right line, drawn from the center of a circle, a
sphere, or other curved figure, to its circumference or
periphery; a radius.
Sem`i*di`a*pa"son (?), n.
(Mus.) An imperfect octave.
Sem`i*di`a*pen"te (?), n.
(Mus.) An imperfect or diminished fifth.
Busby.
Sem`i*di`a*pha*ne"i*ty (?), n.
Half or imperfect transparency; translucency.
[R.]
Boyle.
Sem`i*di*aph"a*nous (?), a.
Half or imperfectly transparent; translucent.
Woodward.
Sem`i*di`a*tes"sa*ron (?), n.
(Mus.) An imperfect or diminished fourth.
[R.]
Sem`i*di"tone` (?), n. [Pref.
semi- + ditone: cf. It.
semiditono. Cf. Hemiditone.] (Gr.
Mus.) A lesser third, having its terms as 6 to 5; a
hemiditone. [R.]
Sem`i*di*ur"nal (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or accomplished in, half a day, or twelve
hours; occurring twice every day.
2. Pertaining to, or traversed in, six hours, or in
half the time between the rising and setting of a heavenly body;
as, a semidiurnal arc.
Sem"i*dome` (?), n.
(Arch.) A roof or ceiling covering a semicircular
room or recess, or one of nearly that shape, as the apse of a
church, a niche, or the like. It is approximately the quarter of
a hollow sphere.
Sem"i*dou`ble (?), n.
(Eccl.) An office or feast celebrated with less
solemnity than the double ones. See Double,
n., 8.
Sem`i*dou"ble, a. (Bot.)
Having the outermost stamens converted into petals, while
the inner ones remain perfect; -- said of a flower.
Sem"i*fa`ble (?), n. That which
is part fable and part truth; a mixture of truth and fable.
De Quincey.
Sem"i*flexed` (?), a. Half
bent.
Sem"i*flo`ret (?), n.
(Bot.) See Semifloscule.
Sem`i*flos"cu*lar (?), a.
Semiflosculous.
Sem"i*flos`cule (?), n.
(Bot.) A floscule, or florest, with its corolla
prolonged into a strap-shaped petal; -- called also
semifloret.
Sem`i*flos"cu*lous (?), a.
(Bot.) Having all the florets ligulate, as in the
dandelion.
Sem`i*flu"id (?), a.
Imperfectly fluid. -- n. A
semifluid substance.
Sem"i*form` (?), n. A half
form; an imperfect form.
Sem"i*formed` (?), a. Half
formed; imperfectly formed; as, semiformed
crystals.
Sem`i*glu"tin (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A peptonelike body, insoluble in alcohol,
formed by boiling collagen or gelatin for a long time in water.
Hemicollin, a like body, is also formed at the same
time, and differs from semiglutin by being partly soluble in
alcohol.
Sem`i*his*tor"i*cal (?), a.
Half or party historical.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
Sem`i*ho"ral (?), a.
Half-hourly.
Sem`i*in"du*ra`ted (?), a.
Imperfectly indurated or hardened.
Sem`i*la*pid"i*fied (?), a.
Imperfectly changed into stone.
Kirwan.
Sem"i*lens` (?), n.
(Opt.) The half of a lens divided along a plane
passing through its axis.
Sem`i*len*tic"u*lar (?), a.
Half lenticular or convex; imperfectly resembling a
lens.
Kirwan.
Sem`i*lig"ne*ous (?), a. Half
or partially ligneous, as a stem partly woody and partly
herbaceous.
Sem`i*liq"uid (?), a. Half
liquid; semifluid.
Sem`i*li*quid"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being semiliquid; partial liquidity.
Sem`i*log"ic*al (?), a. Half
logical; partly logical; said of fallacies.
Whately.
Sem"i*lor (?), n. [Cf. G.
similor, semilor.] A yellowish
alloy of copper and zinc. See Simplor.
Sem`i*lu"nar (?), a. Shaped
like a half moon.
Semilunar bone (Anat.), a bone of
the carpus; the lunar. See Lunar, n. --
Semilunar, Sigmoid,
valves (Anat.), the valves at
the beginning of the aorta and of the pulmonary artery which
prevent the blood from flowing back into the ventricle.
Sem`i*lu"nar, n. (Anat.) The
semilunar bone.
Sem`i*lu"na*ry (?), a.
Semilunar.
Sem`i*lu"nate (?), a.
Semilunar.
Sem"i*lune` (?), n.
(Geom.) The half of a lune.
Sem"i*met`al (?), n.
(Chem.) An element possessing metallic properties
in an inferior degree and not malleable, as arsenic, antimony,
bismuth, molybdenum, uranium, etc. [Obs.]
Sem`i*me*tal"lic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to a semimetal;
possessing metallic properties in an inferior degree; resembling
metal.
Sem`i*month"ly (?) a. Coming or
made twice in a month; as, semimonthly magazine; a
semimonthly payment. -- n.
Something done or made every half month; esp., a semimonthly
periodical. -- adv. In a
semimonthly manner; at intervals of half a month.
Semi`i*mute" (?), a. Having the
faculty of speech but imperfectly developed or partially
lost.
Sem"i*mute` (?), n. A semimute
person.
Sem"i*nal (?), a. [L.
seminalis, fr. semen, seminis,
seed, akin to serere to sow: cf. F.
seminal. See Sow to scatter seed.]
1. Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of,
seed or semen; as, the seminal fluid.
2. Contained in seed; holding the relation of seed,
source, or first principle; holding the first place in a series
of developed results or consequents; germinal; radical; primary;
original; as, seminal principles of generation;
seminal virtue.
The idea of God is, beyond all question or comparison, the one
great seminal principle.
Hare.
Seminal leaf (Bot.), a seed leaf,
or cotyleden. -- Seminal receptacle.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Spermatheca.
Sem"i*nal (?), n. A seed.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Sem`i*nal"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being seminal.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Sem`i*na"ri*an (?),
Sem"i*na*rist (?), } n.
[Cf. F. s\'82minariste.] A member of,
or one educated in, a seminary; specifically, an ecclesiastic
educated for the priesthood in a seminary.
Sem"i*na*ry (?), n.; pl.
Seminaries (#). [L.
seminarium, fr. seminarius belonging to
seed, fr. semon, seminis, seed. See
Seminal.] 1. A piece of ground where
seed is sown for producing plants for transplantation; a nursery;
a seed plat. [Obs.]
Mortimer.
But if you draw them [seedling] only for the thinning of your
seminary, prick them into some empty beds.
Evelyn.
2. Hence, the place or original stock whence
anything is brought or produced. [Obs.]
Woodward.
3. A place of education, as a scool of a high
grade, an academy, college, or university.
4. Seminal state. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
5. Fig.: A seed bed; a source.
[Obs.]
Harvey.
6. A Roman Catholic priest educated in a foreign
seminary; a seminarist. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Sem"i*na*ry, a. [L.
seminarius.] Belonging to seed;
seminal. [R.]
Sem"i*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Seminated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Seminating.] [L. seminatus,
p. p. of seminare to sow, fr. semen,
seminis, seed.] To sow; to spread; to
propagate. [R.]
Waterhouse.
Sem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
seminatio: cf. F. s\'82mination.]
1. The act of sowing or spreading.
[R.]
2. (Bot.) Natural dispersion of
seeds.
Martyn.
Sem"ined (?), a. [See
Semen.] Thickly covered or sown, as with
seeds. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Sem`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
semen, semenis, seed
-ferous.] (Biol.) Seed-bearing;
producing seed; pertaining to, or connected with, the formation
of semen; as, seminiferous cells or
vesicles.
{ Sem`i*nif"ic (?),
Sem`*nif"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. semen, seminis, seed +
facere to make.] (Biol.) Forming
or producing seed, or the male generative product of animals or
of plants.
Sem`i*ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
Propagation from seed. [R.]
Sir M. Hale.
Sem"i*nist (?), n.
(Biol.) A believer in the old theory that the
newly created being is formed by the admixture of the seed of the
male with the supposed seed of the female.
Sem"i*noles (?), n. pl.; sing.
Seminole (.
(Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly
occupied Florida, where some of them still remain. They belonged
to the Creek Confideration.
Sem"i*nose` (?), n. [L.
semen seed + glucose.]
(Chem.) A carbohydrate of the glucose group found
in the thickened endosperm of certain seeds, and extracted as
yellow sirup having a sweetish-bitter taste.
<-- same as D-mannose; C6H12O6, a hexose opticaly isomeric with
glucose. -->
Sem`i*nude" (?), a. Partially
nude; half naked.
Sem"i*nymph` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The pupa of insects which undergo only
a slight change in passing to the imago state.
Sem`i*oc*ca"sion*al*ly (?), adv.
Once in a while; on rare occasions. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Sem`i*of*fi"cial (?), a. Half
official; having some official authority or importance; as, a
semiofficial statement. --
Sem`i*of*fi"cial*ly,
adv.
{ Se`mi*og"ra*phy (?),
Se`mi*ol"o*gy (?), Se`mi*o*log"ic*al
(?) }. Same as Semeiography,
Semeiology, Semeiological.
Sem`i*o*pa"cous (?), a.
Semiopaque.
Sem"i*o`pal (?), n.
(Min.) A variety of opal not possessing
opalescence.
Sem`i*o*paque" (?), a. Half
opaque; only half transparent.
Sem`i*or*bic"u*lar (?), a.
Having the shape of a half orb or sphere.
Se`mi*ot"ic (?), a. Same as
Semeiotic.
Se`mi*ot"ics (?), n. Same as
Semeiotics.
Sem`i*o"val (?), a. Half
oval.
Sem`i*o"vate (?), a. Half
ovate.
Sem`i*ox"y*gen*a`ted (?), a.
Combined with oxygen only in part.
Kirwan.
Sem`i*pa"gan (?), a. Half
pagan.
{ Sem`i*pal"mate (?),
Sem`i*pal"ma*ted (?), } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the anterior toes joined only
part way down with a web; half-webbed; as, a
semipalmate bird or foot. See Illust.
k under Aves.
Sem`i*pa*rab"o*la (?), n.
(Geom.) One branch of a parabola, being
terminated at the principal vertex of the curve.
Sem"i*ped (?), n. [L.
semipes, semipedis; pref. semi-
half + pes, pedis, a foot.]
(Pros.) A half foot in poetry.
Se*mip"e*dal (?), a.
(Pres.) Containing a half foot.
Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an (?), n.
(Eccl. Hist.) A follower of John Cassianus, a
French monk (died about 448), who modified the doctrines of
Pelagius, by denying human merit, and maintaining the necessity
of the Spirit's influence, while, on the other hand, he rejected
the Augustinian doctrines of election, the inability of man to do
good, and the certain perseverance of the saints.
Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an, a. Of or pertaining
to the Semi-Pelagians, or their tenets.
<-- p. 1309 -->
Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an*ism (?), n.
The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Pelagians.
Sem`i*pel*lu"cid (?), a. Half
clear, or imperfectly transparent; as, a
semipellucid gem.
Sem`i*pel`lu*cid"i*ty (?), n.
The qualiti or state of being imperfectly transparent.
Sem`i*pen"ni*form (?), a.
(Anat.) Half or partially penniform; as, a
semipenniform muscle.
Sem`o*per"ma*nent, n. Half or partly
permanent.
Sem`i*per*spic"u*ous (?), a.
Half transparent; imperfectly clear; semipellucid.
Sem`i*phlo*gis"ti*ca`ted (?), a.
(Old Chem.) Partially impregnated with
phlogiston.
Sem"i*plume` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A feather which has a plumelike web,
with the shaft of an ordinary feather.
Sem`i*pre"cious (?), a.
Somewhat precious; as, semiprecious stones or
metals.
Sem"i*proof` (?), n. Half
proof; evidence from the testimony of a single witness.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Sem`i pu"pa (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The young of an insect in a stage
between the larva and pupa.
{ Sem"i*quad`rate (?),
Sem"i*quar"tile (?), } n.
(Astrol.) An aspect of the planets when distant
from each other the half of a quadrant, or forty-five degrees, or
one sign and a half.
Hutton.
Sem"i*qua`ver (?), n.
(Mus.) A note of half the duration of the quaver;
-- now usually called a sixsteenth note.
Sem"i*quin`tile (?), n.
(Astrol.) An aspect of the planets when distant
from each other half of the quintile, or thirty-six
degrees.
Sem`i*rec"on*dite (?), a.
(Zool.) Half hidden or half covered; said of the
head of an insect when half covered by the shield of the
thorax.
Sem"i*ring` (?), n.
(Anat.) One of the incomplete rings of the upper
part of the bronchial tubes of most birds. The semerings form an
essential part of the syrinx, or musical organ, of singing
birds.
Sem`i*sav"age (?), a. Half
savage.
Sem"i*sav`age, n. One who is half
savage.
Sem`i-Sax"on (?), a. Half
Saxon; -- specifically applied to the language intermediate
between Saxon and English, belonging to the period
1150-1250.
Sem"i*sex"tile (?), n.
(Astrol.) An aspect of the planets when they are
distant from each other the twelfth part of a circle, or thirty
degrees.
Hutton.
Sem`i*sol"id (?), a. Partially
solid.
Sem"i*soun (-s, n. A
half sound; a low tone. [Obs.] \'bdSoft he
cougheth with a semisoun.\'b8
Chaucer.
{ Sem`i*spher"ic (?),
Sem`i*spher"ic*al (?), } a.
Having the figure of a half sphere.
Kirwan.
Sem`i*sphe*roid"al (?), a.
Formed like a half spheroid.
Sem"i*steel` (, n. Puddled
steel. [U. S. ]
\'d8Sem"i*ta (?), n.; pl.
Semit\'91. [L., a path.]
(Zo\'94l.) A fasciole of a spatangoid sea
urchin.
Sem"i*tan`gent (?), n.
(Geom.) The tangent of half an arc.
Sem"ite (?), n. One belonging
to the Semitic race. Also used adjectively. [Written
also Shemite.]
Sem`i*te*rete" (?), a. (Nat.
Hist.) Half terete.
Sem`i*ter"tian (?), a.
(Med.) Having the characteristics of both a
tertian and a quotidian intermittent. --
n. An intermittent combining the
characteristics of a tertian and a quotidian.
Sem*it"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Shem or his descendants; belonging to that division
of the Caucasian race which includes the Arabs, Jews, and related
races. [Written also Shemitic.]
Semitic language, a name used to designate a
group of Asiatic and African languages, some living and some
dead, namely: Hebrew and Ph
Encyc. Brit.
Sem"i*tism (?), n. A Semitic
idiom; a word of Semitic origin. [Written also
Shemitism.]
Sem"i*tone (?), n. [Pref.
semi- + tone. CF. Hemitone.]
(Mus.) Half a tone; -- the name commonly applied
to the smaller intervals of the diatonic scale.
half step is now preferred. See Tone.
J. S. Dwight.
Sem`i*ton"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a semitone; consisting of a semitone, or of
semitones.
Sem"i*tran`sept (?), n.
(Arch.) The half of a transept; as, the north
semitransept of a church.
Sem`i*trans*lu"cent (?), a.
Slightly clear; transmitting light in a slight degree.
Sem`i*trans*par"en*cy (?), n.
Imperfect or partial transparency.
Sem`i*trans*par"ent (?), a.
Half or imperfectly transparent.
Sem`i*ver*tic"il*late, ( a.
Partially verticillate.
Sem"i*vif (?), a. [L.
semivivus.] Only half alive.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Sem`i*vit"re*ous (?), a.
Partially vitreous.
Sem`i*vit"ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
1. The quality or state of being
semivitrified.
2. A substance imperfectly vitrified.
Sem`i*vit"ri*fied (?), a. Half
or imperfectly vitrified; partially converted into glass.
Sem`i*vo"cal (?), a.
(Phon.) Of or pertaining to a semivowel; half
cocal; imperfectly sounding.
Sem"i*vow`el (?), n.
(Phon.) (a) A sound intermediate between
a vowel and a consonant, or partaking of the nature of both, as
in the English w and y. (b)
The sign or letter representing such a sound.
Sem`i*week"ly (?), a. Coming,
or made, or done, once every half week; as, a
semiweekly newspaper; a semiweekly
trip. -- n. That which comes or
happens once every half week, esp. a semiweekly
periodical. -- adv. At
intervals of half a week each.
\'d8Sem`o*lel"la (?), n.
[It.] See Semolina.
Sem`o*li"na (?), n. [It.
semolino, from semola bran, L.
simila the finest wheat flour. Cf. Semoule,
Simnel.] The fine, hard parts of wheat,
rounded by the attrition of the millstones, -- used in
cookery.
\'d8Sem`o*li"no (?), n.
[It.] Same as Semolina.
\'d8Se*moule" (?), n.
[F.] Same as Semolina.
Sem`per*vi"rent (?), a. [L.
semper always + virens, p. pr. of
virere to be green.] Always fresh;
evergreen. [R.]
Smart.
Sem"per*vive (?), n. [L.
semperviva, sempervivum, fr.
sempervivus ever-living; semper always +
vivus living.] (Bot.) The
houseleek.
\'d8Sem`per*vi"vum (?), n.
(Bot.) A genus of fleshy-leaved plants, of which
the houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum) is the commonest
species.
Sem`pi*ter"nal (?), a. [L.
sempiternus, fr. semper always: cf. F.
sempiternel.] 1. Of neverending
duration; everlasting; endless; having beginning, but no
end.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Without beginning or end; eternal.
Blackmore.
Sem"pi*terne (?), a.
Sempiternal. [Obs.]
Sem`pi*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L.
sempiternitas.] Future duration without
end; the relation or state of being sempiternal.
Sir M. Hale.
Sem"pre (?), adv. [It., fr. L.
semper.] (Mus.) Always;
throughout; as, sempre piano, always
soft.
Semp"ster (?), n. A
seamster. [Obs.]
Semp"stress (?), n. A
seamstress.
Two hundred sepstress were employed to make me
shirts.
Swift.
Semp"stress*y (?), n.
Seamstressy.
Sem"ster (?), n. A
seamster. [Obs.]
\'d8Se*mun"ci*a (?), n. [L.,
fr. semi half + uncia ounce.]
(Rom. Antiq.) A Roman coin equivalent to one
twenty-fourth part of a Roman pound.
Sen (?), n. A Japanese coin,
worth about one half of a cent.
Sen, adv., prep., & conj. [See
Since.] Since. [Obs.]
Sen"a*ry (?), a. [L.
senarius, fr. seni six each, fr.
sex six. See Six.] Of six;
belonging to six; containing six.
Dr. H. More.
Sen"ate (?), n. [OE.
senat, F. s\'82nat, fr. L.
senatus, fr. senex, gen. senis,
old, an old man. See Senior, Sir.]
1. An assembly or council having the highest
deliberative and legislative functions. Specifically:
(a) (Anc. Rom.) A body of elders
appointed or elected from among the nobles of the nation, and
having supreme legislative authority.
The senate was thus the medium through which all
affairs of the whole government had to pass.
Dr. W. Smith.
(b) The upper and less numerous branch of a
legislature in various countries, as in France, in the United
States, in most of the separate States of the United States, and
in some Swiss cantons. (c) In general, a
legislative body; a state council; the legislative department of
government.
2. The governing body of the Universities of
Cambridge and London. [Eng.]
3. In some American colleges, a council of elected
students, presided over by the president of the college, to which
are referred cases of discipline and matters of general concern
affecting the students. [U. S.]
Senate chamber, a room where a senate meets
when it transacts business. -- Senate house,
a house where a senate meets when it transacts
business.
Sen"a*tor (?), n. [OE.
senatour, OF. senatour, F.
s\'82nateur, fr. L. senator.]
1. A member of a senate.
The duke and senators of Venice greet you.
Shak.
2. (O.Eng.Law) A member of the king's
council; a king's councilor.
Burrill.
Sen`a*to"ri*al (?), a. [F.
s\'82natorial, or L. senatorius.]
1. Of or pertaining to a senator, or a senate;
becoming to a senator, or a senate; as, senatorial
duties; senatorial dignity.
2. Entitled to elect a senator, or by senators;
as, the senatorial districts of a State.
[U. S.]
Sen`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv. In a senatorial
manner.
Sen`a*to"ri*an (?), a.
Senatorial. [R.]
De Quincey.
Sen`a*to"ri*ous (?), a.
Senatorial. [Obs.]
Sen"a*tor*ship (?), n. The
office or dignity of a senator.
Carew.
Se*na`tus*con*sult" (?), n. [L.
senatus consultum.] A decree of the Roman
senate.
Send (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sent (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Sending.]
[AS. sendan; akin to OS. sendian, D.
zenden, G. senden, OHG. senten,
Icel. senda, Sw. s\'84nda, Dan.
sende, Goth. sandjan, and to Goth.
sinp a time (properly, a going), gasinpa
companion, OHG. sind journey, AS. s\'c6,
Icel. sinni a walk, journey, a time. W.
hynt a way, journey, OIr. s. Cf.
Sense.] 1. To cause to go in any
manner; to dispatch; to commission or direct to go; as, to
send a messenger.
I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran.
Jer. xxiii. 21.
I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself,
but he sent me.
John viii. 42.
Servants, sent on messages, stay out somewhat
longer than the message requires.
Swift.
2. To give motion to; to cause to be borne or
carried; to procure the going, transmission, or delivery of;
as, to send a message.
He . . . sent letters by posts on horseback.
Esther viii. 10.
O send out thy light an thy truth; let them lead
me.
Ps. xliii. 3.
3. To emit; to impel; to cast; to throw; to hurl;
as, to send a ball, an arrow, or the
like.
4. To cause to be or to happen; to bestow; to
inflict; to grant; -- sometimes followed by a dependent
proposition. \'bdGod send him well!\'b8
Shak.
The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation,
and rebuke.
Deut. xxviii. 20.
And sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.
Matt. v. 45.
God send your mission may bring back peace.
Sir W. Scott.
Send (?), v. i. 1. To
dispatch an agent or messenger to convey a message, or to do an
errand.
See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take
away my head?
2 Kings vi. 32.
2. (Naut.) To pitch; as, the ship
sends forward so violently as to endanger her
masts.
Totten.
To send for, to request or require by message
to come or be brought.
Send, n. (Naut.) The impulse
of a wave by which a vessel is carried bodily.
[Written also scend.] W. C.
Russell. \'bdThe send of the sea\'b8.
Longfellow.
Sen"dal (?), n. [OF.
cendal (cf. Pr. & Sp. cendal, It.
zendale), LL. cendallum, Gr. A light thin stuff of silk.
[Written also cendal, and
sendal.]
Chaucer.
Wore she not a veil of twisted sendal embroidered
with silver?
Sir W. Scott.
Send"er (?), n. One who
sends.
Shak.
Sen"e*cas (?), n. pl.; sing.
Seneca (. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Western
New York. This tribe was the most numerous and most warlike of
the Five Nations.
Seneca grass(Bot.), holy grass. See
under Holy. -- Seneca eil, petroleum
or naphtha. -- Seneca root, Seneca snakeroot (Bot.), the
rootstock of an American species of milkworth (Polygala
Senega) having an aromatic but bitter taste. It is often
used medicinally as an expectorant and diuretic, and, in large
doses, as an emetic and cathartic. [Written also
Senega root, and Seneka root.]
\'d8Se*ne"ci*o (?), n. [L.,
groundsel, lit., an old man. So called in allusion to the hoary
appearance of the pappus.] (Bot.) A very
large genus of composite plants including the groundsel and the
golden ragwort.
Se*nec"ti*tude (?), n. [L.
senectus aged, old age, senex old.]
Old age. [R.] \'bdSenectitude,
weary of its toils.\'b8
H. Miller.
Sen"e*ga (?), n. (Med.)
Seneca root.
Sen"e*gal (?), n. Gum senegal.
See under Gum.
Sen"e*gin (?), n. (Med.
Chem.) A substance extracted from the rootstock of the
Polygala Senega (Seneca root), and probably identical
with polygalic acid.
Se*nes"cence (?), n. [See
Senescent.] The state of growing old; decay
by time.
Se*nes"cent (?), a. [L.
senescent, p. pr. of senescere to grow old,
incho. fr. senere to be old.] Growing old;
decaying with the lapse of time. \'bdThe night was
senescent.\'b8 Poe. \'bdWith too
senescent air.\'b8
Lowell.
Sen"es*chal (?), n. [OF.
seneschal, LL. seniscalcus, of Teutonic
origin; cf. Goth. sineigs old, skalks, OHG.
scalch, AS. scealc. Cf. Senior,
Marshal.] An officer in the houses of princes
and dignitaries, in the Middle Ages, who had the superintendence
of feasts and domestic ceremonies; a steward. Sometimes the
seneschal had the dispensing of justice, and was given high
military commands.
Then marshaled feast
Served up in hall with sewers and seneschale.
Milton.
Philip Augustus, by a famous ordinance in 1190, first
established royal courts of justice, held by the officers called
baitiffs, or seneschals, who acted as the king's
lieutenants in his demains.
Hallam.
Sen"es*chal*ship, n. The office,
dignity, or jurisdiction of a seneschal.
Senge (?), v. t. To
singe. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sen"green (?), n.[AS.
singr, properly, evergreen, fr. sin
(in composition) always + gr\'89ne green; akin to OHG.
sin- ever, L. semper.]
(Bot.) The houseleek.
Se"nile (?), a. [L.
senilis, from senex, gen. senis,
old, an old man: cf. F. s\'82nile. See
Senior.] Of or pertaining to old age;
proceeding from, or characteristic of, old age; affected with the
infirmities of old age; as, senile
weakness. \'bdSenile maturity of
judgment.\'b8
Boyle.
Senile gangrene (Med.), a form of
gangrene occuring particularly in old people, and caused usually
by insufficient blood supply due to degeneration of the walls of
the smaller arteries.
Se*nil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
s\'82nilit\'82.] The quality or state of
being senile; old age.
Sen"ior (?), a. [L.
senior, compar. of senex, gen.
senis, old. See Sir.] 1.
More advanced than another in age; prior in age; elder;
hence, more advanced in dignity, rank, or office; superior;
as, senior member; senior
counsel.
2. Belonging to the final year of the regular
course in American colleges, or in professional schools.
Sen"ior, n. 1. A person who is
older than another; one more advanced in life.
2. One older in office, or whose entrance upon
office was anterior to that of another; one prior in grade.
3. An aged person; an older.
Dryden.
Each village senior paused to scan,
And speak the lovely caravan.
Emerson.
4. One in the fourth or final year of his
collegiate course at an American college; -- originally called
senior sophister; also, one in the last year of the
course at a professional schools or at a seminary.
Sen*ior"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being senior.
Sen"ior*ize (?), v. i. To
exercise authority; to rule; to lord it. [R.]
Fairfax.
Sen"ior*y (?), n.
Seniority. [Obs.]
Shak.
Sen"na (?), n. [Cf. It. & Sp.
sena, Pg. sene, F. s\'82n\'82;
all fr. Ar. san\'be.] 1.
(Med.) The leaves of several leguminous plants of
the genus Cassia. (C. acutifolia. C.
angustifolia, etc.). They constitute a valuable but
nauseous cathartic medicine.
2. (Bot.) The plants themselves, native
to the East, but now cultivated largely in the south of Europe
and in the West Indies.
Bladder senna. (Bot.) See under
Bladder. -- Wild senna
(Bot.), the Cassia Marilandica, growing
in the United States, the leaves of which are used medicinally,
like those of the officinal senna.
<-- p. 1310 -->
Sen"na*chy (?), n. See
Seannachie.
Sen"net (?), n. [Properly, a
sign given for the entrance or exit of actors, from OF.
sinet, signet, dim. of signe.
See Signet.] A signal call on a trumpet or
cornet for entrance or exit on the stage.
[Obs.]
Sen"net, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
barracuda.
Sen"night (?), n. [Contr. fr.
sevennight.] The space of seven nights and
days; a week. [Written also
se'nnight.] [Archaic.]
Shak. Tennyson.
Sen"nit (?), n.
[Seven + knit.] 1.
(Naut.) A braided cord or fabric formed by
plaiting together rope yarns or other small stuff.
2. Plaited straw or palm leaves for making
hats.
Se*noc"u*lar (?), a. [L.
seni six each (fr. sex six) +
oculus eye.] Having six eyes.
[R.]
Derham.
Se*no"ni*an (?), a. [F.
s\'82nonien, from the district of
S\'82nonais, in France.] (Geol.)
In european geology, a name given to the middle division of
the Upper Cretaceous formation.
\'d8Se*\'a4or" (?), n. [Sp. Cf.
Senior.] A Spanish title of courtesy
corresponding to the English Mr. or Sir;
also, a gentleman.
\'d8Se*\'a4o"ra (?), n.
[Sp.] A Spanish title of courtesy given to a
lady; Mrs.; Madam; also, a lady.
\'d8Se`\'a4o*ri"ta (?), n.
[Sp.] A Spanish title of courtesy given to a
young lady; Miss; also, a young lady.
Sens (?), adv. [See
Since.] Since. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Sen"sate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sensated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sensating.] [See
Sensated.] To feel or apprehend more or less
distinctly through a sense, or the senses; as, to
sensate light, or an odor.
As those of the one are sensated by the ear, so
those of the other are by the eye.
R. Hooke.
{ Sen"sate (?), Sen"sa*ted
(?), } a. [L. sensatus
gifted with sense, intelligent, fr. sensus sense. See
Sense.] Felt or apprehended through a sense,
or the senses. [R.]
Baxter.
Sen*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
sensation. See Sensate.] 1.
(Physiol.) An impression, or the consciousness of
an impression, made upon the central nervous organ, through the
medium of a sensory or afferent nerve or one of the organs of
sense; a feeling, or state of consciousness, whether agreeable or
disagreeable, produced either by an external object (stimulus),
or by some change in the internal state of the body.
Perception is only a special kind of knowledge, and
sensation a special kind of feeling. . . . Knowledge
and feeling, perception and sensation, though always
coexistent, are always in the inverse ratio of each other.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. A purely spiritual or psychical affection;
agreeable or disagreeable feelings occasioned by objects that are
not corporeal or material.
3. A state of excited interest or feeling, or that
which causes it.
The sensation caused by the appearance of that work
is still remembered by many.
Brougham.
Syn. -- Perception. -- Sensation,
Perseption. The distinction between these words, when
used in mental philosophy, may be thus stated; if I simply smell
a rose, I have a sensation; if I refer that smell to
the external object which occasioned it, I have a
perception. Thus, the former is mere feeling, without
the idea of an object; the latter is the mind's apprehension of
some external object as occasioning that feeling.
\'bdSensation properly expresses that change in
the state of the mind which is produced by an impression
upon an organ of sense (of which change we can conceive the mind
to be conscious, without any knowledge of external objects).
Perception, on the other hand, expresses the
knowledge or the intimations we obtain by means of our
sensations concerning the qualities of matter, and
consequently involves, in every instance, the notion of
externality, or outness, which it is
necessary to exclude in order to seize the precise import of the
word sensation.\'b8 Fleming.
Sen*sa"tion*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to sensation; as, sensational
nerves.
2. Of or pertaining to sensationalism, or the
doctrine that sensation is the sole origin of knowledge.
3. Suited or intended to excite temporarily great
interest or emotion; melodramatic; emotional; as,
sensational plays or novels; sensational
preaching; sensational journalism; a
sensational report.
Sen*sa"tion*al*ism (?), n.
1. (Metaph.) The doctrine held by
Condillac, and by some ascribed to Locke, that our ideas
originate solely in sensation, and consist of sensations
transformed; sensualism; -- opposed to intuitionalism,
and rationalism.
2. The practice or methods of sensational writing
or speaking; as, the sensationalism of a
novel.
Sen*sa"tion*al*ist, n. 1.
(Metaph.) An advocate of, or believer in,
philosophical sensationalism.
2. One who practices sensational writing or
speaking.
Sense (?), n. [L.
sensus, from sentire, sensum, to
perceive, to feel, from the same root as E. send; cf.
OHG. sin sense, mind, sinnan to go, to
journey, G. sinnen to meditate, to think: cf. F.
sens. For the change of meaning cf. See,
v. t. See Send, and cf. Assent,
Consent, Scent, v. t.,
Sentence, Sentient.] 1.
(Physiol.) A faculty, possessed by animals, of
perceiving external objects by means of impressions made upon
certain organs (sensory or sense organs) of the body, or of
perceiving changes in the condition of the body; as, the
senses of sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch.
See Muscular sense, under Muscular, and
Temperature sense, under Temperature.
Let fancy still my sense in Lethe steep.
Shak.
What surmounts the reach
Of human sense I shall delineate.
Milton.
The traitor Sense recalls
The soaring soul from rest.
Keble.
2. Perception by the sensory organs of the body;
sensation; sensibility; feeling.
In a living creature, though never so great, the
sense and the affects of any one part of the body
instantly make a transcursion through the whole.
Bacon.
3. Perception through the intellect; apprehension;
recognition; understanding; discernment; appreciation.
This Basilius, having the quick sense of a
lover.
Sir P. Sidney.
High disdain from sense of injured merit.
Milton.
4. Sound perception and reasoning; correct
judgment; good mental capacity; understanding; also, that which
is sound, true, or reasonable; rational meaning. \'bdHe
speaks sense.\'b8
Shak.
He raves; his words are loose
As heaps of sand, and scattering wide from sense.
Dryden.
5. That which is felt or is held as a sentiment,
view, or opinion; judgment; notion; opinion.
I speak my private but impartial sense
With freedom.
Roscommon.
The municipal council of the city had ceased to speak the
sense of the citizens.
Macaulay.
6. Meaning; import; signification; as, the true
sense of words or phrases; the sense of a
remark.
So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly, and
gave the sense.
Neh. viii. 8.
I think 't was in another sense.
Shak.
7. Moral perception or appreciation.
Some are so hardened in wickedness as to have no
sense of the most friendly offices.
L' Estrange.
8. (Geom.) One of two opposite
directions in which a line, surface, or volume, may be supposed
to be described by the motion of a point, line, or surface.
Common sense, according to Sir W. Hamilton:
(a) \'bdThe complement of those cognitions or
convictions which we receive from nature, which all men possess
in common, and by which they test the truth of knowledge and the
morality of actions.\'b8 (b) \'bdThe faculty of
first principles.\'b8 These two are the philosophical
significations. (c) \'bdSuch ordinary
complement of intelligence, that,if a person be deficient
therein, he is accounted mad or foolish.\'b8 (d)
When the substantive is emphasized: \'bdNative practical
intelligence, natural prudence, mother wit, tact in behavior,
acuteness in the observation of character, in contrast to habits
of acquired learning or of speculation.\'b8 -- Moral
sense. See under Moral,
(a). -- The inner, internal, sense, capacity of the
mind to be aware of its own states; consciousness; reflection.
\'bdThis source of ideas every man has wholly in himself, and
though it be not sense, as having nothing to do with external
objects, yet it is very like it, and might properly enough be
called internal sense.\'b8 Locke. --
Sense capsule (Anat.), one of the
cartilaginous or bony cavities which inclose, more or less
completely, the organs of smell, sight, and hearing. --
Sense organ (Physiol.), a specially
irritable mechanism by which some one natural force or form of
energy is enabled to excite sensory nerves; as the eye, ear, an
end bulb or tactile corpuscle, etc. -- Sense
organule (Anat.), one of the modified
epithelial cells in or near which the fibers of the sensory
nerves terminate.
Syn. -- Understanding; reason. --
Sense, Understanding, Reason. Some
philosophers have given a technical signification to these terms,
which may here be stated. Sense is the mind's acting
in the direct cognition either of material objects or of its own
mental states. In the first case it is called the
outer, in the second the inner, sense.
Understanding is the logical faculty, i. e.,
the power of apprehending under general conceptions, or the power
of classifying, arranging, and making deductions.
Reason is the power of apprehending those first or
fundamental truths or principles which are the conditions of all
real and scientific knowledge, and which control the mind in all
its processes of investigation and deduction. These distinctions
are given, not as established, but simply because they often
occur in writers of the present day.
Sense (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sensed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Sensing.] To
perceive by the senses; to recognize. [Obs. or
Colloq.]
Is he sure that objects are not otherwise sensed by
others than they are by him?
Glanvill.
Sense"ful (?), a. Full of
sense, meaning, or reason; reasonable; judicious.
[R.] \'bdSenseful speech.\'b8
Spenser. \'bdMen, otherwise senseful and
ingenious.\'b8 Norris.
Sense"less, a. Destitute of, deficient
in, or contrary to, sense; without sensibility or feeling;
unconscious; stupid; foolish; unwise; unreasonable.
You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless
things.
Shak.
The ears are senseless that should give us
hearing.
Shak.
The senseless grave feels not your pious
sorrows.
Rowe.
They were a senseless, stupid race.
Swift.
They would repent this their senseless perverseness
when it would be too late.
Clarendon.
--- Sense"less*ly, adv. --
Sense"less*ness, n.
Sen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Sensibilities (#). [Cf. F.
sensibilit\'82, LL. sensibilitas.]
1. (Physiol.) The quality or state of
being sensible, or capable of sensation; capacity to feel or
perceive.
2. The capacity of emotion or feeling, as
distinguished from the intellect and the will; peculiar
susceptibility of impression, pleasurable or painful; delicacy of
feeling; quick emotion or sympathy; as, sensibility
to pleasure or pain; sensibility to shame or praise;
exquisite sensibility; -- often used in the
plural. \'bdSensibilities so fine!\'b8
Cowper.
The true lawgiver ought to have a heart full of
sensibility.
Burke.
His sensibilities seem rather to have been those of
patriotism than of wounded pride.
Marshall.
3. Experience of sensation; actual feeling.
This adds greatly to my sensibility.
Burke.
4. That quality of an instrument which makes it
indicate very slight changes of condition; delicacy; as, the
sensibility of a balance, or of a
thermometer.<-- usu. sensitivity -->
Syn. -- Taste; susceptibility; feeling. See
Taste.
Sen"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L.
sensibilis, fr. sensus sense.]
1. Capable of being perceived by the senses;
apprehensible through the bodily organs; hence, also, perceptible
to the mind; making an impression upon the sense, reason, or
understanding; sensible
resistance.
Air is sensible to the touch by its motion.
Arbuthnot.
The disgrace was more sensible than the pain.
Sir W. Temple.
Any very sensible effect upon the prices of
things.
A. Smith.
2. Having the capacity of receiving impressions
from external objects; capable of perceiving by the
instrumentality of the proper organs; liable to be affected
physsically or mentally; impressible.
Would your cambric were sensible as your
finger.
Shak.
3. Hence: Liable to impression from without; easily
affected; having nice perception or acute feeling; sensitive;
also, readily moved or affected by natural agents; delicate;
as, a sensible thermometer. \'bdWith
affection wondrous sensible.\'b8
Shak.
4. Perceiving or having perception, either by the
senses or the mind; cognizant; perceiving so clearly as to be
convinced; satisfied; persuaded.
He [man] can not think at any time, waking or sleeping,
without being sensible of it.
Locke.
They are now sensible it would have been better to
comply than to refuse.
Addison.
5. Having moral perception; capable of being
affected by moral good or evil.
6. Possessing or containing sense or reason;
giftedwith, or characterized by, good or common sense;
intelligent; wise.
Now a sensible man, by and by a fool.
Shak.
Sensible note tone
(Mus.), the major seventh note of any scale; -- so
called because, being but a half step below the octave, or key
tone, and naturally leading up to that, it makes the ear
sensible of its approaching sound. Called also the
leading tone. -- Sensible
horizon. See Horizon, n., 2.
(a).
Syn. -- Intelligent; wise. --
Sensible, Intelligent. We call a man
sensible whose judgments and conduct are marked and
governed by sound judgment or good common semse. We call one
intelligent who is quick and clear in his
understanding, i. e., who discriminates readily and
nicely in respect to difficult and important distinction. The
sphere of the sensible man lies in matters of
practical concern; of the intelligent man, in subjects
of intellectual interest. \'bdI have been tired with accounts
from sensible men, furnished with matters of fact
which have happened within their own knowledge.\'b8
Addison. \'bdTrace out numerous footsteps . . . of a
most wise and intelligent architect throughout all
this stupendous fabric.\'b8
Woodward.
Sen"si*ble (?), n. 1.
Sensation; sensibility. [R.] \'b8Our
temper changed . . . which must needs remove the
sensible of pain.\'b8
Milton.
2. That which impresses itself on the sense;
anything perceptible.
Aristotle distinguished sensibles into common and
proper.
Krauth-Fleming.
3. That which has sensibility; a sensitive
being. [R.]
This melancholy extends itself not to men only, but even to
vegetals and sensibles.
Burton.
Sen"si*ble*ness, n. 1. The
quality or state of being sensible; sensibility; appreciation;
capacity of perception; susceptibility. \'bdThe
sensibleness of the eye.\'b8 Sharp.
\'bdSensibleness and sorrow for sin.\'b8
Hammond.
The sensibleness of the divine presence.
Hallywell.
2. Intelligence; reasonableness; good sense.
Sen"si*bly, adv. 1. In a
sensible manner; so as to be perceptible to the senses or to the
mind; appreciably; with perception; susceptibly;
sensitively.
What remains past cure,
Bear not too sensibly.
Milton.
2. With intelligence or good sense;
judiciously.
Sen`si*fa"cient (?), a. [L.
sensus sense + facere to make.]
Converting into sensation.
Huxley.
Sen*sif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
sensifer; sensus sense + ferre
to bear.] Exciting sensation; conveying
sensation.
Huxley.
Sen*sif"ic (?), a. [L.
sensificus; sensus sense +
facere to make.] Exciting sensation.
Sen*sif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a.
Susceptible of, or converting into, sensation; as, the
sensificatory part of a nervous system.
Huxley.
Sen*sig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
sensus sense + -genous.] Causing
or exciting sensation.
Huxley.
Sens"ism (?), n. Same as
Sensualism, 2 & 3.
Sens"ist, n. One who, in philosophy,
holds to sensism.
Sen"si*tive (?), a. [F.
sensitif. See Sense.] 1.
Having sense of feeling; possessing or exhibiting the
capacity of receiving impressions from external objects; as,
a sensitive soul.
2. Having quick and acute sensibility, either to
the action of external objects, or to impressions upon the mind
and feelings; highly susceptible; easily and acutely
affected.
She was too sensitive to abuse and calumny.
Macaulay.
3. (a) (Mech.) Having a
capacity of being easily affected or moved; as, a
sensitive thermometer; sensitive
scales. (b) (Chem. & Photog.)
Readily affected or changed by certain appropriate agents;
as, silver chloride or bromide, when in contact with certain
organic substances, is extremely sensitive to actinic
rays.
4. Serving to affect the sense; sensible.
[R.]
A sensitive love of some sensitive objects.
Hammond.
5. Of or pertaining to sensation; depending on
sensation; as, sensitive motions; sensitive
muscular motions excited by irritation.
E. Darwin.
Sensitive fern (Bot.), an American
fern (Onoclea sensibilis), the leaves of which, when
plucked, show a slight tendency to fold together. --
Sensitive flame (Physics), a gas flame
so arranged that under a suitable adjustment of pressure it is
exceedingly sensitive to sounds, being caused to roar, flare, or
become suddenly shortened or extinguished, by slight sounds of
the proper pitch. -- Sensitive joint vetch
(Bot.), an annual leguminous herb
(\'92schynomene hispida), with sensitive foliage.
-- Sensitive paper, paper prepared for
photographic purpose by being rendered sensitive to the effect of
light. -- Sensitive plant. (Bot.)
(a) A leguminous plant (Mimosa pudica, or
M. sensitiva, and other allied species), the leaves of
which close at the slightest touch. (b) Any
plant showing motions after irritation, as the sensitive brier
(Schrankia) of the Southern States, two common
American species of Cassia (C. nictitans, and C.
Cham\'91crista), a kind of sorrel (Oxalis
sensitiva), etc.
<-- p. 1311 -->
-- Sen"si*tive*ly (#),
adv. -- Sen"si*tive*ness,
n.
Sen`si*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being sensitive; -- used chiefly in science
and the arts; as, the sensitivity of iodized
silver.
Sensitivity and emotivity have also been used as
the scientific term for the capacity of feeling.
Hickok.
Sen"si*tize (?), v. t.
(Photog.) To render sensitive, or susceptible of
being easily acted on by the actinic rays of the sun; as,
sensitized paper or plate.
Sen"si*ti`zer (?), n.
(Photog.) An agent that sensitizes.
The sensitizer should be poured on the middle of
the sheet.
Wilis & Clements (The Platinotype).
Sen"si*to*ry (?), n. See
Sensory.
Sens"ive (?), a. Having sense
or sensibility; sensitive. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Sen"sor (?), a. Sensory;
as, the sensor nerves.
Sen*so"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
sensorial. See Sensorium.] Of or
pertaining to the sensorium; as, sensorial
faculties, motions, powers.
A. Tucker.
Sen*so"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E.
Sensoriums (#), L. Sensoria
(#). [L., fr. sentire,
sensum, to discern or perceive by the
senses.] (Physiol.) The seat of
sensation; the nervous center or centers to which impressions
from the external world must be conveyed before they can be
perceived; the place where external impressions are localized,
and transformed into sensations, prior to being reflected to
other parts of the organism; hence, the whole nervous system,
when animated, so far as it is susceptible of common or special
sensations.
Sen*so`ri-vo*li"tion*al (?), a.
(Physiol.) Concerned both in sensation and
volition; -- applied to those nerve fibers which pass to and from
the cerebro-spinal axis, and are respectively concerned in
sensation and volition.
Dunglison.
Sen"se*ry (?), n.; pl.
Sensories (. (Physiol.)
Same as Sensorium.
Sen"so*ry, a. (Physiol.) Of
or pertaining to the sensorium or sensation; as,
sensory impulses; -- especially applied to those nerves
and nerve fibers which convey to a nerve center impulses
resulting in sensation; also sometimes loosely employed in the
sense of afferent, to indicate nerve fibers which convey
impressions of any kind to a nerve center.
Sen"su*al (?), a. [L.
sensualis, from sensus sense: cf. F.
sensuel.] 1. Pertaining to,
consisting in, or affecting, the sense, or bodily organs of
perception; relating to, or concerning, the body, in distinction
from the spirit.
Pleasing and sensual rites and ceremonies.
Bacon.
Far as creation's ample range extends,
The scale of sensual, mental powers ascends.
Pope.
2. Hence, not spiritual or intellectual; carnal;
fleshly; pertaining to, or consisting in, the gratification of
the senses, or the indulgence of appetites; wordly.
These be they who separate themselves, sensual,
having not the Spirit.
Jude 19.
The greatest part of men are such as prefer . . . that good
which is sensual before whatsoever is most divine.
Hooker.
3. Devoted to the pleasures of sense and appetite;
luxurious; voluptuous; lewd; libidinous.
No small part of virtue consists in abstaining from that
wherein sensual men place their felicity.
Atterbury.
4. Pertaining or peculiar to the philosophical
doctrine of sensualism.
Sen"su*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
sensualisme.] 1. The condition or
character of one who is sensual; subjection to sensual feelings
and appetite; sensuality.
2. (Philos.) The doctrine that all our
ideas, or the operations of the understanding, not only originate
in sensation, but are transformed sensations, copies or relics of
sensations; sensationalism; sensism.
3. (Ethics) The regarding of the
gratification of the senses as the highest good.
Krauth-Fleming.
Sen"su*al*ist, n. [CF. F.
sensualiste.] 1. One who is
sensual; one given to the indulgence of the appetites or senses
as the means of happiness.
2. One who holds to the doctrine of
sensualism.
Sen`su*al*is"tic (?), a. 1.
Sensual.
2. Adopting or teaching the doctrines of
sensualism.
Sen`su*al"i*ty (?), n. [CF. F.
sensualit\'82, L. sensualitas sensibility,
capacity for sensation.] The quality or state of being
sensual; devotedness to the gratification of the bodily
appetites; free indulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures;
luxuriousness; voluptuousness; lewdness.
Those pampered animals
That rage in savage sensuality.
Shak.
They avoid dress, lest they should have affections tainted by
any sensuality.
Addison.
Sen`su*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of sensualizing, or the state of being sensualized.
Sen"su*al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sensualized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sensualizing
(?).] To make sensual; to subject to
the love of sensual pleasure; to debase by carnal gratifications;
to carnalize; as, sensualized by
pleasure.
Pope.
By the neglect of prayer, the thoughts are
sensualized.
T. H. Skinner.
Sen"su*al*ly, adv. In a sensual
manner.
Sen"su*al*ness, n. Sensuality;
fleshliness.
Sen"su*ism (?), n.
Sensualism.
Sen`su*os"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being sensuous; sensuousness.
[R.]
Sen"su*ous (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to the senses, or sensible objects;
addressing the senses; suggesting pictures or images of
sense.
To this poetry would be made precedent, as being less subtle
and fine, but more simple, sensuous, and
passionate.
Milton.
2. Highly susceptible to influence through the
senses.
-- Sen"su*ous*ly (#),
adv. -- Sen"su*ous*ness,
n.
Sent (?), v. & n. See
Scent, v. & n. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Sent, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of
Send, for sendeth.
Sent, imp. & p. p. of
Send.
Sen"tence (?), n. [F., from L.
sententia, for sentientia, from
sentire to discern by the senses and the mind, to
feel, to think. See Sense, n., and cf.
Sentiensi.] 1. Sense; meaning;
significance. [Obs.]
Tales of best sentence and most solace.
Chaucer.
The discourse itself, voluble enough, and full of
sentence.
Milton.
2. (a) An opinion; a decision; a
determination; a judgment, especially one of an unfavorable
nature.
My sentence is for open war.
Milton.
That by them [Luther's works] we may pass sentence
upon his doctrines.
Atterbury.
(b) A philosophical or theological opinion; a
dogma; as, Summary of the Sentences; Book of the
Sentences.
3. (Law) In civil and admiralty law, the
judgment of a court pronounced in a cause; in criminal and
ecclesiastical courts, a judgment passed on a criminal by a court
or judge; condemnation pronounced by a judgical tribunal; doom.
In common law, the term is exclusively used to denote the
judgment in criminal cases.
Received the sentence of the law.
Shak.
4. A short saying, usually containing moral
instruction; a maxim; an axiom; a saw.
Broome.
5. (Gram.) A combination of words which
is complete as expressing a thought, and in writing is marked at
the close by a period, or full point. See Proposition,
4.
Sentences are simple or compound. A
simple sentence consists of one subject and one finite verb; as,
\'bdThe Lord reigns.\'b8 A compound sentence contains two or more
subjects and finite verbs, as in this verse: -
He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all.
Pope.
Dark sentence, a saving not easily
explained.
A king . . . understanding dark sentences.
Dan. vii. 23.
Sen"tence, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sentenced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sentencing (?).]
1. To pass or pronounce judgment upon; to doom; to
condemn to punishment; to prescribe the punishment of.
Nature herself is sentenced in your doom.
Dryden.
2. To decree or announce as a sentence.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To utter sentenciously.
[Obs.]
Feltham.
Sen"ten*cer (?), n. One who
pronounced a sentence or condemnation.
sen*ten"tial (?), a. 1.
Comprising sentences; as, a sentential
translation.
Abp. Newcome.
2. Of or pertaining to a sentence, or full period;
as, a sentential pause.
Sen*ten"tial*ly, adv. In a sentential
manner.
Sen*ten"ti*a*rist (?), n. A
sententiary.
Barnas Sears (Life of Luther).
Sen*ten"ti*ary (?), n. [LL.
sententiarius.] One who read lectures, or
commented, on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris
(1159-1160), a school divine.
R. Henry.
Sen*ten`ti*os"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being sententious. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Sen*ten"tious (?), a.[L.
sentenciosus: cf. F. sentencieux.]
1. Abounding with sentences, axioms, and maxims;
full of meaning; terse and energetic in expression; pithy;
as, a sententious style or discourse;
sententious truth.
How he apes his sire,
Ambitiously sententious!
Addison.
2. Comprising or representing sentences;
sentential. [Obs.] \'bdSententious
marks.\'b8
Grew.
--- Sen*ten"tious*ly, adv. --
Sen*ten"tious*ness, n.
Sen"ter*y (?), n. A
sentry. [Obs.]
Milton.
Sen"teur (?), n. [F.]
Scent. [Obs.]
Holland.
{ Sen"ti*ence (?), Sen"ti*en*cy
(?), } n. [See Sentient,
Sentence.] The quality or state of being
sentient; esp., the quality or state of having sensation.
G. H. Lewes
An example of harmonious action between the intelligence and
the sentieny of the mind.
Earle.
Sen"ti*ent (?), a. [L.
sentiens, -entis, p. pr. of
sentire to discern or perceive by the senses. See
Sense.] Having a faculty, or faculties, of
sensation and perception. Specif. (Physiol.),
especially sensitive; as, the sentient extremities
of nerves, which terminate in the various organs or
tissues.
Sen"ti*ent, n. One who has the faculty
of perception; a sentient being.
Sen"ti*ent*ly, adv. In a sentient or
perceptive way.
Sen"ti*ment (?), n. [OE.
sentement, OF. sentement, F.
sentiment, fr. L. sentire to perceive by
the senses and mind, to feel, to think. See Sentient,
a.] 1. A thought prompted by
passion or feeling; a state of mind in view of some subject;
feeling toward or respecting some person or thing; disposition
prompting to action or expression.
The word sentiment, agreeably to the use made of it
by our best English writers, expresses, in my own opinion very
happily, those complex determinations of the mind which result
from the co\'94peration of our rational powers and of our moral
feelings.
Stewart.
Alike to council or the assembly came,
With equal souls and sentiments the same.
Pope.
2. Hence, generally, a decision of the mind formed
by deliberation or reasoning; thought; opinion; notion; judgment;
as, to express one's sentiments on a
subject.
Sentiments of philosophers about the perception of
external objects.
Reid.
Sentiment, as here and elsewhere employed by Reid in the
meaning of opinion (sententia), is not to be imitated.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. A sentence, or passage, considered as the
expression of a thought; a maxim; a saying; a toast.
4. Sensibility; feeling; tender
susceptibility.
Mr. Hume sometimes employs (after the manner of the French
metaphysicians) sentiment as synonymous with feeling;
a use of the word quite unprecedented in our tongue.
Stewart.
Less of sentiment than sense.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Thought; opinion; notion; sensibility;
feeling. -- Sentiment, Opinion,
Feeling. An opinion is an intellectual
judgment in respect to any and every kind of truth.
Feeling describes those affections of pleasure and
pain which spring from the exercise of our sentient and emotional
powers. Sentiment (particularly in the plural) lies
between them, denoting settled opinions or principles
in regard to subjects which interest the feelings strongly, and
are presented more or less constantly in practical life. Hence,
it is more appropriate to speak of our religious
sentiments than opinions, unless we mean to
exclude all reference to our feelings. The word
sentiment, in the singular, leans ordinarily more to
the side of feeling, and denotes a refined sensibility on
subjects affecting the heart. \'bdOn questions of feeling, taste,
observation, or report, we define our sentiments. On
questions of science, argument, or metaphysical abstraction, we
define our opinions. The sentiments of the
heart. The opinions of the mind . . . There is more of
instinct in sentiment, and more of definition in
opinion. The admiration of a work of art which results
from first impressions is classed with our sentiments;
and, when we have accounted to ourselves for the approbation, it
is classed with our opinions.\'b8 W.
Taylor.
Sen`ti*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F.
sentimental.] 1. Having,
expressing, or containing a sentiment or sentiments; abounding
with moral reflections; containing a moral reflection;
didactic. [Obsoles.]
Nay, ev'n each moral sentimental stroke,
Where not the character, but poet, spoke,
He lopped, as foreign to his chaste design,
Nor spared a useless, though a golden line.
Whitehead.
2. Inclined to sentiment; having an excess of
sentiment or sensibility; indulging the sensibilities for their
own sake; artificially or affectedly tender; -- often in a
reproachful sense.
A sentimental mind is rather prone to overwrought
feeling and exaggerated tenderness.
Whately.
3. Addressed or pleasing to the emotions only,
usually to the weaker and the unregulated emotions.
Syn. -- Romantic. -- Sentimental,
Romantic. Sentimental usually describes an
error or excess of the sensibilities; romantic, a vice
of the imagination. The votary of the former gives indulgence to
his sensibilities for the mere luxury of their excitement; the
votary of the latter allows his imagination to rove for the
pleasure of creating scenes of ideal enjoiment. \'bdPerhaps there
is no less danger in works called sentimental. They
attack the heart more successfully, because more cautiously.\'b8
V. Knox. \'bdI can not but look on an indifferency of
mind, as to the good or evil things of this life, as a mere
romantic fancy of such who would be thought to be much
wiser than they ever were, or could be.\'b8 Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Sen`ti*men"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf.
F. sentimentalisme.] The quality of being
sentimental; the character or behavior of a sentimentalist;
sentimentality.
Sen`ti*men"tal*ist, n. [Cf. F.
sentimentaliste.] One who has, or affects,
sentiment or fine feeling.
Sen`ti*men*tal"i*ty (?), n.
[CF. F. sentimentalit\'82.] The
quality or state of being sentimental.
Sen`ti*men"tal*ize (?), v. t.
To regard in a sentimental manner; as, to
sentimentalize a subject.
Sen`ti*men"tal*ize, v. i. To think or
act in a sentimental manner, or like a sentimentalist; to affect
exquisite sensibility.
C. Kingsley.
Sen`ti*men"tal*ly, adv. In a sentimental
manner.
Sen"tine (?), n. [L.
sentina bilge water, hold of a ship, dregs: cf. F.
sentine.] A place for dregs and dirt; a
sink; a sewer. [Obs.]
Latimer.
Sen"ti*nel, n. [F. sentinelle
(cf. It. sentinella); probably originally, a litle
path, the sentinel's beat,, and a dim. of a word meaning, path;
cf. F. sente path. L. semita; and OF.
sentine, sentele, senteret,
diminutive words. Cf. Sentry.] 1.
One who watches or guards; specifically (Mil.), a
soldier set to guard an army, camp, or other place, from
surprise, to observe the approach of danger, and give notice of
it; a sentry.
The sentinels who paced the ramparts.
Macaulay.
2. Watch; guard. [Obs.] \'bdThat
princes do keep due sentinel.\'b8
Bacon.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A marine crab
(Podophthalmus vigil) native of the Indian Ocean,
remarkable for the great length of its eyestalks; -- called also
sentinel crab.
Sen"ti*nel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sentineled (?) or
Sentinelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sentineling or Sentinelling.]
1. To watch over like a sentinel. \'bdTo
sentinel enchanted land.\'b8 [R.]
Sir W. Scott.
2. To furnish with a sentinel; to place under the
guard of a sentinel or sentinels.
Sen`ti*sec"tion (?), n. [L.
sentire to feel + E. section.]
Painful vivisection; -- opposed to
callisection.
B. G. Wilder.
Sen"try (?), n.; pl.
Sentires (#). [Probably from OF.
senteret a little patch; cf. F. sentier
path, and OF. sente. See Sentinel.]
1. (Mil.) A soldier placed on guard; a
sentinel.
2. Guard; watch, as by a sentinel.
Here toils, and death, and death's half-brother, sleep,
Forms terrible to view, their sentry keep.
Dryden.
Sentry box, a small house or box to cover a
sentinel at his post, and shelter him from the weather.
\'d8Sen"za (?), prep.
[It.] (Mus.) Without; as,
senza stromenti, without instruments.
Se"pal (?), n. [NL.
sepalum, formed in imitation of NL.
petalum, petal, to denote one of the divisions of the
calyx: cf. F. s\'82pale.] (Bot.)
A leaf or division of the calyx.
monosepalous; when of two parts, it is said to
be disepalous; when of a variable and indefinite
number of parts, it is said to be polysepalous; when
of several parts united, it is properly called
gamosepalous.
<-- p. 1312 -->
Se"paled (?), a. (Bot.)
Having one or more sepals.
Sep"al*ine (?), a. (Bot.)
Relating to, or having the nature of, sepals.
Se*pal"o*dy (?), n.
[Sepal + Gr.
(Bot.) The metamorphosis of other floral organs
into sepals or sepaloid bodies.
Sep"al*oid (?), a.
[Sepal + -oid.]
(Bot.) Like a sepal, or a division of a
calyx.
Sep"al*ous (?), a. (Bot.)
Having, or relating to, sepals; -- used mostly in
composition. See under Sepal.
Sep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Quality of being separable or divisible; divisibility;
separableness.
Sep"a*ra*ble (?), a. [L.
separabilis: cf. F. s\'82parable.]
Capable of being separated, disjoined, disunited, or
divided; as, the separable parts of plants;
qualities not separable from the substance in which they
exist. -- Sep"a*ra*ble*ness,
n. -- Sep"a*ra*bly,
adv.
Trials permit me not to doubt of the separableness
of a yellow tincture from gold.
Boyle.
Sep"a*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Separated
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Separating.] [L. separatus,
p. p. of separare to separate; pfref. se-
aside + parare to make ready, prepare. See
Parade, and cf. Sever.] 1.
To disunite; to divide; to disconnect; to sever; to part in
any manner.
From the fine gold I separate the alloy.
Dryden.
Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me.
Gen. xiii. 9.
Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?
Rom. viii. 35.
2. To come between; to keep apart by occupying the
space between; to lie between; as, the Mediterranean Sea
separates Europe and Africa.
3. To set apart; to select from among others, as
for a special use or service.
Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work
whereunto I have called thaem.
Acts xiii. 2.
Separated flowers (Bot.), flowers
which have stamens and pistils in separate flowers; diclinous
flowers.
Gray.
Sep"a*rate, v. i. To part; to become
disunited; to be disconnected; to withdraw from one another;
as, the family separated.
Sep"a*rate (?), p. a. [L.
separatus, p. p. ] 1. Divided from
another or others; disjoined; disconnected; separated; -- said of
things once connected.
Him that was separate from his brethren.
Gen. xlix. 26.
2. Unconnected; not united or associated; distinct;
-- said of things that have not been connected.
For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless,
undefiled, separate from sinnere.
Heb. vii. 26.
3. Disunited from the body; disembodied; as, a
separate spirit; the separate state of
souls.
Separate estate (Law), an estate
limited to a married woman independent of her husband. --
Separate maintenance (Law), an
allowance made to a wife by her husband under deed of
separation.
-- Sep"a*rate*ly, adv. --
Sep"a*rate*ness, n.
Sep`a*rat"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to separatism in religion; schismatical.
[R.]
Dr. T. Dwight.
Sep"a*ra`ting (?), a. Designed
or employed to separate.
Separating funnel (Chem.), a
funnel, often globe-shaped, provided with a stopcock for the
separate drawing off of immiscible liquids of different specific
gravities.
Sep`a*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
separatio: cf. F. s\'82paration.]
The act of separating, or the state of being separated, or
separate. Specifically: (a) Chemical
analysis. (b) Divorce. (c)
(Steam Boilers) The operation of removing water
from steam.
Judicial separation (Law), a form
of divorce; a separation of man and wife which has the effect of
making each a single person for all legal purposes but without
ability to contract a new marriage. Mozley &
W.
Sep"a*ra*tism (?), n. [CF. F.
s\'82paratisme.] The character or act of a
separatist; disposition to withdraw from a church; the practice
of so withdrawing.
Sep`a*ra*tist (?), n. [Cf. F.
s\'82paratiste.] One who withdraws or
separates himself; especially, one who withdraws from a church to
which he has belonged; a seceder from an established church; a
dissenter; a nonconformist; a schismatic; a sectary.
Heavy fines on divines who should preach in any meeting of
separatist .
Macaulay.
Sep`a*ra*tis"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to separatists; characterizing separatists;
schismatical.
Sep"a*ra*tive (?), a. [L.
separativus.] Causing, or being to cause,
separation. \'bdSeparative virtue of extreme
cold.\'b8
Boyle.
Sep"a*ra`tor (?), n. [L.]
One who, or that which, separates. Specifically:
(a) (Steam Boilers) A device for
depriving steam of particles of water mixed with it.
(b) (Mining) An apparatus for sorting
pulverized ores into grades, or separating them from
gangue. (c) (Weaving) An
instrument used for spreading apart the threads of the warp in
the loom, etc.
Sep"a*ra*to*ry (?), a.
Separative.
Cheyne.
Sep"a*ra*to*ry, n. [Cf. F.
s\'82paratoire.] 1. (Chem.)
An apparatus used in separating, as a separating
funnel.
2. (Surg.) A surgical instrument for
separating the pericranium from the cranium.
[Obs.]
Sep`a*ra"trix (?), n.; pl. L.
-trices (#), E. -trixes
(#). [L., she that separates.]
(Arith.) The decimal point; the dot placed at the
left of a decimal fraction, to separate it from the whole number
which it follows. The term is sometimes also applied to other
marks of separation.
Se*pawn" (?), n. See
Supawn. [Local, U.S.]
Sep"e*li*ble (?), a. [L.
sepelibilis, fr. sepelire to bury.]
Admitting of burial. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Sep`e*li"tion (?), n.
Burial. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Se"phen (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large sting ray of the genus
Trygon, especially T. sephen of the Indian
Ocean and the Red Sea. The skin is an article of commerce.
Se"pi*a (?), n.; pl. E.
Sepias (#), L. Sepi\'91
(#). [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The common European cuttlefish. (b) A
genus comprising the common cuttlefish and numerous similar
species. See Illustr. under Cuttlefish.
2. A pigment prepared from the ink, or black
secretion, of the sepia, or cuttlefish. Treated with caustic
potash, it has a rich brown color; and this mixed with a red
forms Roman sepia. Cf. India ink, under
India.
Sepia drawing picture, a drawing in monochrome, made in
sepia alone, or in sepia with other brown pigments.
Se"pi*a, a. Of a dark brown color, with
a little red in its composition; also, made of, or done in,
sepia.
Se"pic (?), a. Of or pertaining
to sepia; done in sepia; as, a sepic
drawing.
Sep`i*da"ceous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the cuttlefishes
of the genus Sepia.
Sep"i*ment (?), n. [L.
sepimentum, saepimentum, from
sepire, saepire, to hedge in.]
Something that separates; a hedge; a fence.
[R.]
Bailey.
Se"pi*o*lite` (?), n.
[Septa + -lite.]
(Min.) Meerschaum. See Meerschaum.
Se"pi*o*stare` (?), n.
[Sepia + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The bone or shell of cuttlefish. See
Illust. under Cuttlefish.
Se*pon" (#), n. See
Supawn. [Local, U.S.]
Se*pose" (?), v. t. [L. pref
se- aside + E. pose.] To set
apart. [Obs.]
Donne.
Se*pos"it (?), v. t. [L.
sepositus, p. p. of seponere to set
aside.] To set aside; to give up.
[Obs.]
Sep`o*si"tion (, n. [L.
sepositio.] The act of setting aside, or of
giving up. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Se"poy (?), n. [Per.
sip\'beh\'c6, fr. sip\'beh an army. Cf.
Spahi.] A native of India employed as a
soldier in the service of a European power, esp. of Great
Britain; an Oriental soldier disciplined in the European
manner.
\'d8Sep*pu"ku (?), n. Same as
Hara-kiri.
Seppuku, or hara-kiri, also came into vogue.
W. E. Griffis.
Sep"sin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A soluble
poison (ptomaine) present in putrid blood. It is also formed in
the putrefaction of proteid matter in general.
\'d8Sep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Med.) The
poisoning of the system by the introduction of putrescent
material into the blood.
Sept (?), n. [A corruption of
sect, n.] A clan, tribe, or family,
proceeding from a common progenitor; -- used especially of the
ancient clans in Ireland.
The chief, struck by the illustration, asked at once to be
baptized, and all his sept followed his example.
S. Lover.
\'d8Sep*t\'91"mi*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Med.) Septic\'91mia.
Sep"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a septum or septa, as of a coral or a shell.
Sep"tane (?), n. [L.
septem seven.] (Chem.) See
Heptane. [R.]
Sep"tan`gle (?), n.
[Septi- + angle.]
(Geom.) A figure which has seven angles; a
heptagon. [R.]
Sep*tan"gu*lar (?), a.
Heptagonal.
\'d8Sep*ta"ri*um (?), n.;pl.
Septaria (#). [NL., fr. L.
septum, saeptum, an inclosure, a partition,
fr. sepire, saepire, to inclose.]
(Geol.) A flattened concretionary nodule, usually
of limestone, intersected within by cracks which are often filled
with calcite, barite, or other minerals.
Sep"tate (?), a. [L.
septum, saeptum, partition.]
Divided by partition or partitions; having septa; as, a
septate pod or shell.
Sep*tem"ber (?), n. [L., fr.
septem seven, as being the seventh month of the Roman
year, which began with March: cf. F. septembre. See
Seven.] The ninth month of the year,
containing thurty days.
Sep*tem"ber*er (?), n. A
Setembrist.
Carlyle.
Sep*tem"brist (?), n. [F.
septembriste.] An agent in the massacres in
Paris, committed in patriotic frenzy, on the 22d of September,
1792.
Sep*tem"flu*ous (?), a.[L.
septemfluus; septem seven +
fluere to flow.] Flowing sevenfold; divided
into seven streams or currents. [R.]
Fuller.
Sep*tem"par*tite (?), a. [L.
septem seven + E. partite.]
Divided nearly to the base into seven parts; as, a
septempartite leaf.
Sep*tem"tri*oun (?), n.
Septentrion. [Obs.]
\'d8Sep*tem"vir (?), n.; pl. E.
Septemvirs (#), L. Septemviri
(#). [L. septemviri, pl.;
septem seven + viri, pl. of vir
man.] (Rom. Hist.) One of a board of seven
men associated in some office.
Sep*tem"vi*rate (?), n.[L.
septemviratus.] The office of septemvir; a
government by septimvirs.
Sep"ten*a*ry (?), a. [L.
septenairus, from septeni seven each,
septem seven: cf. F. sept\'82naire. See
Seven. ] 1. Consisting of, or
relating to, seven; as, a septenary
number.
I. Watts.
2. Lasting seven years; continuing seven
years. \'bdSeptenary penance.\'b8
Fuller.
Sep"ten*a*ry, n. The number seven.
[R.]
Holinshed.
Sep"ten*ate (?), a. [L.
septeni seven each.] (Bot.)
Having parts in sevens; heptamerous.
Sep*ten"nate (?), n. [F.
septennat.] A period of seven years;
as, the septennate during which the President of the
French Republic holds office.
Sep*ten"ni*al (?), a. [L.
septennium a period of seven years; septem
seven + annus year. See Seven, and
Annual.] 1. Lasting or continuing
seven years; as, septennial parliaments.
2. Happening or returning once in every seven
years; as, septennial elections in
England.
Sep*ten"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in seven
years.
Sep*ten"tri*al (?), a.
Septentrional.
Drayton.
\'d8Sep*ten"tri*o (?), n. [L.
See Septentrion.] (Astron.) The
constellation Ursa Major.
Sep*ten"tri*on (?), n. [L.
septentrio the northern regions, the north, fr.
septentriones the seven stars near the north pole,
called Charles's Wain, or the Great Bear, also those called the
Little Bear; properly, the seven plow oxen; septem
seven + trio, orig., a plow ox: cf. F.
septentrion.] The north or northern
regions.
Shak.
Both East West, South and Septentrioun.
Chaucer.
{ Sep*ten"tri*on (?),
Sep*ten"tri*on*al (?), } a.
[L. septentrionalis: cf. F.
septentrional.] Of or pertaining to the
north; northern. \'bdFrom cold septentrion
blasts.\'b8
Milton.
Sep*ten`tri*on*al"i*ty (?), n.
Northerliness.
Sep*ten"tri*on*al*ly (?), adv.
Northerly.
Sep*ten"tri*on*ate (?), v. i.
To tend or point toward the north; to north.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Sep*tet", Sep*tette" }
(?), n. [From L. septem
seven, like duet, from L. duo.]
1. A set of seven persons or objects; as, a
septet of singers.
2. (Mus.) A musical composition for
seven instruments or seven voices; -- called also
septuor.
Sept"foil (?), n. [F.
sept seven (L. septem) + E. foil
leaf: cf. L. septifolium.] 1.
(Bot.) A European herb, the tormentil. See
Tormentil.
2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation
having seven lobes. Cf. Cinquefoil,
Quarterfoil, and Trefoil.
3. (Eccl.Art.) A typical figure,
consisting of seven equal segments of a circle, used to denote
the gifts of the Holy Chost, the seven sacraments as recognized
by the Roman Catholic Church, etc. [R.]
Sep"ti- (?), [L. septem
seven.] A combining form meaning seven;
as, septifolious, seven-leaved;
septi-lateral, seven-sided.
Sep"tic (?), a.
[Septi- + -ic.]
(Math.) Of the seventh degree or order. --
n. (Alg.) A quantic of the
seventh degree.
{ Sep"tic (?), Sep"tic*al
(?), } a. [L. septicus,
Gr. septique.] Having power to promote
putrefaction.
Sep"tic, n. A substance that promotes
putrefaction.
\'d8Sep`ti*c\'91"mi*a (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. (Med.) A poisoned condition of the
blood produced by the absorption into it of septic or putrescent
material; blood poisoning. It is marked by chills, fever,
prostration, and inflammation of the different serous membranes
and of the lungs, kidneys, and other organs.
<-- Now septicemia. A condition caused by bacterial infection,
the effects being mediated by the release of toxins by bacteria,
within the circulation. (local infection is sepsis) Also
septemia, septic fever, hematosepsis, sapremia -->
Sep"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a
septic manner; in a manner tending to promote putrefaction.
Sep"ti*ci`dal (?), a.
[Septum + L. caedere to cut: cf. F.
septicide.] (Bot.) Dividing the
partitions; -- said of a method of dehiscence in which a pod
splits through the partitions and is divided into its component
carpels.
Sep*tic"i*ty (?), n. [See
Septic.] Tendency to putrefaction; septic
quality.
Sep`ti*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
septifariam sevenfold. Cf. Bifarious.]
(Bot.) Turned in seven different ways.
Sep*tif"er*ous (?), a.
[Septum + -ferous: cf. F.
septif\'8are.] (Bot.) Bearing a
partition; -- said of the valves of a capsule.
Sep*tif"er*ous, a. [Gr. -ferous.] Conveying putrid
poison; as, the virulence of septiferous
matter.
Sep*tif"lu*ous (?), a. [CF.
Septemfluous.] Flowing in seven streams;
septemfluous.
Sep`ti*fo"li*ous (?), a.
[Septi- + L. folium leaf.]
(Bot.) Having seven leaves.
Sep"ti*form (?), a.
[Septum + -form.] Having
the form of a septum.
Sep*tif"ra*gal (?), a.
[Septum + L. frangere,
fractum, to break.] (Bot.)
Breaking from the partitions; -- said of a method of
dehiscence in which the valves of a pod break away from the
partitions, and these remain attached to the common axis.
Sep`ti*lat"er*al (?), a.
[Septi- + lateral.] Having
seven sides; as, a septilateral figure.
Sep*til"lion (?), n. [F.
septilion, formed fr. L. septem seven, in
imitation of million.] According to the
French method of numeration (which is followed also in the United
States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-four ciphers
annexed. According to the English method, the number expressed by
a unit with forty-two ciphers annexed. See
Numeration.
Sep"ti*mole (?), n. [L.
septem seven.] (Mus.) A group of
seven notes to be played in the time of four or six.
Sep*tin"su*lar (?), a.
[Septi- + insular.]
Consisting of seven islands; as, the
septinsular republic of the Ionian Isles.
Sep"ti*syl`la*ble (?), n.
[Septi- + syllable.] A word
of seven syllables.
Sep*to"ic (?), a. [L.
septem seven.] (Chem.) See
Heptoic. [R.]
Sep`to*max"il*la*ry (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the nasal septum and
the maxilla; situated in the region of these parts. --
n. A small bone between the nasal septum
and the maxilla in many reptiles and amphibians.
Sep`tu*a*ge*na"ri*an (?), n. A
person who is seventy years of age; a septuagenary.
Sep`tu*ag"e*na*ry (?), a. [L.
septuagenarius, fr. septuageny seventy
each; akin to septuaginta seventy, septem
seven. See Seven.] Consisting of seventy;
also, seventy years old. -- n. A
septuagenarian.
\'d8Sep`tu*a*ges"i*ma (?), n.
[NL., fr. L. septuagesimus the seventieth, fr.
septuaginta seventy.] (Eccl.)
The third Sunday before Lent; -- so called because it is
about seventy days before Easter.
<-- p. 1313 -->
Sep`tu*a*ges"i*mal (?), a.
Consisting of seventy days, years, etc.; reckoned by
seventies.
Our abridged and septuagesimal age.
Sir T. Browne.
Sep"tu*a*gint (?), n. [From L.
septuaginta seventy.] A Greek version of
the Old Testament; -- so called because it was believed to be the
work of seventy (or rather of seventy-two) translators.
Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)
Septuagint chronology, the chronology founded
upon the dates of the Septuagint, which makes 1500 years more
from the creation to Abraham than the Hebrew Bible.
Sep"tu*a*ry (?), n. [L.
septem seven.] Something composed of seven;
a week. [R.]
Ash.
Sep"tu*late (?), a. [Dim. fr.
septum.] (Bot.) Having imperfect
or spurious septa.
\'d8Sep"tu*lum (?), n.; pl.
Septula (#). [NL., dim. of L.
septum septum.] (Anat.) A little
septum; a division between small cavities or parts.
\'d8Sep"tum (?), n.; pl.
Septa (#). [L. septum,
saeptum, an inclosure, hedge, fence, fr.
sepire, saepire, to hedge in,
inclose.] 1. A wall separating two cavities;
a partition; as, the nasal septum.
2. (Bot.) A partition that separates the
cells of a fruit.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the
radial calcareous plates of a coral. (b) One
of the transverse partitions dividing the shell of a mollusk, or
of a rhizopod, into several chambers. See Illust.
under Nautilus. (c) One of the
transverse partitions dividing the body cavity of an
annelid.
Sep"tu*or (?), n. [F.]
(Mus.) A septet.
Sep"tu*ple (?), a. [LL.
septuplus; cf. Gr. septuple. Cf. Double,
Quadruple.] Seven times as much; multiplied
by seven; sevenfold.
Sep"tu*ple, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Septupled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Septupling (?).] To
multiply by seven; to make sevenfold.
Sir J. Herschel.
{ Sep"ul*cher, Sep"ul*chre }
(?), n. [OE. sepulcre, OF.
sepulcre, F. s\'82pulcre, fr. L. sepulcrum,
sepulchrum, fr. sepelire to bury.]
The place in which the dead body of a human being is
interred, or a place set apart for that purpose; a grave; a
tomb.
The stony entrance of this sepulcher.
Shak.
The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it
was yet dark, unto the sepulcher.
John xx. 1.
A whited sepulcher. Fig.: Any person who is
fair outwardly but unclean or vile within. See Matt.
xxiii.27.
{ Sep"ul*cher, Sep"ul*chre }
(?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sepulchered (?) or Sepulchred
(; p. pr. & vb. n. Sepulchering
(?) or Sepulchring (.]
To bury; to inter; to entomb; as, obscurely
sepulchered.
And so sepulchered in such pomp dost lie
That kings for such a tomb would wish to die.
Milton.
Se*pul"chral (?), a. [L.
sepulcralis: cf. F. s\'82pulcral.]
1. Of or pertaining to burial, to the grave, or to
monuments erected to the memory of the dead; as, a
sepulchral stone; a sepulchral
inscription.
2. Unnaturally low and grave; hollow in tone; --
said of sound, especially of the voice.
This exaggerated dulling of the voice . . . giving what is
commonly called a sepulchral tone.
H. Sweet.
Sep"ul*ture (?), n. [F.
s\'82pulture, L. sepultura, fr.
sepelire, sepultum, to bury.]
1. The act of depositing the dead body of a human
being in the grave; burial; interment.
Where we may royal sepulture prepare.
Dryden.
2. A sepulcher; a grave; a place of burial.
Drunkeness that the horrible sepulture of man's
reason.
Chaucer.
Se*qua"cious (?), a. [L.
sequax, -acis, fr. suquit to
follow. See Sue to follow. ] 1.
Inclined to follow a leader; following; attendant.
Trees uprooted left their place,
Sequacious of the lyre.
Dryden.
2. Hence, ductile; malleable; pliant;
manageable.
In the greater bodies the forge was easy, the matter being
ductile and sequacious.
Ray.
3. Having or observing logical sequence; logically
consistent and rigorous; consecutive in development or transition
of thought.
The scheme of pantheistic omniscience so prevalent among the
sequacious thinkers of the day.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Milton was not an extensive or discursive thinker, as
Shakespeare was; for the motions of his mind were slow, solemn,
and sequacious, like those of the planets.
De Quincey.
Se*qua"cious*ness, n. Quality of being
sequacious.
Se*quac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
sequacitas.] Quality or state of being
sequacious; sequaciousness.
Bacon.
Se"quel (?), n. [L.
sequela, fr. sequit to follow: cf. F.
s\'82quelle a following. See Sue to
follow.] 1. That which follows; a succeeding
part; continuation; as, the sequel of a man's
advantures or history.
O, let me say no more!
Gather the sequel by that went before.
Shak.
2. Consequence; event; effect; result; as, let
the sun cease, fail, or swerve, and the sequel would be
ruin.
3. Conclusion; inference. [R.]
Whitgift.
\'d8Se*que"la (?), n.; pl.
Sequel\'91 (#). [L., a follower, a
result, from sequit to follow.] One who, or
that which, follows. Specifically: (a) An
adherent, or a band or sect of adherents. \'bdColeridge and
his sequela.\'b8 G. P. Marsh. (b)
That which follows as the logical result of reasoning;
inference; conclusion; suggestion.
Sequel\'91, or thoughts suggested by the preceding
aphorisms.
Coleridge.
(c) (Med.) A morbid phenomenon left as
the result of a disease; a disease resulting from another.
Se"quence (?), n. [F.
s\'82quence, L. sequentia, fr.
sequens. See Sequent.] 1.
The state of being sequent; succession; order of following;
arrangement.
How art thou a king
But by fair sequence and succession?
Shak.
Sequence and series of the seasons of the year.
Bacon.
2. That which follows or succeeds as an effect;
sequel; consequence; result.
The inevitable sequences of sin and punishment.
Bp. Hall.
3. (Philos.) Simple succession, or the
coming after in time, without asserting or implying causative
energy; as, the reactions of chemical agents may be conceived
as merely invariable sequences.
4. (Mus.) (a) Any succession of
chords (or harmonic phrase) rising or falling by the regular
diatonic degrees in the same scale; a succession of similar
harmonic steps. (b) A melodic phrase or
passage successively repeated one tone higher; a rosalia.
5. (R.C.Ch.) A hymn introduced in the
Mass on certain festival days, and recited or sung immediately
before the gospel, and after the gradual or introit, whence the
name.
Bp. Fitzpatrick.
Originally the sequence was called a Prose, because
its early form was rhythmical prose.
Shipley.
6. (Card Playing) (a)
(Whist) Three or more cards of the same suit in
immediately consecutive order of value; as, ace, king, and queen;
or knave, ten, nine, and eight. (b)
(Poker) All five cards, of a hand, in consecutive
order as to value, but not necessarily of the same suit; when of
one suit, it is called a sequence flush.
<-- sequence is usu. called a run, and five are now called
straight and straight flush -->
Se"quent (?), a. [L.
sequens, -entis, p. pr. of sequi
to follow. See Sue to follow.] 1.
Following; succeeding; in continuance.
What to this was sequent
Thou knowest already.
Shak.
2. Following as an effect; consequent.
Se"quent, n. 1. A
follower. [R.]
Shak.
2. That which follows as a result; a
sequence.
Se*quen"tial (?), a. Succeeding
or following in order. --
Se*quen"tial*ly, adv.
Se*ques"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sequestered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sequestering.] [F.
s\'82questrer, L. sequestrare to give up
for safe keeping, from sequester a depositary or
trustee in whose hands the thing contested was placed until the
dispute was settled. Cf. Sequestrate.] 1.
(Law) To separate from the owner for a time; to
take from parties in controversy and put into the possession of
an indifferent person; to seize or take possession of, as
property belonging to another, and hold it till the profits have
paid the demand for which it is taken, or till the owner has
performed the decree of court, or clears himself of contempt; in
international law, to confiscate.
Formerly the goods of a defendant in chancery were, in the
last resort, sequestered and detained to enforce the
decrees of the court. And now the profits of a benefice are
sequestered to pay the debts of ecclesiastics.
Blackstone.
2. To cause (one) to submit to the process of
sequestration; to deprive (one) of one's estate, property,
etc.
It was his tailor and his cook, his fine fashions and his
French ragouts, which sequestered him.
South.
3. To set apart; to put aside; to remove; to
separate from other things.
I had wholly sequestered my civil affairss.
Bacon.
4. To cause to retire or withdraw into obscurity;
to seclude; to withdraw; -- often used reflexively.
When men most sequester themselves from action.
Hooker.
A love and desire to sequester a man's self for a
higher conversation.
Bacon.
<-- 5. (Chem.) To bind, so as to make [a metal ion] unavailable
in its normal form; -- said of chelating agents, such as EDTA,
which, in a solution, bind tightly to multivalent metal cations,
thereby lowering their effective concentration in solution.
Compounds employed particularly for this purpose are called
sequestering agents, or chelating agents. In biochemistry,
sequestration is one means of reversibly inhibiting enzymes which
depend on divalent metal cations (such as Magnesium) for their
activity. Such agents are used, for example, to help preserve
blood for storage and subsequent use in transfusion. -->
Se*ques"ter, v. i. 1. To
withdraw; to retire. [Obs.]
To sequester out of the world into Atlantic and
Utopian politics.
Milton.
2. (Law) To renounce (as a widow may)
any concern with the estate of her husband.
Se*ques"ter, n. 1.
Sequestration; separation. [R.]
2. (Law) A person with whom two or more
contending parties deposit the subject matter of the controversy;
one who mediates between two parties; a mediator; an umpire or
referee.
Bouvier.
3. (Med.) Same as
Sequestrum.
Se*ques"tered (?), a. Retired;
secluded. \'bdSequestered scenes.\'b8
Cowper.
Along the cool, sequestered vale of life.
Gray.
Se*ques"tra*ble (?), a. Capable
of being sequestered; subject or liable to sequestration.
Se*ques"tral (?), a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to a sequestrum.
Quian.
Se*ques"trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sequestrated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Sequestrating.]
To sequester.
Seg`ues*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
sequestratio: cf. F.
s\'82questration.] 1. (a)
(Civil & Com. Law) The act of separating, or
setting aside, a thing in controversy from the possession of both
the parties that contend for it, to be delivered to the one
adjudged entitled to it. It may be voluntary or
involuntary. (b) (Chancery) A
prerogative process empowering certain commissioners to take and
hold a defendant's property and receive the rents and profits
thereof, until he clears himself of a contempt or performs a
decree of the court. (c) (Eccl. Law)
A kind of execution for a rent, as in the case of a
beneficed clerk, of the profits of a benefice, till he shall have
satisfied some debt established by decree; the gathering up of
the fruits of a benefice during a vacancy, for the use of the
next incumbent; the disposing of the goods, by the ordinary, of
one who is dead, whose estate no man will meddle with.
Craig. Tomlins. Wharton. (d)
(Intrnat. Law) The seizure of the property of an
individual for the use of the state; particularly applied to the
seizure, by a belligerent power, of debts due from its subjects
to the enemy.
Burrill.
2. The state of being separated or set aside;
separation; retirement; seclusion from society.
Since Henry Monmouth first began to reign, . . .
This loathsome sequestration have I had.
Shak.
3. Disunion; disjunction. [Obs.]
Boyle.
<-- 4. (Chem.) the act or process of sequestering (v. t. sense 5)
-->
Seq"ues*tra`tor (?), n. [L.,
one that hinders or impedes.] (Law) (a)
One who sequesters property, or takes the possession of it
for a time, to satisfy a demand out of its rents or
profits. (b) One to whom the keeping of
sequestered property is committed.
\'d8Se*ques"trum (?), n.; pl.
Sequestra (#). [NL. See
Sequester.] (Med.) A portion of
dead bone which becomes separated from the sound portion, as in
necrosis.
Se"quin (?), n. [F.
sequin, It. zecchino, from zecca
the mint, fr. Ar. sekkah, sikkah, a die, a
stamp. Cf. Zechin.] An old gold coin of Italy
and Turkey. It was first struck at Venice about the end of the
13th century, and afterward in the other Italian cities, and by
the Levant trade was introduced into Turkey. It is worth about
9s. 3d. sterling, or about $2.25. The different kinds vary
somewhat in value. [Written also chequin,
and zequin.]
Se*quoi"a (?), n. [NL. So
called by Dr. Endlicher in honor of Sequoyah, who
invented the Cherokee alphabet.] (Bot.) A
genus of coniferous trees, consisting of two species,
Sequoia Washingtoniana, syn. S. gigantea,
the \'bdbig tree\'b8 of California, and S.
sempervirens, the redwood, both of which attain an immense
height.
Se*quoi"\'89ne (?), n.
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon (C13H10)
obtained in white fluorescent crystals, in the distillation
products of the needles of the California \'bdbig tree\'b8
(Sequoia gigantea).
Se*ragl"io (?), n. [It.
serraglio, originally, an inclosure of palisades,
afterwards also, a palace, seraglio (by confusion with Per.
ser\'be\'8ba a palace, an entirely different word),
fr. serrare to shut, fr. LL. serra a bar
for fastening doors, L. sera. See Serry,
Series.] 1. An inclosure; a place of
separation. [Obs.]
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell as in a suburb, by
themselves. I passed by the piazza Judea, where their
seraglio begins.
Evelyn.
2. The palace of the Grand Seignior, or Turkish
sultan, at Constantinople, inhabited by the sultan himself, and
all the officers and dependents of his court. In it are also kept
the females of the harem.
3. A harem; a place for keeping wives or
concubines; sometimes, loosely, a place of licentious pleasure; a
house of debauchery.
\'d8Se*ra"i (?), n. [Per.
ser\'be\'8b, or sar\'be\'8b, a palace, a
king's court, a seraglio, an inn. Cf.
Caravansary.] A palace; a seraglio; also, in
the East, a place for the accommodation of travelers; a
caravansary, or rest house.
Ser`al*bu"men (?), n. (Physiol.
CHem.) Serum albumin.
\'d8Se*rang" (?), n. [Per.
sarhang a commander.] The boatswain of a
Lascar or East Ondian crew.
\'d8Se*ra"pe (?), n. [Sp. Amer.
sarape.] A blanket or shawl worn as an
outer garment by the Spanish Americans, as in Mexico.
Ser"aph (?), n.; pl. E.
Seraphs (#), Heb. Seraphim
(#). [Heb. ser\'bephim, pl.]
One of an order of celestial beings, each having three pairs
of wings. In ecclesiastical art and in poetry, a seraph is
represented as one of a class of angels.
Isa. vi. 2.
As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns,
As the rapt seraph that adores and burns.
Pope.
Seraph moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of
numerous species of geometrid moths of the genus
Lobophora, having the hind wings deeply bilobed, so
that they seem to have six wings.
{ Se*raph"ic (?), Se*raph"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
s\'82raphique.] Of or pertaining to a
seraph; becoming, or suitable to, a seraph; angelic; sublime;
pure; refined. \'bdSeraphic arms and
trophies.\'b8 Milton. \'bdSeraphical
fervor.\'b8 Jer. Taylor. --
Se*raph"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Se*raph"ic*al*ness, n.
Se*raph"i*cism (?), n. The
character, quality, or state of a seraph; seraphicalness.
[R.]
Cudworth.
Ser"a*phim (?), n. The Hebrew
plural of Seraph. Cf. Cherubim.
seraphims is
sometimes used, as in the King James version of the Bible,
Isa. vi. 2 and 6.
<-- p. 1314 -->
Ser`a*phi"na (?), n.
[NL.] A seraphine.
Ser"a*phine (?), n. [From
Seraph.] (Mus.) A wind instrument
whose sounding parts are reeds, consisting of a thin tongue of
brass playing freely through a slot in a plate. It has a case,
like a piano, and is played by means of a similar keybord, the
bellows being worked by the foot. The melodeon is a
portable variety of this instrument.
\'d8Se*ra"pis (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. (Myth.) An
Egyptian deity, at first a symbol of the Nile, and so of
fertility; later, one of the divinities of the lower world. His
worship was introduced into Greece and Rome.
Se*ras"kier (?), n. [Turk., fr.
Per. ser head, chief + Ar. 'asker an
army.] A general or commander of land forces in the
Turkish empire; especially, the commander-in-chief of minister of
war.
Se*ras"kier*ate (?), n. The
office or authority of a seraskier.
Ser*bo"ni*an (?), a. Relating
to the lake of Serbonis in Egypt, which by reason of the sand
blowing into it had a deceptive appearance of being solid land,
but was a bog.
A gulf profound as that Serbonian bog . . .
Where armies whole have sunk.
Milton.
Sere (?), a. Dry; withered.
Same as Sear.
But with its sound it shook the sails
That were so thin and sere.
Coleridge.
Sere, n. [F. serre.]
Claw; talon. [Obs.]
Chapman.
\'d8Se*rein" (?), n. [F. Cf.
Serenade, n.] (Meteorol.)
A mist, or very fine rain, which sometimes falls from a
clear sky a few moments after sunset.
Tyndall.
Ser`*enade" (?), n. [F.
s\'82r\'82nade, It. serenata, probably fr.
L. serenus serene (cf. Serene), misunderstood
as a derivative fr. L. serus late. Cf.
Soir\'82e.] (Mus.) (a)
Music sung or performed in the open air at nights; --
usually applied to musical entertainments given in the open air
at night, especially by gentlemen, in a spirit of gallantry,
under the windows of ladies. (b) A piece of
music suitable to be performed at such times.
Ser`e*nade", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Serenaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Serenading.] To entertain with a
serenade.
Ser`e*nade", v. i. To perform a
serenade.
Ser`e*nad"er (?), n. One who
serenades.
{ Ser`e*na"ta (?), Ser"e*nate
(?), } n. [It.
serenata. See Serenade.]
(Mus.) A piece of vocal music, especially one on
an amoreus subject; a serenade.
Or serenate, which the starved lover sings
To his pround fair.
Milton.
serenata was given by Italian
composers in the time of Handel, and by Handel himself, to a
cantata of a pastoreal of dramatic character, to a secular ode,
etc.; also by Mozart and others to an orchectral composition, in
several movements, midway between the suite of an earlier period
and the modern symphony.
Grove.
Se*rene" (?), a. [L.
serenus to grow dry, Gr. 1. Bright; clear; unabscured;
as, a serene sky.
The moon serene in glory mounts the sky.
Pope.
Full many a gem of purest ray serene
The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear.
Gray.
2. Calm; placid; undisturbed; unruffled; as, a
serene aspect; a serene soul.
Milton.
Serene is
given as a tittle to princes and the members of their families;
as, His Serene Highness.
Drop serene. (Med.) See
Amaurosis.
Milton.
Se*rene", n. 1. Serenity;
clearness; calmness. [Poetic.] \'bdThe
serene of heaven.\'b8
Southey.
To their master is denied
To share their sweet serene.
Young.
2. [F. serein evening dew or damp. See
Serein.] Evening air; night chill.
[Obs.] \'bdSome serene blast me.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Se*rene", v. t. [L.
serenare.] To make serene.
Heaven and earth, as if contending, vie
To raise his being, and serene his soul.
Thomson.
Se*rene"ly, adv. 1. In a serene
manner; clearly.
Now setting Phserenely bright.
Pope.
2. With unruffled temper; coolly; calmly.
Prior.
Se*rene"ness, n. Serenity.
Feltham.
Se*ren"i*tude (?), n.
Serenity. [Obs.]
Se*ren"i*ty (?), n. [L.
serenuas: cf. F. s\'82r\'82nit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being serene; clearness
and calmness; quietness; stillness; peace.
A general peace and serenity newly succeeded a
general trouble.
Sir W. Temple.
2. Calmness of mind; eveness of temper; undisturbed
state; coolness; composure.
I can not see how any men should ever transgress those moral
rules with confidence and serenity.
Locke.
Serenity is given as a title to the
members of certain princely families in Europe; as, Your
Serenity.
Serf (?), n. [F., fr. L.
serus servant, slave; akin to servare to
protect, preserve, observe, and perhaps originally, a client, a
man under one's protection. Cf. Serve, v.
t.] A servant or slave employed in husbandry,
and in some countries attached to the soil and transferred with
it, as formerly in Russia.
In England, at least from the reign of Henry II, one only, and
that the inferior species [of villeins], existed . . . But by the
customs of France and Germany, persons in this abject state seem
to have been called serfs, and distinguished from
villeins, who were only bound to fixed payments and
duties in respect of their lord, though, as it seems, without any
legal redress if injured by him.
Hallam.
Syn. -- Serf, Slave. A
slave is the absolute property of his master, and may
be sold in any way. A serf, according to the strict
sense of the term, is one bound to work on a certain estate, and
thus attached to the soil, and sold with it into the service of
whoever purchases the land.
{ Serf"age (?), Serf"dom
(?) }, n. The state or condition
of a serf.
Serf"hood (?), Serf"ism
(, n. Serfage.
Serge (?), n. [F.
serge, sarge, originally, a
silken stuff, fr. L.
serica, f. or neut. pl. of sericus silken.
See Sericeous, Silk.] A woolen
twilled stuff, much used as material for clothing for both
sexes.
Silk serge, a twilled silk fabric used mostly
by tailors for lining parts of gentlemen's coats.
Serge, n. [F. cierge.]
A large wax candle used in the ceremonies of various
churches.
Ser"gean*cy (?), n.; pl.
Sergeancies (#). [Cf.
Sergeanty.] The office of a sergeant;
sergeantship. [Written also
serjeancy.]
Ser"geant (?), n. [F.
sergent, fr. L. serviens,
-entis, p. pr. of servire to serve. See
Serve, and cf. Servant.] [Written
also serjeant. Both spellings are authorized. In
England serjeant is usually preferred, except for
military officers. In the United States sergeant is
common for civil officers also.] 1.
Formerly, in England, an officer nearly answering to the
more modern bailiff of the hundred; also, an officer whose duty
was to attend on the king, and on the lord high steward in court,
to arrest traitors and other offenders. He is now called
sergeant-at-arms, and two of these officers, by
allowance of the sovereign, attend on the houses of Parliament
(one for each house) to execute their commands, and another
attends the Court Chancery.
The sergeant of the town of Rome them sought.
Chaucer.
The magistrates sent the serjeant, saying, Let
those men go.
Acts xvi. 35.
This fell sergeant, Death,
Is strict in his arrest.
Shak.
2. (Mil.) In a company, battery, or troop, a
noncommissioned officer next in rank above a corporal, whose duty
is to instruct recruits in discipline, to form the ranks,
etc.
sergeants belonging to the companies there are, in
each regiment, a sergeant major, who is the chief
noncommissioned officer, and has important duties as the
assistant to the adjutant; a quartermaster sergeant,
who assists the quartermaster; a color sergeant, who
carries the colors; and a commissary sergeant, who
assists in the care and distribution of the stores. Ordnance
sergeants have charge of the ammunition at military
posts.
3. (Law) A lawyer of the highest rank,
answering to the doctor of the civil law; -- called
also serjeant at law.
[Eng.]
Blackstone.
4. A title sometimes given to the servants of the
sovereign; as, sergeant surgeon, that is, a servant,
or attendant, surgeon. [Eng.]
5. (Zo\'94l.) The cobia.
Drill sergeant. (Mil.) See under
Drill. -- Sergeant-at-arms, an
officer of a legislative body, or of a deliberative or judicial
assembly, who executes commands in preserving order and arresting
offenders. See Sergeant, 1. -- Sergeant
major. (a) (Mil.) See the Note
under def. 2, above. (b) (Zo\'94l.)
The cow pilot.
Ser"geant*cy (?), n. Same as
Sergeancy.
Ser"geant*ry (?), n. [CF. OF.
sergenteric.] See Sergeanty.
[R.] [Written also
serjeantry.]
Ser"geant*ship, n. The office of
sergeant.
Ser"geant*y (?), n. [Cf. OF.
sergentie, LL. sergentia. See
Sergeant.] (Eng. Law) Tenure of
lands of the crown by an honorary kind of service not due to any
lord, but to the king only. [Written also
serjeanty.]
Grand sergeanty, a particular kind of tenure
by which the tenant was bound to do some special honorary service
to the king in person, as to carry his banner, his sword, or the
like. Tomlins. Cowell.
Blackstone. -- Petit sergeanty. See
under Petit.
Se"ri*al (?), a. 1. Of
or pertaining to a series; consisting of a series; appearing in
successive parts or numbers; as, a serial work or
publication. \'bdClassification . . . may be more or
less serial.\'b8
H. Spencer.
2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
rows.
Gray.
Serial homology. (Biol.) See under
Homology. -- Serial symmetry.
(Biol.) See under Symmetry.
Se"ri*al, n. A publication appearing in
a series or succession of part; a tale, or other writing,
published in successive numbers of a periodical.
Se`ri*al"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of succession in a series; sequence.
H. Spenser.
Se"ri*al*ly, adv. In a series, or
regular order; in a serial manner; as, arranged
serially; published serially.
Se"ri*ate (?), a. Arranged in a
series or succession; pertaining to a series. --
Se"ri*ate*ly, adv.
Se`ri*a"tim (?), adv.
[NL.] In regular order; one after the other;
severally.
Se`ri*a"tion (?), n.
(Chem.) Arrangement or position in a
series.
Se*ri"ceous (?), a. [L.
sericus silken, sericum Seric stuff, silk,
fr. Sericus belonging to the Seres, Gr.
Silk,
Serge a woolen stuff.] 1. Of or
pertaining to silk; consisting of silk; silky.
2. (Bot.) Covered with very soft hairs
pressed close to the surface; as, a sericeous
leaf.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Having a silklike luster,
usually due to fine, close hairs.
Ser"i*cin (?), n. [L.
sericus silken.] (Chem.) A
gelatinous nitrogenous material extracted from crude silk and
other similar fiber by boiling water; -- called also
silk gelatin.
Ser"i*cite (?), n. [L.
sericus silken.] (Min.) A kind
of muscovite occuring in silky scales having a fibrous structure.
It is characteristic of sericite schist.
\'d8Ser`ic*te"ri*um (?), n.
[See Sericeous.] (Zo\'94l.) A
silk gland, as in the silkworms.
Ser"i*cul`ture (?), n. [See
Sericeous, and Culture.] The raising
of silkworms.
Se"rie (?), n. [Cf. F.
s\'82rie.] Series.
[Obs.]
\'d8Ser`i*e"ma (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South American
bird (Dicholophus, ) related to
the cranes. It is often domesticated. Called also
cariama.
Se"ries (?), n. [L.
series, fr. serere, sertum, to
join or bind together; cf. Gr. sarit thread. Cf. Assert, Desert a
solitude, Exert, Insert,
Seraglio.] 1. A number of things or
events standing or succeeding in order, and connected by a like
relation; sequence; order; course; a succession of things;
as, a continuous series of calamitous
events.
During some years his life a series of
triumphs.
Macaulay.
2. (Biol.) Any comprehensive group of
animals or plants including several subordinate related
groups.
3. (Math.) An indefinite number of terms
succeeding one another, each of which is derived from one or more
of the preceding by a fixed law, called the law of the
series; as, an arithmetical series; a geometrical
series.
Ser"in (?), n. [F.
serin.] (Zo\'94l.) A European
finch (Serinus hortulanus) closely related to the
canary.
Ser"ine (?), n. [L.
sericus silken.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline nitrogenous substance obtained by the action of
dilute sulphuric acid on silk gelatin<-- an amino acid -->.
{ Se`ri*o-com"ic (?),
Se`ri*o-com"ic*al (?), } a.
Having a mixture of seriousness and sport; serious and
comical.
Se"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
serius: cf. F. s\'82rieux, LL.
seriosus.] 1. Grave in manner or
disposition; earnest; thoughtful; solemn; not light, gay, or
volatile.
He is always serious, yet there is about his manner
a graceful ease.
Macaulay.
2. Really intending what is said; being in earnest;
not jesting or deceiving.
Beaconsfield.
3. Important; weighty; not trifling; grave.
The holy Scriptures bring to our ears the most
serious things in the world.
Young.
4. Hence, giving rise to apprehension; attended
with danger; as, a serious injury.
Syn. -- Grave; solemn; earnest; sedate; important; weighty.
See Grave.
-- Se"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Se"ri*ous*ness, n.
Ser"iph (?), n. (Type
Founding) See Ceriph.
{ Ser"jeant (?), Ser"jeant*cy,
etc. }See Sergeant, Sergeantcy,
etc.
Serjeant-at-arms. See
Sergeant-at-arms, under Sergeant.
Ser*moc`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
sermocinatio. See Sermon.] The
making of speeches or sermons; sermonizing.
[Obs.]
Peacham.
Ser*moc"i*na`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who makes sermons or speeches.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Ser"mon (?), n. [OE.
sermoun, sermun, F. sermon,
fr. L. sermo, -onis,
a speaking, discourse, probably fr. serer,
sertum, to join, connect; hence, a connected speech.
See Series.] 1. A discourse or
address; a talk; a writing; as, the sermens of
Chaucer. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Specifically, a discourse delivered in public,
usually by a clergyman, for the purpose of religious instruction
and grounded on some text or passage of Scripture.
This our life exempt from public haunts
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones and good in everything.
Shak.
His preaching much, but more his practice, wrought,
A living sermon of the truths he taught.
Dryden.
3. Hence, a serious address; a lecture on one's
conduct or duty; an exhortation or reproof; a homily; -- often in
a depreciatory sense.
Ser"mon, v. i. [Cf. OF.
sermoner, F. sermonner to lecture
one.] To speak; to discourse; to compose or deliver a
sermon. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
What needeth it to sermon of it more?
Chaucer.
Ser"mon, v. t. 1. To discourse
to or of, as in a sermon. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To tutor; to lecture.
[Poetic]
Shak.
Ser`mon*eer" (?), n. A
sermonizer.
B. Jonson.
Ser"mon*er (?), n. A preacher;
a sermonizer. [Derogative or Jocose.]
Thackeray.
Ser`mon*et" (?), n. A short
sermon. [Written also
sermonette.]
{ Ser*mon"ic (?), Ser*mon"ic*al
(?), } a. Like, or appropriate to,
a sermon; grave and didactic. [R.]
\'bdConversation . . . satirical or sermonic.\'b8
Prof. Wilson. \'bdSermonical style.\'b8
V. Knox.
Ser"mon*ing (?), n. The act of
discoursing; discourse; instruction; preaching.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ser"mon*ish, a. Resembling a
sermon. [R.]
Ser"mon*ist, n. See
Sermonizer.
Ser"mon*ize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Sermonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sermonizing
(?).] 1. To compose or write a
sermon or sermons; to preach.
2. To inculcate rigid rules.
[R.]
Chesterfield.
Ser"mon*ize, v. t. To preach or
discourse to; to affect or influence by means of a sermon or of
sermons. [R.]
Which of us shall sing or sermonize the other fast
asleep?
Landor.
Ser"mon*i`zer (?), n. One who
sermonizes.
Ser"o*lin (?), n.
[Serum + L. oleum oil.]
(Physiol. Chem.) (a) A peculiar fatty
substance found in the blood, probably a mixture of fats,
cholesterin, etc. (b) A body found in fecal
matter and thought to be formed in the intestines from the
cholesterin of the bile; -- called also
stercorin, and
stercolin.
<-- p. 1315 -->
{ Se*ron" (?), Se*roon"
(?), } n. [Sp. seron a
kind of hamper or pannier, aug. of sera a large
pannier or basket.] Same as Ceroon.
McElrath.
Se"rose` (?), a. Serous.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Se*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
serosit\'82. See Serous.] 1.
The quality or state of being serous.
2. (Physiol.) A thin watery animal
fluid, as synovial fluid and pericardial fluid.
Ser"o*tine (?), n. [F.
s\'82rotine, fr. L. serotinus that comes or
happens late.] (Zo\'94l.) The European
long-eared bat (Vesperugo serotinus).
Se*rot"i*nous (?), a. [L.
serotinus, fr. serus late.]
(Biol.) Appearing or blossoming later in the
season than is customary with allied species.
Se"rous (?), a. [Cf. F.
s\'82reux. See Serum.]
(Physiol.) (a) Thin; watery; like serum;
as the serous fluids. (b) Of or
pertaining to serum; as, the serous glands,
membranes, layers. See Serum.
Serous membrane. (Anat.) See under
Membrane.
{ Ser"ow (?), Sur"row
(?), } n. (Zo\'94l.)
The thar.
\'d8Ser"pens (?), n. [L. See
Serpent.] (Astron.) A
constellation represented as a serpent held by
Serpentarius.
Ser"pent (?), n. [F., fr. L.
serpens, -entis (sc. bestia),
fr. serpens, p. pr. of serpere to creep;
akin to Gr. sarp, and perhaps to L.
repere, E. reptile. Cf.
Herpes.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any reptile of the order Ophidia; a snake, especially a
large snake. See Illust. under Ophidia.
Ophidia, and Fang.
2. Fig.: A subtle, treacherous, malicious
person.
3. A species of firework having a serpentine motion
as it passess through the air or along the ground.
4. (Astron.) The constellation
Serpens.
5. (Mus.) A bass wind instrument, of a
loud and coarse tone, formerly much used in military bands, and
sometimes introduced into the orchestra; -- so called from its
form.
Pharaoh's serpent (Chem.), mercuric
sulphocyanate, a combustible white substance which in burning
gives off a poisonous vapor and leaves a peculiar brown
voluminous residue which is expelled in a serpentine from. It is
employed as a scientific toy. -- Serpent cucumber
(Bot.), the long, slender, serpentine fruit of the
cucurbitaceous plant Trichosanthes colubrina; also,
the plant itself. -- Serpent eage
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of
raptorial birds of the genera Circa\'89tus and
Spilornis, which prey on serpents. They inhabit
Africa, Southern Europe, and India. The European serpent eagle is
Circa\'89tus Gallicus. -- Serpent
eater. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The secretary
bird. (b) An Asiatic antelope; the
markhoor. -- Serpent fish (Zo\'94l.),
a fish (Cepola rubescens) with a long, thin,
compressed body, and a band of red running lengthwise. --
Serpent star (Zo\'94l.), an ophiuran; a
brittle star. -- Serpent's tongue
(Paleon.), the fossil tooth of a shark; -- so
called from its resemblance to a tongue with its root. --
Serpent withe (Bot.), a West Indian
climbing plant (Aristolochia odoratissima). --
Tree serpent (Zo\'94l.), any species of
African serpents belonging to the family
Dendrophid\'91.
Ser"pent, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Serpented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Serpenting.] To wind like a serpent; to
crook about; to meander. [R.] \'bdThe
serpenting of the Thames.\'b8
Evelyn.
Ser"pent, v. t. To wind; to
encircle. [R.]
Evelyn.
\'d8Ser`pen*ta"ri*a (?), a.[L.
(sc. herba), fr. serpens serpent.]
(Med.) The fibrous aromatic root of the Virginia
snakeroot (Aristolochia Serpentaria).
\'d8Ser`pen*ta"ri*us (?),
n.[NL., fr. L. serpens serpent.]
(Astron.) A constellation on the equator, lying
between Scorpio and Hercules; -- called also
Ophiuchus.
Ser*pen"ti*form (?), a. [L.
serpens a serpent + -form.]
Having the form of a serpent.
Ser`pen*tig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
serpens, -entis, a serpent +
-genous: cf. L. serpentigena.]
Bred of a serpent.
Ser"pen*tine (?), a. [L.
serpentinus: cf. F. serpentin.]
Resembling a serpent; having the shape or qualities of a
serpent; subtle; winding or turning one way and the other, like a
moving serpent; anfractuous; meandering; sinuous; zigzag; as,
serpentine braid.
Thy shape
Like his, and color serpentine.
Milton.
Ser"pen*tine, n. [Cf. (for sense 1) F.
serpentine, (for sense 2) serpentin.]
1. (Min.) A mineral or rock consisting
chiefly of the hydrous silicate of magnesia. It is usually of an
obscure green color, often with a spotted or mottled appearance
resembling a serpent's skin. Precious, or
noble, serpentine is translucent and of a
rich oil-green color.
2. (Ordnance) A kind of ancient
cannon.
Ser"pen*tine, v. i. To serpentize.
[R.]
Lyttleton.
Ser"pen*tine*ly, adv. In a serpentine
manner.
Ser`pen*tin"i*an (?), n.
(Eccl.) See 2d Ophite.
Ser"pen*tin*ize (?), v. t.
(Min.) To convert (a magnesian silicate) into
serpentine. -- Ser`pen*tin`i*za"tion
(#), n.
Ser"pen*ti`nous (?), a.
Relating to, or like, serpentine; as, a rock
serpentinous in character.
Ser"pent*ize (?), v. i. To turn
or bend like a serpent, first in one direction and then in the
opposite; to meander; to wind; to serpentine.
[R.]
The river runs before the door, and serpentizes
more than you can conceive.
Walpole.
Ser"pent*ry (?), n. 1.
A winding like a serpent's.
2. A place inhabited or infested by serpents.
Ser"pent-tongued` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a forked tongue, like a
serpent.
Ser"pet (?), n. [L.
sirpus, scirpus, a rush, bulrush.]
A basket. [Obs.]
Ainsworth.
\'d8Ser*pette" (?), n.
[F.] A pruning knife with a curved blade.
Knight.
Ser*pig"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F.
serpigineux.] (Med.) Creeping;
-- said of lesions which heal over one portion while continuing
to advance at another.
\'d8Ser*pi"go (?), n. [LL., fr.
L. serpere to creep.] (Med.) A
dry, scaly eruption on the skin; especially, a ringworm.
Ser"po*let (?), n. [F.]
(Bot.) Wild thyme.
\'d8Ser"pu*la (?), n.; pl.
Serpul\'91 (#), E. Serpulas
(#). [L., a little snake. See
Serpent.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of tubicolous annelids of the genus
Serpula and allied genera of the family
Serpulid\'91. They secrete a calcareous tube, which is
usually irregularly contorted, but is sometimes spirally coiled.
The worm has a wreath of plumelike and often bright-colored gills
around its head, and usually an operculum to close the aperture
of its tube when it retracts.
{ Ser*pu"li*an (?), Ser*pu"li*dan
(?), } n. (Zo\'94l.) A
serpula.
Ser"pu*lite (?), n. A fossil
serpula shell.
Serr (?), v. t. [F.
serrer. See Serry.] To crowd,
press, or drive together. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ser*ra"noid (?), n. [NL.
Serranus, a typical genus (fr. L. serra a
saw) + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
fish of the family Serranid\'91, which includes the
striped bass, the black sea bass, and many other food
fishes. -- a. (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to the
Serranid\'91.
{ Ser"rate (?), Ser"ra*ted
(?), } a. [L. serratus,
fr. serra a saw; perhaps akin to secare to
cut, E. saw a cutting instrument. Cf.
Sierra.] 1. Notched on the edge,
like a saw.
2. (Bot.) Beset with teeth pointing
forwards or upwards; as, serrate leaves.
Doubly serrate, having small serratures upon
the large ones, as the leaves of the elm. --
Serrate-ciliate, having fine hairs, like the
eyelashes, on the serratures; -- said of a leaf. --
Serrate-dentate, having the serratures
toothed.
Ser*ra"tion (?), n. 1.
Condition of being serrate; formation in the shape of a
saw.
2. One of the teeth in a serrate or serrulate
margin.
Ser*ra`ti*ros"tral (?), a.
[Serrate + rostral.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having a toothed bill, like that of a
toucan.
Ser*ra"tor (?), n. [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) The ivory gull (Larus
eburneus).
Ser"ra*ture (?), n. [L.
serratura a sawing, fr. serrare to
saw.] 1. A notching, like that between the
teeth of a saw, in the edge of anything.
Martyn.
2. One of the teeth in a serrated edge; a
serration.
Ser"ri*ca`ted (?), a. [See
Sericeous.] Covered with fine silky
down.
Ser"ri*corn (?), a. [L.
serra saw + cornu horn.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having serrated antenn
Ser"ri*corn, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of a numerous tribe of beetles
(Serricornia). The joints of the antenn\'91 are
prominent, thus producing a serrate appearance. See
Illust. under Antenna.
Ser"ried (?), a. [See
Serry.] Crowded; compact; dense; pressed
together.
Nor seemed it to relax their serried files.
Milton.
\'d8Ser*rif"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. serra saw + ferre to
bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hymenoptera
comprising the sawflies.
\'d8Ser`ri*ros"tres (?), n. pl.
[NL. fr. L. serra saw + rostrum
beak.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Lamellirostres.
Ser"rous (?), a. [L.
serra a saw.] Like the teeth off a saw;
jagged. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ser"ru*la (?), n. [L., a little
saw.] (Zo\'94l.) The red-breasted
merganser.
{ Ser"rulate (?), Ser"ru*la`ted
(?), } a. [L. serrula a
lttle saw, dim. of serra a saw.] Finely
serrate; having very minute teeth.
Ser`ru*la"tion (?), n. 1.
The state of being notched minutely, like a fine saw.
Wright.
2. One of the teeth in a serrulate margin.
Ser"ry (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Serried
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Serrying.] [F. serrer, LL.
serrare, serare, from L. sera a
bar, bolt; akin to serere to join or bind together.
See Serries.] To crowd; to press together.
[Now perhaps only in the form serried, p. p. or
a.]
\'d8Ser`tu*la"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., dim. fr. L. serta a garland.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of delicate branching hydroids
having small sessile hydrothec\'91 along the sides of the
branches.
Ser`tu*la"ri*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Sertularia, or of
Sertularid\'91, a family of hydroids having branched
chitinous stems and simple sessile hydrothec\'91. Also used
adjectively.
Se"rum (?), n. [L., akin to Gr.
s\'bera curd.]
(Physiol.) (a) The watery portion of
certain animal fluids, as blood, milk, etc. (b)
A thin watery fluid, containing more or less albumin,
secreted by the serous membranes of the body, such as the
pericardium and peritoneum.
Blood serum, the pale yellowish fluid which
exudes from the clot formed in the coagulation of the blood; the
loquid portion of the blood, after removal of the blood
corpuscles and the fibrin. -- Muscle serum,
the thin watery fluid which separates from the muscles after
coagulation of the muscle plasma; the watery portion of the
plasma. See Muscle plasma, under
Plasma. -- Serum albumin (Physiol.
Chem.), an albuminous body, closely related to egg
albumin, present in nearly all serous fluids; esp., the albumin
of blood serum. -- Serum globulin (Physiol.
Chem.), paraglobulin. -- Serum of milk
(Physiol. Chem.), the whey, or fluid portion of
milk, remaining after removal of the casein and fat.
Serv"a*ble (?), a. [See
Serve.] 1. Capable of being
served.
2. [L. servabilis.] Capable
of being preserved. [R.]
Serv"age (?), n. [Cf. F.
servage.] Serfage; slavery;
servitude. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ser"val (?), n. [Cf. F.
serval.] (Zo\'94l.) An African
wild cat (Felis serval) of moderate size. It has
rather long legs and a tail of moderate length. Its color is
tawny, with black spots on the body and rings of black on the
tail.
Ser"val*ine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Related to, or resembling, the
serval.
Serv"ant (?), n. [OE.
servant, servaunt, F. servant, a
& p. pr. of servir to serve, L. servire.
See Serve, and cf. Sergeant.] 1.
One who serves, or does services, voluntarily or on
compulsion; a person who is employed by another for menial
offices, or for other labor, and is subject to his command; a
person who labors or exerts himself for the benefit of another,
his master or employer; a subordinate helper. \'bdA yearly
hired servant.\'b8
Lev. xxv. 53.
Men in office have begun to think themselves mere agents and
servants of the appointing power, and not agents of
the government or the country.
D. Webster.
servants for the time they are
employed in such character, as they act in subordination to
others. So any person may be legally the servant of another, in
whose business, and under whose order, direction, and control, he
is acting for the time being.
Chitty.
2. One in a state of subjection or bondage.
Thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt.
Deut. v. 15.
3. A professed lover or suitor; a gallant.
[Obs.]
In my time a servant was I one.
Chaucer.
Servant of servants, one debased to the lowest
condition of servitude. -- Your humble
servant, Your obedient servant,
phrases of civility often used in closing a letter.
Our betters tell us they are our humble servants,
but understand us to be their slaves.
Swift.
Serv"ant, v. t. To subject.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Serv"ant*ess, n. A maidservant.
[Obs.]
Wyclif.
Serv"ant*ry (?), n. A body of
servants; servants, collectively. [R.]
Serve (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Served (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Serving.]
[OE. serven, servien, OF. & F.
servir, fr. L. servire; akin to
servus a servant or slave, servare to
protect, preserve, observe; cf. Zend har to protect,
haurva protecting. Cf. Conserve,
Desert merit, Dessert, Observe,
Serf, Sergeant.] 1. To work
for; to labor in behalf of; to exert one's self continuously or
statedly for the benefit of; to do service for; to be in the
employment of, as an inferior, domestic, serf, slave, hired
assistant, official helper, etc.; specifically, in a religious
sense, to obey and worship.
God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit.
Rom. i. 9.
Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee
seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.
Gen. xxix. 18.
No man can serve two masters.
Matt. vi. 24.
Had I but served my God with half the zeal
I served my king, he would not in mine age
Have left me naked to mine enemies.
Shak.
2. To be subordinate to; to act a secondary part
under; to appear as the inferior of; to minister to.
Bodies bright and greater should not serve
The less not bright.
Milton.
3. To be suitor to; to profess love to.
[Obs.]
To serve a lady in his beste wise.
Chaucer.
4. To wait upon; to supply the wants of; to attend;
specifically, to wait upon at table; to attend at meals; to
supply with food; as, to serve customers in a
shop.
Others, pampered in their shameless pride,
Are served in plate and in their chariots ride.
Dryden.
5. Hence, to bring forward, arrange, deal, or
distribute, as a portion of anything, especially of food prepared
for eating; -- often with up; formerly with
in.
Bid them cover the table, serve in the meat, and we
will come in to dinner.
Shak.
Some part he roasts, then serves it up so
dressed.
Dryde.
<-- p. 1316 -->
6. To perform the duties belonging to, or required
in or for; hence, to be of use to; as, a curate may
serve two churches; to serve one's
country.
7. To contribute or conduce to; to promote; to be
sufficient for; to satisfy; as, to serve one's
turn.
Turn it into some advantage, by observing where it can
serve another end.
Jer. Taylor.
8. To answer or be (in the place of something) to;
as, a sofa serves one for a seat and a
couch.
9. To treat; to behave one's self to; to requite;
to act toward; as, he served me very ill.
10. To work; to operate; as, to serve
the guns.
11. (Law) (a) To bring to
notice, deliver, or execute, either actually or constructively,
in such manner as the law requires; as, to serve a
summons. (b) To make legal service opon
(a person named in a writ, summons, etc.); as, to
serve a witness with a subp.
12. To pass or spend, as time, esp. time of
punishment; as, to serve a term in
prison.
13. To copulate with; to cover; as, a horse
serves a mare; -- said of the male.
14. (Tennis) To lead off in delivering
(the ball).
15. (Naut.) To wind spun yarn, or the
like, tightly around (a rope or cable, etc.) so as to protect it
from chafing or from the weather. See under
Serving.
To serve an attachment a writ of
attachment (Law), to levy it on the
person or goods by seizure, or to seize. -- To serve an
execution (Law), to levy it on a lands,
goods, or person, by seizure or taking possession. --
To serve an office, to discharge a public
duty. -- To serve a process (Law),
in general, to read it, so as to give due notice to the party
concerned, or to leave an attested copy with him or his attorney,
or his usual place of abode. -- To serve a
warrant, to read it, and seize the person against whom
it is issued. -- To serve a writ
(Law), to read it to the defendant, or to leave an
attested copy at his usual place of abode. -- To serve
one out, to retaliate upon; to requite. \'bdI'll
serve you out for this.\'b8 C. Kingsley.
-- To serve one right, to treat, or cause to
befall one, according to his deserts; -- used commonly of ill
deserts; as, it serves the scoundrel right;
-- To serve one's self of, to avail one's self of;
to make use of. [A Gallicism]
I will serve myself of this concession.
Chillingworth.
-- To serve out, to distribute; as, to
serve out rations. -- To serve the
time the hour, to regulate one's
actions by the requirements of the time instead of by one's duty;
to be a timeserver. [Obs.]
They think herein we serve the time, because
thereby we either hold or seek preferment.
Hooker.
Syn. -- To obey; minister to; subserve; promote; aid; help;
assist; benefit; succor.
Serve (?), v. i. 1. To
be a servant or a slave; to be employed in labor or other
business for another; to be in subjection or bondage; to render
menial service.
The Lord shall give thee rest . . . from the hard bondage
wherein thou wast made to serve.
Isa. xiv. 3.
2. To perform domestic offices; to be occupied with
household affairs; to prepare and dish up food, etc.
But Martha . . . said, Lord, dost thou not care that my sister
hath left me to serve alone?
Luke x. 40.
3. To be in service; to do duty; to discharge the
requirements of an office or employment. Specifically, to act in
the public service, as a soldier, seaman. etc.
Many . . . who had before been great commanders, but now
served as private gentlemen without pay.
Knolles.
4. To be of use; to answer a purpose; to suffice;
to suit; to be convenient or favorable.
This little brand will serve to light your
fire.
Dryden.
As occasion serves, this noble queen
And prince shall follow with a fresh supply.
Shak.
5. (Tennis) To lead off in delivering
the ball.
Serv"er (?), n. 1. One
who serves.
2. A tray for dishes; a salver.
Randolph.
Ser"vi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Servia, a kingdom of Southern Europe. --
n. A native or inhabitant of
Servia.
<-- modern spelling, Serbia -->
{ Serv"ice (?), n., Serv"ice (?) }. [Properly, the tree
which bears serve, OE. serves, pl., service
berries, AS. syrfe service tree; akin to L.
sorbus.] (Bot.) A name given to
several trees and shrubs of the genus Pyrus, as
Pyrus domestica and P. torminalis of
Europe, the various species of mountain ash or rowan tree, and
the American shad bush (see Shad bush, under
Shad). They have clusters of small, edible, applelike
berries.
Service berry (Bot.), the fruit of
any kind of service tree. In British America the name is
especially applied to that of the several species or varieties of
the shad bush (Amelanchier.)
Serv"ice, n. [OE. servise,
OF. servise, service, F.
service, from L. servitium. See
Serve.] 1. The act of serving; the
occupation of a servant; the performance of labor for the benefit
of another, or at another's command; attendance of an inferior,
hired helper. slave, etc., on a superior, employer, master, or
the like; also, spiritual obedience and love. \'bdO God . .
. whose service is perfect freedom.\'b8
Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Madam, I entreat true peace of you,
Which I will purchase with my duteous service.
Shak.
God requires no man's service upon hard and
unreasonable terms.
Tillotson.
2. The deed of one who serves; labor performed for
another; duty done or required; office.
I have served him from the hour of my nativity, . . . and have
nothing at his hands for my service but blows.
Shak.
This poem was the last piece of service I did for
my master, King Charles.
Dryden.
To go on the forlorn hope is a service of peril;
who will understake it if it be not also a service of
honor?
Macaulay.
3. Office of devotion; official religious duty
performed; religious rites appropriate to any event or
ceremonial; as, a burial service.
The outward service of ancient religion, the rites,
ceremonies, and ceremonial vestments of the old law.
Coleridge.
4. Hence, a musical composition for use in
churches.
5. Duty performed in, or appropriate to, any office
or charge; official function; hence, specifically, military or
naval duty; performance of the duties of a soldier.
When he cometh to experience of service abroad . .
. ne maketh a worthy soldier.
Spenser.
6. Useful office; advantage conferred; that which
promotes interest or happiness; benefit; avail.
The stork's plea, when taken in a net, was the
service she did in picking up venomous creatures.
L'Estrange.
7. Profession of respect; acknowledgment of duty
owed. \'bdPray, do my service to his
majesty.\'b8
Shak.
8. The act and manner of bringing food to the
persons who eat it; order of dishes at table; also, a set or
number of vessels ordinarily used at table; as, the
service was tardy and awkward; a service of
plate or glass.
There was no extraordinary service seen on the
board.
Hakewill.
9. (Law) The act of bringing to notice,
either actually or constructively, in such manner as is
prescribed by law; as, the service of a subp.
10. (Naut.) The materials used for
serving a rope, etc., as spun yarn, small lines, etc.
11. (Tennis) The act of serving the
ball.
12. Act of serving or covering. See Serve,
v. t., 13.
Service book, a prayer book or missal. --
Service line (Tennis), a line parallel
to the net, and at a distance of 21 feet from it. --
Service of a writ, process,
etc. (Law), personal delivery or
communication of the writ or process, etc., to the party to be
affected by it, so as to subject him to its operation; the
reading of it to the person to whom notice is intended to be
given, or the leaving of an attested copy with the person or his
attorney, or at his usual place of abode. -- Service of
an attachment (Law), the seizing of the
person or goods according to the direction. -- Service
of an execution (Law), the levying of it
upon the goods, estate, or person of the defendant. --
Service pipe, a pipe connecting mains with a
dwelling, as in gas pipes, and the like.
Tomlinson. -- To accept service.
(Law) See under Accept. -- To
see service (Mil.), to do duty in the
presence of the enemy, or in actual war.
Serv"ice*a*ble (?), a. 1.
Doing service; promoting happiness, interest, advantage, or
any good; useful to any end; adapted to any good end use;
beneficial; advantageous. \'bdServiceable to
religion and learning\'b8. Atterbury.
\'bdServiceable tools.\'b8 Macaulay.
I know thee well, a serviceable villain.
Shak.
2. Prepared for rendering service; capable of, or
fit for, the performance of duty; hence, active; diligent.
Courteous he was, lowly, and servysable.
Chaucer.
Bright-hearnessed angels sit in order
serviceable.
Milton.
Seeing her so sweet and serviceable.
Tennnyson.
-- Serv"ice*a*ble*ness, n. --
Serv"ice*a*bly, adv.
Serv"ice*age (?), n.
Servitude. [Obs.]
Fairfax.
Serv"i*ent (?), a. [L.
serviens, -entis, p. pr. See
Serve.] Subordinate. [Obs. except
in law.]
Dyer.
Servient tenement estate (Law), that on which the
burden of a servitude or an easement is imposed. Cf.
Dominant estate, under Dominant.
Gale & Whately.
\'d8Ser`viette" (?), n.
[F.] A table napkin.
Serv"ile (?), a. [L.
servile, fr. servus a servant or slave: cf.
F. servile. See Serve.] 1.
Of or pertaining to a servant or slave; befitting a servant
or a slave; proceeding from dependence; hence, meanly submissive;
slavish; mean; cringing; fawning; as, servile
flattery; servile fear; servile
obedience.
She must bend the servile knee.
Thomson.
Fearing dying pays death servile breath.
Shak.
2. Held in subjection; dependent; enslaved.
Even fortune rules no more, O servile land!
Pope.
3. (Gram.) (a) Not belonging to
the original root; as, a servile letter.
(b) Not itself sounded, but serving to lengthen the
preceeding vowel, as e in tune.
Serv"ile, n. (Gram.) An
element which forms no part of the original root; -- opposed to
radical.
Serv"ile*ly, adv. In a servile manner;
slavishly.
Serv"ile*ness, n. Quality of being
servile; servility.
Ser*vil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
servilit\'82.] The quality or state of
being servile; servileness.
To be a queen in bondage is more vile
Than is a slave in base servility.
Shak.
Serv"ing, a & n. from
Serve.
Serving board (Naut.), a flat piece
of wood used in serving ropes. -- Serving maid,
a female servant; a maidservant. -- Serving
mallet (Naut.), a wooden instrument shaped
like a mallet, used in serving ropes. -- Serving
man, a male servant, or attendant; a manservant.
-- Serving stuff (Naut.), small lines
for serving ropes.
Serv"ite (?), n. [It.
servita.] (R.C.Ch.) One of the
order of the Religious Servants of the Holy Virgin, founded in
Florence in 1223.
Serv"i*for (?), n. [L., fr.
servire to serve: cf. F. serviteur.]
1. One who serves; a servant; an attendant; one who
acts under another; a follower or adherent.
Your trusty and most valiant servitor.
Shak.
2. (Univ. of Oxford, Eng.) An
undergraduate, partly supported by the college funds, whose duty
it formerly was to wait at table. A servitor
corresponded to a sizar in Cambridge and Dublin
universities.
Serv"i*tor*ship, n. The office, rank, or
condition of a servitor.
Boswell.
Serv"i*tude (?), n. [L.
servitudo: cf. F. servitude.]
1. The state of voluntary or compulsory subjection
to a master; the condition of being bound to service; the
condition of a slave; slavery; bondage; hence, a state of slavish
dependence.
You would have sold your king to slaughter,
His princes and his peers to servitude.
Shak.
A splendid servitude; . . . for he that rises up
early, and goe
South.
2. Servants, collectively.
[Obs.]
After him a cumbrous train
Of herds and flocks, and numerous servitude.
Milton.
3. (Law) A right whereby one thing is
subject to another thing or person for use or convenience,
contrary to the common right.
servitude is either to
suffer something to be done by another, or to omit to do
something, with respect to a thing. The easements of
the English correspond in some respects with the
servitudes of the Roman law. Both terms are used by
common law writers, and often indiscriminately. The former,
however, rather indicates the right enjoyed, and the latter the
burden imposed.
Ayliffe. Erskine. E. Washburn.
Penal servitude. See under
Penal. -- Personal servitude
(Law), that which arises when the use of a thing
is granted as a real right to a particular individual other than
the proprietor. -- Predial servitude
(Law), that which one estate owes to another
estate. When it related to lands, vineyards, gardens, or the
like, it is called rural; when it related to houses and
buildings, it is called urban.
Serv"i*ture (?), n. Servants,
collectively. [Obs.]
Serv"i*tute (?), n. [L.
servitus.] Servitude.
[Obs.]
Se"rye (?), n. A series.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ses"a*me (?), n. [L.
sesamum, sesama, Gr. s\'82same.] (Bot.)
Either of two annual herbaceous plants of the genus
Sesamum (S. Indicum, and S.
orientale), from the seeds of which an oil is expressed;
also, the small obovate, flattish seeds of these plants,
sometimes used as food. See Benne.
Open Sesame, the magical command which opened
the door of the robber's den in the Arabian Nights' tale of
\'bdThe Forty Thieves;\'b8 hence, a magical
password. -- Sesame grass. (Bot.)
Same as Gama grass.
Ses"a*moid (?), a. [Gr.
s\'82samo\'8bde.] 1.
Resembling in shape the seeds of sesame.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
sesamoid bones or cartilages; sesamoidal.
Sesamoid bones, Sesamoid
cartilages (Anat.), small bones or
cartilages formed in tendons, like the patella and pisiform in
man.
Ses"a*moid, n. (Anat.) A
sesamoid bone or cartilage.
Ses`a*moid"al (?), a.
(Anat.) Sesamoid.
Ses"ban (?), n. [F., fr. Ar.
saisab\'ben, seiseb\'ben, a kind of tree,
fr. Per. s\'c6sab\'ben seed of cinquefoil.]
(Bot.) A leguminous shrub (Sesbania
aculeata) which furnishes a fiber used for making
ropes.
Sesbania \'92gyptiaca, and other species of the same
genus.
\'d8Ses`qui- (?). [L., one half more, one
and a half.] (Chem.) A combining form (also
used adjectively) denoting that three atoms or
equivalents of the substance to the name of which it is
prefixed are combined with two of some other element
or radical; as, sesquibromide,
sesquicarbonate, sesquichloride,
sesquioxide.
Sesquidupli- is sometimes, but rarely,
used in the same manner to denote the proportions of two and
a half to one, or rather of five to
two.
Ses`qui*al"ter (?), a.
Sesquialteral.
{ Ses`qui*al"ter (?),
Ses`qui*al"ter*a (?), } n.
[NL. sesquialtera.] (Mus.)
A stop on the organ, containing several ranks of pipes which
re\'89nforce some of the high harmonics of the ground tone, and
make the sound more brilliant.
{ Ses`qui*al"ter*al (?),
Ses`qui*al"ter*ate (?), } a.
[L. sesquialter once and a half;
sesqui- + alter other: cf. F.
sesquialt\'82re.] Once and a half times as
great as another; having the ratio of one and a half to
one.
Sesquialteral ratio (Math.), the
ratio of one and a half to one; thus, 9 and 6 are in a
sequialteral ratio.
Ses`qui*al"ter*ous (?), a.
Sesquialteral.
Ses`qui*ba"sic (?), a.
[Sesqui- + basic.]
(Chem.) Containing, or acting as, a base in the
proportions of a sesqui compound.
Ses`qui*du"pli*cate (?), a.
[Sesqui- + duplicate.]
Twice and a half as great (as another thing); having the
ratio of two and a half to one.
Sesquiduplicate ratio (Math.), the
ratio of two and a half to one, or one in which the greater term
contains the lesser twice and a half, as that of 50 to
20.
Ses`qui*ox"ide (?), n.
[Sesqui- + oxide.]
(Chem.) An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen
with two atoms (or radicals) of some other substance; thus,
alumina, Al2O3 is a
sesquioxide.
{ Ses*quip"e*dal (?),
Ses`qui*pe*da"li*an (?), } a.
[Sesqui- + pedal: cf. F.
sesquip\'82dal, L. sesquipedalis.]
Measuring or containing a foot and a half; as, a
sesquipedalian pygmy; -- sometimes humorously
applied to long words.
<-- 2. having a tendency to use long words. -->
{ Ses`qui*pe*da"li*an*ism (?),
Ses*quip"e*dal*ism (?), } n.
Sesquipedality.
Ses`qyi*pe*dal"i*ty (?), n.
1. The quality or condition of being
sesquipedal.
Sterne.
2. The use of sesquipedalian words; style
characterized by the use of long words; sesquipedalism.
Ses*quip"li*cate (?), a.
[Sesqui- + plicate.]
(Math.) Subduplicate of the triplicate; -- a term
applied to ratios; thus, a and a\'b7 are in
the sesquiplicate ratio of b and
b\'b7, when a is to a\'b7 as the
square root of the cube of b is to the square root of
the cube of b\'b7, or
a:a\'b7::3:3.
The periodic times of the planets are in the
sesquiplicate ratio of their mean distances.
Sir I. Newton.
Ses"qui*salt (?), n.
[Sesqui- + salt.]
(Chem.) A salt derived from a sesquioxide base,
or made up on the proportions of a sesqui compound.
<-- p. 1317 -->
Ses`qui*sul"phide (?), n.
[Sesqui- + sulphide.]
(Chem.) A sulphide, analogous to a sesquioxide,
containing three atoms of sulphur to two of the other ingredient;
-- formerly called also sesquisulphuret;
as, orpiment, As2S3 is arsenic
sesquisulphide.
Ses`qui*ter"tial (?), a.
Sesquitertian.
{ Ses`qui*ter"tian (?),
Ses`qui*ter"tian*al (?), } a.
[Sesqui- + L. tertianus belonging to
the third. Cf. Tertian.] (Math.)
Having the ratio of one and one third to one (as 4 :
3).
Ses"qui*tone (?), n.
[Sesqui- + tone.]
(Mus.) A minor third, or interval of three
semitones.
Sess (?), v. t. [Aphetic form
of assess. See Assess, Cess.]
To lay a tax upon; to assess. [Obs.]
Sess, n. A tax; an assessment. See
Cess. [Obs.]
Ses"sa (?), interj. Hurry;
run. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ses"sile (?), a. [L.
sessilis low, dwarf, from sedere,
sessum, to sit: cf. F. sessile.]
1. Attached without any sensible projecting
support.
2. (Bot.) Resting directly upon the main
stem or branch, without a petiole or footstalk; as, a
sessile leaf or blossom.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Permanently attached; --
said of the gonophores of certain hydroids which never became
detached.
Ses"sile-eyed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having eyes which are not elevated on
a stalk; -- opposed to stalk-eyed.
Sessile-eyed Crustacea, the
Arthrostraca.
Ses"sion (?), n. [L.
sessio, fr. sedere, sessum, to
sit: cf. F. session. See Sit.]
1. The act of sitting, or the state of being
seated. [Archaic]
So much his ascension into heaven and his session
at the right hand of God do import.
Hooker.
But Viven, gathering somewhat of his mood, . . .
Leaped from her session on his lap, and stood.
Tennyson.
2. The actual sitting of a court, council,
legislature, etc., or the actual assembly of the members of such
a body, for the transaction of business.
It's fit this royal session do proceed.
Shak.
3. Hence, also, the time, period, or term during
which a court, council, legislature, etc., meets daily for
business; or, the space of time between the first meeting and the
prorogation or adjournment; thus, a session of
Parliaments is opened with a speech from the throne, and closed
by prorogation. The session of a judicial court is
called a term.
It was resolved that the convocation should meet at the
beginning of the next session of Parliament.
Macaulay.
Sessions, in some of the States, is
particularly used as a title for a court of justices, held for
granting licenses to innkeepers, etc., and for laying out
highways, and the like; it is also the title of several courts of
criminal jurisdiction in England and the United States.
Church session, the lowest court in the
Presbyterian Church, composed of the pastor and a body of elders
elected by the members of a particular church, and having the
care of matters pertaining to the religious interests of that
church, as the admission and dismission of members, discipline,
etc. -- Court of Session, the supreme civil
court of Scotland. -- Quarter sessions.
(Eng.Law) See under Quarter. --
Sessions of the peace, sittings held by justices
of the peace. [Eng.]
Ses"sion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a session or sessions.
Sess"pool` (?), n. [Prov. E.
suss hogwash, soss a dirty mess, a puddle +
E. pool a puddle; cf. Gael. ses a coarse
mess.] Same as Cesspool.
Ses"terce (?), n. [L.
sestertius (sc. nummus), fr.
sestertius two and a half; semis half +
tertius third: cf. F. sesterce.]
(Rom. Antiq.) A Roman coin or denomination of
money, in value the fourth part of a denarius, and originally
containing two asses and a half, afterward four asses, -- equal
to about two pence sterling, or four cents.
Ses*tet" (?), n. [It.
sestetto, fr. sesto sixth, L.
sextus, fr. sex six.] 1.
(Mus.) A piece of music composed for six voices
or six instruments; a sextet; -- called also
sestuor. [Written also
sestett, sestette.]
2. (Poet.) The last six lines of a
sonnet.
\'d8Ses*tet"to (?),
n.[It.] (Mus.) A
sestet.
Ses"tine (?), n. See
Sextain.
Ses"tu*or (?), n. [F.]
A sestet.
Set (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Set; p. pr. & vb. n.
Setting.] [OE. setten, AS.
setton; akin to OS. settian, OFries.
setta, D. zetten, OHG. sezzen,
G. setzen, Icel. setja, Sw.
s\'84tta, Dan. s, Goth.
satjan; causative from the root of E. sit.
Sit, and cf. Seize.]
1. To cause to sit; to make to assume a specified
position or attitude; to give site or place to; to place; to put;
to fix; as, to set a house on a stone foundation; to
set a book on a shelf; to set a dish on a
table; to set a chest or trunk on its bottom or on
end.
I do set my bow in the cloud.
Gen. ix. 13.
2. Hence, to attach or affix (something) to
something else, or in or upon a certain place.
Set your affection on things above.
Col. iii. 2.
The Lord set a mark upon Cain.
Gen. iv. 15.
3. To make to assume specified place, condition, or
occupation; to put in a certain condition or state (described by
the accompanying words); to cause to be.
The Lord thy God will set thee on hihg.
Deut. xxviii. 1.
I am come to set a man at variance against his
father, and the daughter against her mother.
Matt. x. 35.
Every incident sets him thinking.
Coleridge.
4. To fix firmly; to make fast, permanent, or
stable; to render motionless; to give an unchanging place, form,
or condition to. Specifically: --
(a) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to
fsten to a spot; hence, to occasion difficulty to; to embarrass;
as, to set a coach in the mud.
They show how hard they are set in this
particular.
Addison.
(b) To fix beforehand; to determine; hence, to make
unyielding or obstinate; to render stiff, unpliant, or rigid; as,
to set one's countenance.
His eyes were set by reason of his age.
1 Kings xiv. 4.
On these three objects his heart was set.
Macaulay.
Make my heart as a millstone, set my face as a
flint.
Tennyson.
(c) To fix in the ground, as a post or a tree; to
plant; as, to set pear trees in an
orchard.
(d) To fix, as a precious stone, in a border of
metal; to place in a setting; hence, to place in or amid
something which serves as a setting; as, to set
glass in a sash.
And him too rich a jewel to be set
In vulgar metal for a vulgar use.
Dryden.
(e) To render stiff or solid; especially, to
convert into curd; to curdle; as, to set milk for
cheese.
5. To put into a desired position or condition; to
adjust; to regulate; to adapt. Specifically: --
<-- to set a table -->
(a) To put in order in a particular manner; to
prepare; as, to set (that is, to hone) a razor; to
set a saw.
Tables for to sette, and beddes make.
Chaucer.
(b) To extend and bring into position; to spread;
as, to set the sails of a ship.
(c) To give a pitch to, as a tune; to start by
fixing the keynote; as, to set a psalm.
Fielding.
(d) To reduce from a dislocated or fractured state;
to replace; as, to set a broken bone.
(e) To make to agree with some standard; as, to
set a watch or a clock.
(f) (Masonry) To lower into place and
fix silidly, as the blocks of cut stone in a structure.
6. To stake at play; to wager; to risk.
I have set my life upon a cast,
And I will stand the hazard of the die.
Shak.
7. To fit with music; to adapt, as words to notes;
to prepare for singing.
Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute.
Dryden.
8. To determine; to appoint; to assign; to fix;
as, to set a time for a meeting; to set a
price on a horse.
9. To adorn with something infixed or affixed; to
stud; to variegate with objects placed here and there.
High on their heads, with jewels richly set,
Each lady wore a radiant coronet.
Dryden.
Pastoral dales thin set with modern farms.
Wordsworth.
10. To value; to rate; -- with at.
Be you contented, wearing now the garland,
To have a son set your decrees at naught.
Shak.
I do not set my life at a pin's fee.
Shak.
11. To point out the seat or position of, as birds,
or other game; -- said of hunting dogs.
12. To establish as a rule; to furnish; to
prescribe; to assign; as, to set an example; to
set lessons to be learned.
13. To suit; to become; as, it sets
him ill. [Scot.]
14. (Print.) To compose; to arrange in
words, lines, etc.; as, to set type; to set
a page.
To set abroach. See Abroach.
[Obs.] Shak. -- To set
against, to oppose; to set in comparison with, or to
oppose to, as an equivalent in exchange; as, to set one
thing against another. -- To set
agoing, to cause to move. -- To set
apart, to separate to a particular use; to separate
from the rest; to reserve. -- To set a saw,
to bend each tooth a little, every alternate one being bent
to one side, and the intermediate ones to the other side, so that
the opening made by the saw may be a little wider than the
thickness of the back, to prevent the saw from sticking. --
To set aside. (a) To leave out of
account; to pass by; to omit; to neglect; to reject; to
annul.
Setting aside all other considerations, I will
endeavor to know the truth, and yield to that.
Tillotson.
(b) To set apart; to reserve; as, to set
aside part of one's income. (c)
(Law) See under Aside. -- To
set at defiance, to defy. -- To set at
ease, to quiet; to tranquilize; as, to set
the heart at ease. -- To set at
naught, to undervalue; to contemn; to despise.
\'bdYe have set at naught all my counsel.\'b8
Prov. i. 25. -- To set a trap,
snare, gin, to put it
in a proper condition or position to catch prey; hence, to lay a
plan to deceive and draw another into one's power. --
To set at work, To set to
work. (a) To cause to enter on work or
action, or to direct how tu enter on work. (b)
To apply one's self; -- used reflexively. -- To set
before. (a) To bring out to view before; to
exhibit. (b) To propose for choice to; to offer
to. -- To set by. (a) To set apart
or on one side; to reject. (b) To attach the
value of (anything) to. \'bdI set not a straw
by thy dreamings.\'b8 Chaucer. --
To set by the compass, to observe and note the
bearing or situation of by the compass. -- To set
case, to suppose; to assume. Cf. Put case,
under Put, v. t. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- To set down. (a)
To enter in writing; to register.
Some rules were to be set down for the government
of the army.
Clarendon.
(b) To fix; to establish; to ordain.
This law we may name eternal, being that order which God . . .
hath set down with himself, for himself to do all
things by.
Hooker.
(c) To humiliate. -- To set eyes on,
to see; to behold; to fasten the eyes on. --
To set fire to, To set on
fire, to communicate fire to; fig., to inflame;
to enkindle the passions of; to irritate. -- To set
flying (Naut.), to hook to halyards, sheets,
etc., instead of extending with rings or the like on a stay; --
said of a sail. -- To set forth. (a)
To manifest; to offer or present to view; to exhibt; to
display. (b) To publish; to promulgate; to make
appear. Waller. (c) To send out; to
prepare and send. [Obs.]
The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty galleys, set
forth by the Venetians.
Knolles.
-- To set forward. (a) To cause to
advance. (b) To promote. -- To set
free, to release from confinement, imprisonment, or
bondage; to liberate; to emancipate. -- To set
in, to put in the way; to begin; to give a start to.
[Obs.]
If you please to assist and set me in, I
will recollect myself.
Collier.
-- To set in order, to adjust or arrange; to
reduce to method. \'bdThe rest will I set in order
when I come.\'b8 1 Cor. xi. 34. -- To set
milk. (a) To expose it in open dishes in order
that the cream may rise to the surface. (b) To
cause it to become curdled as by the action of rennet. See 4
(e). -- To set much, little, by, to care much, or
little, for. -- To set of, to value; to set
by. [Obs.] \'bdI set not an haw
of his proverbs.\'b8 Chaucer. -- To
set off. (a) To separate from a whole; to
assign to a particular purpose; to portion off; as, to set
off a portion of an estate. (b) To adorn;
to decorate; to embellish.
They . . . set off the worst faces with the best
airs.
Addison.
(c) To give a flattering description of. --
To set off against, to place against as an
equivalent; as, to set off one man's services
against another's. -- To set
on upon. (a) To
incite; to instigate. \'bdThou, traitor, hast set
on thy wife to this.\'b8 Shak. (b) To
employ, as in a task. \'bd Set on thy wife to
observe.\'b8 Shak. (c) To fix upon; to
attach strongly to; as, to set one's heart or
affections on some object. See definition 2,
above. -- To set one's cap for. See under
Cap, n. -- To set one's self
against, to place one's self in a state of enmity or
opposition to. -- To set one's teeth, to
press them together tightly. -- To set on foot,
to set going; to put in motion; to start. -- To set
out. (a) To assign; to allot; to mark off; to
limit; as, to set out the share of each proprietor
or heir of an estate; to set out the widow's
thirds. (b) To publish, as a
proclamation. [Obs.] (c) To adorn;
to embellish.
An ugly woman, in rich habit set out with jewels,
nothing can become.
Dryden.
(d) To raise, equip, and send forth; to
furnish. [R.]
The Venetians pretend they could set out, in case
of great necessity, thirty men-of-war.
Addison.
(e) To show; to display; to recommend; to set
off.
I could set out that best side of Luther.
Atterbury.
(f) To show; to prove. [R.]
\'bdThose very reasons set out how heinous his sin
was.\'b8 Atterbury. (g) (Law) To
recite; to state at large. -- To set over.
(a) To appoint or constitute as supervisor,
inspector, ruler, or commander. (b) To assign;
to transfer; to convey. -- To set right, to
correct; to put in order. -- To set sail.
(Naut.) See under Sail,
n. -- To set store by, to consider
valuable. -- To set the fashion, to determine
what shall be the fashion; to establish the mode. -- To
set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a
disagreeable sensation, as when acids are brought in contact with
them. -- To set the watch (Naut.),
to place the starboard or port watch on duty. -- To
set to, to attach to; to affix to. \'bdHe . . . hath
set to his seal that God is true.\'b8 John iii.
33. -- To set up. (a) To
erect; to raise; to elevate; as, to set up a building,
or a machine; to set up a post, a wall, a pillar.
(b) Hence, to exalt; to put in power. \'bdI
will . . . set up the throne of David over Israel.\'b8
2 Sam. iii. 10. (c) To begin, as a new
institution; to institute; to establish; to found; as, to
set up a manufactory; to set up a school.
(d) To enable to commence a new business; as,
to set up a son in trade. (e) To
place in view; as, to set up a mark.
(f) To raise; to utter loudly; as, to set
up the voice.
I'll set up such a note as she shall hear.
Dryden.
(g) To advance; to propose as truth or for
reception; as, to set up a new opinion or
doctrine. T. Burnet. (h) To raise
from depression, or to a sufficient fortune; as, this good
fortune quite set him up.
(i) To intoxicate. [Slang]
(j) (Print.) To put in type; as,
to set up copy; to arrange in words, lines, etc., ready
for printing; as, to set up type. --
To set up the rigging (Naut.), to make
it taut by means of tackles. R. H. Dana, Jr.
Syn. -- See Put.
Set (?), v. i. 1. To
pass below the horizon; to go down; to decline; to sink out of
sight; to come to an end.
Ere the weary sun set in the west.
Shak.
Thus this century sets with little mirth, and the
next is likely to arise with more mourning.
Fuller.
2. To fit music to words. [Obs.]
Shak.
3. To place plants or shoots in the ground; to
plant. \'bdTo sow dry, and set wet.\'b8
Old Proverb.
4. To be fixed for growth; to strike root; to begin
to germinate or form; as, cuttings set well; the
fruit has set well (i. e., not blasted in the
blossom).
5. To become fixed or rigid; to be fastened.
A gathering and serring of the spirits together to resist,
maketh the teeth to set hard one against another.
Bacon.
6. To congeal; to concrete; to solidify.
That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to
set.
Boyle.
7. To have a certain direction in motion; to flow;
to move on; to tend; as, the current sets to the
north; the tide sets to the windward.
8. To begin to move; to go out or forth; to start;
-- now followed by out.
The king is set from London.
Shak.
9. To indicate the position of game; -- said of a
dog; as, the dog sets well; also, to hunt game
by the aid of a setter.
10. To apply one's self; to undertake earnestly; --
now followed by out.
If he sets industriously and sincerely to perform
the commands of Christ, he can have no ground of doubting but it
shall prove successful to him.
Hammond.
11. To fit or suit one; to sit; as, the coat
sets well. [Colloquially used, but
improperly, for sit.]
set for
sit in such expressions as, the hen is
setting on thirteen eggs; a setting hen,
etc., although colloquially common, and sometimes tolerated in
serious writing, is not to be approved.
To set about, to commence; to begin. --
To set forward, to move or march; to begin to
march; to advance. -- To set forth, to begin
a journey. -- To set in. (a) To
begin; to enter upon a particular state; as, winter set
in early. (b) To settle one's self; to
become established. \'bdWhen the weather was set
in to be very bad.\'b8 Addyson. (c) To
flow toward the shore; -- said of the tide. -- To set
off. (a) To enter upon a journey; to
start. (b) (Typog.) To deface or
soil the next sheet; -- said of the ink on a freshly printed
sheet, when another sheet comes in contract with it before it has
had time to dry. -- To set on upon. (a) To begin, as a journey
or enterprise; to set about.
He that would seriously set upon the search of
truth.
Locke.
(b) To assault; to make an attack.
Bacon.
Cassio hath here been set on in the dark.
Shak.
-- To set out, to begin a journey or course;
as, to set out for London, or from London; to
set out in business;to set out in life or the
world. -- To set to, to apply one's self
to. -- To set up. (a) To begin
business or a scheme of life; as, to set up in
trade; to set up for one's self. (b)
To profess openly; to make pretensions.
Those men who set up for mortality without regard
to religion, are generally but virtuous in part.
Swift.
<-- p. 1318 -->
Set (?), a. 1. Fixed
in position; immovable; rigid; as, a set line; a
set countenance.
2. Firm; unchanging; obstinate; as,
set opinions or prejudices.
3. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a set
discourse; a set battle. \'bdThe
set phrase of peace.\'b8
Shak.
4. Established; prescribed; as, set
forms of prayer.
5. Adjusted; arranged; formed; adapted.
Set hammer. (a) A hammer the head of
which is not tightly fastened upon the handle, but may be
reversed. Knight. (b) A hammer with a
concave face which forms a die for shaping anything, as the end
of a bolt, rivet, etc. -- Set line, a line to
which a number of baited hooks are attached, and which, supported
by floats and properly secured, may be left unguarded during the
absence of the fisherman. -- Set nut, a jam
nut or lock nut. See under Nut. -- Set
screw (Mach.), a screw, sometimes cupped or
printed at one end, and screwed through one part, as of a
machine, tightly upon another part, to prevent the one from
slipping upon the other. -- Set speech, a
speech carefully prepared before it is delivered in public; a
formal or methodical speech.
Set, n. 1. The act of setting,
as of the sun or other heavenly body; descent; hence, the close;
termination. \'bdLocking at the set of day.\'b8
Tennyson.
The weary sun hath made a golden set.
Shak.
2. That which is set, placed, or fixed.
Specifically: -- (a) A young plant for growth;
as, a set of white thorn. (b)
That which is staked; a wager; a venture; a stake; hence, a
game at venture. [Obs. or R.]
We will in France, by God's grace, play a set
Shall strike his father's crown into the hazard.
Shak.
That was but civil war, an equal set.
Dryden.
(c) (Mech.) Permanent change of figure
in consequence of excessive strain, as from compression, tension,
bending, twisting, etc.; as, the set of a
spring.
(d) A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or
giving shape to, metal; as, a saw set.
(e) (Pile Driving) A piece placed
temporarily upon the head of a pile when the latter cannot be
reached by the weight, or hammer, except by means of such an
intervening piece. [Often incorrectly written
sett.]
(f) (Carp.) A short steel spike used for
driving the head of a nail below the surface.
3. [Perhaps due to confusion with sect,
sept.] A number of things of the same kind,
ordinarily used or classed together; a collection of articles
which naturally complement each other, and usually go together;
an assortment; a suit; as, a set of chairs, of
china, of surgical or mathematical instruments, of books,
etc. [In this sense, sometimes incorrectly
written sett.]
4. A number of persons associated by custom,
office, common opinion, quality, or the like; a division; a
group; a clique. \'bdOthers of our set.\'b8
Tennyson.
This falls into different divisions, or sets, of
nations connected under particular religions.
R. P. Ward.
5. Direction or course; as, the set of
the wind, or of a current.
6. In dancing, the number of persons necessary to
execute a quadrille; also, the series of figures or movements
executed.
7. The deflection of a tooth, or of the teeth, of a
saw, which causes the the saw to cut a kerf, or make an opening,
wider than the blade.
8. (a) A young oyster when first
attached. (b) Collectively, the crop of young
oysters in any locality.
9. (Tennis) A series of as many games as
may be necessary to enable one side to win six. If at the end of
the tenth game the score is a tie, the set is usually called a
deuce set, and decided by an application of the rules
for playing off deuce in a game. See Deuce.
10. (Type Founding) That dimension of
the body of a type called by printers the width.
Dead set. (a) The act of a setter dog
when it discovers the game, and remains intently fixed in
pointing it out. (b) A fixed or stationary
condition arising from obstacle or hindrance; a deadlock; as, to
be at a dead set. (c) A concerted
scheme to defraud by gaming; a determined onset. -- To
make a dead set, to make a determined onset, literally
or figuratively.
Syn. -- Collection; series; group. See Pair.
\'d8Se"ta (?), n.; pl.
Set\'91. [L. seta,
saeta, a bristle.] 1.
(Biol.) Any slender, more or less rigid,
bristlelike organ or part; as the hairs of a caterpillar, the
slender spines of a crustacean, the hairlike processes of a
protozoan, the bristles or stiff hairs on the leaves of some
plants, or the pedicel of the capsule of a moss.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the
movable chitinous spines or hooks of an annelid. They usually
arise in clusters from muscular capsules, and are used in
locomotion and for defense. They are very diverse in form.
(b) One of the spinelike feathers at the base of
the bill of certain birds.
Se*ta"ceous (?), a. [L.
seta a bristle: cf. F. s\'82tac\'82.]
1. Set with, or consisting of, bristles; bristly;
as, a stiff, setaceous tail.
2. Bristelike in form or texture; as, a
setaceous feather; a setaceous leaf.
Set"back` (?), n. 1.
(Arch.) Offset, n., 4.
2. A backset; a countercurrent; an eddy.
[U. S.]
3. A backset; a check; a repulse; a reverse; a
relapse. [Colloq. U.S.]
Set"bolt` (?), n.
(Shipbuilding) 1. An iron pin, or bolt,
for fitting planks closely together.
Craig.
2. A bolt used for forcing another bolt out of its
hole.
Set"down` (?), n. The humbling
of a person by act or words, especially by a retort or a reproof;
the retort or the reproof which has such effect.
Set*ee" (?), n. (Naut.)
See 2d Settee.
Set"en (?), obs. imp. pl. of
Sit. Sat.
Chaucer.
Set"e*wale (?), n. See
Cetewale. [Obs.]
Set"-fair` (?), n. In
plastering, a particularly good troweled surface.
Knight.
Set"foil` (?), n. See
Septfoil.
Seth"en (?), adv. & conj. See
Since. [Obs.]
Seth"ic (?), a. See
Sothic.
Se*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
seta a bristle + -ferous.]
Producing, or having one or more, bristles.
Se"ti*form (?), a.
[Seta + -form: cf. F.
s\'82tiforme.] Having the form or structure
of set\'91.
Se"ti*ger (?), n. [NL. See
Setigerous.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid
having set\'91; a ch\'91topod.
Se*tig"er*ous (?), a.
[Seta + -gerous.] Covered
with bristles; having or bearing a seta or set\'91; setiferous;
as, setigerous glands; a setigerous segment
of an annelid; specifically (Bot.), tipped with a
bristle.
Se"tim (?), n. See
Shittim.
Se*tip"a*rous (?), a.
[Seta + L. papere to produce.]
(Zo\'94l.) Producing set\'91; -- said of the
organs from which the set\'91 of annelids arise.
Se"ti*reme (?), n.
[Seta + L. remus an oar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A swimming leg (of an insect) having a
fringe of hairs on the margin.
Set"ness (?), n. The quality or
state of being set; formality; obstinacy. \'bdThe starched
setness of a sententious writer.\'b8
R. Masters.
Set"-off` (?), n.
[Set + off.] 1.
That which is set off against another thing; an
offset.
I do not contemplate such a heroine as a set-off to
the many sins imputed to me as committed against woman.
D. Jerrold.
2. That which is used to improve the appearance of
anything; a decoration; an ornament.
3. (Law) A counterclaim; a cross debt or
demand; a distinct claim filed or set up by the defendant against
the plaintiff's demand.
Set-off differs from
recoupment, as the latter generally grows out of the
same matter or contract with the plaintiff's claim, while the
former grows out of distinct matter, and does not of itself deny
the justice of the plaintiff's demand. Offset is
sometimes improperly used for the legal term set-off.
See Recoupment.
4. (Arch.) Same as Offset,
n., 4.
5. (Print.) See Offset,
7.
Syn. -- Set-off, Offset. --
Offset originally denoted that which branches off or
projects, as a shoot from a tree, but the term has long been used
in America in the sense of set-off. This use is
beginning to obtain in England; though Macaulay uses
set-off, and so, perhaps, do a majority of English
writers.
Se"ton (?), n. [F.
s\'82ton (cf. It. setone), from L.
seta a thick, stiff hair, a bristle.] (Med.
& Far.) A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip
of linen or the like, introduced beneath the skin by a knife or
needle, so as to form an issue; also, the issue so formed.
{ Se*tose" (?), Se"tous
(?), } a. [L. setosus,
saetosus, from seta, saeta,
bristle: cf. F. s\'82teux.] Thickly set
with bristles or bristly hairs.
Set"out` (?), n. A display, as
of plate, equipage, etc.; that which is displayed.
[Coloq.]
Dickens.
Set"-stitched` (?), a. Stitched
according to a formal pattern. \'bdAn old
set-stiched chair, valanced, and fringed with
party-colored worsted bobs.\'b8
Sterne.
Sett (?), n. See Set,
n., 2 (e) and 3.
Set*tee" (?), n. [From
Set; cf. Settle a seat.] A long seat
with a back, -- made to accommodate several persons at
once.
Set*tee", n. [F. sc\'82tie,
scitie.] (Naut.) A vessel with a
very long, sharp prow, carrying two or three masts with lateen
sails, -- used in the Mediterranean. [Written also
setee.]
Set"ter (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, sets; -- used mostly in composition with a
noun, as typesetter; or in combination with an adverb,
as a setter on (or inciter), a setter up, a
setter forth.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A hunting dog of a special
breed originally derived from a cross between the spaniel and the
pointer. Modern setters are usually trained to indicate the
position of game birds by standing in a fixed position, but
originally they indicated it by sitting or crouching.
Irish, or red, setter; the
Gordon setter, which is usually red or tan varied with
black; and the English setter, which is variously
colored, but usually white and tawny red, with or without
black.
3. One who hunts victims for sharpers.
Shak.
4. One who adapts words to music in
composition.
5. An adornment; a decoration; -- with
off. [Obs.]
They come as . . . setters off of thy graces.
Whitlock.
6. (Pottery) A shallow seggar for
porcelain.
Ure.
Set"ter, v. t. To cut the dewlap (of a
cow or an ox), and to insert a seton, so as to cause an
issue. [Prov. Eng.]
Set"ter*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) The bear's-foot (Helleborus
f); -- so called because the root was used in
settering, or inserting setons into the dewlaps of
cattle. Called also pegroots.
Dr. Prior.
Set"ting (?), n. 1.
The act of one who, or that which, sets; as, the
setting of type, or of gems; the setting of the
sun; the setting (hardening) of moist plaster of Paris;
the setting (set) of a current.
2. The act of marking the position of game, as a
setter does; also, hunting with a setter.
Boyle.
3. Something set in, or inserted.
Thou shalt set in it settings of stones.
Ex. xxviii. 17.
4. That in which something, as a gem, is set;
as, the gold setting of a jeweled pin.
Setting coat (Arch.), the finishing
or last coat of plastering on walls or ceilings. --
Setting dog, a setter. See Setter,
n., 2. -- Setting pole, a pole,
often iron-pointed, used for pushing boats along in shallow
water. -- Setting rule. (Print.) A
composing rule.
Set"tle (?), n. [OE.
setel, setil, a seat, AS. setl:
akin to OHG. sezzal, G. sessel, Goth.
sitls, and E. sit. Sit.] 1. A seat of any kind.
[Obs.] \'bdUpon the settle of his
majesty\'b8
Hampole.
2. A bench; especially, a bench with a high
back.
3. A place made lower than the rest; a wide step or
platform lower than some other part.
And from the bottom upon the ground, even to the lower
settle, shall be two cubits, and the breadth one
cubit.
Ezek. xliii. 14.
Settle bed, a bed convertible into a
seat. [Eng.]
Set"tle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Settled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Settling (?).] [OE.
setlen, AS. setlan. Settle, n. In senses 7, 8, and 9 perhaps
confused with OE. sahtlen to reconcile, AS.
sahtlian, fr. saht reconciliation,
sacon to contend, dispute. Cf. Sake.]
1. To place in a fixed or permanent condition; to
make firm, steady, or stable; to establish; to fix; esp., to
establish in life; to fix in business, in a home, or the
like.
And he settled his countenance steadfastly upon
him, until he was ashamed.
2 Kings viii. 11. (Rev. Ver.)
The father thought the time drew on
Of setting in the world his only son.
Dryden.
2. To establish in the pastoral office; to ordain
or install as pastor or rector of a church, society, or parish;
as, to settle a minister. [U.
S.]
3. To cause to be no longer in a disturbed
condition; to render quiet; to still; to calm; to compose.
God settled then the huge whale-bearing lake.
Chapman.
Hoping that sleep might settle his brains.
Bunyan.
4. To clear of dregs and impurities by causing them
to sink; to render pure or clear; -- said of a liquid; as, to
settle coffee, or the grounds of coffee.
5. To restore or bring to a smooth, dry, or
passable condition; -- said of the ground, of roads, and the
like; as, clear weather settles the
roads.
6. To cause to sink; to lower; to depress; hence,
also, to render close or compact; as, to settle the
contents of a barrel or bag by shaking it.
7. To determine, as something which is exposed to
doubt or question; to free from unscertainty or wavering; to make
sure, firm, or constant; to establish; to compose; to quiet;
as, to settle the mind when agitated; to
settle questions of law; to settle the
succession to a throne; to settle an
allowance.
It will settle the wavering, and confirm the
doubtful.
Swift.
8. To adjust, as something in discussion; to make
up; to compose; to pacify; as, to settle a
quarrel.
9. To adjust, as accounts; to liquidate; to
balance; as, to settle an account.
10. Hence, to pay; as, to settle a
bill. [Colloq.]
Abbott.
11. To plant with inhabitants; to colonize; to
people; as, the French first settled Canada; the
Puritans settled New England; Plymouth was
settled in 1620.
To settle on upon,
to confer upon by permanent grant; to assure to. \'bdI . . .
have settled upon him a good annuity.\'b8
Addison. -- To settle the land
(Naut.), to cause it to sink, or appear lower, by
receding from it.
Syn. -- To fix; establish; regulate; arrange; compose;
adjust; determine; decide.
Set"tle, v. i. 1. To become
fixed or permanent; to become stationary; to establish one's self
or itself; to assume a lasting form, condition, direction, or the
like, in place of a temporary or changing state.
The wind came about and settled in the west.
Bacon.
Chyle . . . runs through all the intermediate colors until it
settles in an intense red.
Arbuthnot.
2. To fix one's residence; to establish a dwelling
place or home; as, the Saxons who settled in
Britain.
3. To enter into the married state, or the state of
a householder.
As people marry now and settle.
Prior.
4. To be established in an employment or
profession; as, to settle in the practice of
law.
5. To become firm, dry, and hard, as the ground
after the effects of rain or frost have disappeared; as, the
roads settled late in the spring.
6. To become clear after being turbid or obscure;
to clarify by depositing matter held in suspension; as, the
weather settled; wine settles by
standing.
A government, on such occasions, is always thick before it
settles.
Addison.
7. To sink to the bottom; to fall to the bottom, as
dregs of a liquid, or the sediment of a reserveir.
8. To sink gradually to a lower level; to subside,
as the foundation of a house, etc.
9. To become calm; to cease from agitation.
Till the fury of his highness settle,
Come not before him.
Shak.
10. To adjust differences or accounts; to come to
an agreement; as, he has settled with his
creditors.
11. To make a jointure for a wife.
He sighs with most success that settles well.
Garth.
Set"tled*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being settled; confirmed state.
[R.]
Bp. Hall.
Set"tle*ment (?), n. 1.
The act of setting, or the state of being settled.
Specifically: --
(a) Establishment in life, in business, condition,
etc.; ordination or installation as pastor.
Every man living has a design in his head upon wealth power,
or settlement in the world.
L'Estrange.
(b) The act of peopling, or state of being peopled;
act of planting, as a colony; colonization; occupation by
settlers; as, the settlement of a new country.
<-- p. 1319 -->
(c) The act or process of adjusting or determining;
composure of doubts or differences; pacification; liquidation of
accounts; arrangement; adjustment; as, settlement of
a controversy, of accounts, etc.
(d) Bestowal, or giving possession, under legal
sanction; the act of giving or conferring anything in a formal
and permanent manner.
My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures take,
With settlement as good as law can make.
Dryden.
(e) (Law) A disposition of property for
the benefit of some person or persons, usually through the medium
of trustees, and for the benefit of a wife, children, or other
relatives; jointure granted to a wife, or the act of granting
it.
2. That which settles, or is settled, established,
or fixed. Specifically: --
(a) Matter that subsides; settlings; sediment;
lees; dregs. [Obs.]
Fuller's earth left a thick settlement.
Mortimer.
(b) A colony newly established; a place or region
newly settled; as, settlement in the
West.
(c) That which is bestowed formally and
permanently; the sum secured to a person; especially, a jointure
made to a woman at her marriage; also, in the United States, a
sum of money or other property formerly granted to a pastor in
additional to his salary.
3. (Arch.) (a) The gradual
sinking of a building, whether by the yielding of the ground
under the foundation, or by the compression of the joints or the
material. (b) pl. Fractures or
dislocations caused by settlement.
4. (Law) A settled place of abode;
residence; a right growing out of residence; legal residence or
establishment of a person in a particular parish or town, which
entitles him to maintenance if a pauper, and subjects the parish
or town to his support.
Blackstone. Bouvier.
Act of settlement (Eng. Hist.), the
statute of 12 and 13 William III, by which the crown was limited
to the present reigning house (the house of Hanover).
Blackstone.
Set"tler (?), n. 1.
One who settles, becomes fixed, established, etc.
2. Especially, one who establishes himself in a new
region or a colony; a colonist; a planter; as, the first
settlers of New England.
3. That which settles or finishes; hence, a blow,
etc., which settles or decides a contest.
[Colloq.]
4. A vessel, as a tub, in which something, as
pulverized ore suspended in a liquid, is allowed to settle.
Set"tling (?), n. 1.
The act of one who, or that which, settles; the act of
establishing one's self, of colonizing, subsiding, adjusting,
etc.
2. pl. That which settles at the
bottom of a liquid; lees; dregs; sediment.
Milton.
Settling day, a day for settling accounts, as
in the stock market.
Set"-to` (?), n. A contest in
boxing, in an argument, or the like. [Colloq.]
Halliwell.
\'d8Set"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Setul\'91 (#). [L.
setula, saetula, dim. of seta,
saeta, bristle.] A small, short hair or
bristle; a small seta.
Set"ule (?), n. [See
Setula.] A setula.
Set"u*lose` (?), a. Having
small bristles or set\'91.
Set"wall` (?), n. [CF.
Cetewale.] (Bot.) A plant formerly
valued for its restorative qualities (Valeriana
officinalis, or V. Pyrenaica).
[Obs.] [Written also
setwal.]
Chaucer.
Sev"en (?), a. [OE.
seven, seoven, seofen, AS.
seofon, seofan, seofen; akin to
D. zeven, OS., Goth., & OHG. sibun, G.
sieben, Icel. sjau, sj\'94, Sw.
sju, Dan. syv, Lith. septyni,
Russ. seme, W. saith, Gael.
seachd, Ir. seacht, L. septem,
Gr. saptan. Hebdomad, Heptagon, September.]
One more than six; six and one added; as, seven
days make one week.
Seven sciences. See the Note under
Science, n., 4. -- Seven
stars (Astron.), the Pleiades. --
Seven wonders of the world. See under
Wonders. -- Seven-year apple
(Bot.), a rubiaceous shrub (Genipa
clusiifolia) growing in the West Indies; also, its edible
fruit. -- Seven-year vine (Bot.),
a tropical climbing plant (Ipom)
related to the morning-glory.
Sev"en, n. 1. The number
greater by one than six; seven units or objects.
Of every beast, and bird, and insect small,
Game sevens and pairs.
Milton.
2. A symbol representing seven units, as 7, or
vii.
Sev"en*fold` (?), a. Repeated
seven times; having seven thicknesses; increased to seven times
the size or amount. \'bdSevenfold rage.\'b8
Milton.
Sev"en*fold`, adv. Seven times as much
or as often.
Whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him
sevenfold.
Gen. iv. 15.
Seven"night (?), n. A week; any
period of seven consecutive days and nights. See
Sennight.
Sev"en*score` (?), n. & a.
Seven times twenty, that is, a hundred and forty.
The old Countess of Desmond . . . lived sevenscore
years.
Bacon.
Sev"en-shoot`er (?), n. A
firearm, esp. a pistol, with seven barrels or chambers for
cartridges, or one capable of firing seven shots without
reloading. [Colloq.]
Sev"en*teen` (?), a. [OE.
seventene, AS. seofont, i. e.,
seven-ten. Cf. Seventy.] One more
than sixteen; ten and seven added; as, seventeen
years.
Sev"en*teen`, n. 1. The number
greater by one than sixteen; the sum of ten and seven; seventeen
units or objects.
2. A symbol denoting seventeen units, as 17, or
xvii.
Sev"en*teenth` (?), a. [From
Seventeen: cf. AS. seofonte\'a2,
seofonteoge.] 1. Next in
order after the sixteenth; coming after sixteen others.
In . . . the seventeenth day of the month . . .
were all the fountains of the great deep broken up.
Gen. vii. 11.
2. Constituting or being one of seventeen equal
parts into which anything is divided.
Sev"en*teenth` (?), n. 1.
The next in order after the sixteenth; one coming after
sixteen others.
2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventeen; one
of seventeen equal parts or divisions of one whole.
3. (Mus.) An interval of two octaves and
a third.
Sev"enth (?), a. [From
Seven: cf. AS. seofo.]
1. Next in order after the sixth;; coming after six
others.
On the seventh day, God ended his work which he had
made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his
work which he had made.
Gen. ii. 2.
2. Constituting or being one of seven equal parts
into which anything is divided; as, the seventh
part.
Seventh day, the seventh day of the week;
Saturday. -- Seventh-day Baptists. See under
Baptist.
Sev"enth, n. 1. One next in
order after the sixth; one coming after six others.
2. The quotient of a unit divided by seven; one of
seven equal parts into which anything is divided.
3. (Mus.) (a) An interval
embracing seven diatonic degrees of the scale. (b)
A chord which includes the interval of a seventh whether
major, minor, or diminished.
Sev`en-thir"ties (?), n. pl. A
name given to three several issues of United States Treasury
notes, made during the Civil War, in denominations of $50 and
over, bearing interest at the rate of seven and three tenths
(thirty hundredths) per cent annually. Within a few years they
were all redeemed or funded.
Sev"enth*ly (?), adv. In the
seventh place.
Sev"en*ti*eth (?), a. [AS.
hund-seofontigo.] 1. Next in
order after the sixty-ninth; as, a man in the
seventieth year of his age.
2. Constituting or being one of seventy equal
parts.
Sev"en*ti*eth, n. 1. One next
in order after the sixty-ninth.
2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventy; one
of seventy equal parts or fractions.
Sev"en*ty (?), a. [AS.
hund-seofontig. See Seven, and Ten,
and cf. Seventeen, Sixty.] Seven
times ten; one more than sixty-nine.
Sev"en*ty, n.; pl. Seventies
(. 1. The sum of seven times
ten; seventy units or objects.
2. A symbol representing seventy units, as 70, or
lxx.
The Seventy, the translators of the Greek
version of the Old Testament called the Septuagint. See
Septuagint.
Sev`en*ty-four" (?), n.
(Naut.) A naval vessel carrying seventy-four
guns.
Sev"en-up`, n. The game of cards called
also all fours, and old
sledge. [U. S.]
Sev"er (?), v. t.
[imp. &. p. p. Severed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Severing.] [OF. sevrer,
severer, to separate, F. sevrer to wean,
fr. L. separare. See Separate, and cf.
Several.] 1. To separate, as one
from another; to cut off from something; to divide; to part in
any way, especially by violence, as by cutting, rending, etc.;
as, to sever the head from the body.
The angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked
from among the just.
Matt. xiii. 49.
2. To cut or break open or apart; to divide into
parts; to cut through; to disjoin; as, to sever the
arm or leg.
Our state can not be severed; we are one.
Milton.
3. To keep distinct or apart; to except; to
exempt.
I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in
which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be
there.
Ex. viii. 22.
4. (Law) To disunite; to disconnect; to
terminate; as, to sever an estate in joint
tenancy.
Blackstone.
Sev"er, v. i. 1. To suffer
disjunction; to be parted, or rent asunder; to be separated; to
part; to separate.
Shak.
2. To make a separation or distinction; to
distinguish.
The Lord shall sever between the cattle of Israel
and the cattle of Egypt.
Ex. ix. 4.
They claimed the right of severing in their
challenge.
Macaulay.
Sev"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being severed.
Encyc. Dict.
Sev"er*al (?), a. [OF., fr. LL.
separalis, fr. L. separ separate,
different. See Sever, Separate.]
1. Separate; distinct; particular; single.
Each several ship a victory did gain.
Dryden.
Each might his several province well command,
Would all but stoop to what they understand.
Pope.
2. Diverse; different; various.
Spenser.
Habits and faculties, several, and to be
distinguished.
Bacon.
Four several armies to the field are led.
Dryden.
3. Consisting of a number more than two, but not
very many; divers; sundry; as, several persons were
present when the event took place.
Sev"er*al, adv. By itself;
severally. [Obs.]
Every kind of thing is laid up several in barns or
storehoudses.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Sev"er*al, n. 1. Each
particular taken singly; an item; a detail; an individual.
[Obs.]
There was not time enough to hear . . .
The severals.
Shak.
2. Persons oe objects, more than two, but not very
many.
Several of them neither rose from any conspicuous
family, nor left any behind them.
Addison.
3. An inclosed or separate place; inclosure.
[Obs.]
They had their several for heathen nations, their
several for the people of their own nation.
Hooker.
In several, in a state of separation.
[R.] \'bdWhere pastures in several
be.\'b8
Tusser.
Sev`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Severalities (. Each
particular taken singly; distinction. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Sev"er*al*ize (?), v. t. To
distinguish. [Obs.]
Sev"er*al*ly, adv. Separately;
distinctly; apart from others; individually.
There must be an auditor to check and revise each
severally by itself.
De Quincey.
Sev"er*al*ty (?), n. A state of
separation from the rest, or from all others; a holding by
individual right.
Forests which had never been owned in
severalty.
Bancroft.
Estate in severalty (Law), an
estate which the tenant holds in his own right, without being
joined in interest with any other person; -- distinguished from
joint tenancy, coparcenary, and
common.
Blackstone.
Sev"er*ance (?), n. 1.
The act of severing, or the state of being severed;
partition; separation.
Milman.
2. (Law) The act of dividing; the
singling or severing of two or more that join, or are joined, in
one writ; the putting in several or separate pleas or answers by
two or more disjointly; the destruction of the unity of interest
in a joint estate.
Bouvier.
Se*vere" (?), a.
[Compar. Severer (?);
superl. Severest.] [L.
severus; perhaps akin to Gr. swikns innocent, chaste:
cf. F. s\'82v\'8are. Cf. Asseverate,
Persevere.] 1. Serious in feeeling
or manner; sedate; grave; austere; not light, lively, or
cheerful.
Your looks alter, as your subject does,
From kind to fierce, from wanton to severe.
Waller.
2. Very strict in judgment, discipline, or
government; harsh; not mild or indulgent; rigorous; as,
severe criticism; severe punishment.
\'bdCustody severe.\'b8
Milton.
Come! you are too severe a moraler.
Shak.
Let your zeal, if it must be expressed in anger, be always
more severe against thyself than against others.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Rigidly methodical, or adherent to rule or
principle; exactly conformed to a standard; not allowing or
employing unneccessary ornament, amplification, etc.; strict; --
said of style, argument, etc. \'bdRestrained by reason and
severe principles.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
The Latin, a most severe and compendious
language.
Dryden.
4. Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent;
extreme; as, severe pain, anguish, fortune;
severe cold.
5. Difficult to be endured; exact; critical;
rigorous; as, a severe test.
Syn. -- Strict; grave; austere; stern; morose; rigid; exact;
rigorous; hard; rough; harsh; censorious; tart; acrimonious;
sarcastic; satirical; cutting; biting; keen; bitter; cruel. See
Strict.
-- Se*vere"ly, adv. --
Se*vere"ness, n.
Se*ver"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Severities (#). [L.
severitas: cf. F. s\'82v\'82rit\'82.]
The quality or state of being severe. Specifically: --
(a) Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness;
rigor; harshness; as, the severity of a reprimand or
a reproof; severity of discipline or government;
severity of penalties. \'bdStrict age, and
sour severity.\'b8
Milton.
(b) The quality or power of distressing or paining;
extreme degree; extremity; intensity; inclemency; as, the
severity of pain or anguish; the severity of
cold or heat; the severity of the winter.
(c) Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of
punishment; as, severity practiced on prisoners of
war.
(d) Exactness; rigorousness; strictness; as,
the severity of a test.
Confining myself to the severity of truth.
Dryden.
Sev"er*y (?), n. [Prob.
corrupted fr. ciborium. Oxf.
Gloss.] (Arch.) A bay or
compartment of a vaulted ceiling. [Written also
civery.]
Sev`o*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
sevocare, sevocatum, to call aside.]
A calling aside. [Obs.]
S\'8a"vres blue` (?). A very light
blue.
S\'8a"vres ware` (?). Porcelain
manufactured at S\'8avres, France, ecpecially in the
national factory situated there.
Sew (?), n.[OE. See
Sewer household officer.] Juice; gravy; a
seasoned dish; a delicacy. [Obs.]
Gower.
I will not tell of their strange sewes.
Chaucer.
Sew, v. t. [See Sue to
follow.] To follow; to pursue; to sue.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Sew (?), v. t.
[imp. Sewed (?); p.
p. Sewed, rarely Sewn (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Sewing.]
[OE. sewen, sowen, AS.
si\'a2wian, s\'c6wian; akin to OHG.
siuwan, Icel. s, Sw. sy,
Dan. sye, Goth. siujan, Lith.
siuti, Russ, shite, L. ssuere,
Gr. siv. Seam a suture, Suture.] 1.
To unite or fasten together by stitches, as with a needle
and thread.
No man also seweth a piece of new cloth on an old
garment.
Mark ii. 21.
2. To close or stop by ssewing; -- often with
up; as, to sew up a rip.
3. To inclose by sewing; -- sometimes with
up; as, to sew money in a bag.
Sew, v. i. To practice sewing; to work
with needle and thread.
Sew (?), v. t. [b. See Sewer a drain.] To drain, as
a pond, for taking the fish. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Sew"age (?), n. 1. The
contents of a sewer or drain; refuse liquids or matter carried
off by sewers
2. Sewerage, 2.
Sewe (?), v. i. To perform the
duties of a sewer. See 3d Sewer.
[Obs.]
Sew"el (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A scarecrow, generally made of feathers
tied to a string, hung up to prevent deer from breaking into a
place.
Halliwell.
Se*wel"lel (?), n. [Of American
Indian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar
gregarious burrowing rodent (Haplodon rufus), native
of the coast region of the Northwestern United States. It
somewhat resembles a muskrat or marmot, but has only a
rudimentary tail. Its head is broad, its eyes are small and its
fur is brownish above, gray beneath. It constitutes the family
Haplodontid\'91. Called also
boomer, showt'l, and
mountain beaver.
<-- p. 1320 -->
Sew"en (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A British trout usually regarded as a variety (var.
Cambricus) of the salmon trout.
Sew"er (?), n. 1. One
who sews, or stitches.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small tortricid moth
whose larva sews together the edges of a leaf by means of silk;
as, the apple-leaf sewer (Phoxopteris
nubeculana)
Sew"er (?), n. [OF.
sewiere, seuwiere, ultimately fr. L.
ex out + a derivative of aqua water; cf.
OF. essevour a drain, essever,
esseuwer, essiaver, to cause to flow, to
drain, to flow, LL. exaquatorium a channel through
which water runs off. Cf. Ewer,
Aquarium.] A drain or passage to carry off
water and filth under ground; a subterraneous channel,
particularly in cities.
Sew"er, n. [Cf. OE. assewer,
and asseour, OF. asseour, F.
asseoir to seat, to set, L. assidere to sit
by; ad + sedere to sit (cf. Sit); or cf. OE.
sew pottage, sauce, boiled meat, AS.
se\'a0w juice, Skr. su to press out.]
Formerly, an upper servant, or household officer, who set on
and removed the dishes at a feast, and who also brought water for
the hands of the guests.
Then the sewer
Poured water from a great and golden ewer,
That from their hands to a silver caldron ran.
Chapman.
Sew"er*age (?), n. 1.
The construction of a sewer or sewers.
2. The system of sewers in a city, town, etc.; the
general drainage of a city or town by means of sewers.
3. The material collected in, and discharged by,
sewers. [In this sense sewage is
preferable and common.]
Sew"in (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Sewen.
Sew"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or occupation of one who sews.
2. That which is sewed with the needle.
Sewing horse (Harness making), a
clamp, operated by the foot, for holding pieces of leather while
being sewed. -- Sewing machine, a machine for
sewing or stitching. -- Sewing press, Sewing table (Bookbinding), a
fixture or table having a frame in which are held the cords to
which the back edges of folded sheets are sewed to form a
book.
Sew"ster (?), n. A
seamstress. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Sex- (?). [L. sex six. See
Six.] A combining form meaning
six; as, sexdigitism;
sexennial.
Sex, n. [L. sexus: cf. F.
sexe.] 1. The distinguishing
peculiarity of male or female in both animals and plants; the
physical difference between male and female; the assemblage of
properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from
female.
2. One of the two divisions of organic beings
formed on the distinction of male and female.
3. (Bot.) (a) The capability in
plants of fertilizing or of being fertilized; as, staminate
and pistillate flowers are of opposite sexes.
(b) One of the groups founded on this
distinction.
The sex, the female sex; women, in
general.
Sex`a*ge*na"ri*an (?), n. [See
Sexagenary.] A person who is sixty years
old.
Sex*ag"e*na*ry (?), a. [L.
sexagenarius, fr. sexageni sixty each, akin
to sexaginta sixty, sex six: cf.
sexag\'82naire. See Six.]
Pertaining to, or designating, the number sixty; poceeding
by sixties; sixty years old.
Sexagenary arithmetic. See under
Sexagesimal. -- Sexagenary, Sexagesimal, scale
(Math.), a scale of numbers in which the modulus
is sixty. It is used in treating the divisions of the
circle.
Sex*ag"e*na*ry, n. 1. Something
composed of sixty parts or divisions.
2. A sexagenarian.
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Sex`a*ges"i*ma (?), n. [L.,
fem. of sexagesimus sixtieth, fr. sexaginta
sixty.] (Eccl.) The second Sunday before
Lent; -- so called as being about the sixtieth day before
Easter.
Sex`a*ges"i*mal (?), a. [Cf. F.
sexag\'82simal.] Pertaining to, or founded
on, the number sixty.
Sexagesimal fractions numbers (Arith. & Alg.), those
fractions whose denominators are some power of sixty; as,
astronomical fractions, because formerly there
were no others used in astronomical calculations. --
Sexagesimal, Sexagenary,
arithmetic, the method of computing by the
sexagenary scale, or by sixties. -- Sexagesimal
scale (Math.), the sexagenary
scale.
Sex`a*ges"i*mal, n. A sexagesimal
fraction.
Sex"an`gle (?), n. [L.
sexangulus sexangular; sex six +
angulus angle: cf. F. sexangle. Cf.
Hexangular.] (Geom.) A
hexagon. [R.]
Hutton.
{ Sex"an`gled (?), Sex*an"gu*lar
(?) } a. [Cf. F.
sexangulaire.] Having six angles;
hexagonal. [R.]
Dryden.
Sex*an"gu*lar*ly, adv.
Hexagonally. [R.]
Sex*av"a*lent (?), a. See
Sexivalent. [R.]
Sex*dig"it*ism (?), n.
[Sex- + digit.] The state
of having six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.
Sex*dig"it*ist, n. One who has six
fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.
Sexed (?), a. Belonging to sex;
having sex; distinctively male of female; as, the
sexed condition.
Sex"e*na*ry (?), a. Proceeding
by sixes; sextuple; -- applied especially to a system of
arithmetical computation in which the base is six.
Sex*en"ni*al (?), a. [L.
sexennium a period of six years, sexennis
of six years; sex six + annus a year. See
Six, and Annual.] Lasting six years,
or happening once in six years. -- n.
A sexennial event.
Sex*en"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in six
years.
{ Sex"fid (?), Sex"i*fid
(?), } a. [Sex- + root
of L. findere to split: cf. F.
sexfide.] (Bot.) Six-cleft;
as, a sexfid calyx or nectary.
Sex`i*syl*lab"ic (?), a.
[Sex- + syllabic.] Having
six syllables.
Emerson.
Sex"i*syl`la*ble (?), n.
[Sex- + syllable.] A word
of six syllables.
Sex*iv"a*lent (?), a.
[Sex- + L. valens, p. pr. See
Valence.] (hem.) Hexavalent.
[R.]
Sex"less (?), a. Having no
sex.
Sex`loc"u*lar (?), a.
[Sex- + locular: cf. F.
sexloculaire.] (Bot.) Having six
cells for seeds; six-celled; as, a sexlocular
pericarp.
Sex"ly (?), a. Pertaining to
sex. [R.]
Should I ascribe any of these things unto myself or my
sexly weakness, I were not worthy to live.
Queen Elizabeth.
Sex*ra"di*ate (?), a.
[Sex- + radiate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having six rays; -- said of certain
sponge spicules. See Illust. of
Spicule.
Sext (?), n. [L.
sexta, fem. of sextus sixtt, fr.
sex six: cf. F. sexte.]
(R.C.Ch.) (a) The office for the sixth
canonical hour, being a part of the Breviary. (b)
The sixth book of the decretals, added by Pope Boniface
VIII.
Sex"tain, n. [L. sextus
sixth, fr. sex six: cf. It. sestina.]
(Pros.) A stanza of six lines; a sestine.
\'d8Sex"tans (?), n. [L. See
Sextant.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.)
A Roman coin, the sixth part of an as.
2. (Astron.) A constellation on the
equator south of Leo; the Sextant.
Sex"tant (?), n. [L.
sextans, -antis, the sixth part of an as,
fr. sextus sixth, sex six. See
Six.] 1. (Math.) The
sixth part of a circle.
2. An instrument for measuring angular distances
between objects, -- used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the
latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same optical
principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of metal, with a
nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its arc the sixth, and
sometimes the third, part of a circle. See
Quadrant.
3. (Astron.) The constellation
Sextans.
Box sextant, a small sextant inclosed in a
cylindrical case to make it more portable.
Sex"ta*ry (?), n.; pl.
Sextaries (#). [L.
sextarius the sixth part of a measure, weight, etc.,
fr. sextus sixth, sex six.]
(Rom. Antiq.) An ancient Roman liquid and dry
measure, about equal to an English pint.
Sex"ta*ry (?), n. [For
sextonry.] A sacristy.
[Obs.]
{ Sex*tet" (?), Sex*tet"to
(?), } n. (Mus.) See
Sestet.
Sex"teyn (?), n. A
sacristan. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sex"tic (?), a. [L.
sextus sixth.] (Math.) Of the
sixth degree or order. -- n.
(Alg.) A quantic of the sixth
degree.
Sex"tile (?), a. [F.
sextil, fr. L. sextus the sixth, from
sex six. See Six.] (Astrol.)
Measured by sixty degrees; fixed or indicated by a distance
of sixty degrees.
Glanvill.
Sex"tile, n. [Cf. F. aspect
sextil.] (Astrol.) The aspect or
position of two planets when distant from each other sixty
degrees, or two signs. This position is marked thus:
<8star/.
Hutton.
Sex*til"lion (?), n. [Formed
(in imitation of million) fr. L. sextus
sixth, sex six: cf. F. sextilion.]
According to the method of numeration (which is followed
also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with
twenty-one ciphers annexed. According to the English method, a
million raised to the sixth power, or the number expressed by a
unit with thirty-six ciphers annexed. See
Numeration.
Sex"to (?), n.; pl.
Sextos (#). [L. sextus
sixth.] A book consisting of sheets each of which is
folded into six leaves.
Sex`to*dec"i*mo (?), a. [L.
sextus-decimus the sixteenth; sextus the
sixth (fr. sex six) + decimus the tenth,
from decem ten. See -mo.] Having
sixteen leaves to a sheet; of, or equal to, the size of one fold
of a sheet of printing paper when folded so as to make sixteen
leaves, or thirty-two pages; as, a sextodecimo
volume.
Sex`to*dec"imo, n.; pl.
Sextodecimos (. A book
composed of sheets each of which is folded into sixteen leaves;
hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; --
usually written 16mo, or 16
Sex"to*let (?), n. (Mus.)
A double triplet; a group of six equal notes played in the
time of four.
Sex"ton (?), n. [OE.
sextein, contr. fr. sacristan.]
An under officer of a church, whose business is to take care
of the church building and the vessels, vestments, etc.,
belonging to the church, to attend on the officiating clergyman,
and to perform other duties pertaining to the church, such as to
dig graves, ring the bell, etc.
Sexton beetle (Zo\'94l.), a burying
beetle.
Sex"ton*ess, n. A female sexton; a
sexton's wife.
Sex"ton*ry (?), n.
Sextonship. [Obs.]
Ld. Bernes.
Sex"ton*ship, n. The office of a
sexton.
Swift.
Sex"try (?), n. See
Sacristy. [Obs.]
Sex"tu*ple (?), a. [Formed (in
imitation of quadruple) fr. L. sextus
sixth: cf. F. sextuple.] 1. Six
times as much; sixfold.
2. (Mus.) Divisible by six; having six
beats; as, sixtuple measure.
Sex"u*al (?), a. [L.
sexualis, fr. sexus sex: cf. F.
sexuel.] Of or pertaining to sex, or the
sexes; distinguishing sex; peculiar to the distinction and office
of male or female; relating to the distinctive genital organs of
the sexes; proceeding from, or based upon, sex; as,
sexual characteristics; sexual intercourse,
connection, or commerce; sexual desire; sexual
diseases; sexual generation.
Sexual dimorphism (Biol.), the
condition of having one of the sexes existing in two forms, or
varieties, differing in color, size, etc., as in many species of
butterflies which have two kinds of females. -- Sexual
method (Bot.), a method of classification
proposed by Linn\'91us, founded mainly on difference in number
and position of the stamens and pistils of plants. --
Sexual selection (Biol.), the selective
preference of one sex for certain characteristics in the other,
such as bright colors, musical notes, etc.; also, the selection
which results from certain individuals of one sex having more
opportunities of pairing with the other sex, on account of
greater activity, strength, courage, etc.; applied likewise to
that kind of evolution which results from such sexual
preferences. Darwin.
In these cases, therefore, natural selection seems to have
acted independently of sexual selection.
A. R. Wallace.
Sex"u*al*ist, n. (Bot.) One
who classifies plants by the sexual method of Linn\'91us.
Sex`u*al"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being distinguished by sex.
Lindley.
Sex"u*al*ize (?), v. t. To
attribute sex to.
Sex"u*al*ly, adv. In a sexual manner or
relation.
{ Sey (?), Seyh (?)
}, obs. imp. sing. & 2d pers. pl. of
See.
Chaucer.
{ Seye (?), Seyen (?)
}, obs. imp. pl. & p. p. of
See.
Seynd (?), obs. p. p. of
Senge, to singe.
Chaucer.
Seynt (?), n. A gridle. See 1st
Seint. [Obs.]
{ \'d8Sfor*zan"do (?),
\'d8Sfor*za"to (?), } a.
[It. sforzando, p. pr., and sforzato,
p. p. of sforzare to force.] (Mus.)
Forcing or forced; -- a direction placed over a note, to
signify that it must be executed with peculiar emphasis and
force; -- marked fz (an abbreviation of
forzando), sf, sfz, or
\'d8Sfu*ma"to (?), a.
[It.] (Paint.) Having vague outlines,
and colors and shades so mingled as to give a misty appearance;
-- said of a painting.
\'d8Sgraf*fi"to (?), a.
[It.] (Paint.) Scratched; -- said of
decorative painting of a certain style, in which a white overland
surface is cut or scratched through, so as to form the design
from a dark ground underneath.
Shab (?), n. [OE.
shabbe, AS. sc. See
Scab.] The itch in animals; also, a
scab. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shab, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shabbed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shabbing.] [See Scab,
3.] To play mean tricks; to act shabbily.
[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
Shab, v. t. To scratch; to rub.
[Obs.]
Farquhar.
Shab"bed (?), a. Shabby.
[Obs.]
Wood.
Shab"bi*ly (?), adv. In a
shabby manner.
Shab"bi*ness, n. The quality or state of
being sghabby.
{ Shab"ble (?), Shab"ble
}, n.[Cf. D. sabel, and G.
s\'84bel.] A kind of crooked sword or
hanger. [Scot.]
Shab"by (?), a.
[Compar. Shabbier (?);
superl. Shabbiest.] [See
Shab, n., Scabby, and
Scab.] 1. Torn or worn to rage;
poor; mean; ragged.
Wearing shabby coats and dirty shirts.
Macaulay.
2. Clothed with ragged, much worn, or soiled
garments. \'bdThe dean was so shabby.\'b8
Swift.
3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as,
shabby treatment. \'bdVery shabby
fellows.\'b8
Clarendon.
\'d8Shab"rack (?), n. [Turk.
tsh\'bepr\'bek, whence F. chabraque, G.
shabracke.] (Mil.) The
saddlecloth or housing of a cavalry horse.
Shack (?), v. t. [Prov. E., to
shake, to shed. See Shake.] 1. To
shed or fall, as corn or grain at harvest. [Prov.
Eng.]
Grose.
2. To feed in stubble, or upon waste corn.
[Prov. Eng.]
3. To wander as a vagabond or a tramp.
[Prev.Eng.]
Shack, n. [Cf. Scot. shag
refuse of barley or oats.] 1. The grain left
after harvest or gleaning; also, nuts which have fallen to the
ground. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Liberty of winter pasturage. [Prov.
Eng.]
3. A shiftless fellow; a low, itinerant beggar; a
vagabond; a tramp. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Forby.
All the poor old shacks about the town found a
friend in Deacon Marble.
H. W. Beecher.
Common of shack (Eng.Law), the
right of persons occupying lands lying together in the same
common field to turn out their cattle to range in it after
harvest.
Cowell.
Shack"a*to*ry (?), n. A
hound. [Obs.]
Shac"kle (?), n. Stubble.
[Prov. Eng.]
Pegge.
Shac"kle, n. [Generally used in the
plural.] [OE. schakkyll,
schakle, AS. scacul, sceacul, a
shackle, fr. scacan to shake; cf. D.
schakel a link of a chain, a mesh, Icel.
sk\'94kull the pole of a cart. See
Shake.] 1. Something which confines
the legs or arms so as to prevent their free motion;
specifically, a ring or band inclosing the ankle or wrist, and
fastened to a similar shackle on the other leg or arm, or to
something else, by a chain or a strap; a gyve; a fetter.
His shackles empty left; himself escaped clean.
Spenser.
2. Hence, that which checks or prevents free
action.
His very will seems to be in bonds and
shackles.
South.
3. A fetterlike band worn as an ornament.
Most of the men and women . . . had all earrings made of gold,
and gold shackles about their legs and arms.
Dampier.
4. A link or loop, as in a chain, fitted with a
movable bolt, so that the parts can be separated, or the loop
removed; a clevis.
5. A link for connecting railroad cars; -- called
also drawlink, draglink,
etc.
6. The hinged and curved bar of a padlock, by which
it is hung to the staple.
Knight.
Shackle joint (Anat.), a joint
formed by a bony ring passing through a hole in a bone, as at the
bases of spines in some fishes.
<-- p. 1321 -->
Shac"kle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shackled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shackling.] 1. To tie or
confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion; to bind with
shackles; to fetter; to chain.
To lead him shackled, and exposed to scorn
Of gathering crowds, the Britons' boasted chief.
J. Philips.
2. Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to
prevent or embarrass action; to impede; to cumber.
Shackled by her devotion to the king, she seldom
could pursue that object.
Walpole.
3. To join by a link or chain, as railroad
cars. [U. S.]
Shackle bar, the coupling between a locomotive
and its tender. [U.S.] -- Shackle
bolt, a shackle.
Sir W. Scott.
Shack"lock` (?), n. A sort of
shackle. [Obs.]
Shack"ly, a. Shaky; rickety.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Shad (?), n. sing. & pl. [AS.
sceadda a kind of fish, akin to Prov. G.
schade; cf. Ir. & Gael. sgadan a herring,
W. ysgadan herrings; all perhaps akin to E.
skate a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The
American species (Clupea sapidissima), which is
abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in
spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice
shad, or alose (C. alosa), and the twaite shad.
(C. finta), are less important species.
[Written also chad.]
Gizzard), called
also mud shad, white-eyed
shad, and winter shad.
Hardboaded, Yellow-tailed,
shad, the menhaden. --
Hickory, Tailor,
shad, the mattowacca. --
Long-boned shad, one of several species of
important food fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the
genus Gerres. -- Shad bush
(Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs
or small trees of the rosaceous genus Amelanchier
(A. Canadensis, and A. alnifolia) Their
white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when the shad
appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July,
whence they are called Juneberries. The plant is also
called service tree, and
Juneberry. -- Shad frog,
an American spotted frog (Rana halecina); -- so
called because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin
to run in the rivers. -- Trout shad, the
squeteague. -- White shad,the common
shad.
Shad"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The American, or
Wilson's, snipe. See under Snipe. So called because it
appears at the same time as the shad. (b) The
common European sandpiper. [Prov. Eng.]
Shadd (?), n. (Mining.)
Rounded stones containing tin ore, lying at the surface of
the ground, and indicating a vein.
Raymond.
Shad"de (?), obs. imp. of
Shed.
Chaucer.
Shad"dock (?), n. [Said to be
so called from a Captain Shaddock, who first brought
this fruit from the East Indies.] (Bot.) A
tree (Citrus decumana) and its fruit, which is a large
species of orange; -- called also forbidden
fruit, and pompelmous.
Shade (?), n. [OE.
shade, shadewe, schadewe, AS.
sceadu, scead; akin to OS.
skado, D. schaduw, OHG. scato,
(gen. scatewes), G. schatten, Goth.
skadus, Ir. & Gael. sgath, and probably to
Gr. Shadow,
Shed a hat.] 1. Comparative
obscurity owing to interception or interruption of the rays of
light; partial darkness caused by the intervention of something
between the space contemplated and the source of light.
Shade differs from shadow as
it implies no particular form or definite limit; whereas a
shadow represents in form the object which intercepts
the light. When we speak of the shade of a tree, we
have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a
pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have
reference to its form and extent.
2. Darkness; obscurity; -- often in the
plural.
The shades of night were falling fast.
Longfellow.
3. An obscure place; a spot not exposed to light;
hence, a secluded retreat.
Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there
Weep our sad bosoms empty.
Shak.
4. That which intercepts, or shelters from, light
or the direct rays of the sun; hence, also, that which protects
from heat or currents of air; a screen; protection; shelter;
cover; as, a lamp shade.
The Lord is thy shade upon thy right hand.
Ps. cxxi. 5.
Sleep under a fresh tree's shade.
Shak.
Let the arched knife well sharpened now assail the spreading
shades of vegetables.
J. Philips.
5. Shadow. [Poetic.]
Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue.
Pope.
6. The soul after its separation from the body; --
so called because the ancients it to be perceptible to the sight,
though not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; as, the
shades of departed heroes.
Swift as thought the flitting shade
Thro' air his momentary journey made.
Dryden.
7. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) The darker
portion of a picture; a less illuminated part. See Def. 1,
above.
8. Degree or variation of color, as darker or
lighter, stronger or paler; as, a delicate shade of
pink.
White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or
shades and mixtures, as green only in by the eyes.
Locke.
9. A minute difference or variation, as of thought,
belief, expression, etc.; also, the quality or degree of anything
which is distinguished from others similar by slight differences;
as, the shades of meaning in synonyms.
New shades and combinations of thought.
De Quincey.
Every shade of religious and political opinion has
its own headquarters.
Macaulay.
The Shades, the Nether World; the supposed
abode of souls after leaving the body.
Shade (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shaded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Shading.] 1. To
shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to keep off
illumination from.
Milton.
I went to crop the sylvan scenes,
And shade our altars with their leafy greens.
Dryden.
2. To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to
screen; to hide; as, to shade one's eyes.
Ere in our own house I do shade my head.
Shak.
3. To obscure; to dim the brightness of.
Thou shad'st
The full blaze of thy beams.
Milton.
4. To pain in obscure colors; to darken.
5. To mark with gradations of light or color.
6. To present a shadow or image of; to shadow
forth; to represent. [Obs.]
[The goddess] in her person cunningly did shade
That part of Justice which is Equity.
Spenser.
Shade"ful (?), a. Full of
shade; shady.
Shade"less, a. Being without shade; not
shaded.
Shad"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, shades.
Shad"i*ly (?), adv. In a shady
manner.
Shad"i*ness, n. Quality or state of being
shady.
Shad"ing, n. 1. Act or process
of making a shade.
2. That filling up which represents the effect of
more or less darkness, expressing rotundity, projection, etc., in
a picture or a drawing.
\'d8Sha*doof" (?), n. [Ar.
sh\'bed.] A machine, resembling a well
sweep, used in Egypt for raising water from the Nile for
irrigation.
Shad"ow (?), n. [Originally the
same word as shade. Shade.] 1. Shade within defined
limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a surface,
and representing the form of the body which intercepts the rays
of light; as, the shadow of a man, of a tree, or of
a tower. See the Note under Shade, n.,
1.
2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.
Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise.
Denham.
3. A shaded place; shelter; protection;
security.
In secret shadow from the sunny ray,
On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid.
Spenser.
4. A reflected image, as in a mirror or in
water.
Shak.
5. That which follows or attends a person or thing
like a shadow; an inseparable companion; hence, an obsequious
follower.
Sin and her shadow Death.
Milton.
6. A spirit; a ghost; a shade; a phantom.
\'bdHence, horrible shadow!\'b8
Shak.
7. An imperfect and faint representation;
adumbration; indistinct image; dim bodying forth; hence, mystical
reprresentation; type.
The law having a shadow of good things to come.
Heb. x. 1.
[Types] and shadows of that destined seed.
Milton.
8. A small degree; a shade. \'bdNo
variableness, neither shadow of turning.\'b8
James i. 17.
9. An uninvited guest coming with one who is
invited. [A Latinism]
Nares.
I must not have my board pastered with shadows
That under other men's protection break in
Without invitement.
Massinger.
Shadow of death, darkness or gloom like that
caused by the presence or the impending of death.
Ps. xxiii. 4.
Shad"ow, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shadowed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shadowing.] [OE.
shadowen, AS. sceadwian. See adow,
n.] 1. To cut off light from; to
put in shade; to shade; to throw a shadow upon; to overspead with
obscurity.
The warlike elf much wondered at this tree,
So fair and great, that shadowed all the ground.
Spenser.
2. To conceal; to hide; to screen.
[R.]
Let every soldier hew him down a bough.
And bear't before him; thereby shall we shadow
The numbers of our host.
Shak.
3. To protect; to shelter from danger; to
shroud.
Shadoving their right under your wings of war.
Shak.
4. To mark with gradations of light or color; to
shade.
5. To represent faintly or imperfectly; to
adumbrate; hence, to represent typically.
Augustus is shadowed in the person of
Dryden.
6. To cloud; to darken; to cast a gloom over.
The shadowed livery of the burnished sun.
Shak.
Why sad?
I must not see the face O love thus shadowed.
Beau & Fl.
7. To attend as closely as a shadow; to follow and
watch closely, especially in a secret or unobserved manner;
as, a detective shadows a criminal.
Shad"ow*i*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being shadowy.
Shad"ow*ing, n. 1. Shade, or
gradation of light and color; shading.
Feltham.
2. A faint representation; an adumbration.
There are . . . in savage theology shadowings,
quaint or majestic, of the conception of a Supreme Deity.
Tylor.
Shad"ow*ish, a. Shadowy; vague.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
Shad"ow*less, a. Having no shadow.
Shad"ow*y (?), a. 1.
Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow.
\'bdShadowy verdure.\'b8
Fenton.
This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods.
Shak.
2. Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim. \'bdThe
shadowy past.\'b8
Longfellow.
3. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.
The moon . . . with more pleasing light,
Shadowy sets off the face things.
Milton.
4. Faintly representative; hence, typical.
From sshadowy types to truth, from flesh to
spirit.
Milton.
5. Unsubstantial; unreal; as, shadowy
honor.
Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a
shadowy
and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death.
Addison.
Sha"drach (?), n.
(Metal.) A mass of iron on which the operation of
smelting has failed of its intended effect; -- so called from
Shadrach, one of the three Hebrews who came forth
unharmed from the fiery furnace of Nebuchadnezzar. (See Dan.
iii. 26, 27.)
Shad"-spir`it (?), n. See
Shadbird (a)
Shad"-wait`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A lake whitefish; the roundfish. See
Roundfish.
Shad"y (?), a.
[Compar. Shadier (?);
superl. Shadiest.] 1.
Abounding in shade or shades; overspread with shade; causing
shade.
The shady trees cover him with their shadow.
Job. xl. 22.
And Amaryllis fills the shady groves.
Dryden.
2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry
heat.
Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for
summer and warm for winter.
Bacon.
3. Of or pertaining to shade or darkness; hence,
unfit to be seen or known; equivocal; dubious or corrupt.
[Colloq.] \'bdA shady business.\'b8
London Sat. Rev.
Shady characters, disreputable, criminal.
London Spectator.
On the shady side of, on the thither side of;
as, on the shady side of fifty; that is, more than
fifty. [Colloq.] -- To keep shady,
to stay in concealment; also, to be reticent.
[Slang]
Shaf"fle (?), v. i. [See
Shuffle.] To hobble or limp; to
shuffle. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
Shaf"fler (?), n. A hobbler;
one who limps; a shuffer. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
Sha"fi*ite (?), n. A member of
one of the four sects of the Sunnites, or Orthodox Mohammedans;
-- so called from its founder, Mohammed
al-Shafe\'8b.
Shaft (?), n. [OE.
shaft, schaft, AS. sceaft; akin
to D. schacht, OHG. scaft, G.
schaft, Dan. & Sw. skaft handle, haft,
Icel. skapt, and probably to L. scapus, Gr.
Scape, Scepter,
Shave.] 1. The slender, smooth stem
of an arrow; hence, an arrow.
His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft,
That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft.
Chaucer.
A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele
[stale], the feathers, and the head.
Ascham.
2. The long handle of a spear or similar weapon;
hence, the weapon itself; (Fig.) anything regarded
as a shaft to be thrown or darted; as, shafts of
light.
And the thunder,
Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage,
Perhaps hath spent his shafts.
Milton.
Some kinds of literary pursuits . . . have been attacked with
all the shafts of ridicule.
V. Knox.
3. That which resembles in some degree the stem or
handle of an arrow or a spear; a long, slender part, especially
when cylindrical. Specifically: (a) (Bot.)
The trunk, stem, or stalk of a plant. (b)
(Zo\'94l.) The stem or midrib of a feather.
See Illust. of Feather. (c) The
pole, or tongue, of a vehicle; also, a thill. (d)
The part of a candlestick which supports its branches.
Thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold . . . his
shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his
flowers, shall be of the same.
Ex. xxv. 31.
(e) The handle or helve of certain tools,
instruments, etc., as a hammer, a whip, etc. (f)
A pole, especially a Maypole. [Obs.]
Stow. (g) (Arch.) The body of a
column; the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base (see
Illust. of Column). Also, the part of a
chimney above the roof. Also, the spire of a steeple.
[Obs. or R.] Gwilt. (h) A
column, an obelisk, or other spire-shaped or columnar
monument.
Bid time and nature gently spare
The shaft we raise to thee.
Emerson.
(i) (Weaving) A rod at the end of a
heddle. (j) (Mach.) A solid or
hollow cylinder or bar, having one or more journals on which it
rests and revolves, and intended to carry one or more wheels or
other revolving parts and to transmit power or motion; as,
the shaft of a steam engine. See
Illust. of Countershaft.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A humming bird
(Thaumastura cora) having two of the tail feathers
next to the middle ones very long in the male; -- called also
cora humming bird.
5. [Cf. G. schacht.]
(Mining) A well-like excavation in the earth,
perpendicular or nearly so, made for reaching and raising ore,
for raising water, etc.
6. A long passage for the admission or outlet of
air; an air shaft.
7. The chamber of a blast furnace.
Line shaft (Mach.), a main shaft of
considerable length, in a shop or factory, usually bearing a
number of pulleys by which machines are driven, commonly by means
of countershafts; -- called also line, or
main line. -- Shaft alley
(Naut.), a passage extending from the engine room
to the stern, and containing the propeller shaft. --
Shaft furnace (Metal.), a furnace, in
the form of a chimney, which is charged at the top and tapped at
the bottom.
Shaft"ed, a. 1. Furnished with
a shaft, or with shafts; as, a shafted
arch.
2. (Her.) Having a shaft; -- applied to
a spear when the head and the shaft are of different
tinctures.
Shaft"ing, n. (Mach.) Shafts,
collectivelly; a system of connected shafts for communicating
motion.
{ Shaft"man (?), Shaft"ment
(?), } n. [AS.
sceaftmund.] A measure of about six
inches. [Obs.]
<-- p. 1322 -->
Shag (?), n. [AS.
sceacga a bush of hair; akin to Icel. skegg
the beard, Sw. sk\'84gg, Dan. skj. Cf.
Schock of hair.] 1. Coarse hair or
nap; rough, woolly hair.
True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn.
Gay.
2. A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap.
3. (Com.) A kind of prepared tobacco cut
fine.
4. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
cormorant.
Shag, a. Hairy; shaggy.
Shak.
Shag, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shagged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shagging.] To make hairy or
shaggy; hence, to make rough.
Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal
skies.
J. Barlow.
<-- (Sport) To chase, as (a) to chase and return balls hit out
of bounds. (b) (Baseball) to catch fly balls for practise. -->
Shag"bark` (?), n. (Bot.)
A rough-barked species of hickory (Carya alba),
its nut. Called also shellbark. See
Hickory. (b) The West Indian
Pithecolobium micradenium, a legiminous tree with a
red coiled-up pod.
Shage"bush` (?), n. A
sackbut. [Obs.]
Shag"ged (?), a. Shaggy;
rough. Milton. --
Shag"ged*ness, n. Dr. H.
More.
Shag"gi*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being shaggy; roughness; shaggedness.
Shag"gy (?), a.
[Compar. Shaggier (?);
superl. Shaggiest.] [From
Shag, n.] Rough with long hair or
wool.
About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin.
Dryden.
2. Rough; rugged; jaggy.
Milton.
[A rill] that winds unseen beneath the shaggy
fell.
Keble.
Shag"-haired` (?), a. Having
shaggy hair.
Shak.
Shag"-rag` (?), n. The unkempt
and ragged part of the community. [Colloq. or
Slang.]
R. Browning.
Sha*green" (?), v. t. To
chagrin. [Obs.]
Sha*green", n. [F. chagrin,
It. zigrino, fr. Turk. saghri the back of a
horse or other beast of burden, shagreen. Cf.
Chagrin.] 1. A kind of untanned
leather prepared in Russia and the East, from the skins of
horses, asses, and camels, and grained so as to be covered with
small round granulations. This characteristic surface is produced
by pressing small seeds into the grain or hair side when moist,
and afterward, when dry, scraping off the roughness left between
them, and then, by soaking, causing the portions of the skin
which had been compressed or indented by the seeds to swell up
into relief. It is used for covering small cases and boxes.
2. The skin of various small sharks and other
fishes when having small, rough, bony scales. The dogfishes of
the genus Scyllium furnish a large part of that used
in the arts.
{ Sha*green" (?), Sha*greened"
(?) } a. 1. Made or
covered with the leather called shagreen. \'bdA
shagreen case of lancets.\'b8
T. Hook.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Covered with rough scales
or points like those on shagreen.
Shah (?), n. [Per.
sh\'beh a king, sovereign, prince. Cf.
Checkmate, Chess, Pasha.]
The title of the supreme ruler in certain Eastern countries,
especially Persia. [Written also
schah.]
Shah Nameh. [Per., Book of Kings.]
A celebrated historical poem written by Firdousi, being the
most ancient in the modern Persian language.
Brande & C.
\'d8Sha*hin" (?), n. [Ar.
sh\'beh\'c6n.] (Zo\'94l.) A
large and swift Asiatic falcon (Falco pregrinator)
highly valued in falconry.
Shaik (?), n. See
Sheik.
Shail (?), v. i. [Cf. AS.
sceolh squinting, Icel. skj\'begr wry,
oblique, Dan. skele to squint.] To walk
sidewise. [Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Shake (?), obs. p. p. of
Shake.
Chaucer.
Shake, v. t. [imp.
Shook (?); p. p. Shaken
(?), (Shook, obs.); p. pr. &
vb. n. Shaking.] [OE.
shaken, schaken, AS. scacan,
sceacan; akin to Icel. & Sw. skaka, OS.
skakan, to depart, to flee. Shock, v.] 1. To cause to
move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way
and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate.
As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is
shaken of a mighty wind.
Rev. vi. 13.
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels
That shake heaven's basis.
Milton.
2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the
stability of; to cause to waver; to impair the resolution
of.
When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by
his enemies, they persecuted his reputation.
Atterbury.
Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love
Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced.
Milton.
3. (Mus.) To give a tremulous tone to;
to trill; as, to shake a note in music.
4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by
a jolting or vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; -- generally
with an adverb, as off, out, etc.; as,
to shake fruit down from a tree.
Shake off the golden slumber of repose.
Shak.
'Tis our fast intent
To shake all cares and business from our age.
Shak.
I could scarcely shake him out of my company.
Bunyan.
To shake a cask (Naut.), to knock a
cask to pieces and pack the staves. -- To shake
hands, to perform the customary act of civility by
clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting,
farewell, good will, agreement, etc. -- To shake out a
reef (Naut.), to untile the reef points and
spread more canvas. -- To shake the bells.
See under Bell. -- To shake the
sails (Naut.), to luff up in the wind,
causing the sails to shiver. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Shake, v. i. To be agitated with a
waving or vibratory motion; to tremble; to shiver; to quake; to
totter.
Under his burning wheels
The steadfast empyrean shook throughout,
All but the throne itself of God.
Milton.
What danger? Who 's that that shakes behind
there?
Beau & FL.
Shaking piece, a name given by butchers to the
piece of beef cut from the under side of the neck. See
Illust. of Beef.
Shake (?), n. 1. The
act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a
rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or
shivering; agitation.
The great soldier's honor was composed
Of thicker stuff, which could endure a shake.
Herbert.
Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of
many kind shakes of the hand.
Addison.
2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its
being dried too suddenly.
Gwilt.
3. A fissure in rock or earth.
4. (Mus.) A rapid alternation of a
principal tone with another represented on the next degree of the
staff above or below it; a trill.
5. (Naut.) One of the staves of a
hogshead or barrel taken apart.
Totten.
6. A shook of staves and headings.
Knight.
7. (Zo\'94l.) The redshank; -- so called
from the nodding of its head while on the ground.
[Prov. Eng.]
No great shakes, of no great importance.
[Slang] Byron. -- The
shakes, the fever and ague. [Colloq.
U.S.]
Shake"down` (?), n. A temporary
substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or on chairs; --
perhaps originally from the shaking down of straw for this
purpose.
Sir W. Scott.
<-- shake down, v. t. subject to extortion. -->
Shake"fork` (?), n. A fork for
shaking hay; a pitchfork. [Obs.]
Shak"en (?), a. 1.
Caused to shake; agitated; as, a shaken
bough.
2. Cracked or checked; split. See Shake,
n., 2.
Nor is the wood shaken or twisted.
Barroe.
3. Impaired, as by a shock.
Shak"er (?), n. 1. A
person or thing that shakes, or by means of which something is
shaken.
2. One of a religious sect who do not marry,
popularly so called from the movements of the members in dancing,
which forms a part of their worship.
Shaking
Quakers, but they differ from the Quakers in doctrine and
practice. They style themselves the \'bdUnited Society of
Believers in Christ's Second Appearing.\'b8 The sect is now
confined in the United States.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of pigeon.
P. J. Selby.
Shak"er*ess, n. A female Shaker.
Shak"er*ism (?), n. Doctrines
of the Shakers.
Shake*spear"e*an (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or in the style of, Shakespeare or his
works. [Written also Shakespearian,
Shakspearean, Shakspearian,
Shaksperean, Shaksperian.etc.]
Shak"i*ness (?), n. Quality of
being shaky.
Shak"ings (?), n. pl.
(Naut.) Deck sweepings, refuse of cordage,
canvas, etc.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Shak"o (?), n. [Hung.
cs\'a0k\'a2: cf. F. shako,
schako.] A kind of military cap or
headress.
Shak"y (?), a.
[Compar. Shakier (?);
superl. Shakiest.] 1.
Shaking or trembling; as, a shaky spot in a
marsh; a shaky hand.
Thackeray.
2. Full of shakes or cracks; cracked; as,
shaky timber.
Gwilt.
3. Easily shaken; tottering; unsound; as, a
shaky constitution; shaky business
credit. [Colloq.]
Shale (?), n. [AS.
scealy, scalu. See Scalme, and cf.
Shell.] 1. A shell or husk; a cod or
pod. \'bdThe green shales of a bean.\'b8
Chapman.
2. [G. shale.] (Geol.)
A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and
often friable, structure.
Bituminous shale. See under
Bituminous.
Shale, v. t. To take off the shell or
coat of; to shell.
Life, in its upper grades, was bursting its shell, or was
shaling off its husk.
I. Taylor.
Shall (?), v. i. & auxiliary.
[imp. Should
(?).] [OE. shal,
schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS.
scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp.
scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan;
akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp.
skolda, D. zullen, pres. zal,
imp. zoude, zou, OHG.
solan, scolan, pres.
scal, sol. imp.
scolta, solta, G.
sollen, pres. soll, imp. sollte,
Icel. skulu, pres. skal, imp. skyldi, SW.
skola, pres. skall, imp. skulle, Dan.
skulle, pres. skal, imp. skulde,
Goth. skulan, pres. skal, imp.
skulda, and to AS. scyld guilt, G.
schuld guilt, fault, debt, and perhaps to L.
scelus crime.] [Shall is
defective, having no infinitive, imperative, or
participle.] 1. To owe; to be under
obligation for. [Obs.] \'bdBy the faith I
shall to God\'b8
Court of Love.
2. To be obliged; must. [Obs.]
\'bdMe athinketh [I am sorry] that I shall rehearse it
her.\'b8
Chaucer.
3. As an auxiliary, shall indicates a
duty or necessity whose obligation is derived from the person
speaking; as, you shall go; he shall go;
that is, I order or promise your going. It thus ordinarily
expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a threat,
or a promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is made
more imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It
is also employed in the language of prophecy; as, \'bdthe day
shall come when . . . , \'b8 since a promise or
threat and an authoritative prophecy nearly coincide in
significance. In shall with the first person, the
necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing
elsewhere than in the speaker; as, I shall suffer;
we shall see; and there is always a less distinct and
positive assertion of his volition than is indicated by
will. \'bdI shall go\'b8 implies nearly a
simple futurity; more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of
my going, in which, naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or
intention may be included; emphasize the shall, and
the event is described as certain to occur, and the expression
approximates in meaning to our emphatic \'bdI will
go.\'b8 In a question, the relation of speaker and source of
obligation is of course transferred to the person addressed; as,
\'bdShall you go?\'b8 (answer, \'bdI shall
go\'b8); \'bdShall he go?\'b8 i. e., \'bdDo
you require or promise his going?\'b8 (answer, \'bdHe
shall go\'b8.) The same relation is transferred to
either second or third person in such phrases as \'bdYou say, or
think, you shall go;\'b8 \'bdHe says, or thinks, he
shall go.\'b8 After a conditional conjunction (as
if, whether) shall is used in all persons
to express futurity simply; as, if I, you, or he
shall say they are right. Should is
everywhere used in the same connection and the same senses as
shall, as its imperfect. It also expresses duty or
moral obligation; as, he should do it whether he
will or not. In the early English, and hence in our English
Bible, shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the
persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. Will, v.
t.) Shall may be used elliptically; thus, with an
adverb or other word expressive of motion go may be
omitted. \'bdHe to England shall along with
you.\'b8
Shak.
Shall and will are often
confounded by inaccurate speakers and writers. Say: I
shall be glad to see you. Shall I do this?
Shall I help you? (not Will I do this?) See
Will.
Shal"li (?), n. See
Challis.
Shal"lon (?), n. (Bot.)
An evergreen shrub (Gaultheria Shallon) of
Northwest America; also, its fruit. See
Salal-berry.
Shal*loon" (?), n. [F.
chalon, from Ch\'83lons, in France, where
it was first made.] A thin, loosely woven, twilled
worsted stuff.
In blue shalloon shall Hannibal be clad.
Swift.
Shal"lop (?), n. [F.
chaloupe, probably from D. sloep. Cf.
Sloop.] (Naut.) A boat.
[She] thrust the shallop from the floating
strand.
Spenser.
shallop is applied to boats of
all sizes, from a light canoe up to a large boat with masts and
sails.
Shal*lot" (?), n. [OF.
eschalote (for escalone), F.
\'82chalote. See Scallion, and cf.
Eschalot.] (Bot.) A small kind of
onion (Allium Ascalonicum) growing in clusters, and
ready for gathering in spring; a scallion, or eschalot.
Shal"low (?), a.
[Compar. Shallower (?);
superl. Shallowest.] [OE.
schalowe, probably originally, sloping or shelving;
cf. Icel. skj\'belgr wry, squinting, AS.
sceolh, D. & G. scheel, OHG.
schelah. Cf. Shelve to slope, Shoal
shallow.] 1. Not deep; having little depth;
shoal. \'bdShallow brooks, and rivers wide.\'b8
Milton.
2. Not deep in tone. [R.]
The sound perfecter and not so shallow and
jarring.
Bacon.
3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not
penetrating deeply; simple; not wise or knowing; ignorant;
superficial; as, a shallow mind; shallow
learning.
The king was neither so shallow, nor so ill
advertised, as not to perceive the intention of the French
king.
Bacon.
Deep versed in books, and shallow in himself.
Milton.
Shal"low, n. 1. A place in a
body of water where the water is not deep; a shoal; a flat; a
shelf.
A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon
shallows of gravel.
Bacon.
Dashed on the shallows of the moving sand.
Dryden.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The rudd.
[Prov. Eng.]
Shal"low, v. t. To make shallow.
Sir T. Browne.
Shal"low, v. i. To become shallow, as
water.
Shal"low-bod`ied (?), a.
(Naut.) Having a moderate depth of hold; -- said
of a vessel.
Shal"low-brained` (?), a. Weak
in intellect; foolish; empty-headed.
South.
Shal"low-heart`ed (?), a.
Incapable of deep feeling.
Tennyson.
Shal"low*ly, adv. In a shallow
manner.
Shal"low*ness, n. Quality or state of
being shallow.
Shal"low-pat`ed (?), a.
Shallow-brained.
Shal"low-waist`ed (?), a.
(Naut.) Having a flush deck, or with only a
moderate depression amidships; -- said of a vessel.
Shalm (?), n. See
Shawm. [Obs.]
Knolles.
Shalt (?), 2d per. sing. of
Shall.
Shal"y (?), a. Resembling shale
in structure.
Sham (?), n. [Originally the
same word as shame, hence, a disgrace, a trick. See
Shame, n.] 1. That which
deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes
and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture,
humbug. \'bdA mere sham.\'b8
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Believe who will the solemn sham, not I.
Addison.
2. A false front, or removable ornamental
covering.
Pillow sham, a covering to be laid on a
pillow.
Sham, a. False; counterfeit; pretended;
feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
They scorned the sham independence proffered to
them by the Athenians.
Jowett (Thucyd)
Sham, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shammed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shamming.] 1. To
trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
Fooled and shammed into a conviction.
L'Estrange.
2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
[R.]
We must have a care that we do not . . . sham
fallacies upon the world for current reason.
L'Estrange.
3. To assume the manner and character of; to
imitate; to ape; to feign.
To sham Abram Abraham, to feign sickness; to malinger.
Hence a malingerer is called, in sailors' cant, Sham
Abram, or Sham Abraham.
Sham, v. i. To make false pretenses; to
deceive; to feign; to impose.
Wondering . . . whether those who lectured him were such fools
as they professed to be, or were only shamming.
Macaulay.
\'d8Sha"ma (?), n. [Hind.
sh\'bem\'be.] (Zo\'94l.) A
saxicoline singing bird (Kittacincla macroura) of
India, noted for the sweetness and power of its song. In
confinement it imitates the notes of other birds and various
animals with accuracy. Its head, neck, back, breast, and tail are
glossy black, the rump white, the under parts chestnut.
Sha"man (?), n. [From the
native name.] A priest of Shamanism; a wizard among
the Shamanists.
<-- p. 1323 -->
Sha*man"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Shamanism.
Sha"man*ism (?), n. The type of
religion which once prevalied among all the Ural-Altaic peoples
(Tungusic, Mongol, and Turkish), and which still survives in
various parts of Northern Asia. The Shaman, or wizard priest,
deals with good as well as with evil spirits, especially the good
spirits of ancestors.
Encyc. Brit.
Sha"man*ist, n. An adherent of
Shamanism.
Sham"ble (?), n. [OE.
schamel a bench, stool, AS. scamel,
sceamol, a bench, form, stool, fr. L.
scamellum, dim. of scamnum a bench,
stool.] 1. (Mining) One of a
succession of niches or platforms, one above another, to hold ore
which is thrown successively from platform to platform, and thus
raised to a higher level.
2. pl. A place where butcher's meat is
sold.
As summer flies are in the shambles.
Shak.
3. pl. A place for slaughtering
animals for meat.
To make a shambles of the parliament house.
Shak.
Sham"ble, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Shambled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shambling (?).] [Cf.
OD. schampelen to slip, schampen to slip
away, escape. Cf. Scamble, Scamper.]
To walk awkwardly and unsteadily, as if the knees were weak;
to shuffle along.
Sham"bling (?), a.
Characterized by an awkward, irregular pace; as, a
shambling trot; shambling legs.
Sham"bling, n. An awkward, irregular
gait.
Shame (?), n. [OE.
shame, schame, AS. scamu,
sceamu; akin to OS. & OHG. scama, G.
scham, Icel. sk\'94mm, shkamm,
Sw. & Dan. skam, D. & G. schande, Goth.
skanda shame, skaman sik to be ashamed;
perhaps from a root skam meaning to cover, and akin to
the root (kam) of G. hemd shirt, E.
chemise. Cf. Sham.] 1. A
painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt or
impropriety, or of having done something which injures
reputation, or of the exposure of that which nature or modesty
prompts us to conceal.
HIde, for shame,
Romans, your grandsires' images,
That blush at their degenerate progeny.
Dryden.
Have you no modesty, no maiden shame?
Shak.
2. Reproach incurred or suffered; dishonor;
ignominy; derision; contempt.
Ye have borne the shame of the heathen.
Ezek. xxxvi. 6.
Honor and shame from no condition rise.
Pope.
And every woe a tear can claim
Except an erring sister's shame.
Byron.
3. The cause or reason of shame; that which brings
reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation of others;
disgrace.
O Cshame is this!
Shak.
Guides who are the shame of religion.
Shak.
4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered;
the private parts.
Isa. xlvii. 3.
For shame! you should be ashamed; shame on
you! -- To put to shame, to cause to feel
shame; to humiliate; to disgrace. \'bdLet them be driven
backward and put to shame that wish me evil.\'b8
Ps. xl. 14.
Shame, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shaming.] 1. To make ashamed;
to excite in (a person) a comsciousness of guilt or impropriety,
or of conduct derogatory to reputation; to put to shame.
Were there but one righteous in the world, he would . . .
shame the world, and not the world him.
South.
2. To cover with reproach or ignominy; to dishonor;
to disgrace.
And with foul cowardice his carcass shame.
Spenser.
3. To mock at; to deride. [Obs. or
R.]
Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor.
Ps. xiv. 6.
Shame, v. i. [AS. scamian,
sceamian. See Shame, n.]
To be ashamed; to feel shame. [R.]
I do shame
To think of what a noble strain you are.
Shak.
Shame"faced` (?), a. [For
shamefast; AS. scamf. See
Shame, n., and Fast firm.]
Easily confused or put out of countenance; diffident;
bashful; modest.
Your shamefaced virtue shunned the people's
prise.
Dryden.
Shamefaced was once shamefast,
shamefacedness was shamefastness, like
steadfast and steadfastness; but the
ordinary manifestations of shame being by the face, have brought
it to its present orthography.
Trench.
-- Shame"faced, adv. --
Shame"faced`ness, n.
Shame"fast (?), a. [AS.
scamf.] Modest; shamefaced. --
Shame"fast*ly, adv. --
Shame"fast*ness, n. [Archaic]
See Shamefaced.
Shamefast she was in maiden
shamefastness.
Chaucer.
[Conscience] is a blushing shamefast spirit.
Shak.
Modest apparel with shamefastness.
1 Tim. ii. 9 (Rev. Ver.).
Shame"ful (?), a. 1.
Bringing shame or disgrace; injurious to reputation;
disgraceful.
His naval preparations were not more surprising than his quick
and shameful retreat.
Arbuthnot.
2. Exciting the feeling of shame in others;
indecent; as, a shameful picture; a
shameful sight.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Disgraceful; reproachful; indecent; unbecoming;
degrading; scandalous; ignominious; infamous.
-- Shame"ful*ly, adv. --
Shame"ful*ness, n.
Shame"less, a. [AS.
scamle\'a0s.] 1. Destitute of
shame; wanting modesty; brazen-faced; insensible to
disgrace. \'bdSuch shameless bards we have.\'b8
Pope.
Shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not
shameless.
Shak.
2. Indicating want of modesty, or sensibility to
disgrace; indecent; as, a shameless picture or
poem.
Syn. -- Impudent; unblushing; audacious; immodest; indecent;
indelicate.
-- Shame"less*ly, adv. --
Shame"less*ness, n.
Shame"-proof` (?), n.
Shameless.
Shak.
Sham"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, disgraces, or makes ashamed.
Beau & Fl.
Sham"mer (?), n. One who shams;
an impostor.
Johnson.
Sham"my (?), n. [F.
chamious a chamois, shammy leather. See
Chamois.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
The chamois.
2. A soft, pliant leather, prepared originally from
the skin of the chamois, but now made also from the skin of the
sheep, goat, kid, deer, and calf. See Shamoying.
[Written also chamois, shamoy, and
shamois.]
{ Sham"ois, Sham"oy } (?),
n. See Shammy.
Sha*moy"ing (?), n. [See
Shammy.] A process used in preparing certain
kinds of leather, which consists in frizzing the skin, and
working oil into it to supply the place of the astringent
(tannin, alum, or the like) ordinarily used in tanning.
Sham*poo" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shampooed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shampooing.] [Hind.
ch\'bempn\'be to press, to squeeze.]
[Writing also champoo.] 1.
To press or knead the whole surface of the body of (a
person), and at the same time to stretch the limbs and joints, in
connection with the hot bath.
2. To wash throughly and rub the head of (a
person), with the fingers, using either soap, or a soapy
preparation, for the more thorough cleansing.
Sham*poo", n. The act of
shampooing.
Sham*poo"er (?), n. One who
shampoos.
Sham"rock (?), n. [L.
seamrog, seamar, trefoil, white clover,
white honeysuckle; akin to Gael. seamrag.]
(Bot.) A trifoliate plant used as a national
emblem by the Irish. The legend is that St. Patrick once plucked
a leaf of it for use in illustrating the doctrine of the
trinity.
Oxalis Acetocella); but now the name is given
to the white clover (Trifolium repens), and the black
medic (Medicago lupulina).
Shan"dry*dan (?), n. A jocosely
depreciative name for a vehicle. [Ireland]
Shan"dy*gaff (, n. A
mixture of strong beer and ginger beer. [Eng.]
Shang`hai" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shanghaied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shanghaiing.] To intoxicate and ship (a
person) as a sailor while in this condition.
[Written also shanghae.] [Slang,
U.S.]
Shang`hai" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large and tall breed of domestic
fowl.
Shank (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Chank.
Shank, n. [OE. shanke,
schanke, schonke, AS. scanca,
sceanca, sconca, sceonca; akin
to D. schonk a bone, G. schenkel thigh,
shank, schinken ham, OHG. scincha shank,
Dan. & Sw. skank. Skink,
v.] 1. The part of the leg from
the knee to the foot; the shin; the shin bone; also, the whole
leg.
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank.
Shak.
2. Hence, that part of an instrument, tool, or
other thing, which connects the acting part with a handle or
other part, by which it is held or moved. Specifically:
(a) That part of a key which is between the bow and
the part which enters the wards of the lock. (b)
The middle part of an anchor, or that part which is between
the ring and the arms. See Illustr. of
Anchor. (c) That part of a hoe, rake,
knife, or the like, by which it is secured to a handle.
(d) A loop forming an eye to a button.
3. (Arch.) The space between two
channels of the Doric triglyph.
Gwilt.
4. (Founding) A large ladle for molten
metal, fitted with long bars for handling it.
5. (Print.) The body of a type.
6. (Shoemaking) The part of the sole
beneath the instep connecting the broader front part with the
heel.
7. (Zo\'94l.) A wading bird with long
legs; as, the green-legged shank, or knot; the
yellow shank, or tattler; -- called also
shanks.
8. pl. Flat-nosed pliers, used by
opticians for nipping off the edges of pieces of glass to make
them round.
Shank painter (Naut.), a short rope
or chain which holds the shank of an anchor against the side of a
vessel when it is secured for a voyage. -- To ride
shank's mare, to go on foot; to walk.
Shank, v. i. To fall off, as a leaf,
flower, or capsule, on account of disease affecting the
supporting footstalk; -- usually followed by
off.
Darwin.
Shank"beer` (?), n. See
Schenkbeer.
Shanked (?), a. Having a
shank.
Shank"er (?), n. (Med.)
See Chancre.
Shan"ny (?), n.; pl.
Shannies (#). [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European smooth
blenny (Blennius pholis). It is olive-green with
irregular black spots, and without appendages on the head.
Shan't (?). A contraction of shall
not. [Colloq.]
Shan"ty (?), a. Jaunty;
showy. [Prov. Eng.]
Shan"ty, n.;pl. Shanties
(#). [Said to be fr. Ir. sean old
+ tig. a house.] A small, mean dwelling; a
rough, slight building for temporary use; a hut.
Shan"ty, v. i. To inhabit a
shanty.
S. H. Hammond.
Shap"a*ble (?), a. 1.
That may be shaped.
2. Shapely. [R.] \'bdRound and
shapable.\'b8
De Foe.
Shape (?), v. t.
[imp. Shaped (#); p.
p. Shaped or Shapen (#); p.
pr. & vb. n. Shaping.] [OE.
shapen, schapen, AS. sceapian.
The p. p. shapen is from the strong verb, AS.
scieppan, scyppan, sceppan, p.
p. sceapen. See Shape, n.]
1. To form or create; especially, to mold or make
into a particular form; to give proper form or figure to.
I was shapen in iniquity.
Ps. li. 5.
Grace shaped her limbs, and beauty decked her
face.
Prior.
2. To adapt to a purpose; to regulate; to adjust;
to direct; as, to shape the course of a
vessel.
To the stream, when neither friends, nor force,
Nor spead nor art avail, he shapes his course.
Denham.
Charmed by their eyes, their manners I acqire,
And shape my foolishness to their desire.
Prior.
3. To image; to conceive; to body forth.
Oft my jealousy
Shapes faults that are not.
Shak.
4. To design; to prepare; to plan; to
arrange.
When shapen was all this conspiracy,
From point to point.
Chaucer.
Shaping machine. (Mach.) Same as
Shaper. -- To shape one's self, to
prepare; to make ready. [Obs.]
I will early shape me therefor.
Chaucer.
Shape (?), v. i. To suit; to be
adjusted or conformable. [R.]
Shak.
Shape, n. [OE. shap,
schap, AS. sceap in gesceap
creation, creature, fr. the root of scieppan,
scyppan, sceppan, to shape, to do, to
effect; akin to OS. giskeppian, OFries.
skeppa, D. scheppen, G.
schaffen, OHG. scaffan, scepfen,
skeffen, Icer. skapa, skepja,
Dan. skabe, skaffe, Sw. skapa,
skaffa, Goth. gaskapjan, and perhaps to E.
shave, v. Cf. -ship.] 1.
Character or construction of a thing as determining its
external appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form; guise;
as, the shape of a tree; the shape of the
head; an elegant shape.
He beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman.
Shak.
2. That which has form or figure; a figure; an
appearance; a being.
Before the gates three sat,
On either side, a formidable shape.
Milton.
3. A model; a pattern; a mold.
4. Form of embodiment, as in words; form, as of
thought or conception; concrete embodiment or example, as of some
quality.
Milton.
5. Dress for disguise; guise.
[Obs.]
Look better on this virgin, and consider
This Persian shape laid by, and she appearing
In a Greekish dress.
Messinger.
6. (Iron Manuf.) (a) A rolled
or hammered piece, as a bar, beam, angle iron, etc., having a
cross section different from merchant bar. (b)
A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the form it
will receive when completely forged or fitted.
To take shape, to assume a definite
form.
<-- in shape, having a good muscle tone; healthy.
Get into shape, to exercise so as to acquire a good muscle
tone. -->
Shape"less, a. Destitute of shape or
regular form; wanting symmetry of dimensions; misshapen; --
opposed to shapely. --
Shape"less*ness, n.
The shapeless rock, or hanging precipice.
Pope.
Shape"li*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being shapely.
Shape"ly, a. [Compar.
Shapelier (?); superl.
Shapeliest.] 1. Well-formed;
having a regular shape; comely; symmetrical.
T. Warton.
Waste sandy valleys, once perplexed with thorn,
The spiry fir and shapely box adorn.
Pope.
Where the shapely column stood.
Couper.
2. Fit; suitable. [Obs.]
Shaply for to be an alderman.
Chaucer.
Shap"er (?), n. 1. One
who shapes; as, the shaper of one's
fortunes.
The secret of those old shapers died with them.
Lowell.
2. That which shapes; a machine for giving a
particular form or outline to an object. Specifically;
(a) (Metal Working) A kind of planer in
which the tool, instead of the work, receives a reciprocating
motion, usually from a crank. (b) (Wood
Working) A machine with a vertically revolving cutter
projecting above a flat table top, for cutting irregular
outlines, moldings, etc.
Sha"poo (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The o\'94rial.
Shard (?), n. A plant;
chard. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Shard, n. [AS. sceard,
properly a p. p. from the root of scearn to shear, to
cut; akin to D. schaard a fragment, G.
scharte a notch, Icel. skar. See
Shear, and cf. Sherd.] [Written
also sheard, and sherd.]
1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel, or a
like brittle substance, as the shell of an egg or snail.
Shak.
The precious dish
Broke into shards of beauty on the board.
E. Arnold.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The hard wing case of a
beetle.
They are his shards, and he their beetle.
Shak.
3. A gap in a fence. [Obs.]
Stanyhurst.
4. A boundary; a division. [Obs. &
R.]
Spenser.
Shard"-borne` (?), a. Borne on
shards or scaly wing cases. \'bdThe shard-borne
beetle.\'b8
Shak.
Shard"ed, a. (Zo\'94l.)
Having elytra, as a beetle.
Shard"y (?), a. Having, or
consisting of, shards.
Share (?), n. [OE.
schar, AS. scear; akin to OHG.
scaro, G. schar, pflugshar, and
E. shear, v. See Shear.] 1.
The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which
cuts the ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare.
2. The part which opens the ground for the
reception of the seed, in a machine for sowing seed.
Knight.
Share, n. [OE. share, AS.
scearu, scaru, fr. sceran to
shear, cut. See Shear, v.] 1.
A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; as, a
small share of prudence.
2. Especially, the part allotted or belonging to
one, of any property or interest owned by a number; a portion
among others; an apportioned lot; an allotment; a dividend.
\'bdMy share of fame.\'b8
Dryden.
3. Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions
into which any property or invested capital is divided; as, a
ship owned in ten shares.
4. The pubes; the sharebone.
[Obs.]
Holland.
To go shares, to partake; to be equally
concerned. -- Share and share alike, in equal
shares.
Share, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sharing.] 1. To part among two
or more; to distribute in portions; to divide.
Suppose I share my fortune equally between my
children and a stranger.
Swift.
<-- p. 1324 -->
2. To partake of, use, or experience, with others;
to have a portion of; to take and possess in common; as, to
share a shelter with another.
While avarice and rapine share the land.
Milton.
3. To cut; to shear; to cleave; to divide.
[Obs.]
The shared visage hangs on equal sides.
Dryden.
Share (?), v. i. To have part;
to receive a portion; to partake, enjoy, or suffer with
others.
A right of inheritance gave every one a title to
share in the goods of his father.
Locke.
Share"beam` (?), n. The part of
the plow to which the share is attached.
Share"bone` (?), n.
(Anat.) The public bone.
Share"bro`ker (?), n. A broker
who deals in railway or other shares and securities.
Share"hold`er (?), n. One who
holds or owns a share or shares in a joint fund or
property.
Shar"er (?), n. One who shares;
a participator; a partaker; also, a divider; a distributer.
Share"wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A composite plant (Aster
Tripolium) growing along the seacoast of Europe.
Shark (?), n. [Of uncertain
origin; perhaps through OF. fr. carcharus a kind of
dogfish, Gr. Shark, v.
t.&i.); cf. Corn.
scarceas.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the
order Plagiostomi, found in all seas.
Carcharhinus, Carcharodon, and related
genera. They have several rows of large sharp teeth with serrated
edges, as the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias,
) of tropical seas, and the great blue shark
(Carcharhinus glaucus) of all tropical and temperate
seas. The former sometimes becomes thirty-six feet long, and is
the most voracious and dangerous species known. The rare
man-eating shark of the United States coast (Charcarodon
Atwoodi) is thought by some to be a variety, or the young,
of C. carcharias. The dusky shark (Carcharhinus
obscurus), and the smaller blue shark (C.
caudatus), both common species on the coast of the United
States, are of moderate size and not dangerous. They feed on
shellfish and bottom fishes.
2. A rapacious, artful person; a sharper.
[Colloq.]
3. Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live
upon the shark. [Obs.]
South.
Baskin shark, Liver shark,
Nurse shark, Oil shark, Sand
shark, Tiger shark, etc. See under
Basking, Liver, etc. See also
Dogfish, Houndfish, Notidanian, and
Tope. -- Gray shark, the sand
shark. -- Hammer-headed shark. See
Hammerhead. -- Port Jackson shark.
See Cestraciont. -- Shark barrow,
the eggcase of a shark; a sea purse. -- Shark
ray. Same as Angel fish (a), under
Angel. -- Thrasher shark, Thresher shark, a large, voracious shark.
See Thrasher. -- Whale shark, a huge
harmless shark (Rhinodon typicus) of the Indian Ocean.
It becomes sixty feet or more in length, but has very small
teeth.
Shark, v. t. [Of uncertain origin;
perhaps fr. shark, n., or perhaps related to E.
shear (as hearken to hear), and
originally meaning, to clip off. Cf. Shirk.]
To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Shark, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Sharked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sharking.] 1. To play
the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle.
Neither sharks for a cup or a reckoning.
Bp. Earle.
2. To live by shifts and stratagems.
Beau & Fl.
Shark"er (?), n. One who lives
by sharking.
Shark"ing, n. Petty rapine; trick; also,
seeking a livelihood by shifts and dishonest devices.
Shar"ock (?), n. An East Indian
coin of the value of 12
Sharp (?), a.
[Compar. Sharper (?);
superl. Sharpest.] [OE.
sharp, scharp, scarp, AS.
scearp; akin to OS. skarp, LG.
scharp, D. scherp, G. scharf,
Dan. & Sw. skarp, Icel. skarpr. Cf.
Escarp, Scrape, Scorpion.]
1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; of a
nature to cut or pierce easily; not blunt or dull; keen.
He dies upon my scimeter's sharp point.
Shak.
2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse or
rounded; somewhat pointed or edged; peaked or ridged; as, a
sharp hill; sharp features.
3. Affecting the sense as if pointed or cutting,
keen, penetrating, acute: to the taste or smell, pungent, acid,
sour, as ammonia has a sharp taste and odor; to the
hearing, piercing, shrill, as a sharp sound or voice;
to the eye, instantaneously brilliant, dazzling, as a
sharp flash.
4. (Mus.) (a) High in pitch;
acute; as, a sharp note or tone.
(b) Raised a semitone in pitch; as, C
sharp (C. (c) So high as to be out
of tune, or above true pitch; as, the tone is sharp;
that instrument is sharp. Opposed in all these
senses to flat.
5. Very trying to the feelings; pierching; keen;
severe; painful; distressing; as, sharp pain,
weather; a sharp and frosty air.
Sharp misery had worn him to the bones.
Shak.
The morning sharp and clear.
Cowper.
In sharpest perils faithful proved.
Keble.
6. Cutting in language or import; biting;
sarcastic; cruel; harsh; rigorous; severe; as, a
sharp rebuke. \'bdThat sharp
look.\'b8
Tennyson.
To that place the sharp Athenian law
Can not pursue us.
Shak.
Be thy words severe,
Sharp as merits but the sword forbear.
Dryden.
7. Of keen perception; quick to discern or
distinguish; having nice discrimination; acute; penetrating;
sagacious; clever; as, a sharp eye; sharp
sight, hearing, or judgment.
Nothing makes men sharper . . . than want.
Addison.
Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the
sharpest philosophers have never ye
L. Watts.
8. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest; impatient for
gratification; keen; as, a sharp
appetite.
9. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous.
\'bdIn sharp contest of battle.\'b8
Milton.
A sharp assault already is begun.
Dryden.
10. Keenly or unduly attentive to one's own
interest; close and exact in dealing; shrewd; as, a
sharp dealer; a sharp customer.
The necessity of being so sharp and exacting.
Swift.
11. Composed of hard, angular grains; gritty;
as, sharp sand.
Moxon.
12. Steep; precipitous; abrupt; as, a
sharp ascent or descent; a sharp turn or
curve.
13. (Phonetics) Uttered in a whisper, or
with the breath alone, without voice, as certain consonants, such
as p, k, t, f; surd;
nonvocal; aspirated.
Sharp is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, sharp-cornered,
sharp-edged, sharp-pointed,
sharp-tasted, sharp-visaged, etc.
Sharp practice, the getting of an advantage,
or the attempt to do so, by a tricky expedient. --
To brace sharp, To sharp
up (Naut.), to turn the yards to the
most oblique position possible, that the ship may lie well up to
the wind.
Syn. -- Keen; acute; piercing; penetrating; quick;
sagacious; discerning; shrewd; witty; ingenious; sour; acid;
tart; pungent; acrid; severe; poignant; biting; acrimonious;
sarcastic; cutting; bitter; painful; afflictive; violent; harsh;
fierce; ardent; fiery.
Sharp (?), adv. 1. To
a point or edge; piercingly; eagerly; sharply.
M. Arnold.
The head [of a spear] full sharp yground.
Chaucer.
You bite so sharp at reasons.
Shak.
2. Precisely; exactly; as, we shall start at
ten o'clock sharp. [Colloq.]
Look sharp, attend; be alert.
[Colloq.]
Sharp, n. 1. A sharp tool or
weapon. [Obs.]
If butchers had but the manners to go to sharps,
gentlemen would be contented with a rubber at cuffs.
Collier.
2. (Mus.) (a) The character
[
(b) A sharp tone or note. Shak.
3. A portion of a stream where the water runs very
rapidly. [Prov. Eng.]
C. Kingsley.
4. A sewing needle having a very slender point; a
needle of the most pointed of the three grades,
blunts, betweens, and
sharps.
5. pl. Same as Middlings,
1.
6. An expert. [Slang]
Sharp, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sharped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sharping.] 1. To
sharpen. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. (Mus.) To raise above the proper
pitch; to elevate the tone of; especially, to raise a half step,
or semitone, above the natural tone.
Sharp, v. i. 1. To play tricks
in bargaining; to act the sharper.
L'Estrange.
2. (Mus.) To sing above the proper
pitch.
Sharp-cut` (?), a. Cut sharply
or definitely, or so as to make a clear, well-defined impression,
as the lines of an engraved plate, and the like; clear-cut;
hence, having great distinctness; well-defined; clear.
Sharp"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sarpened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sharpening.] [See Sharp,
a.] To make sharp. Specifically:
(a) To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make
sharper; as, to sharpen an ax, or the teeth of a
saw. (b) To render more quick or acute
in perception; to make more ready or ingenious.
The air . . . sharpened his visual ray
To objects distant far.
Milton.
He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and
sharpens our skill.
Burke.
(c) To make more eager; as, to sharpen
men's desires.
Epicurean cooks
Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite.
Shak.
(d) To make more pungent and intense; as, to
sharpen a pain or disease. (e)
To make biting, sarcastic, or severe.
\'bdSharpen each word.\'b8 E. Smith.
(f) To render more shrill or piercing.
Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and
sharpen it.
Bacon.
(g) To make more tart or acid; to make sour;
as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar.
(h) (Mus.) To raise, as a sound, by
means of a sharp; to apply a sharp to.
Sharp"en, v. i. To grow or become
sharp.
Sharp"er (?), n. A person who
bargains closely, especially, one who cheats in bargains; a
swinder; also, a cheating gamester.
Sharpers, as pikes, prey upon their own kind.
L'Estrange.
Syn. -- Swindler; cheat; deceiver; trickster; rogue. See
Swindler.
Sharp"ie (?), n. (Naut.)
A long, sharp, flat-bottomed boat, with one or two masts
carrying a triangular sail. They are often called Fair
Haven sharpies, after the place on the coast of
Connecticut where they originated. [Local,
U.S.]
Sharp"ling (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A stickleback. [Prov.
Eng.]
Sharp"ly, adv. In a sharp manner,;
keenly; acutely.
They are more sharply to be chastised and reformed
than the rude Irish.
Spenser.
The soldiers were sharply assailed with wants.
Hayward.
You contract your eye when you would see
sharply.
Bacon.
Sharp"ness, n. [AS.
scearpness.] The quality or condition of
being sharp; keenness; acuteness.
Sharp"saw` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The great titmouse; -- so called from
its harsh call notes. [Prov. Eng.]
Sharp"-set` (?), a. Eager in
appetite or desire of gratification; affected by keen hunger;
ravenous; as, an eagle or a lion
sharp-set.
The town is sharp-set on new plays.
Pope.
Sharp"shoot`er (?), n. One
skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good
marksman.
Sharp"shoot`ing, n. A shooting with
great precision and effect; hence, a keen contest of wit or
argument.
Sharp"-sight`ed (?), a. Having
quick or acute sight; -- used literally and figuratively.
-- Sharp`-sight`ed*ness,
n.
Sharp"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail duck.
(b) The pintail grouse, or prairie chicken.
Sharp"-wit`ted (?), a. Having
an acute or nicely discerning mind.
Shash (?), n. [See
Sash.] 1. The scarf of a
turban. [Obs.]
Fuller.
2. A sash. [Obs.]
{ \'d8Shas"ter (?), \'d8Shas"tra
(?), } n. [Skr.
c\'bestra an order or command, a sacred book, fr.
c\'bes to order, instruct, govern. Cf.
Sastra.] A treatise for authoritative
instruction among the Hindoos; a book of institutes; especially,
a treatise explaining the Vedas. [Written also
sastra.]
Shath"mont (, n. A
shaftment. [Scot.]
Shat"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shattering.] [OE. schateren,
scateren, to scatter, to dash, AS.
scateran; cf. D. schateren to crack, to
make a great noise, OD. schetteren to scatter, to
burst, to crack. Cf. Scatter.] 1. To
break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part violently
into fragments; to rend into splinters; as, an explosion
shatters a rock or a bomb; too much steam
shatters a boiler; an oak is shattered by
lightning.
A monarchy was shattered to pieces, and divided
amongst revolted subjects.
Locke.
2. To disorder; to derange; to render unsound;
as, to be shattered in intellect; his constitution
was shattered; his hopes were
shattered.
A man of a loose, volatile, and shattered
humor.
Norris.
3. To scatter about. [Obs.]
Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year.
Milton.
Shat"ter, v. i. To be broken into
fragments; to fal
Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some
shatter and fly in many places.
Bacon.
Shat"ter, n. A fragment of anything
shattered; -- used chiefly or soley in the phrase into
shatters; as, to break a glass into
shatters.
Swift.
{ Shat"ter-brained` (?),
Shat"ter-pat`ed (?), } a.
Disordered or wandering in intellect; hence, heedless;
wild.
J. Goodman.
Shat"ter*y (?), a. Easily
breaking into pieces; not compact; loose of texture; brittle;
as, shattery spar.
Shave (?), obs. p. p. of
Shave.
Chaucer.
His beard was shave as nigh as ever he can.
Chaucer.
Shave, v. t. [imp.
Shaved (?);p. p. Shaved or
Shaven (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shaving.] [OE. shaven,
schaven, AS. scafan, sceafan;
akin to D. schaven, G. schaben, Icel.
skafa, Sw. skafva, Dan. skave,
Goth. scaban, Russ. kopate to dig, Gr.
scabere to scratch,
to scrape. Cf. Scab, Shaft,
Shape.] 1. To cut or pare off from
the surface of a body with a razor or other edged instrument; to
cut off closely, as with a razor; as, to shave the
beard.
2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely
the surface, or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the
hair from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the
beard or hair of; as, to shave the face or the crown
of the head; he shaved himself.
I'll shave your crown for this.
Shak.
The laborer with the bending scythe is seen
Shaving the surface of the waving green.
Gay.
3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin
slices.
Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root.
Bacon.
4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass
close to, or touch lightly, in passing.
Now shaves with level wing the deep.
Milton.
5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece.
[Colloq.]
To shave a note, to buy it at a discount
greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in
discounting it more than the legal rate allows. [Cant,
U.S.]
<-- p. 1325 -->
Shave (?), v. i. To use a razor
for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence, to be hard and
severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.
Shave (?), n. [AS.
scafa, sceafa, a sort of knife. See Shave,
v. t.] 1. A thin slice; a
shaving.
Wright.
2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of
shaving.
3. (a) An exorbitant discount on a
note. [Cant, U.S.] (b) A premium
paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for
the right to vary a stock contract in any particular.
[Cant, U.S.]
N. Biddle.
4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a
handle at each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave.
5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to
graze; as, the bullet missed by a close
shave. [Colloq.]
Shave grass (Bot.), the scouring
rush. See the Note under Equisetum. -- Shave
hook, a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a
sharp-edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and
handle.
Shave"ling (?), n. A man
shaved; hence, a monk, or other religious; -- used in
contempt.
I am no longer a shaveling than while my frock is
on my back.
Sir W. Scott.
Shav"er (?), n. 1. One
who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave.
2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper.
Swift.
3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.
By these shavers the Turks were stripped.
Knolles.
4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow.
[Colloq.] \'bdThese unlucky little
shavers.\'b8
<-- often little shaver -->
Salmagundi.
As I have mentioned at the door to this young
shaver, I am on a chase in the name of the king.
Dickens.
5. (Mech.) A tool or machine for
shaving.
A note shaver, a person who buys notes at a
discount greater than the legal rate of interest.
[Cant, U.S.]
Shav"ing, n. 1. The act of one
who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act of cutting off
the beard with a razor.
2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip
pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting
instrument. \'bdShaving of silver.\'b8
Chaucer.
Shaving brush, a brush used in lathering the
face preparatory to shaving it.
Shaw (?), n. [OE.
schawe, scha, thicket, grove, AS.
scaga; akin to Dan. skov, Sw.
skog, Icel. sk.] 1.
A thicket; a small wood or grove. [Obs. or
Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
Burns.
Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shaw.
Chaucer.
The green shaws, the merry green woods.
Howitt.
2. pl. The leaves and tops of
vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Shaw"fowl`, n. [Scot. schaw,
shaw, show + fowl.] The
representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot
at.
Johnson.
Shawl (?), n. [Per. & Hind.
sh\'bel: cf. F. ch\'83le.] A
square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or
netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for
the neck and shoulders.
India shawl, a kind of rich shawl made in
India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces,
which are sewed together. -- Shawl goat
(Zo\'94l.), the Cashmere goat.
Shawl, v. t. To wrap in a shawl.
Thackeray.
Shawm (?), n. [OE.
shalmie, OF. chalemie; cf. F.
chalumeau shawm, chaume haulm, stalk; all
fr. L. calamus a reed, reed pipe. See Haulm,
and cf. Calumet.] (Mus.) A wind
instrument of music, formerly in use, supposed to have resembled
either the clarinet or the hautboy in form. [Written
also shalm, shaum.]
Otway.
Even from the shrillest shaum unto the
cornamute.
Drayton.
Shaw`nees" (?), n. pl.; sing.
Shawnee (.
(Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians who
occupied Western New York and part of Ohio, but were driven away
and widely dispersed by the Iroquois.
Shay (?), n. A chaise.
[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
She (?), pron.
[sing. nom. She; poss.
Her. ( or Hers (;
obj. Her; pl. nom. They
(?); poss. Their (?) or
Theirs (; obj. Them
(?).] [OE. she,
sche, scheo, scho, AS.
se\'a2, fem. of the definite article, originally a
demonstrative pronoun; cf. OS. siu, D. zij,
G. sie, OHG. siu, s\'c6,
si, Icel. s, sj\'be, Goth.
si she, s, fem. article, Russ.
siia, fem., this, Gr. s\'be, sy\'be. The possessive
her or hers, and the objective
her, are from a different root. See
Her.] 1. This or that female; the
woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or
object personified as feminine, which was spoken of.
She loved her children best in every wise.
Chaucer.
Then Sarah denied, . . . for she was afraid.
Gen. xviii. 15.
2. A woman; a female; -- used substantively.
[R.]
Lady, you are the cruelest she alive.
Shak.
She is used in composition with nouns of
common gender, for female, to denote an animal of the
female sex; as, a she-bear; a
she-cat.
Shead"ing (?), n. [From AS.
sc\'bedan, sce\'a0dan, to separate, divide.
See Shed, v. t.] A tithing, or
division, in the Isle of Man, in which there is a coroner, or
chief constable. The island is divided into six sheadings.
Sheaf (?), n. (Mech.)
A sheave. [R.]
Sheaf, n.; pl. Sheaves
(#). [OE. sheef, shef,
schef, AS. sce\'a0f; akin to D.
schoof, OHG. scoub, G. schaub,
Icel. skauf a fox's brush, and E. shove.
See Shove.] 1. A quantity of the
stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a
bundle of grain or straw.
The reaper fills his greedy hands,
And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands.
Dryden.
2. Any collection of things bound together; a
bundle; specifically, a bundle of arrows sufficient to fill a
quiver, or the allowance of each archer, -- usually
twenty-four.
The sheaf of arrows shook and rattled in the
case.
Dryden.
Sheaf, v. t. To gather and bind into a
sheaf; to make into sheaves; as, to sheaf
wheat.
Sheaf (?), v. i. To collect and
bind cut grain, or the like; to make sheaves.
They that reap must sheaf and bind.
Shak.
Sheaf"y (?), a. Pertaining to,
or consisting of, a sheaf or sheaves; resembling a sheaf.
Sheal (?), n. Same as
Sheeling. [Scot.]
Sheal, v. t. To put under a sheal or
shelter. [Scot.]
Sheal, v. t. [See Shell.]
To take the husks or pods off from; to shell; to empty of
its contents, as a husk or a pod. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.
& Scot.]
Jamieson.
That's a shealed peascod.
Shak.
Sheal, n. A shell or pod.
[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
Sheal"ing, n. The outer husk, pod, or
shell, as of oats, pease, etc.; sheal; shell. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Sheal"ing, n. Same as
Sheeling. [Scot.]
Shear (?), v. t.
[imp. Sheared (?) or
Shore (;p. p. Sheared
or Shorn (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shearing.] [OE. sheren,
scheren, to shear, cut, shave, AS. sceran,
scieran, scyran; akin to D. & G.
scheren, Icel. skera, Dan.
ski, Gr. Jeer,
Score, Shard, Share, Sheer to
turn aside.] 1. To cut, clip, or sever
anything from with shears or a like instrument; as, to
shear sheep; to shear cloth.
2. To separate or sever with shears or a similar
instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface;
as, to shear a fleece.
Before the golden tresses . . . were shorn
away.
Shak.
3. To reap, as grain. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
4. Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece.
5. (Mech.) To produce a change of shape
in by a shear. See Shear, n., 4.
Shear, n. [AS. sceara. See
Shear, v. t.] 1. A pair
of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but formerly also in
the singular. See Shears.
On his head came razor none, nor shear.
Chaucer.
Short of the wool, and naked from the shear.
Dryden.
2. A shearing; -- used in designating the age of
sheep.
After the second shearing, he is a two-sher ram; .
. . at the expiration of another year, he is a
three-shear ram; the name always taking its date from
the time of shearing.
Youatt.
3. (Engin.) An action, resulting from
applied forces, which tends to cause two contiguous parts of a
body to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to
their plane of contact; -- also called shearing
stress, and tangential stress.
4. (Mech.) A strain, or change of shape,
of an elastic body, consisting of an extension in one direction,
an equal compression in a perpendicular direction, with an
unchanged magnitude in the third direction.
Shear blade, one of the blades of shears or a
shearing machine. -- Shear hulk. See under
Hulk. -- Shear steel, a steel
suitable for shears, scythes, and other cutting instruments,
prepared from fagots of blistered steel by repeated heating,
rolling, and tilting, to increase its malleability and fineness
of texture.
Shear, v. i. 1. To deviate. See
Sheer.
2. (Engin.) To become more or less
completely divided, as a body under the action of forces, by the
sliding of two contiguous parts relatively to each other in a
direction parallel to their plane of contact.
Shear"bill`, n. (Zo\'94l.)
The black skimmer. See Skimmer.
Sheard (?), n. See
Shard. [Obs.]
Shear"er (?), n. 1.
One who shears.
Like a lamb dumb before his shearer.
Acts viii. 32.
2. A reaper. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Shear"ing, n. 1. The act or
operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine, as the
wool from sheep, or the nap from cloth.
2. The product of the act or operation of clipping
with shears or a shearing machine; as, the whole
shearing of a flock; the shearings from
cloth.
3. Same as Shearling.
Youatt.
4. The act or operation of reaping.
[Scot.]
5. The act or operation of dividing with shears;
as, the shearing of metal plates.
6. The process of preparing shear steel;
tilting.
7. (Mining) The process of making a
vertical side cutting in working into a face of coal.
Shearing machine. (a) A machine with
blades, or rotary disks, for dividing plates or bars of
metal. (b) A machine for shearing
cloth.
Shear"ling (?), n. A sheep but
once sheared.
Shear"man (?), n.; pl.
Shearmen (. One whose
occupation is to shear cloth.
Shearn (?), n. [AS.
scearn. Cf. Scarn.] Dung;
excrement. [Obs.] [Written also
shern.]
Holland.
Shears (?), n. pl. [Formerly
used also in the singular. See Shear,
n.,1.] 1. A cutting
instrument. Specifically: (a) An instrument
consisting of two blades, commonly with bevel edges, connected by
a pivot, and working on both sides of the material to be cut, --
used for cutting cloth and other substances.
Fate urged the shears, and cut the sylph in
twain.
Pope.
(b) A similar instrument the blades of which are
extensions of a curved spring, -- used for shearing sheep or
skins. (c) A shearing machine; a blade, or a
set of blades, working against a resisting edge.
2. Anything in the form of shears.
Specifically: (a) A pair of wings.
[Obs.] Spenser. (b) An
apparatus for raising heavy weights, and especially for stepping
and unstepping the lower masts of ships. It consists of two or
more spars or pieces of timber, fastened together near the top,
steadied by a guy or guys, and furnished with the necessary
tackle. [Written also
sheers.]
3. (Mach.) The bedpiece of a machine
tool, upon which a table or slide rest is secured; as, the
shears of a lathe or planer. See Illust.
under Lathe.
Rotary shears. See under
Rotary.
Shear"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The common tern.
(b) Any one of several species of humming birds of
the genus Thaumastura having a long forked tail.
Shear"wa`ter (?), n.
[Shear + water; cf. G.
wassersherer; -- so called from its running lightly
along the surface of the water.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of
the genus Puffinus and related genera. They are allied
to the petrels, but are larger. The Manx shearwater (P.
Anglorum), the dusky shearwater (P. obscurus),
and the greater shearwater (P. major), are well-known
species of the North Atlantic. See Hagdon.
Sheat"fish` (?), n. [Cf. dial.
G. scheid, schaid,
schaiden.] (Zo\'94l.) A European
siluroid fish (Silurus glanis) allied to the
cat-fishes. It is the largest fresh-water fish of Europe,
sometimes becoming six feet or more in length. See
Siluroid.
Sheath (?), n. [OE.
schethe, AS. sc,
sce\'a0, sc; akin to OS.
sk, D. scheede, G.
scheide, OHG. sceida, Sw. skida,
Dan. skede, Icel. skei, pl., and to
E. shed, v.t., originally meaning, to separate, to
part. See Shed.] 1. A case for the
reception of a sword, hunting knife, or other long and slender
instrument; a scabbard.
The dead knight's sword out of his sheath he
drew.
Spenser.
2. Any sheathlike covering, organ, or part.
Specifically: (a) (Bot.) The base of a
leaf when sheathing or investing a stem or branch, as in
grasses. (b) (Zo\'94l.) One of the
elytra of an insect.
Medullary sheath. (Anat.) See under
Medullary. -- Primitive sheath.
(Anat.) See Neurilemma. --
Sheath knife, a knife with a fixed blade, carried
in a sheath. -- Sheath of Schwann.
(Anat.) See Schwann's sheath.
Sheath"bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Either one of two species of birds
composing the genus Chionis, and family
Chionid\'91, native of the islands of the
Antarctic.seas.
Sheathe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sheathed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sheating.] [Written also
sheath.] 1. To put into a sheath,
case, or scabbard; to inclose or cover with, or as with, a sheath
or case.
The leopard . . . keeps the claws of his fore feet turned up
from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his
toes.
Grew.
'T is in my breast she sheathes her dagger now.
Dryden.
2. To fit or furnish, as with a sheath.
Shak.
3. To case or cover with something which protects,
as thin boards, sheets of metal, and the like; as, to
sheathe a ship with copper.
4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious substances,
or sharp particles. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
To sheathe the sword, to make peace.
Sheathed (?), a. 1.
Povided with, or inclosed in, sheath.
2. (Bot.) Invested by a sheath, or
cylindrical membranaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as
the stalk or culm in grasses; vaginate.
Sheath"er (?), n. One who
sheathes.
Sheath"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Sheatfish.
Sheath"ing (?), p. pr. & a.
from Sheathe. Inclosing with a sheath; as, the
sheathing leaves of grasses; the sheathing
stipules of many polygonaceous plants.
Sheath"ing, n. That which
sheathes. Specifically: (a) The casing or
covering of a ship's bottom and sides; the materials for such
covering; as, copper sheathing.
(b) (Arch.) The first covering of boards
on the outside wall of a frame house or on a timber roof; also,
the material used for covering; ceiling boards in general.
Sheath"less (?), a. Without a
sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.
Sheath"-winged` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having elytra, or wing cases, as a
beetle.
Sheath"y (?), a. Forming or
resembling a sheath or case.
Sir T. Browne.
She"a tree` (?). (Bot.) An
African sapotaceous tree (Bassia, ), from the seeds of which a substance resembling
butter is obtained; the African butter tree.
<-- p. 1326 -->
Sheave (?), n. [Akin to OD.
schijve orb, disk, wheel, D. schiff, G.
scheibe, Icel. sk\'c6fa a shaving, slice;
cf. Gr. Shift, v.,
Shive.] A wheel having a groove in the rim
for a rope to work in, and set in a block, mast, or the like; the
wheel of a pulley.
Sheave hole, a channel cut in a mast, yard,
rail, or other timber, in which to fix a sheave.
Sheave, v. t. [See Sheaf of
straw.] To gather and bind into a sheaf or sheaves;
hence, to collect.
Ashmole.
Sheaved (?), a. Made of
straw. [Obs.]
Shak.
Sheb"an*der (?), n. [Per.
sh\'behbandar.] A harbor master, or ruler
of a port, in the East Indies. [Written also
shebunder.]
She*bang" (?), n. [Cf.
Shebeen.] A jocosely depreciative name for a
dwelling or shop. [Slang,U.S.]
She*been" (?), n. [Of Irish
origin; cf. Ir. seapa a shop.] A low public
house; especially, a place where spirits and other excisable
liquors are illegally and privately sold.
[Ireland]<-- in the 1920's, termed a speakeasy -->
She*chi"nah (?), n. See
Shekinah.
Sheck"la*ton (?), n. [Cf.
Ciclatoun.] A kind of gilt leather. See
Checklaton. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Shed (?), n. [The same word as
shade. See Shade.] A slight or
temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a
structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut; as, a
wagon shed; a wood shed.
The first Aletes born in lowly shed.
Fairfax.
Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel.
Sandys.
Shed, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shedding.] [OE. scheden,
sch, to pour, to part, AS. sc\'bedan,
sce\'a0dan, to pert, to separate; akin to OS.
sk, OFries. skscheiden,
OHG. sceidan, Goth. skaidan, and probably
to Lith. sk\'89du I part, separate, L.
scindere to cleave, to split, Gr. chid, and perch. also to L. caedere to cut.
Chisel, Concise,
Schism, Sheading, Sheath,
Shide.] 1. To separate; to
divide. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
Robert of Brunne.
2. To part with; to throw off or give forth from
one's self; to emit; to diffuse; to cause to emanate or flow; to
pour forth or out; to spill; as, the sun sheds
light; she shed tears; the clouds shed
rain.
Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood?
Shak.
Twice seven consenting years have shed
Their utmost bounty on thy head.
Wordsworth.
3. To let fall; to throw off, as a natural covering
of hair, feathers, shell; to cast; as, fowls shed
their feathers; serpents shed their skins; trees
shed leaves.
4. To cause to flow off without penetrating;
as, a tight roof, or covering of oiled cloth, sheeds
water.
5. To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover.
[R.] \'bdHer hair . . . is shed with
gray.\'b8
B. Jonson.
6. (Weaving) To divide, as the warp
threads, so as to form a shed, or passageway, for the
shuttle.
Shed, v. i. 1. To fall in
drops; to pour. [Obs.]
Such a rain down from the welkin shadde.
Chaucer.
2. To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to
throw off a covering or envelope.
White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and
black as they stand.
Mortimer.
Shed, n. 1. A parting; a
separation; a division. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
They say also that the manner of making the shed of
newwedded wives' hair with the iron head of a javelin came up
then likewise.
Sir T. North.
2. The act of shedding or spilling; -- used only in
composition, as in bloodshed.
3. That which parts, divides, or sheds; -- used in
composition, as in watershed.
4. (Weaving) The passageway between the
threads of the warp through which the shuttle is thrown, having a
sloping top and bottom made by raising and lowering the alternate
threads.
Shed"der (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, sheds; as, a shedder of
blood; a shedder of tears.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A crab in the act of
casting its shell, or immediately afterwards while still soft; --
applied especially to the edible crabs, which are most prized
while in this state.
Shed"ding (?), n. 1.
The act of shedding, separating, or casting off or out;
as, the shedding of blood.
2. That which is shed, or cast off.
[R.]
Wordsworth.
{ Shel"fa (?), Shil"fa
(?) }, n. (Zo\'94l.)
The chaffinch; -- so named from its call note.
[Prov. Eng.]
Sheel"ing (?), n. [Icel.
skj a shelter, a cover; akin to Dan. & Sw.
skjul.] A hut or small cottage in an
expessed or a retired place (as on a mountain or at the seaside)
such as is used by shepherds, fishermen, sportsmen, etc.; a
summer cottage; also, a shed. [Written also
sheel, shealing, sheiling,
etc.] [Scot.]
Sheel"y (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Sheelfa.
Sheen (?), a. [OE.
sehene, AS. sci\'82ne, sc,
sc, splendid, beautiful; akin to OFries.
sk, sk, OS. sc,
D. schoon, G. sch\'94n, OHG.
sc, Goth, skanus, and E.
shew; the original meaning being probably, visible,
worth seeing. It is not akin to E. shine. See
Shew, v. t.] Bright; glittering;
radiant; fair; showy; sheeny. [R., except in
poetry.]
This holy maiden, that is so bright and sheen.
Chaucer.
Up rose each warrier bold and brave,
Glistening in filed steel and armor sheen.
Fairfax.
Sheen, v. i. To shine; to glisten.
[Poetic]
This town,
That, sheening far, celestial seems to be.
Byron.
Sheen, n. Brightness; splendor;
glitter. \'bdThroned in celestial sheen.\'b8
Milton.
Sheen""ly, adv. Brightly.
[R.]
Mrs. Browning.
Sheen"y (?), a. Bright;
shining; radiant; sheen. \'bdA sheeny summer
morn.\'b8
Tennyson.
Sheep (?), n. sing. & pl. [OE.
shep, scheep, AS. sc,
sce\'a0p; akin to OFries. sk, LG. & D.
schaap, G. schaf, OHG. sc\'bef,
Skr. ch\'bega. Sheepherd.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of several species of ruminants of the genus
Ovis, native of the higher mountains of both
hemispheres, but most numerous in Asia.
Ovis aries) varies
much in size, in the length and texture of its wool, the form and
size of its horns, the length of its tail, etc. It was
domesticated in prehistoric ages, and many distinct breeds have
been produced; as the merinos, celebrated for their fine wool;
the Cretan sheep, noted for their long horns; the fat-tailed, or
Turkish, sheep, remarkable for the size and fatness of the tail,
which often has to be supported on trucks; the Southdowns, in
which the horns are lacking; and an Asiatic breed which always
has four horns.
2. A weak, bashful, silly fellow.
Ainsworth.
3. pl. Fig.: The people of God, as
being under the government and protection of Christ, the great
Shepherd.
Rocky mountain sheep.(Zo\'94l.) See
Bighorn. -- Maned sheep.
(Zo\'94l.) See Aoudad. -- Sheep
bot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the sheep
botfly. See Estrus. -- Sheep dog
(Zo\'94l.), a shepherd dog, or collie. --
Sheep laurel (Bot.), a small North
American shrub (Kalmia angustifolia) with deep
rose-colored flowers in corymbs. -- Sheep pest
(Bot.), an Australian plant (Ac\'91na
ovina) related to the burnet. The fruit is covered with
barbed spines, by which it adheres to the wool of sheep. --
Sheep run, an extensive tract of country where
sheep range and graze. -- Sheep's beard
(Bot.), a cichoraceous herb (Urospermum
Dalechampii) of Southern Europe; -- so called from the
conspicuous pappus of the achenes. -- Sheep's
bit (Bot.), a European herb (Jasione
montana) having much the appearance of scabious. --
Sheep pox (Med.), a contagious disease
of sheep, characterixed by the development of vesicles or pocks
upon the skin. -- Sheep scabious.
(Bot.) Same as Sheep's bit. --
Sheep shears, shears in which the blades form the
two ends of a steel bow, by the elasticity of which they open as
often as pressed together by the hand in cutting; -- so called
because used to cut off the wool of sheep. -- Sheep
sorrel. (Bot.), a prerennial herb
(Rumex Acetosella) growing naturally on poor, dry,
gravelly soil. Its leaves have a pleasant acid taste like
sorrel. -- Sheep's-wool (Zo\'94l.),
the highest grade of Florida commercial sponges (Spongia
equina, variety gossypina). -- Sheep
tick (Zo\'94l.), a wingless parasitic insect
(Melophagus ovinus) belonging to the Diptera. It fixes
its proboscis in the skin of the sheep and sucks the blood,
leaving a swelling. Called also sheep pest,
and sheep louse. -- Sheep
walk, a pasture for sheep; a sheep run. --
Wild sheep. (Zo\'94l.) See
Argali, Mouflon, and
O\'94rial.
Sheep"back` (?), n.
(Geol.) A rounded knoll of rock resembling the
back of a sheep. -- produced by glacial action. Called also
roche moutonn\'82e; -- usually in the
plural.
Sheep"ber`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) The edible fruit of a small North American
tree of the genus Viburnum (V. Lentago),
having white flowers in flat cymes; also, the tree itself. Called
also nannyberry.
Sheep"bite` (?), v. i. To bite
or nibble like a sheep; hence, to practice petty thefts.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Sheep"bit`er (?), n. One who
practices petty thefts. [Obs.]
Shak.
There are political sheepbiters as well as
pastoral; betrayers of public trusts as well as of private.
L'Estrange.
{ Sheep"cot` (?), Sheep"cote`
(?), } n. A small inclosure for
sheep; a pen; a fold.
Sheep"-faced` (?), a.
Over-bashful; sheepish.
Sheep"fold` (?), n. A fold or
pen for sheep; a place where sheep are collected or
confined.
Sheep"-head`ed (?), a. Silly;
simple-minded; stupid.
Taylor (1630)
Sheep"hook` (?), n. A hook
fastened to pole, by which shepherds lay hold on the legs or
necks of their sheep; a shepherd's crook.
Dryden.
Sheep"ish, a. 1. Of or
pertaining to sheep. [Obs.]
2. Like a sheep; bashful; over-modest; meanly or
foolishly diffident; timorous to excess.
Wanting change of company, he will, when he comes abroad, be a
sheepish or conceited creature.
Locke.
-- Sheep"ish*ly, adv. --
Sheep"ish*ness, n.
Sheep"mas`ter (?), n. A keeper
or feeder of sheep; also, an owner of sheep.
2 Kings iii. 4.
Sheep"rack` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The starling.
Sheep's"-eye` (?), n. A modest,
diffident look; a loving glance; -- commonly in the plural.
I saw her just now give him the languishing eye, as they call
it; . . . of old called the sheep's-eye.
Wycherley.
Sheep's-foot` (?), n. A
printer's tool consisting of a metal bar formed into a hammer
head at one end and a claw at the other, -- used as a lever and
hammer.
Sheep"shank` (?), n.
(Naut.) A hitch by which a rope may be
temporarily shortened.
Sheeps"head` (, n. [So
called because of the fancied resemblance of its head and front
teeth to those of a sheep.] (Zo\'94l.) A
large and valuable sparoid food fish (Archosargus, ) found on the Atlantic coast of
the United States. It often weighs from ten to twelve
pounds.
Sheep"-shear`er (?), n. One who
shears, or cuts off the wool from, sheep.
Sheep"-shear`ing (?), n. 1.
Act of shearing sheep.
2. A feast at the time of sheep-shearing.
Shak.
Sheep"skin` (?), n. 1.
The skin of a sheep; or, leather prepared from it.
2. A diploma; -- so called because usually written
or printed on parchment prepared from the skin of the
sheep. [College Cant]
Sheep"split` (?), n. A split of
a sheepskin; one of the thin sections made by splitting a
sheepskin with a cutting knife or machine.
Sheep"y (?), a. Resembling
sheep; sheepish.
Testament of Love.
Sheer (?), a. [OE.
shere, skere, pure, bright, Icel.
sk; akin to sk\'c6rr, AS.
sc\'c6r, OS. sk\'c6ri, MHG.
sch\'c6r, G. schier, Dan.
sk, Sw. sk\'84r, Goth.
skeirs clear, and E. shine. Shine, v. i.] 1. Bright;
clear; pure; unmixed. \'bdSheer ale.\'b8
Shak.
Thou sheer, immaculate, and silver fountain.
Shak.
2. Very thin or transparent; -- applied to fabrics;
as, sheer muslin.
3. Being only what it seems to be; obvious; simple;
mere; downright; as, sheer folly; sheer
nonsense. \'bdA sheer impossibility.\'b8
De Quincey.
It is not a sheer advantage to have several strings
to one's bow.
M. Arnold.
4. Stright up and down; vertical;
prpendicular.
A sheer precipice of a thousand feet.
J. D. Hooker.
It was at least
Nine roods of sheer ascent.
Wordsworth.
Sheer, adv. Clean; quite; at once.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Sheer, v. t. [See Shear.]
To shear. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Sheer, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Sheered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sheering.] [D.
sheren to shear, cut, withdraw, warp. See
Shear.] To decline or deviate from the line
of the proper course; to turn aside; to swerve; as, a ship
sheers from her course; a horse sheers at a
bicycle.
To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a
distance; to move away. -- To sheer up, to
approach obliquely.
Sheer, n. 1. (Naut.)
(a) The longitudinal upward curvature of the deck,
gunwale, and lines of a vessel, as when viewed from the
side. (b) The position of a vessel riding at
single anchor and swinging clear of it.
2. A turn or change in a course.
Give the canoe a sheer and get nearer to the
shore.
Cooper.
3. pl. Shears See
Shear.
Sheer batten (Shipbuilding), a long
strip of wood to guide the carpenters in following the sheer
plan. -- Sheer boom, a boom slanting across a
stream to direct floating logs to one side. -- Sheer
hulk. See Shear hulk, under
Hulk. -- Sheer plan, Sheer draught (Shipbuilding), a
projection of the lines of a vessel on a vertical longitudinal
plane passing through the middle line of the vessel. --
Sheer pole (Naut.), an iron rod lashed
to the shrouds just above the dead-eyes and parallel to the
ratlines. -- Sheer strake
(Shipbuilding), the strake under the gunwale on
the top side. Totten. -- To break sheer
(Naut.), to deviate from sheer, and risk fouling
the anchor.
Sheer"ly (?), adv. At once;
absolutely. [Obs.]
Sheer"wa`ter (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The shearwater.
Sheet (?), n. [OE.
shete, schete, AS. sc,
sc, fr. sce\'a0t a projecting corner,
a fold in a garment (akin to D. schoot sheet, bosom,
lap, G. schoss bosom, lap, flap of a coat, Icel.
skaut, Goth. skauts the hem of a garment);
originally, that which shoots out, from the root of AS.
sce\'a2tan to shoot. Shoot,
v. t.] In general, a large, broad piece of
anything thin, as paper, cloth, etc.; a broad, thin portion of
any substance; an expanded superficies. Specifically:
(a) A broad piece of cloth, usually linen or
cotton, used for wrapping the body or for a covering; especially,
one used as an article of bedding next to the body.
He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened, and a certain
vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great
sheet knit at the four corners.
Acts x. 10, 11.
If I do die before thee, prithee, shroud me
In one of those same sheets.
Shak.
(b) A broad piece of paper, whether folded or
unfolded, whether blank or written or printed upon; hence, a
letter; a newspaper, etc. (c) A single
signature of a book or a pamphlet; in pl., the book
itself.
To this the following sheets are intended for a
full and distinct answer.
Waterland.
(d) A broad, thinly expanded portion of metal or
other substance; as, a sheet of copper, of glass, or
the like; a plate; a leaf. (e) A broad
expanse of water, or the like. \'bdThe two beautiful
sheets of water.\'b8 Macaulay. (f)
A sail. Dryden. (g)
(Geol.) An extensive bed of an eruptive rock
intruded between, or overlying, other strata.
2. [AS. sce\'a0ta. See the Etymology
above.] (Naut.) (a) A rope or
chain which regulates the angle of adjustment of a sail in
relation in relation to the wind; -- usually attached to the
lower corner of a sail, or to a yard or a boom.
(b) pl. The space in the forward or
the after part of a boat where there are no rowers; as, fore
sheets; stern sheets.
Sheet is often used adjectively, or in
combination, to denote that the substance to the name of which it
is prefixed is in the form of sheets, or thin plates or leaves;
as, sheet brass, or sheet-brass;
sheet glass, or sheet-glass;
sheet gold, or sheet-gold; sheet iron, or
sheet-iron, etc.
A sheet in the wind, half drunk.
[Sailors' Slang] -- Both sheets in the
wind, very drunk. [Sailors' Slang] --
In sheets, lying flat or expanded; not folded, or
folded but not bound; -- said especially of printed sheets.
-- Sheet bend (Naut.), a bend or hitch
used for temporarily fastening a rope to the bight of another
rope or to an eye. -- Sheet lightning,
Sheet piling, etc. See under
Lightning, Piling, etc.
<-- Three sheets to the wind, very drunk (now more common than
"both sheets in the wind" -->
Sheet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Sheeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sheeting.] 1. To furnish with
a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a sheet, or as with
a sheet. \'bdThe sheeted dead.\'b8 \'bdWhen snow
the pasture sheets.\'b8
Shak.
<-- p. 1327 -->
2. To expand, as a sheet.
The star shot flew from the welkin blue,
As it fell from the sheeted sky.
J. R. Drake.
To sheet home (Naut.), to haul upon
a sheet until the sail is as flat, and the clew as near the wind,
as possible.
Sheet" an"chor (?). [OE.
scheten to shoot, AS. sce\'a2tan; cf. OE.
shoot anchor. See Shoot, v.
t.] 1. (Naut.) A large
anchor stowed on shores outside the waist of a vessel; -- called
also waist anchor. See the Note under
Anchor.
2. Anything regarded as a sure support or
dependence in danger; the best hope or refuge.
Sheet" ca"ble (?). (Naut.) The
cable belonging to the sheet anchor.
Sheet" chain" (?). (Naut.) A
chain sheet cable.
Sheet"ful (?), n.; pl.
Sheetfuls (. Enough to fill a
sheet; as much as a sheet can hold.
Sheet"ing, n. 1. Cotton or
linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is sometimes made of
double width.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A lining of planks
or boards (rarely of metal) for protecting an embankment.
3. The act or process of forming into sheets, or
flat pieces; also, material made into sheets.
\'d8Sheik (?), n. [Ar.
sheikh, shaykh, a venerable old man, a
chief, fr. sh\'bekha to grow or be old.]
The head of an Arab family, or of a clan or a tribe; also,
the chief magistrate of an Arab village. The name is also applied
to Mohammedan ecclesiastics of a high grade.
[Written also scheik, shaik,
sheikh.]
{ Shell (?), Shell"ing, }
n. See Sheeling.
Shek"el (?), n. [Heb.
shegel, fr. sh\'begal to weigh.]
1. An ancient weight and coin used by the Jews and
by other nations of the same stock.
2. pl. A jocose term for
money.
She*ki"nah (?), n. [Heb Talmud
shek\'c6n\'beh, fr. sh\'bekan to
inhabit.] The visible majesty of the Divine Presence,
especially when resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the
mercy seat, in the Tabernacle, or in the Temple of Solomon; -- a
term used in the Targums and by the later Jews, and adopted by
Christians. [Written also
Shechinah.]
Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)
Sheld (?), a. [OE., fr.
sheld a shield, probably in allusion to the
ornamentation of shields. See Shield.]
Variegated; spotted; speckled; piebald. [Prov.
Eng.]
{ Sheld"a*fle (?), Sheld"a*ple
(?), } n. [Perhaps for sheld
dapple. Cf. Sheldrake.]
(Zo\'94l.) A chaffinch. [Written
also sheldapple, and shellapple.]
Sheld"fowl` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The common sheldrake.
[Prov. Eng.]
Shel"drake` (?), n.
[Sheld + drake.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large
Old World ducks of the genus Tadorna and allied
genera, especially the European and Asiatic species. (T.
cornuta, ), which somewhat resembles a goose in
form and habit, but breeds in burrows.
shelduck,
shellduck, sheldfowl,
skeelduck, bergander,
burrow duck, and links
goose.
Tadorna radja)
has the head, neck, breast, flanks, and wing coverts white, the
upper part of the back and a band on the breast deep chestnut,
and the back and tail black. The chestnut sheldrake of Australia
(Casarca tadornoides) is varied with black and
chestnut, and has a dark green head and neck. The ruddy
sheldrake, or Braminy duck (C. rutila), and the
white-winged sheldrake (C. leucoptera), are related
Asiatic species.
2. Any one of the American mergansers.
Shel"duck` (?), n.
[Sheld variegated + duck.]
(Zo\'94l.) The sheldrake. [Written
also shellduck.]
Shelf (?), n.; pl.
Shelves (#). [OE.
shelfe, schelfe, AS. scylfe;
akin to G. schelfe, Icel. skj\'belf. In
senses 2 & 3, perhaps a different word (cf. Shelve,
v. i.).] 1. (Arch.) A
flat tablet or ledge of any material set horizontally at a
distance from the floor, to hold objects of use or
ornament.
2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of
rocks, rendering the water shallow, and dangerous to ships.
On the tawny sands and shelves.
Milton.
On the secret shelves with fury cast.
Dryden.
3. (Mining) A stratum lying in a very
even manner; a flat, projecting layer of rock.
4. (Naut.) A piece of timber running the
whole length of a vessel inside the timberheads.
D. Kemp.
To lay on the shelf, to lay aside as
unnecessary or useless; to dismiss; to discard.
Shelf"y (?), a. 1.
Abounding in shelves; full of dangerous shallows.
\'bdA shelfy coast.\'b8
Dryden.
2. Full of strata of rock.
[Obs.]
The tillable fields are in some places . . . so
shelfy that the corn hath much ado to fasten its
root.
Carew.
Shell (?), n. [OE.
shelle, schelle, AS. scell,
scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel.
skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E.
skill. Cf. Scale of fishes, Shale,
Skill.] 1. A hard outside covering,
as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a)
The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a hazelnut
shell. (b) A pod.
(c) The hard covering of an egg.
Think him as a serpent's egg, . . .
And kill him in the shell.
Shak.
(d) (Zo\'94l.) The hard calcareous or
chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some
other invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the cuttlefishes, it is
internal, or concealed by the mantle. Also, the hard covering of
some vertebrates, as the armadillo, the tortoise, and the
like. (e) (Zo\'94l.) Hence, by
extension, any mollusks having such a covering.
2. (Mil.) A hollow projectile, of
various shapes, adapted for a mortar or a cannon, and containing
an explosive substance, ignited with a fuse or by percussion, by
means of which the projectile is burst and its fragments
scattered. See Bomb.
3. The case which holds the powder, or charge of
powder and shot, used with breechloading small arms.
4. Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or
exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in;
as, the shell of a house.
5. A coarse kind of coffin; also, a thin interior
coffin inclosed in a more substantial one.
Knight.
6. An instrument of music, as a lyre, -- the first
lyre having been made, it is said, by drawing strings over a
tortoise shell.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell.
Dryden.
7. An engraved copper roller used in print
works.
8. pl. The husks of cacao seeds, a
decoction of which is often used as a substitute for chocolate,
cocoa, etc.
9. (Naut.) The outer frame or case of a
block within which the sheaves revolve.
10. A light boat the frame of which is covered with
thin wood or with paper; as, a racing
shell.
Message shell, a bombshell inside of which
papers may be put, in order to convey messages. --
Shell bit, a tool shaped like a gouge, used with a
brace in boring wood. See Bit, n., 3. --
Shell button. (a) A button made of
shell. (b) A hollow button made of two pieces,
as of metal, one for the front and the other for the back, --
often covered with cloth, silk, etc. -- Shell
cameo, a cameo cut in shell instead of stone. --
Shell flower. (Bot.) Same as
Turtlehead. -- Shell gland.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A glandular organ in which
the rudimentary shell is formed in embryonic mollusks.
(b) A glandular organ which secretes the eggshells
of various worms, crustacea, mollusks, etc. -- Shell
gun, a cannon suitable for throwing shells. --
Shell ibis (Zo\'94l.), the openbill of
India. -- Shell jacket, an undress military
jacket. -- Shell lime, lime made by burning
the shells of shellfish. -- Shell marl
(Min.), a kind of marl characterized by an
abundance of shells, or fragments of shells. -- Shell
meat, food consisting of shellfish, or testaceous
mollusks. Fuller. -- Shell mound.
See under Mound. -- Shell of a
boiler, the exterior of a steam boiler, forming a case
to contain the water and steam, often inclosing also flues and
the furnace; the barrel of a cylindrical, or locomotive,
boiler. -- Shell road, a road of which the
surface or bed is made of shells, as oyster shells. --
Shell sand, minute fragments of shells
constituting a considerable part of the seabeach in some
places.
Shell, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shelled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shelling.] 1. To
strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod,
etc.; as, to shell nuts or pease; to shell
oysters.
2. To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian
corn, wheat, oats, etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk.
3. To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to
bombard; as, to shell a town.
To shell out, to distribute freely; to bring
out or pay, as money. [Colloq.]
Shell, v. i. 1. To fall off, as
a shell, crust, etc.
2. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall
out of the pod or husk; as, nuts shell in
falling.
3. To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as,
wheat or rye shells in reaping.
{ Shell"-lac`, Shel"lac` }
(?), n. [Shell +
lac a resinous substance; cf. D. shellak,
G. schellack.] See the Note under 2d
Lac.
Shell"ap`ple, n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Sheldafle.
Shell"bark` (?), n.
(Bot.) A species of hickory (Carya
alba) whose outer bark is loose and peeling; a shagbark;
also, its nut.
Shelled (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a shell.
Shell"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, shells; as, an oyster sheller; a corn
sheller.
Shell"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic animal whose external
covering consists of a shell, either testaceous, as in oysters,
clams, and other mollusks, or crustaceous, as in lobsters and
crabs.
Shell"ing, n. Groats; hulled oats.
Simmonds.
Shell"-less, a. Having no shell.
J. Burroughs.
Shell"proof` (?), a. Capable of
resisting bombs or other shells; bombproof.
Shell"work` (?), n. Work
composed of shells, or adorned with them.
Cotgrave.
Shell"y (?), a. Abounding with
shells; consisting of shells, or of a shell. \'bdThe
shelly shore.\'b8
Prior.
Shrinks backward in his shelly cave.
Shak.
Shel"ter (?), n. [Cf. OE.
scheltrun, shiltroun,
schelltrome, scheldtrome, a guard,
squadron, AS. scildtruma a troop of men with shields;
scild shield + truma a band of men. See
Shield, n.] 1. That which
covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a protection; a
screen.
The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid,
From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade.
Pope.
2. One who protects; a guardian; a defender.
Thou [God] hast been a shelter for me.
Ps. lxi. 3.
3. The state of being covered and protected;
protection; security.
Who into shelter takes their tender bloom.
Young.
Shelter tent,a small tent made of pieces of
cotton duck arranged to button together. In field service the
soldiers carry the pieces.
Syn. -- Asylum; refuge; retreat; covert; sanctuary;
protection; defense; security.
Shel"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sheltered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sheltering.] 1. To be a
shelter for; to provide with a shelter; to cover from injury or
annoyance; to shield; to protect.
Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head.
Dryden.
You have no convents . . . in which such persons may be
received and sheltered.
Southey.
2. To screen or cover from notice; to
disguise.
In vain I strove to cheek my growing flame,
Or shelter passion under friendship's name.
Prior.
3. To betake to cover, or to a safe place; -- used
reflexively.
They sheltered themselves under a rock.
Abp. Abbot.
Shel"ter, v. i. To take shelter.
There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat,
Shelters in cool.
Milton.
Shel"ter*less, a. Destitute of shelter
or protection.
Now sad and shelterless perhaps she lies.
Rowe.
Shel"ter*y (?), a. Affording
shelter. [R.]
{ Shel"tie (?), Shel"ty
(?) }, n. A Shetland pony.
Shelve (?), v. t. 1.
To furnish with shelves; as, to shelve a closet
or a library.
2. To place on a shelf. Hence: To lay on the shelf;
to put aside; to dismiss from service; to put off indefinitely;
as, to shelve an officer; to shelve a
claim.
Shelve, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Shelved (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shelving.] [Perhapss
originally from the same source as shallow, but
influenced by shelf a ledge, a platform.]
To incline gradually; to be slopping; as, the bottom
shelves from the shore.
Shelv"ing, a. Sloping gradually;
inclining; as, a shelving shore.
Shak. \'bdShelving arches.\'b8
Addison.
Shelv"ing, n. 1. The act of
fitting up shelves; as, the job of shelving a
closet.
2. The act of laying on a shelf, or on the shelf;
putting off or aside; as, the shelving of a
claim.
3. Material for shelves; shelves,
collectively.
Shelv"y (?), a. Sloping
gradually; shelving.
The shore was shelving and shallow.
Shak.
Shem"ite (?), n. A descendant
of Shem.
{ Shem*it"ic (?), Shem"i*tish
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
Shem, the son of Noah, or his descendants. See
Semitic.
Shem"i*tism (?), n. See
Semitism.
Shend (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shent (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Shending.]
[AS. scendan to disgrace, bring to shame, from
sceand, sceond, disgrace, dishonor, shame;
akin to G. schande, Goth. skanda. See
Shame, n.] 1. To injure,
mar, spoil, or harm. [Obs.] \'bdLoss of time
shendeth us.\'b8
Chaucer.
I fear my body will be shent.
Dryden.
2. To blame, reproach, or revile; to degrade,
disgrace, or put to shame. [Archaic]
R. Browning.
The famous name of knighthood foully shend.
Spenser.
She passed the rest as Cynthia doth shend
The lesser stars.
Spenser.
Shend"ful (?), a. Destructive;
ruinous; disgraceful. [Obs.] --
Shend"ful*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Fabyan.
Shend"ship, n. Harm; ruin; also,
reproach; disgrace. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Shent (?), obs. 3d pers. sing.
pres. of Shend, for shendeth.
Chaucer.
Shent, v. t. To shend.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
She"ol (?), n. [Heb.
sh.] The place of departed spirits;
Hades; also, the grave.
For thou wilt not leave my soul to sheel.
Ps. xvi. 10. (Rev. Ver.)
Shep"en (?), n. A stable; a
shippen. [Obs.]
The shepne brenning with the blacke smoke.
Chaucer.
Shep"herd (?), n. [OE.
schepherde, schephirde, AS.
sce\'a0phyrde; sce\'a0p sheep +
hyrde, hirde, heorde, a herd, a
guardian. See Sheep, and Herd.]
1. A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding
sheep, esp. a flock grazing at large.
2. The pastor of a church; one with the religious
guidance of others.
Shepherd bird (Zo\'94l.), the
crested screamer. See Screamer. -- Shepherd
dog (Zo\'94l.), a breed of dogs used largely
for the herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as
the collie, or Scotch shepherd dog, and the English shepherd dog.
Called also shepherd's dog. --
Shepherd dog, a name of Pan. Keats.
-- Shepherd kings, the chiefs of a nomadic people
who invaded Egypt from the East in the traditional period, and
conquered it, at least in part. They were expelled after about
five hundred years, and attempts have been made to connect their
expulsion with narrative in the book of Exodus. --
Shepherd's club (Bot.), the common
mullein. See Mullein. -- Shepherd's
crook, a long staff having the end curved so as to form
a large hook, -- used by shepherds. -- Shepherd's
needle (Bot.), the lady's comb. --
Shepherd's plaid, a kind of woolen cloth of a
checkered black and white pattern. -- Shephered
spider (Zo\'94l.), a daddy longlegs, or
harvestman. -- Shepherd's pouch, Shepherd's purse (Bot.), an
annual cruciferous plant (Capsella Bursapastoris)
bearing small white flowers and pouchlike pods. See
Illust. of Silicle. --
Shepherd's rod, Shepherd's
staff (Bot.), the small
teasel.
Shep"herd, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shepherded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shepherding.] To tend as a shepherd; to
guard, herd, lead, or drive, as a shepherd.
[Poetic]
White, fleecy clouds . . .
Shepherded by the slow, unwilling wind.
Shelley.
Shep"herd*ess, n. A woman who tends
sheep; hence, a rural lass.
She put herself into the garb of a shepherdess.
Sir P. Sidney.
Shep*her"di*a (?), n.; pl.
Shepherdias (#). [NL. So called
from John Shepherd, an English botanist.]
(Bot.) A genus of shrubs having silvery scurfy
leaves, and belonging to the same family as El\'91agnus; also,
any plant of this genus. See Buffalo berry, under
Buffalo.
<-- p. 1328 -->
Shep"herd*ish (?), n.
Resembling a shepherd; suiting a shepherd; pastoral.
Sir T. Sidney.
Shep"herd*ism (?), n. Pastoral
life or occupation.
Shep"herd*ling (?), n. A little
shepherd.
Shep"herd*ly (?), a.
Resembling, or becoming to, a shepherd; pastoral;
rustic. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Shep"ster (?), n. A
seamstress. [Obs.]
Caxton.
Sher"bet (?), n. [Ar.
sherbet, shorbet, sharbat,
properly, one drink or sip, a draught, beverage, from
shariba to drink. Cf. Sorbet, Sirup,
Shrub a drink.] 1. A refreshing
drink, common in the East, made of the juice of some fruit,
diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various ways; as, orange
sherbet; lemon sherbet; raspberry
sherbet, etc.
2. A flavored water ice.
3. A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric
acid, sugar, etc., variously flavored, for making an effervescing
drink; -- called also sherbet powder.
Sherd (?), n. A fragment; --
now used only in composition, as in potsherd. See
Shard.
The thigh . . . which all in sherds it drove.
Chapman.
{ \'d8Sher"eef (?), \'d8Sher"if
(?), } n. [Ar.
sher\'c6f noble, holy, n., a prince.] A
member of an Arab princely family descended from Mohammed through
his son-in-law Ali and daughter Fatima. The Grand Shereef is the
governor of Mecca.
\'d8Sher"i*at (?), n. [Turk.
sher\'c6 'at] The sacred law of the Turkish
empire.
Sher"iff, n. [OE. shereve,
AS. sc\'c6r-ger; sc\'c6r a shire +
ger a reeve. See Shire, and Reeve, and
cf. Shrievalty.] The chief officer of a shire
or county, to whom is intrusted the execution of the laws, the
serving of judicial writs and processes, and the preservation of
the peace.
Sheriff, in Scotland, called
sheriff depute, is properly a judge, having also
certain ministerial powers. Sheriff clerk is the clerk
of the Sheriff's Court in Scotland. Sheriff's Court in
London is a tribunal having cognizance of certain personal
actions in that city.
Wharton, Tomlins. Erskine.
{ Sher"iff*al*ty (?),
Sher"iff*dom (?), Sher"iff*ry
(?), Sher"iff*ship (?),
Sher"iff*wick (?), n. }
The office or jurisdiction of sheriff. See
Shrievalty.
Shern (?), n. See
Shearn. [Obs.]
Sher"ris (?), n. Sherry.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Sher"ry (?), n. [So called from
Xeres, a Spanish town near Cadiz, x in
Spanish having been formerly pronounced like sh in
English.] A Spanish light-colored dry wine, made in
Andalusia. As prepared for commerce it is colored a straw color
or a deep amber by mixing with it cheap wine boiled down.
Sherry cobbler, a beverage prepared with
sherry wine, water, lemon or orange, sugar, ice, etc., and
usually imbided through a straw or a glass tube.
Sher"ry*val`lies (?), n. pl.
[Cf. Sp. zaraquelles wide breeches or
overalls.] Trousers or overalls of thick cloth or
leather, buttoned on the outside of each leg, and generally worn
to protect other trousers when riding on horseback.
[Local, U.S.]
Bartlett.
Shet (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. Shet. (Obs.
Shette (); p. pr.
Shet; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shetting.] To shut. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]
Chaucer.
Shete (?), v. t. & i. To
shoot. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sheth (?), n. The part of a
plow which projects downward beneath the beam, for holding the
share and other working parts; -- also called
standard, or post.
Shet"land po"ny (?). One of a small, hardy
breed of horses, with long mane and tail, which originated in the
Shetland Islands; a sheltie.
Shew (?), v. t. & i. See
Show.
Shew, n. Show. [Obs.
except in shewbread.]
Shew"bread` (?). See
Showbread.
Shew"el (?), n. A
scarecrow. [Obs.]
Trench.
Shew"er (?), n. One who shews.
See Shower.
Shewn (?), p. p. of
Shew.
Shi"ah (?), n. Same as
Shiite.
Shib"bo*leth (?), n. [Heb.
shibb an ear of corn, or a stream, a
flood.] 1. A word which was made the
criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites from the
Gileadites. The Ephraimites, not being able to pronounce
sh, called the word sibboleth. See
Judges xii.
Without reprieve, adjudged to death,
For want of well pronouncing shibboleth.
Milton.
Also in an extended sense.
The th, with its twofold value, is . . . the
shibboleth of foreigners.
Earle.
2. Hence, the criterion, test, or watchword of a
party; a party cry or pet phrase.
Shide (?), n. [OE.
shide, schide, AS. sc\'c6de;
akin to OHG. sc\'c6t, G. scheit, Icel.
sk\'c6, and E. shed, v.t.] A
thin board; a billet of wood; a splinter. [Prov.
Eng.]
Shie (?), v. t. See
Shy, to throw.
Shied (?), imp. & p. p. of
Shy.
Shiel, n. A sheeling.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Shield (?), n. [OE.
sheld, scheld, AS. scield,
scild, sceld, scyld; akin to OS.
scild, OFries. skeld, D. & G.
schild, OHG. scilt, Icel.
skj\'94ldr, Sw. sk\'94ld, Dan.
skiold, Goth. skildus; of uncertain origin.
Cf. Sheldrake.] 1. A broad piece of
defensive armor, carried on the arm, -- formerly in general use
in war, for the protection of the body. See
Buckler.
Now put your shields before your hearts and fight,
With hearts more proof than shields.
Shak.
2. Anything which protects or defends; defense;
shelter; protection. \'bdMy council is my
shield.\'b8
Shak.
3. Figuratively, one who protects or defends.
Fear not, Abram; I am thy shield, and thy exceeding
great reward.
Gen. xv. 1.
4. (Bot.) In lichens, a Hardened cup or
disk surrounded by a rim and containing the fructification, or
asci.
5. (Her.) The escutcheon or field on
which are placed the bearings in coats of arms. Cf.
Lozenge. See Illust. of
Escutcheon.
6. (Mining & Tunneling) A framework used
to protect workmen in making an adit under ground, and capable of
being pushed along as excavation progresses.
7. A spot resembling, or having the form of, a
shield. \'bdBespotted as with shields of red and
black.\'b8
Spenser.
8. A coin, the old French crown, or \'82cu, having
on one side the figure of a shield. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Shield fern (Bot.), any fern of the
genus Aspidium, in which the fructifications are
covered with shield-shaped indusia; -- called also wood
fern. See Illust. of
Indusium.
Shield (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shielded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Shielding.] [AS.
scidan, scyldan. See
Shield, n.] 1. To cover
with, or as with, a shield; to cover from danger; to defend; to
protect from assault or injury.
Shouts of applause ran ringing through the field,
To see the son the vanquished father shield.
Dryden.
A woman's shape doth shield thee.
Shak.
2. To ward off; to keep off or out.
They brought with them their usual weeds, fit to
shield the cold to which they had been inured.
Spenser.
3. To avert, as a misfortune; hence, as a
supplicatory exclamation, forbid! [Obs.]
God shield that it should so befall.
Chaucer.
God shield I should disturb devotion!
Shak.
Shield"-bear`er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, carries a shield.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any small moth of the
genus Aspidisca, whose larva makes a shieldlike
covering for itself out of bits of leaves.
Shield"drake` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A sheldrake.
Shield"less, a. Destitute of a shield,
or of protection. -- Shield"less*ly,
adv. -- Shield"less*ness,
n.
Shield"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of small burrowing snakes
of the family Uropeltid\'91, native of Ceylon and
Southern Asia. They have a small mouth which can not be
dilated.
Shiel"ing (?), n. A hut or
shelter for shepherds of fishers. See Sheeling.
[Scot.]
Shift (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shifted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Shifting.] [OE.
shiften, schiften, to divide, change,
remove. AS. sciftan to divide; akin to LG. & D.
schiften to divide, distinguish, part Icel.
skipta to divide, to part, to shift, to change, Dan
skifte, Sw. skifta, and probably to Icel.
sk\'c6fa to cut into slices, as n., a slice, and to E.
shive, sheave, n., shiver,
n.] 1. To divide; to distribute; to
apportion. [Obs.]
To which God of his bounty would shift
Crowns two of flowers well smelling.
Chaucer.
2. To change the place of; to move or remove from
one place to another; as, to shift a burden from one
shoulder to another; to shift the blame.
Hastily he schifte him[self].
Piers Plowman.
Pare saffron between the two St. Mary's days,
Or set or go shift it that knowest the ways.
Tusser.
3. To change the position of; to alter the bearings
of; to turn; as, to shift the helm or
sails.
Carrying the oar loose, [they] shift it hither and
thither at pleasure.
Sir W. Raleigh.
4. To exchange for another of the same class; to
remove and to put some similar thing in its place; to change;
as, to shift the clothes; to shift the
scenes.
I would advise you to shift a shirt.
Shak.
5. To change the clothing of; -- used
reflexively. [Obs.]
As it were to ride day and night; and . . . not to have
patience to shift me.
Shak.
6. To put off or out of the way by some
expedient. \'bdI shifted him away.\'b8
Shak.
To shift off, to delay; to defer; to put off;
to lay aside. -- To shift the scene, to
change the locality or the surroundings, as in a play or a
story.
Shift the scene for half an hour;
Time and place are in thy power.
Swift.
Shiff, v. i. 1. To divide; to
distribute. [Obs.]
Some this, some that, as that him liketh shift.
Chaucer.
2. To make a change or changes; to change position;
to move; to veer; to substitute one thing for another; -- used in
the various senses of the transitive verb.
The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon.
Shak.
Here the Baillie shifted and fidgeted about in his
seat.
Sir W. Scott.
3. To resort to expedients for accomplishing a
purpose; to contrive; to manage.
Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their
companions to schift as well as they can.
L'Estrange.
4. To practice indirect or evasive methods.
All those schoolmen, though they were exceeding witty, yet
better teach all their followers to shift, than to
resolve by their distinctions.
Sir W. Raleigh.
5. (Naut.) To slip to one side of a
ship, so as to destroy the equilibrum; -- said of ballast or
cargo; as, the cargo shifted.
Shift (?), n. [Cf. Icel
skipti. See Shift, v. t.]
1. The act of shifting. Specifically:
(a) The act of putting one thing in the place of
another, or of changing the place of a thing; change;
substitution.
My going to Oxford was not merely for shift of
air.
Sir H. Wotton.
(b) A turning from one thing to another; hence, an
expedient tried in difficalty; often, an evasion; a trick; a
fraud. \'bdReduced to pitiable shifts.\'b8
Macaulay.
I 'll find a thousand shifts to get away.
Shak.
Little souls on little shifts rely.
Dryden.
2. Something frequently shifted; especially, a
woman's under-garment; a chemise.
3. The change of one set of workmen for another;
hence, a spell, or turn, of work; also, a set of workmen who work
in turn with other sets; as, a night
shift.
4. In building, the extent, or arrangement, of the
overlapping of plank, brick, stones, etc., that are placed in
courses so as to break joints.
5. (Mining) A breaking off and
dislocation of a seam; a fault.
6. (Mus.) A change of the position of
the hand on the finger board, in playing the violin.
To make shift, to contrive or manage in an
exigency. \'bdI shall make shift to go without
him.\'b8
Shak.
[They] made a shift to keep their own in
Ireland.
Milton.
Shift"a*ble (?), a. Admitting
of being shifted.
Shift"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, shifts; one who plays tricks or
practices artifice; a cozener.
'T was such a shifter that, if truth were known,
Death was half glad when he had got him down.
Milton.
2. (Naut.) An assistant to the ship's
cook in washing, steeping, and shifting the salt
provisions.
3. (Mach.) (a) An arrangement
for shifting a belt sidewise from one pulley to another.
(b) (Knitting Mach.) A wire for changing
a loop from one needle to another, as in narrowing, etc.
Shift"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being shifty.
Diplomatic shiftiness and political
versatility.
J. A. Syminds.
Shift"ing, a. 1. Changing in
place, position, or direction; varying; variable; fickle; as,
shifting winds; shifting opinions or
principles.
2. Adapted or used for shifting anything.
Shifting backstays (Naut.),
temporary stays that have to be let go whenever the vessel
tacks or jibes. -- Shifting ballast, ballast
which may be moved from one side of a vessel to another as safety
requires. -- Shifting center. See
Metacenter. -- Shifting locomotive.
See Switching engine, under
Switch.
Shift"ing*ly, adv. In a shifting
manner.
Shift"less, a. Destitute of expedients,
or not using successful expedients; characterized by failure,
especially by failure to provide for one's own support, through
negligence or incapacity; hence, lazy; improvident; thriftless;
as, a shiftless fellow; shiftless
management. -- Shift"less*ly,
adv. -- Shift"less*ness,
n.
Shift"y (?), a. Full of, or
ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or contrivance.
Wright.
Shifty and thrifty as old Greek or modern Scot,
there were few things he could not invent, and perhaps nothing he
could not endure.
C. Kingsley.
{ Shi"ite (?), Shi"ah
(?) }, n. [Ar.
sh\'c6'a\'c6a follower of the sect of Ali, fr.
sh\'c6'at, sh\'c6'ah, a multitude following
one another in pursuit of the same object, the sect of Ali, fr.
sh\'be'a to follow.] A member of that
branch of the Mohammedans to which the Persians belong. They
reject the first three caliphs, and consider Ali as being the
first and only rightful successor of Mohammed. They do not
acknowledge the Sunna, or body of traditions respecting Mohammed,
as any part of the law, and on these accounts are treated as
heretics by the Sunnites, or orthodox Mohammedans.
{ Shi*ka"ree, \'d8Shi*ka"ri }
(?) n. [Hind.] A
sportsman; esp., a native hunter. [India]
Shilf (?), n. [CF. G.
shilf sedge.] Straw.
[Obs.]
Shill (?), v. t. To
shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shill, v. t. [Cf. Sheal.]
To put under cover; to sheal. [Prov.ng.]
Brockett.
{ Shil*la"lah, Shil*le"lah }
(?), n. An oaken sapling or cudgel; any
cudgel; -- so called from Shillelagh, a place in
Ireland of that name famous for its oaks.
[Irish] [Written also shillaly,
and shillely.]
Shil"ling (?), n. [OE.
shilling, schilling, AS.
scilling; akin to D. schelling, OS. & OHG.
scilling, G. schilling, Sw. & Dan.
skilling, Icel. skillingr, Goth.
skilliggs, and perh. to OHG. scellan to
sound, G. schallen.] 1. A silver
coin, and money of account, of Great Britain and its
dependencies, equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a
pound, equivalent to about twenty-four cents of the United States
currency.
2. In the United States, a denomination of money,
differing in value in different States. It is not now legally
recognized.
Am. Cyc.
<-- p. 1329 -->
3. The Spanish real, of the value of one eight of a
dollar, or 12
York shilling. Same as Shilling,
3.
{ Shill"-I-shall`-I (?),
Shil"ly-shal`ly, } adv. [A
reduplication of shall I.] In an
irresolute, undecided, or hesitating manner.
I am somewhat dainty in making a resolution, because when I
make it, I keep it; I don't stand shill-I-shall-I
then; if I say 't, I'll do 't.
Congreve.
Shil"ly-shal`ly, v. i. To hesitate; to
act in an irresolute manner; hence, to occupy one's self with
trifles.
Shil"ly-shal`ly, n. Irresolution;
hesitation; also, occupation with trifles.
She lost not one of her forty-five minutes in picking and
choosing, -- no shilly-shally in Kate.
De Quincey.
Shi"loh (sh\'c6\'b6l\'d3), n.
[Heb. sh\'c6l\'d3h, literally, quiet, rest, fr.
sh\'bel\'beh to rest.] (Script.)
A word used by Jacob on his deathbed, and interpreted
variously, as \'bdthe Messiah,\'b8 or as the city \'bdShiloh,\'b8
or as \'bdRest.\'b8
Shi"ly (?), adv. See
Shyly.
Shim (?), n. 1. A kind
of shallow plow used in tillage to break the ground, and clear it
of weeds.
2. (Mach.) A thin piece of metal placed
between two parts to make a fit.
Shim"mer (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Shimmered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shimmering.] [OE. schimeren,
AS. scimerian; akin to sc\'c6mian,
sc\'c6man, to glitter, D. schemeren, G.
schimmern, Dan. skimre, Sw.
skimra, AS. sc\'c6ma a light, brightness,
Icel. sk\'c6ma, Goth. skeima a torch, a
lantern, and E. shine. Shine,
v. i.] To shine with a tremulous or
intermittent light; to shine faintly; to gleam; to glisten; to
glimmer.
The shimmering glimpses of a stream.
Tennyson.
Shim"mer, n. A faint, tremulous light; a
gleaming; a glimmer.
TWo silver lamps, fed with perfumed oil, diffused . . . a
trembling twilight-seeming shimmer through the quiet
apartment.
Sir W. Scott.
Shim"mer*ing, n. A gleam or
glimmering. \'bdA little shimmering of a
light.\'b8
Chaucer.
Shim"my (?), n. A
chemise. [Colloq.]
Shin (?), n. [OE.
shine, schine, AS. scina; akin to D.
scheen, OHG. scina, G. schiene,
schienbein, Dan. skinnebeen, Sw.
skenben. Cf. Chine.] 1.
The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of
the shin bone; the lower part of the leg; the shank. \'bdOn
his shin.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. (Railbroad) A fish plate for
rails.
Knight.
Shin bone (Anat.), the tibia.
-- Shin leaf (Bot.), a perennial
ericaceous herb (Pyrola elliptica) with a cluster of
radical leaves and a raceme of greenish white flowers.
Shin, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Shinned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shinning.] 1. To
climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it
alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs,
or the like; -- used with up; as, to shin
up a mast. [Slang]
<-- now usu. shinny -->
2. To run about borrowing money hastily and
temporarily, as for the payment of one's notes at the bank.
[Slang, U.S.]
Bartlett.
Shin, v. t. To climb (a pole, etc.) by
shinning up. [Slang]
Shin"dle (?), n. [See 2d
Shingle.] A shingle; also, a slate for
roofing. [Obs.]
Holland.
Shin"dle, v. t. To cover or roof with
shindles. [Obs.]
Shin"dy (?), n.; pl.
Shindies (#). [Etymol. uncertain;
cf. Shinney, Shinty.] 1. An
uproar or disturbance; a spree; a row; a riot.
[Slang]
Thackeray.
2. Hockey; shinney.
Bartlett.
3. A fancy or liking. [Local, U.
S.]
Bartlett.
Shine (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Shone ( (archaic Shined
(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shining.] [OE. shinen,
schinen, AS. sc\'c6nan; akin to D.
schijnen, OFries. sk\'c6na, OS. & OHG.
sc\'c6nan, G. scheinen,
Icel.sk\'c6na, Sw. skina, Dan.
skinne, Goth. skeinan, and perh. to Gr.
Sheer pure, and
Shimmer.] 1. To emit rays of light;
to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit
brightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day;
the moon shines by night.
Hyperion's quickening fire doth shine.
Shak.
God, who commanded the light to shine out of
darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light
of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus
Cghrist.
2 Cor. iv. 6.
Let thine eyes shine forth in their full
luster.
Denham.
2. To be bright by reflection of light; to gleam;
to be glossy; as, to shine like polished
silver.
3. To be effulgent in splendor or beauty.
\'bdSo proud she shined in her princely state.\'b8
Spenser.
Once brightest shined this child of heat and
air.
Pope.
4. To be eminent, conspicuous, or distinguished; to
exhibit brilliant intellectual powers; as, to shine
in courts; to shine in conversation.
Few are qualified to shine in company; but it in
most men's power to be agreeable.
Swift.
To make, cause, the
face to shine upon, to be propitious to; to be
gracious to.
Num. vi. 25.
Shine, v. t. 1. To cause to
shine, as a light. [Obs.]
He [God] doth not rain wealth, nor shine honor and
virtues, upon men equally.
Bacon.
2. To make bright; to cause to shine by reflected
light; as, in hunting, to shine the eyes of a deer
at night by throwing a light on them. [U.
S.]
Bartlett.
Shine, n. 1. The quality or
state of shining; brightness; luster, gloss; polish; sheen.
Now sits not girt with taper's holy shine.
Milton.
Fair opening to some court's propitious shine.
Pope.
The distant shine of the celestial city.
Hawthorne.
2. Sunshine; fair weather.
Be it fair or foul, or rain or shine.
Dryden.
3. A liking for a person; a fancy.
[Slang, U.S.]
4. Caper; antic; row. [Slang]
To cut up shines, to play pranks.
[Slang, U.S.]
Shine (?), a. [AS.
sc\'c6n. See Shine, v. i.]
Shining; sheen. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Shin"er (?), n. That which
shines. Specifically: (a) A luminary.
(b) A bright piece of money.
[Slang]
Has she the shiners, d' ye think?
Foote.
<-- [Colloq.] A bruised eye; a black eye. -->
(c) (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of small freshwater American cyprinoid fishes, belonging
to Notropis, or Minnilus, and allied
genera; as the redfin (Notropis megalops), and the
golden shiner (Notemigonus chrysoleucus) of
the Eastern United States; also loosely applied to various other
silvery fishes, as the dollar fish, or horsefish, menhaden,
moonfish, sailor's choice, and the sparada. (d)
(Zo\'94l.) The common Lepisma, or furniture
bug.
Blunt-nosed shiner (Zo\'94l.), the
silver moonfish.
Shi"ness (?), n. See
Shyness.
Shin"gle (?), n. [Prob. from
Norw. singl, singling, coarse gravel, small
round stones.] (Geol.) Round, water-worn,
and loose gravel and pebbles, or a collection of roundish stones,
such as are common on the seashore and elsewhere.
Shin"gle, n. [OE. shingle,
shindle, fr. L. scindula,
scandula; cf. scindere to cleave, to split,
E. shed, v.t., Gr. 1. A piece of wood sawed
or rived thin and small, with one end thinner than the other, --
used in covering buildings, especially roofs, the thick ends of
one row overlapping the thin ends of the row below.
I reached St. Asaph, . . . where there is a very poor
cathedral church covered with shingles or tiles.
Ray.
2. A sign for an office or a shop; as, to hang
out one's shingle. [Jocose, U.
S.]
Shingle oak (Bot.), a kind of oak
(Quercus imbricaria) used in the Western States for
making shingles.
Shin"gle, v. t. [imp. &. p.
p. Shingled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shingling (?).]
1. To cover with shingles; as, to
shingle a roof.
They shingle their houses with it.
Evelyn.
2. To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly
exposed all over the head, as shingles on a roof.
Shin"gle, v. t. To subject to the
process of shindling, as a mass of iron from the pudding
furnace.
Shin"gler (?), n. 1.
One who shingles.
2. A machine for shingling puddled iron.
Shin"gles (?), n. [OF.
cengle a girth, F. sangle, fr. L.
cingulum a girdle, fr. cingere to gird. Cf.
Cincture, Cingle, Surcingle.]
(Med.) A kind of herpes (Herpes
zoster) which spreads half way around the body like a
girdle, and is usually attended with violent neuralgic
pain.
Shin"gling (?), n. 1.
The act of covering with shingles; shingles, collectively; a
covering made of shingles.
2. (Metal) The process of expelling
scori\'91 and other impurities by hammering and squeezing, in the
production of wrought iron.
Shingling hammer, a ponderous hammer moved by
machinery, used in shingling puddled iron. -- Shingling
mill, a mill or forge where puddled iron is
shingled.
Shin"gly (?), a. Abounding with
shingle, or gravel.
Shin"hop`ple (?), n. The
hobblebush.
Shin"ing (?), a. 1.
Emitting light, esp. in a continuous manner; radiant;
as, shining lamps; also, bright by the
reflection of light; as, shining armor.
\'bdFish . . . with their fins and shining scales.\'b8
Milton.
2. Splendid; illustrious; brilliant; distinguished;
conspicious; as, a shining example of
charity.
3. Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said
of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.
Syn. -- Glistening; bright; radiant; resplendent; effulgent;
lustrous; brilliant; glittering; splendid; illustrious.
-- Shining, Brilliant,
Sparking. Shining describes the steady
emission of a strong light, or the steady reflection of light
from a clear or polished surface. Brilliant denotes a
shining of great brightness, but with gleams or flashes.
Sparkling implies a fitful, intense shining from
radiant points or sparks, by which the eye is dazzled. The same
distinctions obtain when these epithets are figuratively applied.
A man of shining talents is made conspicious by
possessing them; if they flash upon the mind with a peculiarly
striking effect, we call them brilliant; if his
brilliancy is marked by great vivacity and occasional intensity,
he is sparkling.
True paradise . . . inclosed with shining rock.
Milton.
Some in a brilliant buckle bind her waist,
Some round her neck a circling light display.
Gay.
His sparkling blade about his head he blest.
Spenser.
Shin"ing, n. Emission or reflection of
light.
Shin"ing*ness, n. Brightness.
J. Spence.
Shin"ney (?), n. [CF.
Shindy.] The game of hockey; -- so called
because of the liability of the players to receive blows on the
shin.
Halliwell.
<-- shinny. Same as shin, to climb with hands and feet -->
Shin"plas`ter (?), n. Formerly,
a jocose term for a bank note greatly depreciated in value; also,
for paper money of a denomination less than a dollar.
[U. S.]
{ Shin"to (?), Shin"ti*ism
(?), } n. [Chin. shin
god + tao way, doctrine.] One of the two
great systems of religious belief in Japan. Its essence is
ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead heroes.
[Written also Sintu, and
Sintuism.]
Shin"to*ist (?), n. An adherent
of Shintoism.
Shin"ty (?), n. [Cf. Gael.
sinteag a skip, a bound.] A Scotch game
resembling hockey; also, the club used in the game.
Jamieson.
Shin"y (?), a.
[Compar. Shinier (?);
superl. Shiniest.] Bright;
luminous; clear; unclouded.
Like distant thunder on a shiny day.
Dryden.
-ship (?). [OE. -schipe, AS.
-scipe; akin to OFries. -skipe, OLG.
-skepi, D. -schap, OHG. -scaf,
G. -schaft. Cf. Shape, n., and
Landscape.] A suffix denoting
state, office, dignity,
profession, or art; as in
lordship, friendship,
chancellorship, stewardship,
horsemanship.
Ship (?), n. [AS.
scipe.] Pay; reward.
[Obs.]
In withholding or abridging of the ship or the hire
or the wages of servants.
Chaucer.
Ship, n. [OE. ship,
schip, AS. scip; akin to OFries.
skip, OS. scip, D. schip, G.
schiff, OHG. scif, Dan. skib,
Sw. skeep, Icel. & Goth. skip; of unknown
origin. Cf. Equip, Skiff,
Skipper.] 1. Any large seagoing
vessel.
Like a stately ship . . .
With all her bravery on, and tackle trim,
Sails filled, and streamers waving.
Milton.
Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State!
Longfellow.
2. Specifically, a vessel furnished with a bowsprit
and three masts (a mainmast, a foremast, and a mizzenmast), each
of which is composed of a lower mast, a topmast, and a topgallant
mast, and square-rigged on all masts. See Illustation
in Appendix.
<-- illustration: Deck plan of a ship -->
l Port or Larboard Side; s
Starboard Side; 1 Roundhouse or Deck House; 2 Tiller; 3 Grating;
4 Wheel; 5 Wheel Chains; 6 Binnacle; 7 Mizzenmast; 8 Skylight; 9
Capstan; 10 Mainmast; 11 Pumps; 12 Galley or Caboose; 13 Main
Hatchway; 14 Windlass; 15 Foremast; 16 Fore Hatchway; 17 Bitts;
18 Bowsprit; 19 Head Rail; 20 Boomkins; 21 Catheads on Port Bow
and Starboard Bow; 22 Fore Chains; 23 Main Chains; 24 Mizzen
Chains; 25 Stern.
<--illustration: Outline of a ship -->
1 Fore Royal Stay; 2 Flying Jib Stay; 3 Fore Topgallant
Stay;4 Jib Stay; 5 Fore Topmast Stays; 6 Fore Tacks; 8 Flying
Martingale; 9 Martingale Stay, shackled to Dolphin Striker; 10
Jib Guys; 11 Jumper Guys; 12 Back Ropes; 13 Robstays; 14 Flying
Jib Boom; 15 Flying Jib Footropes; 16 Jib Boom; 17 Jib
Foottropes; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Fore Truck; 20 Fore Royal Mast; 21
Fore Royal Lift; 22 Fore Royal Yard; 23 Fore Royal Backstays; 24
Fore Royal Braces; 25 Fore Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 26 Fore
Topgallant Lift; 27 Fore Topgallant Yard; 28 Fore Topgallant
Backstays; 29 Fore Topgallant Braces; 30 Fore Topmast and
Rigging; 31 Fore Topsail Lift; 32 Fore Topsail Yard; 33 Fore
Topsail Footropes; 34 Fore Topsail Braces; 35 Fore Yard; 36 Fore
Brace; 37 Fore Lift; 38 Fore Gaff; 39 Fore Trysail Vangs; 40 Fore
Topmast Studding-sail Boom; 41 Foremast and Rigging; 42 Fore
Topmast Backstays; 43 Fore Sheets; 44 Main Truck and Pennant; 45
Main Royal Mast and Backstay; 46 Main Royal Stay; 47 Main Royal
Lift; 48 Main Royal Yard; 49 Main Royal Braces; 50 Main
Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 51 Main Topgallant Lift; 52 Main
Topgallant Backstays; 53 Main Topgallant Yard; 54 Main Topgallant
Stay; 55 Main Topgallant Braces; 56 Main Topmast and Rigging; 57
Topsail Lift; 58 Topsail Yard; 59 Topsail Footropes; 60 Topsail
Braces; 61 Topmast Stays; 62 Main Topgallant Studding-sail Boom;
63 Main Topmast Backstay; 64 Main Yard; 65 Main Footropes; 66
Mainmast and Rigging; 67 Main Lift; 68 Main Braces; 69 Main
Tacks; 70 Main Sheets; 71 Main Trysail Gaff; 72 Main Trysail
Vangs; 73 Main Stays; 74 Mizzen Truck; 75 Mizzen Royal Mast and
Rigging; 76 Mizzen Royal Stay; 77 Mizzen Royal Lift; 78 Mizzen
Royal Yard; 79 Mizzen Royal Braces; 80 Mizzen Topgallant Mast and
Rigging; 81 Mizzen Topgallant Lift; 82 Mizzen Topgallant
Backstays; 83 Mizzen Topgallant Braces; 84 Mizzen Topgallant
Yard; 85 Mizzen Topgallant Stay; 86 Mizzen Topmast and Rigging;
87 Mizzen Topmast Stay; 88 Mizzen Topsail Lift; 89 Mizzen Topmast
Backstays; 90 Mizzen Topsail Braces; 91 Mizzen Topsail Yard; 92
Mizzen Topsail Footropes; 93 Crossjack Yard; 94 Crossjack
Footropes; 95 Crossjack Lift; 96 Crossjack Braces; 97 Mizzenmast
and Rigging; 98 Mizzen Stay; 99 Spanker Gaff; 100 Peak Halyards;
101 Spanker Vangs; 102 Spanker Boom; 103 Spanker Boom Topping
Lift; 104 Jacob's Ladder, or Stern Ladder; 105 Spanker Sheet; 106
Cutwater; 107 Starboard Bow; 108 Starboard Beam; 109 Water Line;
110 Starboard Quarter; 111 Rudder.
<-- p. 1330 -->
3. A dish or utensil (originally fashioned like the
hull of a ship) used to hold incense. [Obs.]
Tyndale.
Armed ship, a private ship taken into the
service of the government in time of war, and armed and equipped
like a ship of war. [Eng.] Brande & C.
-- General ship. See under General.
-- Ship biscuit, hard biscuit prepared for use on
shipboard; -- called also ship bread. See
Hardtack. -- Ship boy, a boy who
serves in a ship. \'bdSeal up the ship boy's eyes.\'b8
Shak. -- Ship breaker, one who
breaks up vessels when unfit for further use. -- Ship
broker, a mercantile agent employed in buying and
selling ships, procuring cargoes, etc., and generally in
transacting the business of a ship or ships when in port. --
Ship canal, a canal suitable for the passage of
seagoing vessels. -- Ship carpenter, a
carpenter who works at shipbuilding; a shipwright. --
Ship chandler, one who deals in cordage, canvas,
and other, furniture of vessels. -- Ship
chandlery, the commodities in which a ship chandler
deals; also, the business of a ship chandler. -- Ship
fever (Med.), a form of typhus fever; --
called also putrid, jail, . -- Ship joiner, a joiner who
works upon ships. -- Ship letter, a letter
conveyed by a ship not a mail packet. -- Ship
money (Eng. Hist.), an imposition formerly
charged on the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties, of
England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for the
king's service. The attempt made by Charles I. to revive and
enforce this tax was resisted by John Hampden, and was one of the
causes which led to the death of Charles. It was finally
abolished. -- Ship of the line. See under
Line. -- Ship pendulum, a pendulum
hung amidships to show the extent of the rolling and pitching of
a vessel. -- Ship railway. (a) An
inclined railway with a cradelike car, by means of which a ship
may be drawn out of water, as for repairs. (b)
A railway arranged for the transportation of vessels overland
between two water courses or harbors. -- Ship's
company, the crew of a ship or other vessel. --
Ship's days, the days allowed a vessel for loading
or unloading. -- Ship's husband. See under
Husband. -- Ship's papers (Mar.
Law), papers with which a vessel is required by law to
be provided, and the production of which may be required on
certain occasions. Among these papers are the register, passport
or sea letter, charter party, bills of lading, invoice, log book,
muster roll, bill of health, etc. Bouvier.
Kent. -- To make ship, to embark in
a ship or other vessel.
Ship (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shipped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shipping.] 1. To put on board
of a ship, or vessel of any kind, for transportation; to send by
water.
The timber was . . . shipped in the bay of Attalia,
from whence it was by sea transported to Pelusium.
Knolles.
2. By extension, in commercial usage, to commit to
any conveyance for transportation to a distance; as, to
ship freight by railroad.
3. Hence, to send away; to get rid of.
[Colloq.]
4. To engage or secure for service on board of a
ship; as, to ship seamen.
5. To receive on board ship; as, to
ship a sea.
6. To put in its place; as, to ship
the tiller or rudder.
Ship, v. i. 1. To engage to
serve on board of a vessel; as, to ship on a
man-of-war.
2. To embark on a ship.
Wyclif (Acts xxviii. 11)
Ship"board` (?), n.
[Ship + board. See Board,
n., 8] A ship's side; hence, by extension,
a ship; -- found chiefly in adverbial phrases; as, on
shipboard; a shipboard.
Ship"build`er (?), n. A person
whose occupation is to construct ships and other vessels; a naval
architect; a shipwright.
Ship"build`ing, n. Naval architecturel
the art of constructing ships and other vessels.
Ship"ful (?), n.; pl.
Shipfuls (. As much or as many
as a ship will hold; enough to fill a ship.
Ship"hold`er (?), n. A
shipowner.
Ship"less, a. Destitute of ships.
Gray.
Ship"let (?), n. A little
ship. [R.]
Holinshed.
Ship"load` (?), n. The load, or
cargo, of a ship.
Ship"man (?), n.; pl.
Shipmen (. A seaman, or
sailor. [Obs. or Poetic]
Chaucer. R. Browning.
About midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew
near to some country.
Acts xxvii. 27.
Shipman's card, the mariner's compass.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ship"mas`ter (?), n. The
captain, master, or commander of a ship.
Jonah i. 6.
Ship"mate` (?), n. One who
serves on board of the same ship with another; a fellow
sailor.
Ship"ment (?), n. 1.
The act or process of shipping; as, he was engaged in
the shipment of coal for London; an active
shipment of wheat from the West.
2. That which is shipped.
The question is, whether the share of M. in the
shipment is exempted from condemnation by reason of
his neutral domicle.
Story.
Ship"own`er (?), n. Owner of a
ship or ships.
Ship"pen (?), n. [AS.
scypen. Cf. Shop, Shepen.]
A stable; a cowhouse. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
Ship"per (?), n. [See
Ship, n., and cf. Skipper.]
One who sends goods from one place to another not in the
same city or town, esp. one who sends goods by water.
Ship"ping (?), a. 1.
Relating to ships, their ownership, transfer, or employment;
as, shiping concerns.
2. Relating to, or concerned in, the forwarding of
goods; as, a shipping clerk.
Ship"ping, n. 1. The act of one
who, or of that which, ships; as, the shipping of
flour to Liverpool.
2. The collective body of ships in one place, or
belonging to one port, country, etc.; vessels, generally;
tonnage.
3. Navigation. \'bdGod send 'em good
shipping.\'b8
Shak.
Shipping articles, articles of agreement
between the captain of a vessel and the seamen on board, in
respect to the amount of wages, length of time for which they are
shipping, etc. Bouvier. -- To take
shipping, to embark; to take ship. [Obs.]
John vi.24. Shak.
Ship"pon (?), n. A cowhouse; a
shippen. [Prov. Eng.]
Bessy would either do fieldwork, or attend to the cows, the
shippon, or churn, or make cheese.
Dickens.
Ship"-rigged` (?), a.
(Naut.) Rigged like a ship, that is, having three
masts, each with square sails.
Ship"shape` (?), a. Arranged in
a manner befitting a ship; hence, trim; tidy; orderly.
Even then she expressed her scorn for the lubbery
executioner's mode of tying a knot, and did it herself in a
shipshape orthodox manner.
De Quincey.
Keep everything shipshape, for I must go
Tennyson.
Ship"shape` (?), adv. In a
shipshape or seamanlike manner.
Ship"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve
mollusk of Teredo and allied genera. The shipworms
burrow in wood, and are destructive to wooden ships, piles of
wharves, etc. See Teredo.
Ship"wreck` (?), n. 1.
The breaking in pieces, or shattering, of a ship or other
vessel by being cast ashore or driven against rocks, shoals,
etc., by the violence of the winds and waves.
2. A ship wrecked or destroyed upon the water, or
the parts of such a ship; wreckage.
Dryden.
3. Fig.: Destruction; ruin; irretrievable
loss.
Holding faith and a good conscience, which some having put
away concerning faith have made shipwreck.
1 Tim. 1. 19.
It was upon an Indian bill that the late ministry had
made shipwreck.
J. Morley.
Ship"wreck`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shipwrecked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shipwrecking.] 1. To
destroy, as a ship at sea, by running ashore or on rocks or
sandbanks, or by the force of wind and waves in a tempest.
Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break.
Shak.
2. To cause to experience shipwreck, as sailors or
passengers. Hence, to cause to suffer some disaster or loss; to
destroy or ruin, as if by shipwreck; to wreck; as, to
shipwreck a business.
Addison.
Ship"wright` (?), n. One whose
occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other
vessels.
Ship"yard` (?), n. A yard,
place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.
Shi*raz" (?), n. A kind of
Persian wine; -- so called from the place whence it is
brought.
Shire (?), n. [AS.
sc\'c6re, sc\'c6r, a division, province,
county. Cf. Sheriff.] 1. A portion
of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an earl; a
territorial division, usually identical with a county, but
sometimes limited to a smaller district; as,
Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Richmondshire,
Hallamshire.
An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or
shire.
Blackstone.
2. A division of a State, embracing several
contiguous townships; a county. [U. S.]
Shire is commonly added to the specific
designation of a county as a part of its name; as,
Yorkshire instead of York shire, or the
shire of York; Berkshire instead of Berks
shire. Such expressions as the county of
Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological, are
used in England. In the United States the composite word is
sometimes the only name of a county; as, Berkshire
county, as it is called in Massachusetts, instead of
Berks county, as in Pensylvania.
The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate
the counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire,
Lincolnshire, etc.
Encyc. Brit.
Knight of the shire. See under
Knight. -- Shire clerk, an officer
of a county court; also, an under sheriff.
[Eng.] -- Shire mote (Old.
Eng. Law), the county court; sheriff's turn, or court.
[Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. --
Shire reeve (Old Eng. Law), the reeve,
or bailiff, of a shire; a sheriff. Burrill. --
Shire town, the capital town of a county; a county
town. -- Shire wick, a county; a shire.
[Obs.] Holland.
Shirk (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shirked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shirking.] [Probably the same word as
shark. See Shark, v. t.]
1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to
obtain by mean solicitation.
You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . . that
shirk living from others, but time from
Yourselves.
Bp. Rainbow.
2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; -- implying
unfaithfulness or fraud; as, to shirk
duty.
The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk
difficulties.
Hare.
Shirk, v. i. 1. To live by
shifts and fraud; to shark.
2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance
of duty, as by running away.
One of the cities shirked from the league.
Byron.
Shirk, n. One who lives by shifts and
tricks; one who avoids the performance of duty or labor.
Shirk"er (?), n. One who
shirks.
Macaulay.
Shirk"y (?), a. Disposed to
shirk. [Colloq.]
Shirl (?), a. Shrill.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Shirl, n. (Min.) See
Schorl.
Shir"ley (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The bullfinch.
Shirr (?), n. (Sewing)
A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as
to make the material between them set full by gatherings; --
called also shirring, and
gauging.
Shirred (?), a. 1.
(Sewing) Made or gathered into a shirr; as, a
shirred bonnet.
2. (Cookery) Broken into an earthen dish
and baked over the fire; -- said of eggs.
Shirt (?), n. [OE.
schirte, sherte, schurte; akin
to Icel. skyrta, Dan. skiorte, Sw.
skjorta, Dan. ski\'94rt a petticoat, D.
schort a petticoat, an argon, G. schurz,
sch\'81rze, an argon; all probably from the root of E.
short, as being originally a short garment. See
Short, and cf. Skirt.] A loose
under-garment for the upper part of the body, made of cotton,
linen, or other material; -- formerly used of the under-garment
of either sex, now commonly restricted to that worn by men and
boys.
Several persons in December had nothing over their shoulders
but their shirts.
Addison.
She had her shirts and girdles of hair.
Bp. Fisher.
Shirt, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Shirted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shirting.] To cover or clothe with a
shirt, or as with a shirt.
Dryden.
Shirt"ing, n. Cloth, specifically cotton
cloth, suitable for making shirts.
Shirt"less, a. Not having or wearing a
shirt.
Pope.
-- Shirt"less*ness, n.
{ Shist (?), Shis*tose"
(?) }. See Shist,
Schistose.
{ Shit"tah (?), Shit"tah tree`
}, n. [Heb. shitt\'beh, pl.
shitt\'c6m.] A tree that furnished the
precious wood of which the ark, tables, altars, boards, etc., of
the Jewish tabernacle were made; -- now believed to have been the
wood of the Acacia Seyal, which is hard, fine grained,
and yellowish brown in color.
{ Shit"tim (?), Shit"tim wood`
}, n. The wood of the shittah tree.
Shit"tle (?), n. [See
Shuttle.] A shuttle.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
Shit"tle, a. Wavering; unsettled;
inconstant. [Obs.]
Holland.
Shit"tle*cock` (?), n. A
shuttlecock. [Obs.]
Shit"tle*ness, n. Instability;
inconstancy. [Obs.]
The vain shittlenesse of an unconstant head.
Baret.
Shive (?), n. [See
Sheave, n.] 1. A slice;
as, a shive of bread. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
Shak.
2. A thin piece or fragment; specifically, one of
the scales or pieces of the woody part of flax removed by the
operation of breaking.
3. A thin, flat cork used for stopping a
wide-mouthed bottle; also, a thin wooden bung for casks.
Shiv"er (?), n. [OE.
schivere, fr. shive; cf. G.
schifer a splinter, slate, OHG. scivere a
splinter, Dan. & Sw. skifer a slate. See
Shive, and cf. Skever.] 1.
One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a brittle
thing is broken by sudden violence; -- generally used in the
plural. \'bdAll to shivers dashed.\'b8
Milton.
2. A thin slice; a shive. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] \'bdA shiver of their own loaf.\'b8
Fuller.
Of your soft bread, not but a shiver.
Chaucer.
3. (Geol.) A variety of blue
slate.
4. (Naut.) A sheave or small wheel in a
pulley.
5. A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a
window shutter.
6. A spindle. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Shiv"er, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shivered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shivering.] [OE.
schiveren, scheveren; cf. OD.
scheveren. See Shiver a fragment.]
To break into many small pieces, or splinters; to shatter;
to dash to pieces by a blow; as, to shiver a glass
goblet.
All the ground
With shivered armor strown.
Milton.
Shiv"er, v. i. To separate suddenly into
many small pieces or parts; to be shattered.
There shiver shafts upon shields thick.
Chaucer
The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . . would
instantly shiver into millions of atoms.
Woodward.
Shiv"er, v. i. [OE. chiveren,
cheveren; of uncertain origin. This word seems to have
been confused with shiver to shatter.] To
tremble; to vibrate; to quiver; to shake, as from cold or
fear.
Prometheus is laid
On icy Caucasus to shiver.
Swift.
The man that shivered on the brink of sin,
Thus steeled and hardened, ventures boldly in.
Creech.
Shiv"er, v. t. (Naut.) To
cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the
wind.
Shiv"er, n. The act of shivering or
trembling.
Shiv"er*ing*ly, adv. In a shivering
manner.
Shiv"er-spar` (?), n. [Cf. G.
schiefer-spath.] (Min.) A
variety of calcite, so called from its slaty structure; -- called
also slate spar.
Shiv"er*y (?), a. 1.
Tremulous; shivering.
Mallet.
2. Easily broken; brittle; shattery.
Shoad (?), n. [Cf. G.
schutt rubbish.] (Mining) A
train of vein material mixed with rubbish; fragments of ore which
have become separated by the action of water or the weather, and
serve to direct in the discovery of mines. [Written
also shode.]
Shoad"ing, n. (Mining) The
tracing of veins of metal by shoads. [Written also
shoding.]
Pryce.
Shoal (?), n. [AS.
scolu, sceolu, a company, multitude, crowd,
akin to OS. skola; probably originally, a division,
and akin to Icel. skilja to part, divide. See
Skill, and cf. School. of fishes.] A
great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; -- said especially
of fish; as, a shoal of bass. \'bdGreat
shoals of people.\'b8
Bacon.
Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides.
Waller.
Shoal, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Shoaled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shoaling.] To assemble in a
multitude; to throng; as, the fishes shoaled about
the place.
Chapman.
Shoal, a. [Cf. Shallow; or cf.
G. scholle a clod, glebe, OHG. scollo,
scolla, prob. akin to E. shoal a
multitude.] Having little depth; shallow; as,
shoal water.
Shoal, n. 1. A place where the
water of a sea, lake, river, pond, etc., is shallow; a
shallow.
The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on the sides
some shoals for the fish to lay their span.
Mortimer.
Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory,
And sounded all the depths and shoals of honor.
Shak.
2. A sandbank or bar which makes the water
shoal.
The god himself with ready trident stands,
And opes the deep, and spreads the moving sands,
Then heaves them off the shoals.
Dryden.
Shoal, v. i. To become shallow; as,
the color of the water shows where it shoals.
Shoal, v. t. To cause to become more
shallow; to come to a more shallow part of; as, a ship
shoals her water by advancing into that which is less
deep.
Marryat.
Shoal"i*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being shoaly; little depth of water;
shallowness.
Shoal"ing, a. Becoming shallow
gradually. \'bdA shoaling estuary.\'b8
Lyell.
Shoal"y (?), a. Full of shoals,
or shallow places.
The tossing vessel sailed on shoaly ground.
Dryden.
Shoar (sh, n. A prop.
See 3d Shore.
Shoat (sh, n. A young
hog. Same as Shote.
<-- p. 1331 -->
Shock (?), n. [OE.
schokke; cf. OD schocke, G.
schock a heap, quantity, threescore, MHG.
schoc, Sw. skok, and also G.
hocke a heap of hay, Lith. kugis.]
1. A pile or assemblage of sheaves of grain, as
wheat, rye, or the like, set up in a field, the sheaves varying
in number from twelve to sixteen; a stook.
And cause it on shocks to be by and by set.
Tusser.
Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks.
Thomson.
2. [G. schock.] (Com.)
A lot consisting of sixty pieces; -- a term applied in some
Baltic ports to loose goods.
Shock, v. t. To collect, or make up,
into a shock or shocks; to stook; as, to shock
rye.
Shock, v. i. To be occupied with making
shocks.
Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn,
Bind fast, shock apace.
Tusser.
Shock, n. [Cf. D. schok a
bounce, jolt, or leap, OHG. scoc a swing, MHG.
schoc, Icel. skykkjun tremuously, F.
choc a shock, collision, a dashing or striking
against, Sp. choque, It. ciocco a log.
Shock to shake.] 1. A
quivering or shaking which is the effect of a blow, collision, or
violent impulse; a blow, impact, or collision; a concussion; a
sudden violent impulse or onset.
These strong, unshaken mounds resist the shocks
Of tides and seas tempestuous.
Blackmore.
He stood the shock of a whole host of foes.
Addison.
2. A sudden agitation of the mind or feelings; a
sensation of pleasure or pain caused by something unexpected or
overpowering; also, a sudden agitating or overpowering
event. \'bdA shock of pleasure.\'b8
Talfourd.
3. (Med.) A sudden depression of the
vital forces of the entire body, or of a port of it, marking some
profound impression produced upon the nervous system, as by
severe injury, overpowering emotion, or the like.
4. (Elec.) The sudden convulsion or
contraction of the muscles, with the feeling of a concussion,
caused by the discharge, through the animal system, of
electricity from a charged body.
Syn. -- Concussion, Shock.
Both words signify a sudden violent shaking caused by impact or
colision; but concussion is restricted in use to
matter, while shock is used also of mental
states.
Shock, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shocked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shocking.] [OE.
schokken; cf. D. schokken, F.
choquer, Sp. chocar. Chuck to strike, Jog, Shake,
Shock a striking, Shog, n. &
v.] 1. To give a shock to; to
cause to shake or waver; hence, to strike against suddenly; to
encounter with violence.
Come the three corners of the world in arms,
And we shall shock them.
Shak.
A shall never forget the force with which he
shocked De Vipont.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To strike with surprise, terror, horror, or
disgust; to cause to recoil; as, his violence
shocked his associates.
Advise him not to shock a father's will.
Dryden.
Shock, v. i. To meet with a shock; to
meet in violent encounter. \'bdThey saw the moment approach
when the two parties would shock together.\'b8
De Quincey.
Shock, n. [Cf. Shag.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A dog with long hair or
shag; -- called also shockdog.
2. A thick mass of bushy hair; as, a head
covered with a shock of sandy hair.
Shock, a. Bushy; shaggy; as, a
shock hair.
His red shock peruke . . . was laid aside.
Sir W. Scott.
Shock"dog` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See 7th Shock, 1.
Shock"-head` (?), a.
Shock-headed.
Tennyson.
Shock"-head`ed, a. Having a thick and
bushy head of hair.
Shock"ing, a. Causing to shake or
tremble, as by a blow; especially, causing to recoil with horror
or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.
The grossest and most shocking villainies.
Secker.
-- Shock"ing*ly, adv. --
Shock"ing*ness, n.
<-- Shock troops, a highly trained or seasoned group within an
army used to spearhead a strong offensive action. -->
Shod (?), imp. & p. p. f
Shoe.
Shod"dy (?), n. [Perhaps fr.
Shed, v. t.; as meaning originally, waste
stuff shedor thrown off.] 1. A
fibrous material obtained by \'bddeviling,\'b8 or tearing into
fibers, refuse woolen goods, old stockings, rags, druggets, etc.
See Mungo.
2. A fabric of inferior quality made of, or
containing a large amount of, shoddy.
Shod"dy, a. Made wholly or in part of
shoddy; containing shoddy; as, shoddy cloth;
shoddy blankets; hence, colloquially, not genuine;
sham; pretentious; as, shoddy
aristocracy.
Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a
factitious pride.
Compton Reade.
Shod"dy*ism (?), n. The quality
or state of being shoddy. [Colloq.] See the Note
under Shoddy, n.
Shode (?), n. [AS.
sc\'bede, fr. sce\'a0dan. See
Shed, v. t.] 1. The
parting of the hair on the head. [Obs.]
Full straight and even lay his jolly shode.
Chaucer.
2. The top of the head; the head.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Shode, Shod"ing }. See
Shoad, Shoading.
Sho"der (?), n. A package of
gold beater's skins in which gold is subjected to the second
process of beating.
Shoe (?), n.; pl.
Shoes (#), formerly
Shoon (#), now provincial.
[OE. sho, scho, AS. sc,
sce\'a2h; akin to OFries. sk, OS.
sk, D. schoe, schoen, G.
schuh, OHG. scuoh, Icel. sk,
Dan. & Sw. sko, Goth. sk; of unknown
origin.] 1. A covering for the human foot,
usually made of leather, having a thick and somewhat stiff sole
and a lighter top. It differs from a boot on not extending so far
up the leg.
Your hose should be ungartered, . . . yourshoe
untied.
Shak.
Spare none but such as go in clouted shoon.
Shak.
2. Anything resembling a shoe in form, position, or
use. Specifically: (a) A plate or rim of iron
nailed to the hoof of an animal to defend it from injury.
(b) A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood,
fastened to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle
which slides on the snow. (c) A drag, or
sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under the wheel of a loaded
vehicle, to retard its motion in going down a hill.
(d) The part of a railroad car brake which presses
upon the wheel to retard its motion. (e)
(Arch.) A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member,
put at the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves
gutter, so as to throw the water off from the building.
(f) (Milling.) The trough or spout for
conveying the grain from the hopper to the eye of the
millstone. (g) An inclined trough in an
ore-crushing mill. (h) An iron socket or
plate to take the thrust of a strut or rafter. (i)
An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile.
(j) (Mach.) A plate, or notched piece,
interposed between a moving part and the stationary part on which
it bears, to take the wear and afford means of adjustment; --
called also slipper, and
gib.
Shoe is often used adjectively, or in
composition; as, shoe buckle, or
shoe-buckle; shoe latchet, or
shoe-latchet; shoe leathet, or
shoe-leather; shoe string,
shoe-string, or shoestring.
Shoe of an anchor. (Naut.) (a)
A small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole to
receive the point of the anchor fluke, -- used to prevent the
anchor from tearing the planks of the vessel when raised or
lowered. (b) A broad, triangular piece of plank
placed upon the fluke to give it a better hold in soft
ground. -- Shoe block (Naut.), a
block with two sheaves, one above the other, and at right angles
to each other. -- Shoe bolt, a bolt with a
flaring head, for fastening shoes on sleigh runners. --
Shoe pac, a kind of moccasin. See
Pac. -- Shoe stone, a sharpening
stone used by shoemakers and other workers in leather.
<-- brake shoe. the movable portion of a drum brake on a vehicle
which is pressed against the rotating drum to slow or stop the
vehicle by the friction of the brakeshoe against the drum. -->
Shoe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shod; p. pr. &
vb. n. Shoeing.] [AS.
sc, sce. See Shoe,
n.] 1. To furnish with a shoe or
shoes; to put a shoe or shoes on; as, to shoe a
horse, a sled, an anchor.
2. To protect or ornament with something which
serves the purpose of a shoe; to tip.
The sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which is
shod with brass or silver.
Evelyn.
Shoe"bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large African wading bird
(Bal\'91niceps rex) allied to the storks and herons,
and remarkable for its enormous broad swollen bill. It inhabits
the valley of the White Nile. See Illust.
(l.) of Beak.
Shoe"black` (?), n. One who
polishes shoes.<-- = bootblack -->
{ Shoe"horn`, Shoe"ing-horn` }
(?), n. 1. A curved piece of
polished horn, wood, or metal used to facilitate the entrance of
the foot into a shoe.
2. Figuratively: (a) Anything by which a
transaction is facilitated; a medium; -- by way of
contempt. Spectator. (b) Anything
which draws on or allures; an inducement.
[Low]
Beau & Fl.
<-- verb shoehorn = squeeze into a tight-fitting place, as with a
shoehorn. Also fig. -->
Shoe"less, a. Destitute of shoes.
Addison.
Shoe"mak`er (?), n. 1.
One whose occupation it is to make shoes and boots.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
threadfish. (b) The runner, 12.
Shoe"mak`ing, n. The business of a
shoemaker.
Sho"er (?), n. One who fits
shoes to the feet; one who furnishes or puts on shoes; as, a
shoer of horses.
Shog (?), n. [See
Shock a striking.] A shock; a jog; a violent
concussion or impulse. [R. or Scot.]
Shog, v. t. To shake; to shock.
[R. or Scot.]
Shog, v. i. [Cf. W. ysgogi to
wag, to stir. Cf. Jog.] To jog; to move
on. [R. or Scot.]
Beau & Fl.
Shog"gle (?), v. t. [See
Shog, Joggle.] To joggle.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Pegge.
Sho"gun (?), n. [Chin.
tsiang ki\'9an commander in chief.] A title
originally conferred by the Mikado on the military governor of
the eastern provinces of Japan. By gradual usurpation of power
the Shoguns (known to foreigners as
Tycoons) became finally the virtual rulers of Japan.
The title was abolished in 1867. [Written variously,
Shiogun, Shiogoon, etc.]
<-- Jap. Shogun = military general -->
Sho*gun"ate (?), n. The office
or dignity of a Shogun. [Written also
Siogoonate.]
Sho"la (?), n. (Bot.)
See Sola.
Shole (?), n. A plank fixed
beneath an object, as beneath the rudder of a vessel, to protect
it from injury; a plank on the ground under the end of a shore or
the like.
Shole, n. See Shoal.
[Obs.]
Shonde (?), n. [AS.
sceond. Cf. Shend.] Harm;
disgrace; shame. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Shone (?), imp. & p. p. of
Shine.
Shoo (?), interj. [Cf. G.
scheuchen to scare, drive away.] Begone;
away; -- an expression used in frightening away animals,
especially fowls.
Sho"oi, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus);- so
called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]
Shook (?), imp. & obs. or
poet. p. p. of Shake.
Shook, n. [Cf. Shock a bundle
of sheaves.] (Com.) (a) A set of
staves and headings sufficient in number for one hogshead, cask,
barrel, or the like, trimmed, and bound together in compact
form. (b) A set of boards for a sugar
box. (c) The parts of a piece of house
furniture, as a bedstead, packed together.
Shook, v. t. To pack, as staves, in a
shook.
Shoon (?), n., pl.
of Shoe. [Archaic]
Chaucer.
They shook the snow from hats and shoon.
Emerson.
Shoop (?), obs.
imp. of Shape. Shaped.
Chaucer.
Shoot (?), n. [F.
chute. See Chute. Confused with
shoot to let fly.] An inclined plane,
either artificial or natural, down which timber, coal, etc., are
caused to slide; also, a narrow passage, either natural or
artificial, in a stream, where the water rushes rapidly; esp., a
channel, having a swift current, connecting the ends of a bend in
the stream, so as to shorten the course. [Written
also chute, and shute.] [U.
S.]
To take a shoot, to pass through a shoot
instead of the main channel; to take the most direct course.
[U.S.]
Shoot (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shot (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Shooting. The old participle
Shotten is obsolete. See Shotten.]
[OE. shotien, schotien, AS.
scotian, v. i., sce\'a2tan; akin to D.
schieten, G. schie, OHG.
sciozan, Icel. skj, Sw.
skjuta, Dan. skyde; cf. Skr.
skund to jump. Scot a
contribution, Scout to reject, Scud,
Scuttle, v. i., Shot,
Sheet, Shut, Shuttle,
Skittish, Skittles.] 1. To
let fly, or cause to be driven, with force, as an arrow or a
bullet; -- followed by a word denoting the missile, as an
object.
If you please
To shoot an arrow that self way.
Shak.
2. To discharge, causing a missile to be driven
forth; -- followed by a word denoting the weapon or instrument,
as an object; -- often with off; as, to
shoot a gun.
The two ends od a bow, shot off, fly from one
another.
Boyle.
3. To strike with anything shot; to hit with a
missile; often, to kill or wound with a firearm; -- followed by a
word denoting the person or thing hit, as an object.
When Roger shot the hawk hovering over his master's
dove house.
A. Tucker.
4. To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or
sudden motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to
emit.
An honest weaver as ever shot shuttle.
Beau & Fl.
A pit into which the dead carts had nightly shot
corpses by scores.
Macaulay.
5. To push or thrust forward; to project; to
protrude; -- often with out; as, a plant
shoots out a bud.
They shoot out the lip, they shake the head.
Ps. xxii. 7.
Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting.
Dryden.
6. (Carp.) To plane straight; to fit by
planing.
Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed
or else pared with a paring chisel.
Moxon.
7. To pass rapidly through, over, or under; as,
to shoot a rapid or a bridge; to shoot a sand
bar.
She . . . shoots the Stygian sound.
Dryden.
8. To variegate as if by sprinkling or
intermingling; to color in spots or patches.
The tangled water courses slept,
Shot over with purple, and green, and yellow.
Tennyson.
To be shot of, to be discharged, cleared, or
rid of. [Colloq.] \'bdAre you not glad to be
shot of him?\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Shoot, v. i. 1. To cause an
engine or weapon to discharge a missile; -- said of a person or
an agent; as, they shot at a target; he
shoots better than he rides.
The archers have . . . shot at him.
Gen. xlix. 23.
2. To discharge a missile; -- said of an engine or
instrument; as, the gun shoots well.
3. To be shot or propelled forcibly; -- said of a
missile; to be emitted or driven; to move or extend swiftly, as
if propelled; as, a shooting star.
There shot a streaming lamp along the sky.
Dryden.
4. To penetrate, as a missile; to dart with a
piercing sensation; as, shooting pains.
Thy words shoot through my heart.
Addison.
5. To feel a quick, darting pain; to throb in
pain.
These preachers make
His head to shoot and ache.
Herbert.
6. To germinate; to bud; to sprout.
Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth.
Bacon.
But the wild olive shoots, and shades the
ungrateful plain.
Dryden.
7. To grow; to advance; as, to shoot
up rapidly.
Well shot in years he seemed.
Spenser.
Delightful task! to rear the tender thought,
To teach the young idea how to shoot.
Thomson.
8. To change form suddenly; especially, to
solidify.
If the menstruum be overcharged, metals will shoot
into crystals.
Bacon.
9. To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend;
as, the land shoots into a promontory.
There shot up against the dark sky, tall, gaunt,
straggling houses.
Dickens.
10. (Naut.) To move ahead by force of
momentum, as a sailing vessel when the helm is put hard
alee.
To shoot ahead, to pass or move quickly
forward; to outstrip others.
Shoot, n. 1. The act of
shooting; the discharge of a missile; a shot; as, the
shoot of a shuttle.
The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot.
Bacon.
One underneath his horse to get a shoot doth
stalk.
Drayton.
2. A young branch or growth.
Superfluous branches and shoots of this second
spring.
Evelyn.
3. A rush of water; a rapid.
4. (Min.) A vein of ore running in the
same general direction as the lode.
Knight.
5. (Weaving) A weft thread shot through
the shed by the shuttle; a pick.
6. [Perh. a different word.] A shoat; a
young hog.
Shoot"er (?), n. 1.
One who shoots, as an archer or a gunner.
2. That which shoots. Specifically:
(a) A firearm; as, a
five-shooter. [Colloq. U.S.]
(b) A shooting star. [R.]
Shoot"ing, n. 1. The act of one
who, or that which, shoots; as, the shooting of an
archery club; the shooting of rays of light.
2. A wounding or killing with a firearm;
specifically (Sporting), the killing of game; as,
a week of shooting.
3. A sensation of darting pain; as, a
shooting in one's head.
Shoot"ing, a. Of or pertaining to
shooting; for shooting; darting.
Shooting board (Joinery), a fixture
used in planing or shooting the edge of a board, by means of
which the plane is guided and the board held true. --
Shooting box, a small house in the country for use
in the shooting season. Prof. Wilson. --
Shooting gallery, a range, usually covered, with
targets for practice with firearms.<-- [Slang] a place,
often a building or neighborhood, where addicts "shoot up" drugs.
--> -- Shooting iron, a firearm.
[Slang, U.S.] -- Shooting star.
(a) (Astron.) A starlike, luminous
meteor, that, appearing suddenly, darts quickly across some
portion of the sky, and then as suddenly disappears, leaving
sometimes, for a few seconds, a luminous train, -- called also
falling star. Shooting stars are
small cosmical bodies which encounter the earth in its annual
revolution, and which become visible by coming with planetary
velocity into the upper regions of the atmosphere. At certain
periods, as on the 13th of November and 10th of August, they
appear for a few hours in great numbers, apparently diverging
from some point in the heavens, such displays being known as
meteoric showers, or star showers. These
bodies, before encountering the earth, were moving in orbits
closely allied to the orbits of comets. See Leonids,
Perseids. (b) (Bot.) The
American cowslip (Dodecatheon Meadia). See under
Cowslip. -- Shooting stick
(Print.), a tapering piece of wood or iron, used
by printers to drive up the quoins in the chase.
Hansard.
<-- p. 1332 -->
Shoot"y (?), a. Sprouting or
coming up freely and regularly. [Prev. Eng.]
Grose.
Shop (?), obs.
imp. of Shape. Shaped.
Chaucer.
Shop, n. [OE. shoppe,
schoppe, AS. sceoppa a treasury, a
storehouse, stall, booth; akin to scypen a shed, LG.
schup a shed, G. schoppen,
schuppen, a shed, a coachhouse, OHG.
scopf.] 1. A building or an
apartment in which goods, wares, drugs, etc., are sold by
retail.
From shop to shop
Wandering, and littering with unfolded silks
The polished counter.
Cowper.
2. A building in which mechanics or artisans work;
as, a shoe shop; a car shop.
A tailor called me in his shop.
Shak.
Shop is often used adjectively or in
composition; as, shop rent, or shop-rent;
shop thief, or shop-thief; shop
window, or shop-window, etc.
To smell of the shop, to indicate too
distinctively one's occupation or profession. -- To
talk shop, to make one's business the topic of social
conversation; also, to use the phrases peculiar to one's
employment. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Store; warehouse. See Store.
Shop, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Shopped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shopping.] To visit shops for
the purpose of purchasing goods.
He was engaged with his mother and some ladies to go
shopping.
Byron.
Shop"board` (?), n. A bench or
board on which work is performed; a workbench.
South.
Shop"book` (?), n. A book in
which a tradesman keeps his accounts.
Locke.
Shop"boy` (?), n. A boy
employed in a shop.
Sho"pen (?), obs. p.
p. of Shape.
Chaucer.
Shop"girl` (?), n. A girl
employed in a shop.
Shop"keep`er (?), n. A trader
who sells goods in a shop, or by retail; -- in distinction from
one who sells by wholesale.
Addison.
Shop"lift`er (?), n.
[Shop + lift. See Lift to
steal.] One who steals anything in a shop, or takes
goods privately from a shop; one who, under pretense of buying
goods, takes occasion to steal.
Shop"lift`ing, n. Larceny committed in a
shop; the stealing of anything from a shop.
Shop"like`, a. Suiting a shop;
vulgar.
B. Jonson.
Shop"maid` (?), n. A
shopgirl.
Shop"man (?), n.; pl.
Shopmen (. 1. A
shopkeeper; a retailer.
Dryden.
2. One who serves in a shop; a salesman.
3. One who works in a shop or a factory.
Shop"per (?), n. One who
shops.
Shop"pish (?), a. Having the
appearance or qualities of a shopkeeper, or shopman.
Shop"py (?), a. 1.
Abounding with shops. [Colloq.]
2. Of or pertaining to shops, or one's own shop or
business; as, shoppy talk.
[Colloq.]
Mrs. Gaskell.
Shop"shift` (?), n. The trick
of a shopkeeper; deception. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Shop"walk`er (?), n. One who
walks about in a shop as an overseer and director. Cf.
Floorwalker.
Shop"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Shopwomen (. A woman employed
in a shop.
Shop"worn` (?), a. Somewhat
worn or damaged by having been kept for a time in a shop.
Shor"age (?), n. Duty paid for
goods brought on shore.
Grabb.
Shore (?), imp. of
Shear.
Chaucer.
Shore, n. A sewer. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
Shore, n. [OE. schore; akin
to LG. schore, D. schoor, OD.
schoore, Icel. skor, and perhaps to E.
shear, as being a piece cut off.] A prop,
as a timber, placed as a brace or support against the side of a
building or other structure; a prop placed beneath anything, as a
beam, to prevent it from sinking or sagging.
[Written also shoar.]
Shore, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shored (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shoring.] [OE. schoren. See
Shore a prop.] To support by a shore or
shores; to prop; -- usually with up; as, to
shore up a building.
Shore, n. [OE. schore, AS.
score, probably fr. scieran, and so meaning
properly, that which is shorn off, edge; akin to OD.
schoore, schoor. See Shear,
v. t.] The coast or land adjacent to a
large body of water, as an ocean, lake, or large river.
Michael Cassio,
Lieutenant to the warlike Moor Othello,
Is come shore.
Shak.
The fruitful shore of muddy Nile.
Spenser.
In shore, near the shore.
Marryat. -- On shore. See under
On. -- Shore birds
(Zo\'94l.), a collective name for the various
limicoline birds found on the seashore. -- Shore
crab (Zo\'94l.), any crab found on the
beaches, or between tides, especially any one of various species
of grapsoid crabs, as Heterograpsus nudus of
California. -- Shore lark (Zo\'94l.),
a small American lark (Otocoris alpestris) found
in winter, both on the seacoast and on the Western plains. Its
upper parts are varied with dark brown and light brown. It has a
yellow throat, yellow local streaks, a black crescent on its
breast, a black streak below each eye, and two small black
erectile ear tufts. Called also horned
lark. -- Shore plover
(Zo\'94l.), a large-billed Australian plover
(Esacus magnirostris). It lives on the seashore, and
feeds on crustaceans, etc. -- Shore teetan
(Zo\'94l.), the rock pipit (Anthus
obscurus). [Prov. Eng.]
Shore (?), v. t. To set on
shore. [Obs.]
Shak.
Shore"less, a. Having no shore or coast;
of indefinite or unlimited extent; as, a shoreless
ocean.
Young.
Shore"ling (?), n. See
Shorling.
Shor"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, shores or props; a prop; a shore.
Shore"ward (?), adv. Toward the
shore.
Shor"ing, n. 1. The act of
supporting or strengthening with a prop or shore.
2. A system of props; props, collectively.
Shorl (?), n.,
Shor*la"ceous (,a.
(Min.) See Schorl,
Schorlaceous.
Shor"ling (?), n. 1.
The skin of a sheen after the fleece is shorn off, as
distinct from the morling, or skin taken from the dead
sheep; also, a sheep of the first year's shearing.
[Prov. Eng.]
2. A person who is shorn; a shaveling; hence, in
contempt, a priest. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Shorn (, p. p. of
Shear.
Short (?), a.
[Compar. Shorter (?);
superl. Shortest.] [OE.
short, schort, AS. scort,
sceort; akin to OHG. scurz, Icel.
skorta to be short of, to lack, and perhaps to E.
shear, v. t. Cf. Shirt.] 1.
Not long; having brief length or linear extension; as, a
short distance; a short piece of timber; a
short flight.
The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch
himself on it.
Isa. xxviii. 20.
2. Not extended in time; having very limited
duration; not protracted; as, short
breath.
The life so short, the craft so long to learn.
Chaucer.
To short absense I could yield.
Milton.
3. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient;
scanty; as, a short supply of provisions, or of
water.
4. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied;
scantily furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the
ordinary, standard; -- usually with of; as, to be
short of money.
We shall be short in our provision.
Shak.
5. Deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up,
as to a measure or standard; as, an account which is
short of the trith.
6. Not distant in time; near at hand.
Marinell was sore offended
That his departure thence should be so short.
Spenser.
He commanded those who were appointed to attend him to be
ready by a short day.
Clarendon.
7. Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not
comprehensive; narrow; not tenacious, as memory.
Their own short understandings reach
No farther than the present.
Rowe.
8. Less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not
equal or equivalent; less (than); -- with of.
Hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse
them again to war.
Landor.
9. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; as, he
gave a short answer to the question.
10. (Cookery) Breaking or crumbling
readily in the mouth; crisp; as, short
pastry.
11. (Metal) Brittle.
; as, cast iron may be
hot-short, owing to the presence of sulphur. Those
that are brittle when cold are called cold-short; as,
cast iron may be cold-short, on account of the
presence of phosphorus.
12. (Stock Exchange) Engaging or engaged
to deliver what is not possessed; as, short
contracts; to be short of stock. See The
shorts, under Short, n., and To sell
short, under Short, adv.
at short sight, that is, in a
little time after being presented to the payer.
13. (Phon.) Not prolonged, or relatively
less prolonged, in utterance; -- opposed to long, and
applied to vowels or to syllables. In English, the long and short
of the same letter are not, in most cases, the long and short of
the same sound; thus, the i in ill is the
short sound, not of i in isle, but of
ee in eel, and the e in
pet is the short sound of a in
pate, etc. See Quantity, and Guide to
Pronunciation,
Short is much used with participles to
form numerous self-explaining compounds; as,
short-armed, short-billed,
short-fingered, short-haired,
short-necked, short-sleeved,
short-tailed, short-winged,
short-wooled, etc.
At short notice, in a brief time;
promptly. -- Short rib (Anat.),
one of the false ribs. -- Short suit
(Whist), any suit having only three cards, or less
than three. R. A. Proctor. -- To come
short, To cut short, To fall
short, etc. See under Come,
Cut, etc.
Short, n. 1. A summary
account.
The short and the long is, our play is
preferred.
Shak.
2. pl. The part of milled grain sifted
out which is next finer than the bran.
The first remove above bran is shorts.
Halliwell.
3. pl. Short, inferior hemp.
4. pl. Breeches; shortclothes.
[Slang]
Dickens.
5. (Phonetics) A short sound, syllable,
or vowel.
If we compare the nearest conventional shorts and
longs in English, as in \'bdbit\'b8 and \'bdbeat,\'b8 \'bdnot\'b8
and \'bdnaught,\'b8 we find that the short vowels are generally
wide, the long narrow, besides being generally diphthongic as
well. Hence, originally short vowels can be lengthened and yet
kept quite distinct from the original longs.
H. Sweet.
In short, in few words; in brief;
briefly. -- The long and the short, the
whole; a brief summing up. -- The shorts
(Stock Exchange), those who are unsupplied with
stocks which they contracted to deliver.
Short (?), adv. In a short
manner; briefly; limitedly; abruptly; quickly; as, to stop
short in one's course; to turn
short.
He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible
for such presumptuous language.
Howell.
To sell short (Stock Exchange), to
sell, for future delivery, what the party selling does not own,
but hopes to buy at a lower rate.
Short, v. t. [AS.
sceortian.] To shorten.
[Obs.]
Short, v. i. To fail; to decrease.
[Obs.]
Short"age (?), n. Amount or
extent of deficiency, as determined by some requirement or
standard; as, a shortage in money
accounts.
Short"-breathed` (?), a. 1.
Having short-breath, or quick respiration.
2. Having short life.
Short"cake` (?), n. An
unsweetened breakfast cake shortened with butter or lard, rolled
thin, and baked.
Short" cir"cuit (?). (Elec.) A
circuit formed or closed by a conductor of relatively low
resistance because shorter or of relatively great
conductivity.
Short"-cir`cuit, v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Short-circuited; p. pr. & vb.
n. Short-circuiting.]
(Elec.) To join, as the electrodes of a battery
or dynamo or any two points of a circuit, by a conductor of low
resistance.
Short"clothes` (?), n.
Coverings for the legs of men or boys, consisting of
trousers which reach only to the knees, -- worn with long
stockings.
Short"com`ing (?), n. The act
of falling, or coming short; as: (a) The
failure of a crop, or the like. (b) Neglect
of, or failure in, performance of duty.
Short"-dat`ed (?), a. Having
little time to run from the date. \'bdThy
short-dated life.\'b8
Sandys.
Short"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shortened ;
p. pr. & vb. n. Shortening.]
[See Short, a.] 1.
To make short or shorter in measure, extent, or time;
as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road;
to shorten days of calamity.
2. To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or
extent; to lessen; to abridge; to curtail; to contract; as,
to shorten work, an allowance of food, etc.
Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am
shortened by my chain.
Dryden.
3. To make deficient (as to); to deprive; -- with
of.
Spoiled of his nose, and shortened of his ears.
Dryden.
4. To make short or friable, as pastry, with
butter, lard, pot liquor, or the like.
To shorten a rope (Naut.), to take
in the slack of it. -- To shorten sail
(Naut.), to reduce sail by taking it in.
Short"en, v. i. To become short or
shorter; as, the day shortens in northern latitudes
from June to December; a metallic rod shortens by
cold.
Short"en*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, shortens.
Short"en*ing, n. 1. The act of
making or becoming short or shorter.
2. (Cookery) That which renders pastry
short or friable, as butter, lard, etc.
Short"hand` (?), n. A
compendious and rapid method or writing by substituting
characters, abbreviations, or symbols, for letters, words, etc.;
short writing; stenography. See Illust. under
Phonography.
Short`-hand"ed, a. Short of, or lacking
the regular number of, servants or helpers.
Short"head` (?), n. A sucking
whale less than one year old; -- so called by sailors.
Short"horn` (?), a. One of a
breed of large, heavy domestic cattle having short horns. The
breed was developed in England.
Short"-joint`ed (?), a. Having
short intervals between the joints; -- said of a plant or an
animal, especially of a horse whose pastern is too short.
Short"-lived` (?), a. Not
living or lasting long; being of short continuance; as, a
short-lived race of beings; short-lived
pleasure; short-lived passion.
Short"ly, adv. [AS.
sceortlice.] 1. In a short or
brief time or manner; soon; quickly.
Chaucer.
I shall grow jealous of you shortly.
Shak.
The armies came shortly in view of each other.
Clarendon.
2. In few words; briefly; abruptly; curtly; as,
to express ideas more shortly in verse than in
prose.
Short"ness, n. The quality or state of
being short; want of reach or extension; brevity; deficiency;
as, the shortness of a journey; the
shortness of the days in winter; the shortness
of an essay; the shortness of the memory; a
shortness of provisions; shortness of
breath.
Short"sight`ed (?), a. 1.
Not able to see far; nearsighted; myopic. See
Myopic, and Myopia.
2. Fig.: Not able to look far into futurity; unable
to understand things deep; of limited intellect.
3. Having little regard for the future;
heedless.
-- Short"sight`ed*ly, adv. --
Short"sight`ed*ness, n.
Cunning is a kind of shortsightedness.
Addison.
Short"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking
in a quick or short manner; hence, gruff; curt.
[Colloq.]
Short"stop` (?), n.
(Baseball) The player stationed in the field
bewtween the second and third bases.
Short"-waist`ed (?), a. Having
a short waist.
Short"-wind`ed (?), a. Affected
with shortness of breath; having a quick, difficult respiration,
as dyspnoic and asthmatic persons.
May.
Short"wing` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small
wrenlike Asiatic birds having short wings and a short tail. They
belong to Brachypterix, Callene, and allied
genera.
<-- p. 1333 -->
Short"-wit`ed (?), a. Having
little wit; not wise; having scanty intellect or judgment.
Shor"y (?), a. Lying near the
shore. [Obs.]
Sho*sho"nes (?), n. pl.; sing.
Shoshone (.
(Ethnol.) A linguistic family or stock of North
American Indians, comprising many tribes, which extends from
Montana and Idaho into Mexico. In a restricted sense the name is
applied especially to the Snakes, the most northern of the
tribes.
Shot (?), imp. & p. p.
Shoot.
Shot, a. Woven in such a way as to
produce an effect of variegation, of changeable tints, or of
being figured; as, shot silks. See
Shoot, v. t., 8.
Shot, n. [AS. scot,
sceot, fr. sce\'a2tan to shoot; akin to D.
sschot, Icel. skot. Scot a share, Shoot, v. t., and cf.
Shot a shooting.] A share or proportion; a
reckoning; a scot.
Here no shots are where all shares be.
Chapman.
A man is never . . . welcome to a place till some certain
shot be paid and the hostess say \'bdWelcome.\'b8
Shak.
Shot, n.; pl. Shotor
Shots (#). [OE. shot,
schot, AS. gesceot a missile; akin to D.
schot a shot, shoot, G. schuss,
geschoss a missile, Icel. skot a throwing,
a javelin, and E. shoot, v.t. Shoot, and cf. Shot a share.] 1.
The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other weapon
which throws a missile.
He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be
made at the king's army.
Clarendon.
2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet;
specifically, whatever is discharged as a projectile from
firearms or cannon by the force of an explosive.
Shot used in war is of various kinds,
classified according to the material of which it is composed,
into lead, wrought-iron, and
cast-iron; according to form, into
spherical and oblong; according to
structure and modes of operation, into solid,
hollow, and case. See Bar
shot, Chain shot, etc., under Bar,
Chain, etc.
3. Small globular masses of lead, of various sizes,
-- used chiefly for killing game; as, bird shot;
buckshot.
4. The flight of a missile, or the distance which
it is, or can be, thrown; as, the vessel was distant more
than a cannon shot.
5. A marksman; one who practices shooting; as,
an exellent shot.
Shot belt, a belt having a pouch or
compartment for carrying shot. -- Shot cartridge,
a cartridge containing powder and small shot, forming a
charge for a shotgun. -- Shot garland
(Naut.), a wooden frame to contain shot, secured
to the coamings and ledges round the hatchways of a ship. --
Shot gauge, an instrument for measuring the
diameter of round shot. Totten. -- shot
hole, a hole made by a shot or bullet discharged.
-- Shot locker (Naut.), a strongly
framed compartment in the hold of a vessel, for containing
shot. -- Shot of a cable (Naut.),
the splicing of two or more cables together, or the whole
length of the cables thus united. -- Shot prop
(Naut.), a wooden prop covered with tarred hemp,
to stop a hole made by the shot of an enemy in a ship's
side. -- Shot tower, a lofty tower for making
shot, by dropping from its summit melted lead in slender streams.
The lead forms spherical drops which cool in the descent, and are
received in water or other liquid. -- Shot
window, a window projecting from the wall. Ritson,
quoted by Halliwell, explains it as a window that opens and
shuts; and Wodrow describes it as a window of shutters made of
timber and a few inches of glass above them.
Shot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shotted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shotting.] To load with shot, as a
gun.
Totten.
Shot"-clog` (?), n. A person
tolerated only because he pays the shot, or reckoning, for the
rest of the company, otherwise a mere clog on them.
[Old Slang]
Thou common shot-clog, gull of all companies.
Chapman.
Shote (?), n. [AS.
sce\'a2ta a darting fish, a trout, fr.
sce\'a2tan. See Shoot, v.
t.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A fish
resembling the trout. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Garew.
2. [Perh. a different word.] A young
hog; a shoat.
Shot"-free` (?), a. Not to be
injured by shot; shot-proof. [Obs.]
Feltham.
Shot"-free`, a. Free from charge or
expense; hence, unpunished; scot-free. [Obs.]
Shak.
Shot"gun` (?), n. A light,
smooth-bored gun, often double-barreled, especially designed for
firing small shot at short range, and killing small game.
Shot"-proof` (?), a.
Impenetrable by shot.
Shots (?), n. pl. The refuse of
cattle taken from a drove. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Shot"ted (?), a. 1.
Loaded with shot.
2. (Med.) Having a shot attached;
as, a shotten suture.
Shot"ten (?), n. [Properly p.
p. of shoot; AS. scoten,
sceoten, p. p. of sce\'a2tan.]
1. Having ejected the spawn; as, a
shotten herring.
Shak.
2. Shot out of its socket; dislocated, as a
bone.
Shough (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A shockdog.
Shough (?), interj. See
Shoo.
Beau & Fl.
Should (?), imp. of
Shall. [OE. sholde,
shulde, scholde, schulde, AS.
scolde, sceolde. See Shall.]
Used as an auxiliary verb, to express a conditional or
contingent act or state, or as a supposition of an actual fact;
also, to express moral obligation (see Shall); e.
g.: they should have come last week; if I
should go; I should think you could
go. \'bdYou have done that you should be sorry
for.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- See Ought.
Shoul"der (?), n. [OE.
shulder, shuldre, schutder, AS.
sculdor; akin to D. schoulder, G.
schulter, OHG. scultarra, Dan.
skulder, Sw. skuldra.] 1.
(Anat.) The joint, or the region of the joint, by
which the fore limb is connected with the body or with the
shoulder girdle; the projection formed by the bones and muscles
about that joint.
2. The flesh and muscles connected with the
shoulder joint; the upper part of the back; that part of the
human frame on which it is most easy to carry a heavy burden; --
often used in the plural.
Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders
bore
The gates of Azza.
Milton.
Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair.
Dryden.
3. Fig.: That which supports or sustains;
support.
In thy shoulder do I build my seat.
Shak.
4. That which resembles a human shoulder, as any
protuberance or projection from the body of a thing.
The north western shoulder of the mountain.
Sir W. Scott.
5. The upper joint of the fore leg and adjacent
parts of an animal, dressed for market; as, a
shoulder of mutton.
6. (Fort.) The angle of a bastion
included between the face and flank. See Illust. of
Bastion.
7. An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on
an object, or limits motion, etc., as the projection around a
tenon at the end of a piece of timber, the part of the top of a
type which projects beyond the base of the raised character,
etc.
Shoulder belt, a belt that passes across the
shoulder. -- Shoulder blade (Anat.),
the flat bone of the shoulder, to which the humerus is
articulated; the scapula. -- Shoulder block
(Naut.), a block with a projection, or shoulder,
near the upper end, so that it can rest against a spar without
jamming the rope. -- Shoulder clapper, one
who claps another on the shoulder, or who uses great familiarity.
[Obs.] Shak. -- Shoulder
girdle. (Anat.) See Pectoral
girdle, under Pectoral. -- Shoulder
knot, an ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the
shoulder; a kind of epaulet or braided ornament worn as part of a
military uniform. -- Shoulder-of-mutton sail
(Naut.), a triangular sail carried on a boat's
mast; -- so called from its shape. -- Shoulder
slip, dislocation of the shoulder, or of the humerous.
Swift. -- Shoulder strap, a strap
worn on or over the shoulder. Specifically (Mil. &
Naval), a narrow strap worn on the shoulder of a
commissioned officer, indicating, by a suitable device, the rank
he holds in the service. See Illust. in App.
Shoul"der (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shouldered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shouldering.] 1. To push or
thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence; to jostle.
As they the earth would shoulder from her seat.
Spenser.
Around her numberless the rabble flowed,
Shouldering each other, crowding for a view.
Rowe.
2. To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; as,
to shoulder a basket; hence, to assume the burden
or responsibility of; as, to shoulder blame; to
shoulder a debt.
As if Hercules
Or burly Atlas shouldered up their state.
Marston.
Right shoulder arms (Mil.), a
position in the Manual of Arms which the piece is placed on the
right shoulder, with the lock plate up, and the muzzle elevated
and inclined to the left, and held as in the
illustration.
Shoul"dered (?), a. Having
shoulders; -- used in composition; as, a
broad-shouldered man. \'bdHe was
short-shouldered.\'b8
Chaucer.
Shoul"der-shot`ten (?), a.
Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse.
Shak.
Shout (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Shouted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Shouting.] [OE.
shouten, of unknown origin; perhaps akin to
shoot; cf. Icel. sk,
sk, a taunt.] To utter a sudden and
loud outcry, as in joy, triumph, or exultation, or to attract
attention, to animate soldiers, etc.
Shouting of the men and women eke.
Chaucer.
They shouted thrice: what was the last cry for?
Shak.
To shout at, to utter shouts at; to deride or
revile with shouts.
Shout, v. t. 1. To utter with a
shout; to cry; -- sometimes with out; as, to
shout, or to shout out, a man's
name.
2. To treat with shouts or clamor.
Bp. Hall.
Shout, n. A loud burst of voice or
voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, especially of a multitudes
expressing joy, triumph, exultation, or animated courage.
The Rhodians, seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great
shout in derision.
Knolles.
Shout"er (?), n. One who
shouts.
Shove (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shoved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Shoving.]
[OE. shoven, AS. scofian, fr.
sc; akin to OFries. sk, D.
schuiven, G. schieben, OHG.
scioban, Icel. sk, sk,
Sw. skuffa, Dan. skuffe, Goth.
afskiuban to put away, cast away; cf. Skr.
kshubh to become agitated, to quake, Lith.
skubrus quick, skubinti to hasten.
Sheaf a bundle of stalks,
Scoop, Scuffle.] 1. To
drive along by the direct and continuous application of strength;
to push; especially, to push (a body) so as to make it move along
the surface of another body; as, to shove a boat on
the water; to shove a table across the floor.
2. To push along, aside, or away, in a careless or
rude manner; to jostle.
And shove away the worthy bidden guest.
Milton.
He used to shove and elbow his fellow servants.
Arbuthnot.
Shove, v. i. 1. To push or
drive forward; to move onward by pushing or jostling.
2. To move off or along by an act pushing, as with
an oar a pole used by one in a boat; sometimes with
off.
He grasped the oar,<
eceived his guests on board, and shoved from
shore.
Garth.
Shove (?), n. The act of
shoving; a forcible push.
I rested . . . and then gave the boat another
shove.
Swift.
Syn. -- See Thrust.
Shove, obs. p. p. of
Shove.
Chaucer.
{ Shove"board` (?), Shove"groat`
(?) }, n. The same as
Shovelboard.
Shov"el (?), n. [OE.
shovele, schovele, AS. scoft,
sceoft; akin to D. schoffel, G.
schaufel, OHG. sc, Dan.
skovl, Sw. skofvel, skyffel, and
to E. shove. Shove, v.
t.] An implement consisting of a broad scoop, or
more or less hollow blade, with a handle, used for lifting and
throwing earth, coal, grain, or other loose substances.
Shovel hat, a broad-brimmed hat, turned up at the
sides, and projecting in front like a shovel, -- worn by some
clergy of the English Church. [Colloq.] --
Shovelspur (Zo\'94l.), a flat,
horny process on the tarsus of some toads, -- used in
burrowing. -- Steam shovel, a machine with a
scoop or scoops, operated by a steam engine, for excavating
earth, as in making railway cuttings.
Shov"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shoveled (?) or Shovelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Shoveling or
Shovelling.] 1. To take up and
throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a
heap, or into a cart, or out of a pit.
2. To gather up as with a shovel.
Shov"el*ard (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Shoveler. [Prov.
Eng.]
Shov"el*bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The shoveler.
Shov"el*board` (?), n. 1.
A board on which a game is played, by pushing or driving
pieces of metal or money to reach certain marks; also, the game
itself. Called also shuffleboard,
shoveboard, shovegroat,
shovelpenny.<-- now usu. shuffleboard.
-->
2. A game played on board ship in which the aim is
to shove or drive with a cue wooden disks into divisions chalked
on the deck; -- called also
shuffleboard.
Shov"el*er (?), n. [Also
shoveller.] 1. One who, or that
which, shovels.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A river duck (Spatula
clypeata), native of Europe and America. It has a large
bill, broadest towards the tip. The male is handsomely variegated
with green, blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the head
and neck are dark green. Called also
broadbill, spoonbill,
shovelbill, and maiden
duck. The Australian shoveler, or shovel-nosed duck
(S. rhynchotis), is a similar species.
Shov"el*ful (?), n.; pl.
Shovelfuls (. As much as a
shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel.
Shov"el*head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A shark (Sphryna tiburio)
allied to the hammerhead, and native of the warmer parts of the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans; -- called also bonnet
shark.
Shov"el*nose` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The common sand shark.
See under Snad. (b) A small
California shark (Heptranchias maculatus), which is
taken for its oil. (c) A Pacific Ocean shark
(Hexanchus corinus). (d) A ganoid
fish of the Sturgeon family (Scaphirhynchus
platyrhynchus) of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers; --
called also white sturgeon.
Shov"el-nosed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a broad, flat nose; as, the
shovel-nosed duck, or shoveler.
Shov"en (?), obs. p.
p. of Shove.
Chaucer.
Show (?), v. t.
[imp. Showed (?); p.
p. Shown (?) or Showed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Showing. It is sometimes
written shew, shewed, shewn,
shewing.] [OE.
schowen, shewen, schewen,
shawen, AS. sce\'a0wian, to look, see,
view; akin to OS. scaw, OFries. skawia,
D. schouwen, OHG. scouw, G.
schauen, Dan. skue, Sw. sk,
Icel. sko, Goth. usskawjan to waken,
skuggwa a mirror, Icel. skuggy shade,
shadow, L. cavere to be on one's guard, Gr. kavi wise. Cf.
Caution, Scavenger, Sheen.]
1. To exhibit or present to view; to place in
sight; to display; -- the thing exhibited being the object, and
often with an indirect object denoting the person or thing seeing
or beholding; as, to show a house; show
your colors; shopkeepers show customers goods (show
goods to customers).
Go thy way, shew thyself to the priest.
Matt. viii. 4.
Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise
Magnificence; and what can heaven show more?
Milton.
2. To exhibit to the mental view; to tell; to
disclose; to reveal; to make known; as, to show
one's designs.
Shew them the way wherein they must walk.
Ex. xviii. 20.
If it please my father to do thee evil, then I will
shew it thee, and send thee away.
1 Sam. xx. 13.
3. Specifically, to make known the way to (a
person); hence, to direct; to guide; to asher; to conduct;
as, to show a person into a parlor; to show
one to the door.
4. To make apparent or clear, as by evidence,
testimony, or reasoning; to prove; to explain; also, to manifest;
to evince; as, to show the truth of a statement; to
show the causes of an event.
I 'll show my duty by my timely care.
Dryden.
5. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to
show favor.
Shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love
me.
Ex. xx. 6.
To show forth, to manifest; to publish; to
proclaim. -- To show his paces, to exhibit
the gait, speed, or the like; -- said especially of a horse.
-- To show off, to exhibit ostentatiously. --
To show up, to expose.
[Colloq.]
Show, v. i. [Written also
shew.] 1. To exhibit or manifest
one's self or itself; to appear; to look; to be in appearance; to
seem.
Just such she shows before a rising storm.
Dryden.
All round a hedge upshoots, and shows
At distance like a little wood.
Tennyson.
<-- p. 1334 -->
2. To have a certain appearance, as well or ill,
fit or unfit; to become or suit; to appear.
My lord of York, it better showed with you.
Shak.
To show off, to make a show; to display one's
self.
Show (?), n. [Formerly written
also shew.] 1. The act of showing,
or bringing to view; exposure to sight; exhibition.
2. That which os shown, or brought to view; that
which is arranged to be seen; a spectacle; an exhibition; as,
a traveling show; a cattle show.
As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such shows.
Bacon.
3. Proud or ostentatious display; parade;
pomp.
I envy none their pageantry and show.
Young.
4. Semblance; likeness; appearance.
He through the midst unmarked,
In show plebeian angel militant
Of lowest order, passed.
Milton.
5. False semblance; deceitful appearance;
pretense.
Beware of the scribes, . . . which devour widows' houses, and
for a shew make long prayers.
Luke xx. 46. 47.
6. (Med.) A discharge, from the vagina,
of mucus streaked with blood, occuring a short time before
labor.
7. (Mining) A pale blue flame, at the
top of a candle flame, indicating the presence of fire
damp.
Raymond.
Show bill, a broad sheet containing an
advertisement in large letters. -- Show box,
a box xontaining some object of curiosity carried round as a
show. -- Show card, an advertising placard;
also, a card for displaying samples. -- Show
case, a gla -- Show glass, a glass which
displays objects; a mirror. -- Show of hands,
a raising of hands to indicate judgment; as, the vote was
taken by a show of hands. -- Show
stone, a piece of glass or crystal supposed to have the
property of exhibiting images of persons or things not present,
indicating in that way future events.
Show"bread` (?), n. (Jewish
Antiq.) Bread of exhibition; loaves to set before God;
-- the term used in translating the various phrases used in the
Hebrew and Greek to designate the loaves of bread which the
priest of the week placed before the Lord on the golden table in
the sanctuary. They were made of fine flour unleavened, and were
changed every Sabbath. The loaves, twelve in number, represented
the twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be eaten by the priests
only, and in the Holy Place. [Written also
shewbread.]
Mark ii. 26.
Show"er (?), n. 1. One
who shows or exhibits.
2. That which shows; a mirror.
[Obs.]
Wyclif.
Show"er (?), n. [OE.
shour, schour, AS. se; akin
to D. schoer, G. schauer, OHG.
sc, Icel. sk, Sw. skur,
Goth. sk a storm of wind; of uncertain
origin.] 1. A fall or rain or hail of short
duration; sometimes, but rarely, a like fall of snow.
In drought or else showers.
Chaucer.
Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers.
Milton.
2. That which resembles a shower in falling or
passing through the air copiously and rapidly.
With showers of stones he drives them far away.
Pope.
3. A copious supply bestowed.
[R.]
He and myself
Have travail'd in the great shower of your gifts.
Shak.
Shower bath, a bath in which water is showered
from above, and sometimes from the sides also.
Show"er, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Showered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Showering.] 1. To
water with a shower; to
Lest it again dissolve and shower the earth.
Milton.
2. To bestow liberally; to destribute or scatter in
Shak.
Cshowers down greatness on his friends.
Addison.
Show"er, v. i. To rain in showers; to
fall, as in a hower or showers.
Shak.
Show"er*ful (?), a. Full of
showers.
Tennyson.
Show"er*i*ness (?), n. Quality
of being showery.
Show"er*less, a. Rainless; freo from
showers.
Show"er*y (?), a. 1.
Raining in showers; abounding with frequent showers of
rain.
2. Of or pertaining to a shower or showers.
\'bdColors of the showery arch.\'b8
Milton.
Show"i*ly (?), adv. In a showy
manner; pompously; with parade.
Show"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being showy; pompousness; great parade; ostentation.
Show"ing, n. 1. Appearance;
display; exhibition.
2. Presentation of facts; statement.
J. S. Mill.
Show"ish, a. Showy; ostentatious.
Swift.
Show"man (?), n.; pl.
Showmen (#). One who exhibits a
show; a proprietor of a show.
<-- 1 (b) esp. a producer of an entertainment .
2. One who has a knack for dramatic or entertaining presentation.
-->
Shown (?), p. p. of
Show.
Show"room` (?), n. A room or
apartment where a show is exhibited.
2. A room where merchandise is exposed for sale, or
where samples are displayed.
Show"y (?), a.
[Compar. Showier (;
superl. Showiest.] Making a show;
attracting attention; presenting a marked appearance;
ostentatious; gay; gaudy.
A present of everything that was rich and
showy.
Addison.
Syn. -- Splendid; gay; gaudy; gorgeous; fine; magnificent;
grand; stately; sumptuous; pompous.
Shrag (?), n. [CF.
Scrag.] A twig of a tree cut off.
[Obs.]
Shrag, v. t. To trim, as trees; to
lop. [Obs.]
Shrag"ger (?), n. One who lops;
one who trims trees. [Obs.]
Huloet.
Shram (?), v. t. [Cf.
Shrink.] To cause to shrink or shrivel with cold; to
benumb. [Prov. Eng.]
Shrank (?), imp. of
Shrink.
{ Shrap (?), Shrape (?),
} n. [Cf. Scrap, and
Scrape.] A place baited with chaff to entice
birds. [Written also scrap.]
[Obs.]
Bp. Bedell.
Shrap"nel (?), a. Applied as an
appellation to a kind of shell invented by Gen. H.
Shrapnel of the British army. --
n. A shrapnel shell; shrapnel shells,
collectively.
Shrapnel shell (Gunnery), a
projectile for a cannon, consisting of a shell filled with
bullets and a small bursting charge to scatter them at any given
point while in flight. See the Note under Case
shot.
Shred (?), n. [OE.
shrede, schrede, AS. scre\'a0de;
akin to OD. schroode, G. schrot a piece cut
off, Icel. skrjo\'ebr a shred, and to E.
shroud. Cf. Screed, Scroll,
Scrutiny.] 1. A long, narrow piece
cut or torn off; a strip. \'bdShreds of tanned
leather.\'b8
Bacon.
2. In general, a fragment; a piece; a
particle.
Shak.
Shred, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shred or Shredded (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Shredding.]
[OE. shreden, schreden, AS.
scre\'a0dian; akin to OD. schrooden, OHG.
scr, G. schroten. See Shred,
n.] 1. To cut or tear into small
pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces, as of cloth or
leather.
Chaucer.
2. To lop; to prune; to trim.
[Obs.]
Shred"cook` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The fieldfare; -- so called from its
harsh cry before rain. [Prov. Eng.]
Shred"ding (?), n. 1.
The act of cutting or tearing into shreds.
2. That which is cut or torn off; a piece.
Hooker.
Shred"dy (?), a. Consisting of
shreds.
Shred"less, a. Having no shreds; without
a shred.
And those which waved are shredless dust ere
now.
Byron.
Shrew (?), a. [OE.
shrewe, schrewe. Cf.
Shrewd.] Wicked; malicious.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Shrew, n. [See Shrew,
a.] 1. Originally, a brawling,
turbulent, vexatious person of either sex, but now restricted in
use to females; a brawler; a scold.
A man . . . grudgeth that shrews [i. e., bad men]
have prosperity, or else that good men have adversity.
Chaucer.
A man had got a shrew to his wife, and there could
be no quiet in the house for her.
L'Estrange.
2. [AS. scre\'a0wa; -- so called because
supposed to be venomous. ] (Zo\'94l.) Any
small insectivore of the genus Sorex and several
allied genera of the family Sorecid\'91. In form and
color they resemble mice, but they have a longer and more pointed
nose. Some of them are the smallest of all mammals.
Crocidura araneus), and the erd shrew (Sorex
vulgaris) (see under Erd.). In the United States
several species of Sorex and Blarina are
common, as the broadnosed shrew (S. platyrhinus),
Cooper's shrew (S. Cooperi), and the short-tailed, or
mole, shrew (Blarina brevicauda). Th American water,
or marsh, shrew (Neosorex palustris), with fringed
feet, is less common. The common European water shrews are
Crossopus fodiens, and the oared shrew (see under
Oared).
Earth shrew, any shrewlike burrowing animal of
the family Centetid\'91, as the tendrac. --
Elephant shrew, Jumping shrew,
Mole shrew. See under Elephant,
Jumping, etc. -- Musk shrew. See
Desman. -- River shrew, an aquatic
West African insectivore (Potamogale velox) resembling
a weasel in form and size, but having a large flattened and
crested tail adapted for rapid swimming. It feeds on fishes.
-- Shrew mole, a common large North American mole
(Scalops aquaticus). Its fine, soft fur is gray with
iridescent purple tints.
Shrew, v. t. [See Shrew,
a., and cf. Beshrew.] To beshrew;
to curse. [Obs.] \'bdI shrew
myself.\'b8
Chaucer.
Shrewd (?), a.
[Compar. Shrewder (?);
superl. Shrewdest.]
[Originally the p. p. of shrew, v.t.]
1. Inclining to shrew; disposing to curse or scold;
hence, vicious; malicious; evil; wicked; mischievous; vexatious;
rough; unfair; shrewish. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
[Egypt] hath many shrewd havens, because of the
great rocks that ben strong and dangerous to pass by.
Sir J. Mandeville.
Every of this happy number
That have endured shrewd days and nights with us.
Shak.
2. Artful; wily; cunning; arch.
These women are shrewd tempters with their
tongues.
Shak.
3. Able or clever in practical affairs; sharp in
business; astute; sharp-witted; sagacious; keen; as, a
shrewd observer; a shrewd design; a
shrewd reply.
Professing to despise the ill opinion of mankind creates a
shrewd suspicion that we have deserved it.
Secker.
Syn. -- Keen; critical; subtle; artful; astute; sagacious;
discerning; acute; penetrating. -- Shrewd,
Sagacious. One who is shrewd is keen to detect errors,
to penetrate disguises, to foresee and guard against the
selfishness of others. Shrewd is a word of less
dignity than sagacious, which implies a comprehensive
as well as penetrating mind, whereas shrewd does
not.
-- Shrewd"ly, adv. --
Shrewd"ness, n.
Shrew"ish (?), a. having the
qualities of a shrew; having a scolding disposition; froward;
peevish.
My wife is shrewish when I keep not hours.
Shak.
-- Shrew"ish*ly, adv. --
Shrew"ish*ness, n.
Shrew"mouse` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A shrew; especially, the erd
shrew.
<-- Sorex vulgaris -->
Shriek (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Shrieked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shrieking.] [OE. shriken,
originallythe same word as E. screech. See
Screech, and cf. Screak.] To utter a
loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry, as do some birds and beasts; to
scream, as in a sudden fright, in horror or anguish.
It was the owl that shrieked.
Shak.
At this she shrieked aloud; the mournful train
Echoed her grief.
Dryden.
Shriek (?), v. t. To utter
sharply and shrilly; to utter in or with a shriek or
shrieks.
On top whereof aye dwelt the ghostly owl,
Shrieking his baleful note.
Spenser.
She shrieked his name
To the dark woods.
Moore.
Shriek, n. A sharp, shrill outcry or
scream; a shrill wild cry such as is caused by sudden or extreme
terror, pain, or the like.
Shrieks, clamors, murmurs, fill the frighted
town.
Dryden.
Shriek owl. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The screech owl. (b) The swift; -- so
called from its cry.
Shriek"er (?), n. One who
utters a shriek.
Shriev"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a sheriff.
Shriev"al*ty (?), n. [Contr.
from sheriffalty. See Shrieve, n.
Sheriff.] The office, or sphere of
jurisdiction, of a sheriff; sheriffalty.
It was ordained by 28 Edward I that the people shall have
election of sheriff in every shire where the
shrievalty is not of inheritance.
Blackstone.
Shrieve (?), n. [Contr. from
OE. shereve. See Sheriff.] A
sheriff. [Obs.]
Shak.
Shrieve, v. t. To shrive; to
question. [Obs.] \'bdShe gan him soft to
shrieve.\'b8
Spenser.
Shrift (?), n. [OE.
shrift, schrift, AS. scrift, fr.
scr\'c6fan to shrive. See Shrive.]
1. The act of shriving.
In shrift and preaching is my diligence.
Chaucer.
2. Confession made to a priest, and the absolution
consequent upon it.
Chaucer.
Have you got leave to go to shrift to-day?
Shak.
Therefore, my lord, address you to your shrift,
And be yourself; for you must die this instant.
Rowe.
Shrift father, a priest to whom confession is
made.
Shright (?), obs. imp. &
p. p. of Shriek.
She cried alway and shright.
Chaucer.
Shright, n. [See Shriek.]
A shriek; shrieking. [Obs]
Spenser. \'bdAll hoarse for shright.\'b8
Chaucer.
Shrike (?), n. [Akin to Icel.
skr\'c6kja a shrieker, the shrike, and E.
shriek; cf. AS. scr\'c6c a thrush. See
Shriek, v. i.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of oscinine birds of the family
Laniid\'91, having a strong hooked bill, toothed at
the tip. Most shrikes are insectivorous, but the common European
gray shrike (Lanius excubitor), the great northern
shrike (L. borealis), and several others, kill mice,
small birds, etc., and often impale them on thorns, and are, on
that account called also butcher birds. See
under Butcher.
Formicarid\'91. The cuckoo shrikes
of the East Indies and Australia are Oscines of the family
Campephagid\'91. The drongo shrikes of the same
regions belong to the related family Dicrurid\'91. See
Drongo.
Crow shrike. See under Crow. --
Shrike thrush. (a) Any one of several
species of Asiatic timaline birds of the genera
Thamnocataphus, Gampsorhynchus, and
allies. (b) Any one of several species of
shrikelike Australian singing birds of the genus
Colluricincla. -- Shrike tit.
(a) Any one of several Australian birds of the genus
Falcunculus, having a strong toothed bill and sharp
claws. They creep over the bark of trees, like titmice, in search
of insects. (b) Any one of several species of
small Asiatic birds belonging to Allotrius,
Pteruthius, Cutia, Leioptila,
and allied genera, related to the true tits. Called also
hill tit. -- Swallow shrike.
See under Swallow.
Shrill (?), a.
[Compar. Shriller (?);
superl. Shrillest.] [OE.
shril, schril; akin to LG.
schrell, G. schrill. See
Shrill,v. i.] Acute; sharp;
piercing; having or emitting a sharp, piercing tone or sound; --
said a sound, or of that which produces a sound.
Hear the shrill whistle which doth order give
To sounds confused.
Shak.
Let winds be shrill, let waves roll high.
Byron.
Shrill, n. A shrill sound.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Shrill, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Shrilled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shrilling.] [OE.
schrillen, akin to G. schrillen; cf. AS.
scralletan to resound loudly, Icel.
skr\'94lta to jolt, Sw. skr\'84lla to
shrill, Norw. skryla, skr. Cf.
Skirl.] To utter an acute, piercing sound; to
sound with a sharp, shrill tone; to become shrill.
Break we our pipes, that shrilledloud as lark.
Spenser.
No sounds were heard but of the shrilling cock.
Goldsmith.
His voice shrilled with passion.
L. Wallace.
Shrill, v. t. To utter or express in a
shrill tone; to cause to make a shrill sound.
How poor Andromache shrills her dolors forth.
Shak.
Shrill"-gorged` (?), a. Having
a throat which produces a shrill note. [R.]
Shak.
Shrill"ness, n. The quality or state of
being shrill.
Shrill"-tongued` (?), a. Having
a shrill voice. \'bdWhen shrill-tongued Fulvia
scolds.\'b8
Shak.
Shril"ly, adv. In a shrill manner;
acutely; with a sharp sound or voice.
Shril"ly, a. Somewhat shrill.
[Poetic]
Sir W. Scott.
Some kept up a shrilly mellow sound.
Keats.
Shrimp (?), v. t. [Cf. AS.
scrimman to dry up, wither, MHG. schrimpfen
to shrink, G. schrumpfen, Dan. skrumpe,
skrumpes, Da. & Sw. skrumpen shriveled. Cf.
Scrimp, Shrink, Shrivel.]
To contract; to shrink. [Obs.]
Shrimp, n. [OE. shrimp; --
probably so named from its shriveled appearance. See
Shrimp, v.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous
species of macruran Crustacea belonging to Crangon and
various allied genera, having a slender body and long legs. Many
of them are used as food. The larger kinds are called also
prawns. See Illust. of
Decapoda. (b) In a more general
sense, any species of the macruran tribe Caridea, or
any species of the order Schizopoda, having a similar form.
(c) In a loose sense, any small crustacean,
including some amphipods and even certain entomostracans; as,
the fairy shrimp, and brine shrimp. See
under Fairy, and Brine.
<-- p. 1335 -->
2. Figuratively, a little wrinkled man; a dwarf; --
in contempt.
This weak and writhled shrimp.
Shak.
Opossum shrimp. (Zo\'94l.) See
under Opossum. -- Spector shrimp,
Skeleton shrimp (Zo\'94l.),
any slender amphipod crustacean of the genus
Caprella and allied genera. See Illust.
under L\'91modopoda. -- Shrimp catcher
(Zo\'94l.), the little tern (Sterna
minuta). -- Shrimp net, a dredge net
fixed upon a pole, or a sweep net dragged over the fishing
ground.
Shrimp"er (?), n. One who
fishes for shrimps.
Shrine (?), n. [OE.
schrin, AS. scr\'c6n, from L.
scrinium a case, chest, box.] 1. A
case, box, or receptacle, especially one in which are deposited
sacred relics, as the bones of a saint.
2. Any sacred place, as an altar, tromb, or the
like.
Too weak the sacred shrine guard.
Byron.
3. A place or object hallowed from its history or
associations; as, a shrine of art.
Shrine, v. t. To enshrine; to place
reverently, as in a shrine. \'bdShrined in his
sanctuary.\'b8
Milton.
Shrink (?), v. i.
[imp. Shrank (?) or
Shrunk (?) p. p. Shrunk or
Shrunken (, but the latter is now seldom
used except as a participial adjective; p. pr. & vb.
n. Shrinking.] [OE.
shrinken, schrinken, AS.
scrincan; akin to OD. schrincken, and
probably to Sw. skrynka a wrinkle, skrynkla
to wrinkle, to rumple, and E. shrimp, n. & v.,
scrimp. CF. Shrimp.] 1.
To wrinkle, bend, or curl; to shrivel; hence, to contract
into a less extent or compass; to gather together; to become
compacted.
And on a broken reed he still did stay
His feeble steps, which shrunk when hard thereon he
lay.
Spenser.
I have not found that water, by mixture of ashes, will
shrink or draw into less room.
Bacon.
Against this fire do I shrink up.
Shak.
And shrink like parchment in consuming fire.
Dryden.
All the boards did shrink.
Coleridge.
2. To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to
decline action from fear; to recoil, as in fear, horror, or
distress.
What happier natures shrink at with affright,
The hard inhabitant contends is right.
Pope.
They assisted us against the Thebans when you
shrank from the task.
Jowett (Thucyd.)
3. To express fear, horror, or pain by contracting
the body, or part of it; to shudder; to quake.
[R.]
Shak.
Shrink, v. t. 1. To cause to
contract or shrink; as, to shrink finnel by imersing
it in boiling water.
2. To draw back; to withdraw.
[Obs.]
The Libyc Hammon shrinks his horn.
Milton.
To shrink on (Mach.), to fix (one
piece or part) firmly around (another) by natural contraction in
cooling, as a tire on a wheel, or a hoop upon a cannon, which is
made slightly smaller than the part it is to fit, and expanded by
heat till it can be slipped into place.
Shrink, n. The act shrinking; shrinkage;
contraction; also, recoil; withdrawal.
Yet almost wish, with sudden shrink,
That I had less to praise.
Leigh Hunt.
Shrink"age (?), n. 1.
The act of shrinking; a contraction into less bulk or
measurement.
2. The amount of such contraction; the bulk or
dimension lost by shrinking, as of grain, castings, etc.
3. Decrease in value; depreciation.
[Colloq.]
Shrink"er (?), n. One who
shrinks; one who withdraws from danger.
Shrink"ing, a. & n. from
Shrink.
Shrinking head (Founding), a body
of molten metal connected with a mold for the purpose of
supplying metal to compensate for the shrinkage of the casting;
-- called also sinking head, and
riser.
Shrink"ing*ly, adv. In a shrinking
manner.
Shriv"al*ty (?), n.
Shrievalty.
Johnson.
Shrive (?), v. t.
[imp. Shrived (?) or
Shrove (; p. p. Shriven
(?) or Shrived; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shriving.] [OE. shriven,
schriven, AS. scr\'c6van to shrive, to
impose penance or punishment; akin to OFries.
skr\'c6va to impose punishment; cf. OS.
biskr\'c6ban to be troubled. Cf. Shrift,
Shrovetide.] 1. To hear or receive
the confession of; to administer confession and absolution to; --
said of a priest as the agent.
That they should shrive their parishioners.
Piers Plowman.
Doubtless he shrives this woman, . . .
Else ne'er could he so long protract his speech.
Shak.
Till my guilty soul be shriven.
Longfellow.
2. To confess, and receive absolution; -- used
reflexively.
Get you to the church and shrive yourself.
Beau & Fl.
Shrive, v. i. To receive confessions, as
a priest; to administer confession and absolution.
Spenser.
Shriv"el (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Shriveled
(?) or Shrivelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shriveling or Shrivelling.]
[Probably akin to shrimp, shrink; cf.
dial. AS. screpa to pine away, Norw. skrypa
to waste, skryp, skryv, transitory, frail,
Sw. skr\'94pling feeble, Dan. skr\'94belig,
Icel. skrj brittle, frail.] To draw,
or be drawn, into wrinkles; to shrink, and form corrugations;
as, a leaf shriveles in the hot sun; the skin
shrivels with age; -- often with
up.
Shriv"el (?), v. t. To cause to
shrivel or contract; to cause to shrink onto corruptions.
Shriv"en (?), p. p. of
Shrive.
Shriv"er (?), n. One who
shrives; a confessor.
Shriv"ing, n. Shrift; confession.
Spenser.
Shroff (?), n. [Ar.
sarr\'bef.] A banker, or changer of
money. [East Indies]
Shroff"age (?), n. The
examination of coins, and the separation of the good from the
debased. [East Indies]
Shrood (?), v. t. [Cf.
Shroud.] [Written also shroud,
and shrowd.] To trim; to lop.
[Prov. Eng.]
Shroud (?), n. [OE.
shroud, shrud, schrud, AS.
scr a garment, clothing; akin to Icel.
skru the shrouds of a ship, furniture of a church,
a kind of stuff, Sw. skrud dress, attire, and E.
shred. See Shred, and cf.
Shrood.] 1. That which clothes,
covers, conceals, or protects; a garment.
Piers Plowman.
Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds.
Sandys.
2. Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding
sheet. \'bdA dead man in his shroud.\'b8
Shak.
3. That which covers or shelters like a
shroud.
Jura answers through her misty shroud.
Byron.
4. A covered place used as a retreat or shelter, as
a cave or den; also, a vault or crypt. [Obs.]
The shroud to which he won
His fair-eyed oxen.
Chapman.
A vault, or shroud, as under a church.
Withals.
5. The branching top of a tree; foliage.
[R.]
The Assyrian wad a cedar in Lebanon, with fair branches and
with a shadowing shroad.
Ezek. xxxi. 3.
6. pl. (Naut.) A set of
ropes serving as stays to support the masts. The lower shrouds
are secured to the sides of vessels by heavy iron bolts and are
passed around the head of the lower masts.
7. (Mach.) One of the two annular plates
at the periphery of a water wheel, which form the sides of the
buckets; a shroud plate.
Bowsprit shrouds (Naut.), ropes
extending from the head of the bowsprit to the sides of the
vessel. -- Futtock shrouds (Naut.),
iron rods connecting the topmast rigging with the lower
rigging, passing over the edge of the top. -- Shroud
plate. (a) (Naut.) An iron plate
extending from the dead-eyes to the ship's side. Ham.
Nav. Encyc. (b) (Mach.) A shroud.
See def. 7, above.
Shroud, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shrouded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shrouding.] [Cf. AS.
scr. See Shroud, n.]
1. To cover with a shroud; especially, to inclose
in a winding sheet; to dress for the grave.
The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in a
number of folds of linen besmeared with gums.
Bacon.
2. To cover, as with a shroud; to protect
completely; to cover so as to conceal; to hide; to veil.
One of these trees, with all his young ones, may
shroud four hundred horsemen.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Some tempest rise,
And blow out all the stars that light the skies,
To shroud my shame.
Dryden.
Shroud, v. i. To take shelter or
harbor. [Obs.]
If your stray attendance be yet lodged,
Or shroud within these limits.
Milton.
Shroud, v. t. To lop. See
Shrood. [Prov. Eng.]
Shroud"ed, a. Provided with a shroud or
shrouds.
Shrouded gear (Mach.), a cogwheel
or pinion having flanges which form closed ends to the spaces
between the teeth and thus strengthen the teeth by tying them
together.
Shroud"ing, n. The shrouds. See
Shroud, n., 7.
Shroud"-laid` (?), a. Composed
of four strands, and laid right-handed with a heart, or center;
-- said of rope. See Illust. under
Cordage.
Shroud"less, a. Without a shroud.
Shroud"y (?), a. Affording
shelter. [R.]
Milton.
Shrove (?), imp. of
Shrive.
Shrove Sunday, Quinguagesima Sunday. --
Shrove Tuesday, the Tuesday following
Quinguagesima Sunday, and preceding the first day of Lent, or Ash
Wednesday. It was formerly customary in England, on
this day, for the people to confess their sins to their parish
priests, after which they dined on pancakes, or fritters, and the
occasion became one of merriment. The bell rung on this day is
popularly called Pancake Bell, and the day itself
Pancake Tuesday. P. Cyc.
Shrove, v. i. To join in the festivities
of Shrovetide; hence, to make merry. [Obs.]
J. Fletcher.
Shrove"tide` (?), n. [From
shrive to take a confession (OE. imp.
shrof, AS. scr\'bef) +
tide.] The days immediately preceding Ash
Widnesday, especially the period between the evening before
Quinguagesima Sunday and the morning of Ash Wednesday.
Shrov"ing, n. The festivity of
Shrovetide. [Obs.]
Shrow (?), n. A shrew.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Shrowd (?), v. t. See
Shrood. [Prov. Eng.]
Shrub (?), n. [Ar.
shirb, shurb, a drink, beverage, fr.
shariba to drink. Cf. Sirup,
Sherbet.] A liquor composed of vegetable
acid, especially lemon juice, and sugar, with spirit to preserve
it.
Shrub, n. [OE. schrob, AS.
scrob, scrobb; akin to Norw.
skrubba the dwarf cornel tree.]
(Bot.) A woody plant of less size than a tree,
and usually with several stems from the same root.
Shrub, v. t. To lop; to prune.
[Obs.]
Anderson (1573).
Shrub"ber*y (?), n.; pl.
Shrubberies (. 1. A
collection of shrubs.
2. A place where shrubs are planted.
Macaulay.
Shrub"bi*ness (?), n. Quality
of being shrubby.
Shrub"by (?), a.
[Compar. Shrubbier (?);
superl. Shrubbiest.] 1.
Full of shrubs.
2. Of the nature of a shrub; resembling a
shrub. \'bdShrubby browse.\'b8
J. Philips.
Shrub"less, a. having no shrubs.
Byron.
Shruff (?), n. [Cf.
Scruff, Scurf.] Rubbish.
Specifically: (a) Dross or refuse of metals.
[Obs.] (b) Light, dry wood, or stuff used
for fuel. [Prov. Eng.]
Shrug (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shrugged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shrugging
(?).] [Probably akin to
shrink, p. p. shrunk; cf. Dan.
skrugge, skrukke, to stoop, dial. Sw.
skrukka, skruga, to crouch.] To
draw up or contract (the shoulders), especially by way of
expressing dislike, dread, doubt, or the like.
He shrugs his shoulders when you talk of
securities.
Addison.
Shrug, v. i. To raise or draw up the
shoulders, as in expressing dislike, dread, doubt, or the
like.
They grin, they shrug.
They bow, they snarl, they snatch, they hug.
Swift.
Shrug, n. A drawing up of the shoulders,
-- a motion usually expressing dislike, dread, or doubt.
The Spaniards talk in dialogues
Of heads and shoulders, nods and shrugs.
Hudibras.
Shrunk"en (?), p. p. & a. from
Shrink.
Shuck (?), n. A shock of
grain. [Prev.Eng.]
Shuck, n. [Perhaps akin to G.
shote a husk, pod, shell.] 1. A
shell, husk, or pod; especially, the outer covering of such nuts
as the hickory nut, butternut, peanut, and chestnut.
2. The shell of an oyster or clam. [U.
S.]
Shuck, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Shucked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shucking.] To deprive of the
shucks or husks; as, to shuck walnuts, Indian corn,
oysters, etc.
Shuck"er (?), n. One who shucks
oysters or clams
Shud"der (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Shuddered
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Shuddering.] [OE. shoderen,
schuderen; akin to LG. schuddern, D.
schudden to shake, OS. skuddian, G.
schaudern to shudder, sch\'81tteln to
shake, sch\'81tten to pour, to shed, OHG.
scutten, scuten, to shake.] To
tremble or shake with fear, horrer, or aversion; to shiver with
cold; to quake. \'bdWith shuddering horror
pale.\'b8
Milton.
The shuddering tennant of the frigid zone.
Goldsmith.
Shud"der, n. The act of shuddering, as
with fear.
Shak.
Shud"der*ing*ly, adv. In a shuddering
manner.
Shude (?), n. The husks and
other refuse of rice mills, used to adulterate oil cake, or
linseed cake.
Shuf"fle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shuffled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shuffling
(?).] [Originally the same word as
scuffle, and properly a freq. of shove. See
Shove, and Scuffle.] 1. To
shove one way and the other; to push from one to another; as,
to shuffle money from hand to hand.
2. To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to
throw into disorder; especially, to change the relative positions
of, as of the cards in a pack.
A man may shuffle cards or rattle dice from noon to
midnight without tracing a new idea in his mind.
Rombler.
3. To remove or introduce by artificial
confusion.
It was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into
the papers that were seizen.
Dryden.
To shuffe off, to push off; to rid one's self
of. -- To shuffe up, to throw together in
hastel to make up or form in confusion or with fraudulent
disorder; as, he shuffled up a peace.
Shuf"fle, v. i. 1. To change
the relative position of cards in a pack; as, to
shuffle and cut.
2. To change one's position; to shift ground; to
evade questions; to resort to equivocation; to prevaricate.
I muself, . . . hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to
shuffle.
Shak.
3. To use arts or expedients; to make shift.
Your life, good master,
Must shuffle for itself.
Shak.
4. To move in a slovenly, dragging manner; to drag
or scrape the feet in walking or dancing.
The aged creature came
Shuffling along with ivory-headed wand.
Keats.
Syn. -- To equivicate; prevaricate; quibble; cavil; shift;
siphisticate; juggle.
Shuf"fle, n. 1. The act of
shuffling; a mixing confusedly; a slovenly, dragging
motion.
The unguided agitation and rude shuffles of
matter.
Bentley.
2. A trick; an artifice; an evasion.
The gifts of nature are beyond all shame and
shuffles.
L'Estrange.
Shuf"fle*board` (?), n. See
Shovelboard.
Shuf"fle*cap` (?),.A play performed by
shaking money in a hat or cap. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Shuf"fler (?), n. 1.
One who shuffles.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Either one of the three
common American scaup ducks. See Scaup duck, under
Scaup.
Shuf"fle*wing` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The hedg sparrow. [Prov.
Eng.]
Shuf"fling (?), a. 1.
Moving with a dragging, scraping step. \'bdA
shuffling nag.\'b8
Shak.
2. Evasive; as, a shuffling
excuse.
T. Burnet.
Shuf"fling, v. In a shuffling
manner.
Shug (?), v. i. [Cf.
Shrug.] 1. To writhe the body so as
to produce friction against one's clothes, as do those who have
the itch. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
2. Hence, to crawl; to sneak.
[Obs.]
There I 'll shug in and get a noble
countenance.
Ford.
Shu"mac (?), n. (Bot.)
Sumac.
Shun (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shunned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shunning.] [OE. shunien,
schunien, schonien, AS. scunian,
sceonian; cf. D. schuinen to slepe,
schuin oblique, sloping, Icel. skunda,
skynda, to hasten. Cf. Schooner,
Scoundrel, Shunt.] To avoid; to keep
clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape from; to eschew;
as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice.
I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not shunned to
declare unto you all the counsel of God.
Acts xx. 26,27.
Scarcity and want shall shun you.
Shak.
Syn. -- See Avoid.
Shun"less, a. Not to be shunned;
inevitable; unavoidable. [R.]
\'bdShunless destiny.\'b8
Shak.
<-- p. 1336 -->
Shunt (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shunted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Shunting.] [Prov. E., to
move from, to put off, fr. OE. shunten,
schunten, schounten; cf. D.
schuinte a slant, slope, Icel. skunda to
hasten. Cf. Shun.] 1. To shun; to
move from. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. To cause to move suddenly; to give a sudden
start to; to shove. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
Ash.
3. To turn off to one side; especially, to turn
off, as a grain or a car upon a side track; to switch off; to
shift.
For shunting your late partner on to me.
T. Hughes.
4. (Elec.) To provide with a shunt;
as, to shunt a galvanometer.
Shunt (?), v. i. To go aside;
to turn off.
Shunt, n. [Cf. D. schuinte
slant, slope, declivity. See Shunt, v.
t.] 1. (Railroad) A turning
off to a side or short track, that the principal track may be
left free.
2. (Elec.) A conducting circuit joining
two points in a conductor, or the terminals of a galvanometer or
dynamo, so as to form a parallel or derived circuit through which
a portion of the current may pass, for the purpose of regulating
the amount passing in the main circuit.
3. (Gunnery) The shifting of the studs
on a projectile from the deep to the shallow sides of the grooves
in its discharge from a shunt gun.
Shunt dynamo (Elec.), a dynamo in
which the field circuit is connected with the main circuit so as
to form a shunt to the letter, thus employing a portion of the
current from the armature to maintain the field. --
Shunt gun, a firearm having shunt rifling. See
under Rifling.
Shunt"er (?), n.
(Railroad) A person employed to shunt cars from
one track to another.
Shut (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Shut; p. pr. &
vb. n. Shutting.] [OE.
shutten, schutten, shetten,
schitten, AS. scyttan to shut or lock up
(akin to D. schutten, G. sch\'81tzen to
protect), properly, to fasten with a bolt or bar shot
across, fr. AS. sce\'a2tan to shoot. Shoot.] 1. To close so as to hinder
ingress or egress; as, to shut a door or a gate; to
shut one's eyes or mouth.
2. To forbid entrance into; to prohibit; to bar;
as, to shut the ports of a country by a
blockade.
Shall that be shut to man which to the beast
Is open?
Milton.
3. To preclude; to exclude; to bar out.
\'bdShut from every shore.\'b8
Dryden.
4. To fold together; to close over, as the fingers;
to close by bringing the parts together; as, to shut
the hand; to shut a book.
To shut in. (a) To inclose; to
confine. \'bdThe Lord shut him in.\'b8
Cen. vii. 16. (b) To cover or intercept the
view of; as, one point shuts in another. --
To shut off. (a) To exclude.
(b) To prevent the passage of, as steam through a
pipe, or water through a flume, by closing a cock, valve, or
gate. -- To shut out, to preclude from
entering; to deny admission to; to exclude; as, to shut
out rain by a tight roof. -- To shut
together, to unite; to close, especially to close by
welding. -- To shut up. (a) To
close; to make fast the entrances into; as, to shut up
a house. (b) To obstruct. \'bdDangerous
rocks shut up the passage.\'b8 Sir W. Raleigh.
(c) To inclose; to confine; to imprison; to fasten
in; as, to shut up a prisoner.
Before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut
up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.
Gal. iii. 23.
(d) To end; to terminate; to conclude.
When the scene of life is shut up, the slave will
be above his master if he has acted better.
Collier.
(e) To unite, as two pieces of metal by
welding. (f) To cause to become silent by
authority, argument, or force.
Shut, v. i. To close itself; to become
closed; as, the door shuts; it shuts
hard.
To shut up, to cease speaking.
[Colloq.]
T. Hughes.
Shut, a. 1. Closed or fastened;
as, a shut door.
2. Rid; clear; free; as, to get shut
of a person. [Now dialectical or local, Eng. &
U.S.]
L'Estrange.
3. (Phon.) (a) Formed by
complete closure of the mouth passage, and with the nose passage
remaining closed; stopped, as are the mute consonants,
p, t, k, b, d, and
hard g. H. Sweet. (b) Cut
off sharply and abruptly by a following consonant in the same
syllable, as the English short vowels,
Shut, n. The act or time of shutting;
close; as, the shut of a door.
Just then returned at shut of evening flowers.
Milton.
2. A door or cover; a shutter.
[Obs.]
Sir I. Newton.
3. The line or place where two pieces of metal are
united by welding.
Cold shut, the imperfection in a casting
caused by the flowing of liquid metal upon partially chilled
metal; also, the imperfect weld in a forging caused by the
inadequate heat of one surface under working.
Shute (?), n. Same as
Chute, or Shoot.
Shut"ter (?), n. 1.
One who shuts or closes.
2. A movable cover or screen for a window, designed
to shut out the light, to obstruct the view, or to be of some
strength as a defense; a blind.
3. A removable cover, or a gate, for closing an
aperture of any kind, as for closing the passageway for molten
iron from a ladle.
Shut"tered (?), a. Furnished
with shutters.
Shut"tle (?), n. [Also
shittle, OE. schitel, scytyl,
schetyl; cf. OE. schitel a bolt of a door,
AS. scyttes; all from AS. sce\'a2tan to
shoot; akin to Dan. skyttel, skytte,
shuttle, dial. Sw. skyttel, sk\'94ttel.
Shoot, and cf. Shittle,
Skittles.] 1. An instrument used in
weaving for passing or shooting the thread of the woof from one
side of the cloth to the other between the threads of the
warp.
Like shuttles through the loom, so swiftly glide
My feathered hours.
Sandys.
2. The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine,
which carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper
thread, to make a lock stitch.
3. A shutter, as for a channel for molten
metal. [R.]
Shuttle box (Weaving), a case at
the end of a shuttle race, to receive the shuttle after it has
passed the thread of the warp; also, one of a set of compartments
containing shuttles with different colored threads, which are
passed back and forth in a certain order, according to the
pattern of the cloth woven. -- Shutten race,
a sort of shelf in a loom, beneath the warp, along which the
shuttle passes; a channel or guide along which the shuttle passes
in a sewing machine. -- Shuttle shell
(Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of marine
gastropods of the genus Volva, or Radius,
having a smooth, spindle-shaped shell prolonged into a channel at
each end.
Shut"tle (?), v. i. To move
backwards and forwards, like a shuttle.
I had to fly far and wide, shutting athwart the big
Babel, wherever his calls and pauses had to be.
Carlyle.
Shut"tle*cock` (?), n. A cork
stuck with feathers, which is to be struck by a battledoor in
play; also, the play itself.
Shut"tle*cock, v. t. To send or toss to
and fro; to bandy; as, to shuttlecock
words.
Thackeray.
Shut"tle*cork` (?), n. See
Shuttlecock.
Shut"tle*wise` (?), adv. Back
and forth, like the movement of a shuttle.
Shwan"-pan (?), n. See
Schwan-pan.
Shy (?), a.
[Compar. Shier (?) or
Shyer; superl. Shiest or
Shyest.] [OE. schey,
skey, sceouh, AS. sce\'a2h; akin
to Dan. sky, Sw. skygg, D.
schuw, MHG. schiech, G. scheu,
OHG. sciuhen to be or make timid. Cf.
Eschew.] 1. Easily frightened;
timid; as, a shy bird.
The horses of the army . . . were no longer shy,
but would come up to my very feet without starting.
Swift.
2. Reserved; coy; disinclined to familiar
approach.
What makes you so shy, my good friend? There's
nobody loves you better than I.
Arbuthnot.
The embarrassed look of shy distress
And maidenly shamefacedness.
Wordsworth.
3. Cautious; wary; suspicious.
I am very shy of using corrosive liquors in the
preparation of medicines.
Boyle.
Princes are, by wisdom of state, somewhat shy of
thier successors.
Sir H. Wotton.
To fight shy. See under Fight,
v. i.
Shy, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Shied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Shying.] [From Shy,
a.] To start suddenly aside through fright
or suspicion; -- said especially of horses.
Shy, v. t. To throw sidewise with a
jerk; to fling; as, to shy a stone; to shy
a slipper.
T. Hughes.
Shy, n. 1. A sudden start
aside, as by a horse.
2. A side throw; a throw; a fling.
Thackeray.
If Lord Brougham gets a stone in his hand, he must, it seems,
have a shy at somebody.
Punch.
Shy"ly, adv. In a shy or timid manner;
not familiarly; with reserve. [Written also
shily.]
Shy"ness, n. The quality or state of
being shy. [Written also
shiness.]
Frequency in heavenly contemplation is particularly important
to prevent a shyness bewtween God and thy soul.
Baxter.
Syn. -- Bashfulness; reserve; coyness; timidity; diffidence.
See Bashfulness.
Shy"ster (?), n. [Perh. from G.
scheisse excrement.] A trickish knave; one
who carries on any business, especially legal business, in a mean
and dishonest way. [Slang, U.S.]
Si (?). [It.] (Mus.)
A syllable applied, in solmization, to the note B; more
recently, to the seventh tone of any major diatonic scale. It was
added to Guido's scale by Le Maire about the end of the 17th
century.<-- now called ti -->
\'d8Si*a"ga (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The ahu, or jairou.
Si*al"o*gogue (?), n. [Gr.
si`alon saliva + sialagogue.] (Med.)
An agent which promotes the flow of saliva.
\'d8Si"a*mang` (?), n. [Malay
si\'bemang.] (Zool.) A gibbon
(Hylobates syndactylus), native of Sumatra. It has the
second and third toes partially united by a web.
Si`a*mese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Siam, its native people, or their language.
Si`a*mese`, n. sing. & pl. 1. A
native or inhabitant of Siam; pl., the people of
Siam.
2. sing. The language of the
Siamese.
Sib (?), n. [AS.
sibb alliance, gesib a relative. Gossip.] A blood relation.
[Obs.]
Nash.
Sib, a. Related by blood; akin.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Your kindred is but . . . little sib to you.
Chaucer.
[He] is no fairy birn, ne sib at all
To elfs, but sprung of seed terrestrial.
Spenser.
Sib"bens (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Med.) A contagious disease,
endemic in Scotland, resembling the yaws. It is marked by
ulceration of the throat and nose and by pustules and soft
fungous excrescences upon the surface of the body. In the Orkneys
the name is applied to the itch. [Written also
sivvens.]
Si*be"ri*an (?), a. [From
Siberia, Russ. Sibire.] Of or
pertaining to Siberia, a region comprising all northern Asia and
belonging to Russia; as, a Siberian
winter. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Siberia.
Siberian crab (Bot.), the Siberian
crab apple. See Crab apple, under
Crab. -- Siberian dog
(Zo\'94l.), one of a large breed of dogs having
erect ears and the hair of the body and tail very long. It is
distinguished for endurance of fatigue when used for the purpose
of draught. -- Siberian pea tree
(Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Cragana
arborescens) with yellow flowers. It is a native of
Siberia.
{ Sib"i*lance (?), Sib"i*lan*cy
(?), } n. The quality or state of
being sibilant; sibilation.
Milton would not have avoided them for their
sibilancy, he who wrote . . . verses that hiss like
Medusa's head in wrath.
Lowell.
Sib"i*lant (?), a. [L.
sibilans, -antis, p. pr. of
sibilare to hiss: cf. F. sibilant.]
Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound;
hissing; as, s, z, sh, and
zh, are sibilant elementary sounds.
-- n. A sibiliant letter.
Sib"i*late (?), v. t. & i. To
pronounce with a hissing sound, like that of the letter
s; to mark with a character indicating such
pronunciation.
Sib`i*la"tion (?), n. [L.
sibilatio.] Utterance with a hissing sound;
also, the sound itself; a hiss.
He, with a long, low sibilation, stared.
Tennyson.
Sib"i*la*to*ry (?), a. Hissing;
sibilant.
Sib"i*lous (?), a. [L.
sibilus.] Having a hissing sound; hissing;
sibilant. [R.]
Pennant.
Sib"yl (?), n. [L.
sibylla, Gr. 1.
(Class. Antiq.) A woman supposed to be endowed
with a spirit of prophecy.
2. A female fortune teller; a pythoness; a
prophetess. \'bdAn old highland sibyl.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Sib"yl*ist, n. One who believes in a
sibyl or the sibylline prophecies.
Cudworth.
Sib"yl*line (?), a. [L.
sibyllinus.] Pertaining to the sibyls;
uttered, written, or composed by sibyls; like the productions of
sibyls.
Sibylline books. (a) (Rom.
Antiq.) Books or documents of prophecies in verse
concerning the fate of the Roman empire, said to have been
purchased by Tarquin the Proud from a sibyl. (b)
Certain Jewish and early Christian writings purporting to
have been prophetic and of sibylline origin. They date from 100
b. c. to a. d. 500.
Sic (?), a. Such.
[Scot.]
\'d8Sic (?), adv. [L.]
Thus.
sic], to call attention to the fact that some
remarkable or inaccurate expression, misspelling, or the like, is
literally reproduced.
Sic"a*more (?), n. (Bot.)
See Sycamore.
\'d8Sic"ca (?), n. [Ar.
sikka.] A seal; a coining die; -- used
adjectively to designate the silver currency of the Mogul
emperors, or the Indian rupee of 192 grains.
Sicca rupee, an East Indian coin, valued
nominally at about two shillings sterling, or fifty
cents.
Sic"cate (?), v. t. [L.
siccatus, p. p. of siccare to dry, fr.
siecus dry.] To dry.
[R.]
Sic*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
siccatio.] The act or process of
drying. [R.]
Bailey.
Sic"ca*tive (?), a. [L.
siccativus.] Drying; causing to dry.
-- n. That which promotes
drying.
Sic*cif"ic (?), a.[L.
siccificus; siccus dry + facere
to make. See -fy.] Causing dryness.
Sic"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
siccitas, fr. siccus dry.]
Dryness; aridity; destitution of moisture.
[Obs.]
The siccity and dryness of its flesh.
Sir T. Browne.
Sice (?), n. [F.
six, fr. L. sex six. See
Six.] The number six at dice.
Si"cer (?), n. [L.
sicera. See Cider.] A strong
drink; cider. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sich (?), a. Such.
[Obs. or Colloq.]
Spenser.
Si*cil"i*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants.
Sicilian vespers, the great massacre of the
French in Sicily, in the year 1282, on the evening of Easter
Monday, at the hour of vespers.
Si*cil"i*an, n. A native or inhabitant
of Sicily.
\'d8Si*ci`li*a"no (?), n. [It.,
Sicilian.] A Sicilian dance, resembling the pastorale,
set to a rather slow and graceful melody in 12-8 or 6-8 measure;
also, the music to the dance.
\'d8Si`ci`lienne" (?), n. [F.,
fem. of sicilien Sicilian.] A kind of rich
poplin.
Sick (?), a.
[Compar. Sicker (?);
superl. Sickest.] [OE.
sek, sik, ill, AS. se\'a2c; akin
to OS. siok, seoc, OFries. siak,
D. ziek, G. siech, OHG. sioh,
Icel. sj, Sw. sjuk, Dan.
syg, Goth. siuks ill, siukan to
be ill.] 1. Affected with disease of any
kind; ill; indisposed; not in health. See the Synonym under
Illness.
Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever.
Mark i. 30.
Behold them that are sick with famine.
Jer. xiv. 18.
2. Affected with, or attended by, nausea; inclined
to vomit; as, sick at the stomach; a sick
headache.
3. Having a strong dislike; disgusted; surfeited;
-- with of; as, to be sick of
flattery.
He was not so sick of his master as of his
work.
L'Estrange.
4. Corrupted; imperfect; impaired; weakned.
So great is his antipathy against episcopacy, that, if a
seraphim himself should be a bishop, he would either find or make
some sick feathers in his wings.
Fuller.
Sick bay (Naut.), an apartment in a
vessel, used as the ship's hospital. -- Sick bed,
the bed upon which a person lies sick. -- Sick
berth, an apartment for the sick in a ship of war.
-- Sick headache (Med.), a variety of
headache attended with disorder of the stomach and nausea.
-- Sick list, a list containing the names of the
sick. -- Sick room, a room in which a person
lies sick, or to which he is confined by sickness.
[These terms, sick bed, sick berth,
etc., are also written both hyphened and solid.]
Syn. -- Diseased; ill; disordered; distempered; indisposed;
weak; ailing; feeble; morbid.
Sick, n. Sickness.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Sick, v. i. To fall sick; to
sicken. [Obs.]
Shak.
Sick"-brained` (?), a.
Disordered in the brain.
Sick"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sickened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sickening.] 1. To make sick;
to disease.
Raise this strength, and sicken that to death.
Prior.
2. To make qualmish; to nauseate; to disgust;
as, to sicken the stomach.
3. To impair; to weaken. [Obs.]
Shak.
Sick"en, v. i. 1. To become
sick; to fall into disease.
The judges that sat upon the jail, and those that attended,
sickened upon it and died.
Bacon.
2. To be filled to disgust; to be disgusted or
nauseated; to be filled with abhorrence or aversion; to be
surfeited or satiated.
Mine eyes did sicken at the sight.
Shak.
<-- p. 1337 -->
3. To become disgusting or tedious.
The toiling pleasure sickens into pain.
Goldsmith.
4. To become weak; to decay; to languish.
All pleasures sicken, and all glories sink.
Pope.
Sick"en*ing (?), a. Causing
sickness; specif., causing surfeit or disgust; nauseating.
-- Sick"en*ing*ly,
adv.
Sick"er (?), v. i. [AS.
sicerian.] (Mining) To
percolate, trickle, or ooze, as water through a crack.
[Also written sigger, zigger, and
zifhyr.] [Prov. Eng.]
{ Sick"er, Sik"er }, a.
[OE. siker; cf. OS. sikur, LG.
seker, D. zeker, Dan. sikker,
OHG. sihhur, G. sicher; all fr. L.
securus. See Secure, Sure.]
Sure; certain; trusty. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Burns.
When he is siker of his good name.
Chaucer.
{ Sick"er, Sik"er },
adv. Surely; certainly. [Obs.]
Believe this as siker as your creed.
Chaucer.
Sicker, Willye, thou warnest well.
Spenser.
{ Sick"er*ly, Sik"er*ly },
adv. Surely; securely. [Obs.]
But sikerly, withouten any fable.
Chaucer.
{ Sick"er*ness, Sik"er*ness },
n. The quality or state of being sicker, or
certain. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Sick"ish, a. 1. Somewhat sick
or diseased.
2. Somewhat sickening; as, a sickish
taste.
-- Sick"ish*ly, adv. --
Sick"ish*ness, n.
Sic"kle (?), n. [OE.
sikel, AS. sicol; akin to D.
sikkel, G. sichel, OHG. sihhila,
Dan. segel, segl, L. secula, fr.
secare to cut; or perhaps from L. secula.
See Saw a cutting instrument.] 1. A
reaping instrument consisting of a steel blade curved into the
form of a hook, and having a handle fitted on a tang. The sickle
has one side of the blade notched, so as always to sharpen with a
serrated edge. Cf. Reaping hook, under
Reap.
When corn has once felt the sickle, it has no more
benefit from the sunshine.
Shak.
2. (Astron.) A group of stars in the
constellation Leo. See Illust. of Leo.
Sickle pod (Bot.), a kind of rock
cress (Arabis Canadensis) having very long curved
pods.
Sic"kle*bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of three species
of humming birds of the genus Eutoxeres, native of
Central and South America. They have a long and strongly curved
bill. Called also the sickle-billed
hummer. (b) A curlew.
(c) A bird of the genus Epimachus and
allied genera.
Sic"kled (?), a. Furnished with
a sickle.
Sic"kle*man (?), n.; pl.
Sicklemen (. One who uses a
sickle; a reaper.
You sunburned sicklemen, of August weary.
Shak.
Sic"kler (?), n. One who uses a
sickle; a sickleman; a reaper.
Sick"less (?), a. Free from
sickness. [R.]
Give me long breath, young beds, and sickless
ease.
Marston.
Sic"kle*wort` (?), n. [AS.
sicolwyrt.] (Bot.) (a)
A plant of the genus Coronilla (C.
scorpioides); -- so named from its curved pods.
(b) The healall (Brunella
vulgaris).
Sick"lied (?), a. Made sickly.
See Sickly, v.
Sick"li*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being sickly.
Sick"ly (?), a.
[Compar. Sicklier (?);
superl. Sickliest.] 1.
Somewhat sick; disposed to illness; attended with disease;
as, a sickly body.
This physic but prolongs thy sickly days.
Shak.
2. Producing, or tending to, disease; as, a
sickly autumn; a sickly climate.
Cowper.
3. Appearing as if sick; weak; languid; pale.
The moon grows sickly at the sight of day.
Dryden.
Nor torrid summer's sickly smile.
Keble.
4. Tending to produce nausea; sickening; as, a
sickly smell; sickly sentimentality.
Syn. -- Diseased; ailing; infirm; weakly; unhealthy;
healthless; weak; feeble; languid; faint.
Sick"ly, adv. In a sick manner or
condition; ill.
My people sickly [with ill will] beareth our
marriage.
Chaucer.
Sick"ly, v. t. To make sick or sickly;
-- with over, and probably only in the past
participle. [R.]
Sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.
Shak.
Sentiments sicklied over . . . with that cloying
heaviness into which unvaried sweetness is too apt to
subside.
Jeffrey.
Sick"ness, n. [AS.
se\'a2cness.] 1. The quality or
state of being sick or diseased; illness; sisease or
malady.
I do lament the sickness of the king.
Shak.
Trust not too much your now resistless charms;
Those, age or sickness soon or late disarms.
Pope.
2. Nausea; qualmishness; as, sickness
of stomach.
Syn. -- Illness; disease; malady. See
Illness.
Si"cle (?), n. [F., fr. L.
silcus, Heb. shegel. See
Shekel.] A shekel. [Obs.]
The holy mother brought five sicles and a pair of
turtledoves to redeem the Lamb of God.
Jer. Taylor.
\'d8Si"da (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Bot.) A genus
of malvaceous plants common in the tropics. All the species are
mucilaginous, and some have tough ligneous fibers which are used
as a substitute for hemp and flax.
Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Sid"dow (?), a. Soft;
pulpy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Side (?), n. [AS.
s\'c6de; akin to D. zijde, G.
seite, OHG. s\'c6ta, Icel.
s\'c6, Dan. side, Sw. sida;
cf. AS. s\'c6d large, spacious, Icel.
s\'c6 long, hanging.] 1. The
margin, edge, verge, or border of a surface; especially (when the
thing spoken of is somewhat oblong in shape), one of the longer
edges as distinguished from the shorter edges, called
ends; a bounding line of a geometrical figure; as,
the side of a field, of a square or triangle, of a
river, of a road, etc.
3. Any outer portion of a thing considered apart
from, and yet in relation to, the rest; as, the upper
side of a sphere; also, any part or position viewed
as opposite to or contrasted with another; as, this or that
side.
<-- any part of the surface which can be viewed from one vantage
point. -->
Looking round on every side beheld
A pathless desert.
Milton.
4. (a) One of the halves of the body, of
an animals or man, on either side of the mesial plane; or that
which pertains to such a half; as, a side of beef; a
side of sole leather. (b) The
right or left part of the wall or trunk of the body; as, a
pain in the side.
One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his
side.
John xix. 34.
5. A slope or declivity, as of a hill, considered
as opposed to another slope over the ridge.
Along the side of yon small hill.
Milton.
6. The position of a person or party regarded as
opposed to another person or party, whether as a rival or a foe;
a body of advocates or partisans; a party; hence, the interest or
cause which one maintains against another; a doctrine or view
opposed to another.
God on our side, doubt not of victory.
Shak.
We have not always been of the . . . same side in
politics.
Landor.
Sets the passions on the side of truth.
Pope.
7. A line of descent traced through one parent as
distinguished from that traced through another.
To sit upon thy father David's throne,
By mother's side thy father.
Milton.
8. Fig.: Aspect or part regarded as contrasted with
some other; as, the bright side of
poverty.
By the side of, close at hand; near to.
-- Exterior side. (Fort.) See
Exterior, and Illust. of
Ravelin. -- Interior side
(Fort.), the line drawn from the center of one
bastion to that of the next, or the line curtain produced to the
two oblique radii in front. H. L. Scott. --
Side by side, close together and abreast; in
company or along with. -- To choose sides, to
select those who shall compete, as in a game, on either
side. -- To take sides, to attach one's self
to, or give assistance to, one of two opposing sides or
parties.
Side (?), a. 1. Of or
pertaining to a side, or the sides; being on the side, or toward
the side; lateral.
One mighty squadron with a side wind sped.
Dryden.
2. Hence, indirect; oblique; collateral;
incidental; as, a side issue; a side view
or remark.
The law hath no side respect to their persons.
Hooker.
3. [AS. s\'c6d. Cf Side,
n.] Long; large; extensive.
[Obs. or Scot.]
Shak.
His gown had side sleeves down to mid leg.
Laneham.
Side action, in breech-loading firearms, a
mechanism for operating the breech block, which is moved by a
lever that turns sidewise. -- Side arms,
weapons worn at the side, as sword, bayonet, pistols,
etc. -- Side ax, an ax of which the handle is
bent to one side. -- Side-bar rule (Eng.
Law.), a rule authorized by the courts to be granted by
their officers as a matter of course, without formal application
being made to them in open court; -- so called because anciently
moved for by the attorneys at side bar, that is,
informally. Burril. -- Side box, a
box or inclosed seat on the side of a theater.
To insure a side-box station at half price.
Cowper.
-- Side chain, one of two safety chains connecting
a tender with a locomotive, at the sides. -- Side
cut, a canal or road branching out from the main one.
[U.S.] -- Side dish, one of the
dishes subordinate to the main course. -- Side
glance, a glance or brief look to one side. --
Side hook (Carp.), a notched piece of
wood for clamping a board to something, as a bench. --
Side lever, a working beam of a side-lever
engine. -- Side-lever engine, a marine steam
engine having a working beam of each side of the cylinder, near
the bottom of the engine, communicating motion to a crank that is
above them. -- Side pipe (Steam
Engine), a steam or exhaust pipe connecting the upper
and lower steam chests of the cylinder of a beam engine. --
Side plane, a plane in which the cutting edge of
the iron is at the side of the stock. -- Side
posts (Carp.), posts in a truss, usually
placed in pairs, each post set at the same distance from the
middle of the truss, for supporting the principal rafters,
hanging the tiebeam, etc. -- Side rod.
(a) One of the rods which connect the piston-rod
crosshead with the side levers, in a side-lever engine.
(b) See Parallel rod, under
Parallel. -- Side screw
(Firearms), one of the screws by which the lock is
secured to the side of a firearm stock. -- Side
table, a table placed either against the wall or aside
from the principal table. -- Side tool
(Mach.), a cutting tool, used in a lathe or
planer, having the cutting edge at the side instead of at the
point. -- Side wind, a wind from one side;
hence, an indirect attack, or indirect means.
Wright.
Side, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Sided; p. pr.& vb. n.
Siding.] 1. To lean on one
side. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. To embrace the opinions of one party, or engage
in its interest, in opposition to another party; to take sides;
as, to side with the ministerial party.
All side in parties, and begin the attack.
Pope.
Side, v. t. 1. To be or stand
at the side of; to be on the side toward.
[Obs.]
His blind eye that sided Paridell.
Spenser.
2. To suit; to pair; to match.
[Obs.]
Clarendon.
3. (Shipbuilding) To work (a timber or
rib) to a certain thickness by trimming the sides.
4. To furnish with a siding; as, to
side a house.
Side"board` (?), n. A piece of
dining-room furniture having compartments and shelves for keeping
or displaying articles of table service.
At a stately sideboard, by the wine,
That fragrant smell diffused.
Milton.
Side"bone` (?), n. (Far.)
A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter and at the sides
of the coronet and coffin bone of a horse.
J. H. Walsh.
Sid"ed (?), a. Having (such or
so many) sides; -- used in composition; as,
one-sided; many-sided.
Side"hill` (?), n. The side or
slope of a hill; sloping ground; a descent. [U.
S.]
Side"ling (?), adv. [OE.
sideling, fr. side side. See Side,
and cf. Sidelong, Headlong.]
Sidelong; on the side; laterally; also, obliquely;
askew.
A fellow nailed up maps . . . some sideling, and
others upside down.
Swift.
Side"ling, a. Inclining to one sidel
directed toward one side; sloping; inclined; as,
sideling ground.
Side"long` (?), adv. [See
Sideling, adv.] 1.
Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side.
2. On the side; as, to lay a thing
sidelong. [See Sideling,
adv. ]
Evelyn.
Side"long`, a. Lateral; oblique; not
being directly in front; as, a sidelong
glance.
The bashful virgin's sidelong looks of love.
Goldsmith.
Side"piece` (?), n.
(Joinery) The jamb, or cheek, of an opening in a
wall, as of door or window.
Sid"er (?), n. One who takes a
side.
Si"der (?), n. Cider.
[Obs.]
Sid"er*al (?), a. [L.
sideralis. See Sidereal.] 1.
Relating to the stars.
2. (Astrol.) Affecting unfavorably by
the supposed influence of the stars; baleful.
\'bdSideral blast.\'b8
Milton.
Sid"er*a`ted (?), a. [L.
sideratus, p. p. of siderari to be blasted
by a constellation, fr. sidus, sideris, a
constellation.] Planet-struck; blasted.
[Obs.]
Sid`er*a"tion, n. [L.
sideratio.] The state of being siderated,
or planet-struck; esp., blast in plants; also, a sudden and
apparently causeless stroke of disease, as in apoplexy or
paralysis. [Obs.]
Ray.
Si*de"re*al (?), a. [L.
sidereus, from sidus, sideris, a
constellation, a star. Cf. Sideral, Consider,
Desire.] 1. Relating to the stars;
starry; astral; as, sidereal astronomy.
2. (Astron.) Measuring by the apparent
motion of the stars; designated, marked out, or accompanied, by a
return to the same position in respect to the stars; as, the
sidereal revolution of a planet; a sidereal
day.
Sidereal clock, day,
month, year. See under
Clock, Day, etc. -- Sideral
time, time as reckoned by sideral days, or, taking the
sidereal day as the unit, the time elapsed since a transit of the
vernal equinox, reckoned in parts of a sidereal day. This is,
strictly, apparent sidereal time, mean sidereal
time being reckoned from the transit, not of the
true, but of the mean, equinoctial
point.
Si*de"re*al*ize (?), v. t. To
elevate to the stars, or to the region of the stars; to
etherealize.
German literature transformed, siderealized, as we
see it in Goethe, reckons Winckelmann among its initiators.
W. Pater.
Si*de"re*ous (?), a. [L.
sidereus.] Sidereal.
[Obs.]
Sid"er*ite, n. [L. sideritis
loadstone, Gr. 1. (Min.)
(a) Carbonate of iron, an important ore of iron
occuring generally in cleavable masses, but also in rhombohedral
crystals. It is of a light yellowish brown color. Called also
sparry iron, spathic
iron. (b) A meteorite consisting
solely of metallic iron. (c) An indigo-blue
variety of quartz. (d) Formerly, magnetic
iron ore, or loadstone.
2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus
Sideritis; ironwort.
{ Sid`er*o*graph"ic (?),
Sid`er*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to siderography; executed by engraved
plates of steel; as, siderographic art;
siderographic impressions.
Sid`er*og"ra*phist (?), n. One
skilled in siderography.
Sid`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy.] The art or
practice of steel engraving; especially, the process, invented by
Perkins, of multiplying facsimiles of an engraved steel plate by
first rolling over it, when hardened, a soft steel cylinder, and
then rolling the cylinder, when hardened, over a soft steel
plate, which thus becomes a facsimile of the original. The
process has been superseded by electrotypy.
Sid"er*o*lite (?), n. [Gr.
-lite.] A kind of
meteorite. See under Meteorite.
Sid"er*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr.
-mancy.] Divination by
burning straws on red-hot iron, and noting the manner of their
burning.
Craig.
Sid"er*o*scope (?), n. [Gr.
-scope.] An instrument for
detecting small quantities of iron in any substance by means of a
very delicate combination of magnetic needles.
\'d8Sid`e*ro"sis (?), n.[NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.) A sort of
pneumonia occuring in iron workers, produced by the inhalation of
particles of iron.
Sid"er*o*stat (?), n. [L.
sidus, sideris, a star + Gr.
(Astron.) An apparatus consisting essentially of
a mirror moved by clockwork so as to throw the rays of the sun or
a star in a fixed direction; -- a more general term for
heliostat.
\'d8Sid`e*rox"y*lon (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of tropical sapotaceous trees
noted for their very hard wood; ironwood.
Side"sad`dle (?), n. A saddle
for women, in which the rider sits with both feet on one side of
the animal mounted.
Sidesaddle flower (Bot.), a plant
with hollow leaves and curiously shaped flowers; -- called also
huntsman's cup. See
Sarracenia.
<-- p. 1338 -->
Sides"man (?), n.; pl.
Sidesmen (. 1. A
party man; a partisan.
Milton.
2. An assistant to the churchwarden; a
questman.
Side"-tak`ing (?), n. A taking
sides, as with a party, sect, or faction.
Bp. Hall.
Side"walk` (?), n. A walk for
foot passengers at the side of a street or road; a foot
pavement. [U.S.]
Side"ways` (?), adv. Toward the
side; sidewise.
A second refraction made sideways.
Sir I. Newton.
His beard, a good palm's length, at least, . . .
Shot sideways, like a swallow's wings.
Longfellow.
Side"-wheel`, a. Having a paddle wheel
on each side; -- said of steam vessels; as, a
side-wheel steamer.
Side"wind`er (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) See Horned rattler, under Horned.
2. A heavy swinging blow from the side, which
disables an adversary. [Slang.]
Side"wise` (?), adv. On or
toward one side; laterally; sideways.
I saw them mask their awful glance
Sidewise meek in gossamer lids.
Emerson.
<-- the informal name of a specific type of heat-seeking
air-to-air missile. Also, sidewinder missile. -->
Sid"ing (?), n. 1.
Attaching one's self to a party.
2. A side track, as a railroad; a turnout.
3. (Carp.) The covering of the outside
wall of a frame house, whether made of weatherboards, vertical
boarding with cleats, shingles, or the like.
4. (Shipbuilding) The thickness of a rib
or timber, measured, at right angles with its side, across the
curved edge; as, a timber having a siding of ten
inches.
Si"dle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sidled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Sidling
(?).] [From Side.]
To go or move with one side foremost; to move sidewise;
as, to sidle through a crowd or narrow
opening.
Swift.
He . . . then sidled close to the astonished
girl.
Sir W. Scott.
Siege (?), n. [OE.
sege, OF. siege, F. si\'8age a
seat, a siege; cf. It. seggia, seggio,
zedio, a seat, asseggio,
assedio, a siege, F. assi\'82ger to
besiege, It. & LL. assediare, L. obsidium a
siege, besieging; all ultimately fr. L. sedere to sit.
See Sit, and cf. See, n.]
1. A seat; especially, a royal seat; a
throne. [Obs.] \'bdUpon the very
siege of justice.\'b8
Shak.
A stately siege of sovereign majesty,
And thereon sat a woman gorgeous gay.
Spenser.
In our great hall there stood a vacant chair . . .
And Merlin called it \'bdThe siege perilous.\'b8
Tennyson.
2. Hence, place or situation; seat.
[Obs.]
Ah! traitorous eyes, come out of your shameless
siege forever.
Painter (Palace of Pleasure).
3. Rank; grade; station; estimation.
[Obs.]
I fetch my life and being
From men of royal siege.
Shak.
4. Passage of excrements; stool; fecal
matter. [Obs.]
The siege of this mooncalf.
Shak.
5. The sitting of an army around or before a
fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to
surrender; the surrounding or investing of a place by an army,
and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover
the besiegers from the enemy's fire. See the Note under
Blockade.
6. Hence, a continued attempt to gain
possession.
Love stood the siege, and would not yield his
breast.
Dryden.
7. The floor of a glass-furnace.
8. A workman's bench.
Knught.
Siege gun, a heavy gun for siege
operations. -- Siege train, artillery adapted
for attacking fortified places.
Siege, v. t. To besiege; to beset.
[R.]
Through all the dangers that can siege
The life of man.
Buron.
Siege"work` (?), n. A temporary
fort or parallel where siege guns are mounted.
Sie"mens-Mar`tin proc"ess (?). See
Open-hearth process, etc., under
Open.
Si"e*nite (?), n. (Min.)
See Syenite.
Si`e*nit"ic (?), a. See
Syenitic.
Si*en"na (?), n. [It.
terra di Siena, fr. Siena in Italy.]
(Chem.) Clay that is colored red or brown by the
oxides of iron or manganese, and used as a pigment. It is used
either in the raw state or burnt.
Burnt sienna, sienna made of a much redder
color by the action of fire. -- Raw sienna,
sienna in its natural state, of a transparent yellowish brown
color.
Si`en*nese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Sienna, a city of Italy.
\'d8Si*er"ra (?), n. [Sp.,
properly, a saw, fr. L. serra a saw. See
Serrate.] A ridge of mountain and craggy
rocks, with a serrated or irregular outline; as, the
Sierra Nevada.
The wild sierra overhead.
Whitter.
\'d8Si*es"ta (?), n. [Sp.,
probably fr. L. sessitare to sit much or long, v.
freq. of sedere, sessum, to sit. See
Sit.] A short sleep taken about the middle of
the day, or after dinner; a midday nap.
\'d8Sieur (?), n. [F., abbrev.
from seigneur. Cf. Monsieur, Seignior.]
Sir; -- a title of respect used by the French.
Sie"va (?), n. (Bot.)
A small variety of the Lima bean (Phaseolus
lunatus).
Sieve (?), n. [OE.
sive, AS. sife; akin to D. zeef,
zift, OHG. sib, G. sieb.
a. Cf. Sift.] 1.
A utensil for separating the finer and coarser parts of a
pulverized or granulated substance from each other. It consist of
a vessel, usually shallow, with the bottom perforated, or made of
hair, wire, or the like, woven in meshes. \'bdIn a
sieve thrown and sifted.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. A kind of coarse basket.
Simmonds.
Sieve cells (Bot.), cribriform
cells. See under Cribriform.
Si"fac (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The white indris of Madagascar. It is regarded by the
natives as sacred.
Sif"fle*ment (?), n. [F., a
whistling or hissing.] The act of whistling or
hissing; a whistling sound; sibilation. [Obs.]
A. Brewer.
Sif"i*let (?), n. [Cf. F.
siflet.] (Zo\'94l.) The
six-shafted bird of paradise. See Paradise bird,
under Paradise.
Sift (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sifted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Sifting.] [AS.
siftan, from sife sieve.
a. See Sieve.] 1.
To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance
from the coarse; as, to sift meal or flour; to
sift powder; to sift sand or lime.
2. To separate or part as if with a sieve.
When yellow sands are sifted from below,
The glittering billows give a golden show.
Dryden.
3. To examine critically or minutely; to
scrutinize.
Sifting the very utmost sentence and syllable.
Hooker.
Opportunity I here have had
To try thee, sift thee.
Milton.
Let him but narrowly sift his ideas.
I. Taylor.
To sift out, to search out with care, as if by
sifting.
Sift"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, sifts.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any lamellirostral bird,
as a duck or goose; -- so called because it sifts or strains its
food from the water and mud by means of the lamell
Sig (?), n. [Akin to AS.
s\'c6gan to fall. a. See
Sink, v. t.] Urine.
[Prov. Eng.]
Si*gaul"ti*an (?), a.
(Surg.) Pertaining to Sigault, a
French physician. See Symphyseotomy.
Sig"ger, v. i. Same as
Sicker. [Prov. Eng.]
Sigh (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Sighed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Sighing.]
[OE. sighen, si; cf. also OE.
siken, AS. s\'c6can, and OE.
sighten, si, sichten, AS.
siccettan; all, perhaps, of imitative origin.]
1. To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual,
and immediately expel it; to make a deep single audible
respiration, especially as the result or involuntary expression
of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, or the like.
2. Hence, to lament; to grieve.
He sighed deeply in his spirit.
Mark viii. 12.
3. To make a sound like sighing.
And the coming wind did roar more loud,
And the sails did sigh like sedge.
Coleridge.
The winter winds are wearily sighing.
Tennyson.
s\'c6th is still heard in England and among the
illiterate in the United States.
Sigh, v. t. 1. To exhale (the
breath) in sighs.
Never man sighed truer breath.
Shak.
2. To utter sighs over; to lament or mourn
over.
Ages to come, and men unborn,
Shall bless her name, and sigh her fate.
Pior.
3. To express by sighs; to utter in or with
sighs.
They . . . sighed forth proverbs.
Shak.
The gentle swain . . . sighs back her grief.
Hoole.
Sigh, n. [OE. sigh; cf. OE.
sik. See Sigh, v. i.]
1. A deep and prolonged audible inspiration or
respiration of air, as when fatigued or grieved; the act of
sighing.
I could drive the boat with my sighs.
Shak.
2. Figuratively, a manifestation of grief; a
lan
With their sighs the air
Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.
Milton.
Sigh"-born` (?), a. Sorrowful;
mournful. [R.] \'bdSigh-born
thoughts.\'b8
De Quincey.
Sigh"er (?), n. One who
sighs.
Sigh"ing, a. Uttering sighs; grieving;
lamenting. \'bdSighing millions.\'b8
Cowper. -- Sigh"ing*ly,
adv.
Sight (?), n. [OE.
sight, si, siht, AS.
siht, gesiht, gesih,
gesieh, gesyh; akin to D.
gezicht, G. sicht, gesicht, Dan.
sigte, Sw. sigt, from the root of E.
see. See See, v. t.]
1. The act of seeing; perception of objects by the
eye; view; as, to gain sight of land.
A cloud received him out of their sight.
Acts. i. 9.
2. The power of seeing; the faculty of vision, or
of perceiving objects by the instrumentality of the eyes.
Thy sight is young,
And thou shalt read when mine begin to dazzle.
Shak.
O loss of sight, of thee I most complain!
Milton.
3. The state of admitting unobstructed vision;
visibility; open view; region which the eye at one time surveys;
space through which the power of vision extends; as, an
object within sight.
4. A spectacle; a view; a show; something worth
seeing.
Moses said, I will now turn aside and see this great
sight, why the bush is not burnt.
Ex. iii. 3.
They never saw a sight so fair.
Spenser.
5. The instrument of seeing; the eye.
Why cloud they not their sights?
Shak.
6. Inspection; examination; as, a letter
intended for the sight of only one person.
7. Mental view; opinion; judgment; as, in their
sight it was harmless.
Wake.
That which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the
sight of God.
Luke xvi. 15.
8. A small aperture through which objects are to be
seen, and by which their direction is settled or ascertained;
as, the sight of a quadrant.
Thier eyes of fire sparking through sights of
steel.
Shak.
9. A small piece of metal, fixed or movable, on the
breech, muzzle, center, or trunnion of a gun, or on the breech
and the muzzle of a rifle, pistol, etc., by means of which the
eye is guided in aiming.
Farrow.
10. In a drawing, picture, etc., that part of the
surface, as of paper or canvas, which is within the frame or the
border or margin. In a frame or the like, the open space, the
opening.
11. A great number, quantity, or sum; as, a
sight of money. [Now
colloquial]
Sight in this last sense was formerly
employed in the best usage. \'bdA sight of
lawyers.\'b8
Latimer.
A wonder sight of flowers.
Gower.
At sight, as soon as seen, or presented to
sight; as, a draft payable at sight: to read Greek
at sight; to shoot a person at sight.
-- Front sight (Firearms), the sight
nearest the muzzle. -- Open sight.
(Firearms) (a) A front sight through
which the objects aimed at may be seen, in distinction from one
that hides the object. (b) A rear sight having
an open notch instead of an aperture. -- Peep
sight, Rear sight. See under
Peep, and Rear. -- Sight draft,
an order, or bill of exchange, directing the payment of money
at sight. -- To take sight, to take aim; to
look for the purpose of directing a piece of artillery, or the
like.
Syn. -- Vision; view; show; spectacle; representation;
exhibition.
Sight (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Sighted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Sighting.] 1.
To get sight of; to see; as, to sight land; to
sight a wreck.
Kane.
2. To look at through a sight; to see accurately;
as, to sight an object, as a star.
3. To apply sights to; to adjust the sights of;
also, to give the proper elevation and direction to by means of a
sight; as, to sight a rifle or a cannon.
Sight, v. i. (Mil.) To take
aim by a sight.
Sight"ed, a. Having sight, or seeing, in
a particular manner; -- used in composition; as,
long-sighted, short-sighted,
quick-sighted, sharp-sighted, and the
like.
Sight"ful (?), a. Easily or
clearly seen; distinctly visible; perspicuous.
[Obs.]
Testament of Love.
Sight"ful*ness, n. The state of being
sightful; perspicuity. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Sight"-hole` (?), n. A hole for
looking through; a peephole. \'bdStop all
sight-holes.\'b8
Shak.
Sight"ing, a & n. from Sight,
v. t.
Sighting shot, a shot made to ascertain
whether the sights of a firearm are properly adjusted; a trial
shot.
Sight"less, a. 1. Wanting
sight; without sight; blind.
Of all who blindly creep or sightless soar.
Pope.
2. That can not be seen; invisible.
[Obs.]
The sightless couriers of the air.
Shak.
3. Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; unsightly;
as, sightless stains. [R.]
Shak.
-- Sight"less*ly, adv.-
Sight"less*ness, n.
Sight"li*ness (?), n. The state
of being sightly; comeliness; conspicuousness.
Sight"ly (?), a. 1.
Pleasing to the sight; comely. \'bdMany brave,
sightly horses.\'b8
L'Estrange.
2. Open to sight; conspicuous; as, a house
stands in a sightly place.
Sight"proof` (?), a.
Undiscoverable to sight.
Hidden in their own sightproof bush.
Lowell.
Sight"-see`ing (?), a. Engaged
in, or given to, seeing sights; eager for novelties or
curiosities.
Sight"-see`ing, n. The act of seeing
sights; eagerness for novelties or curiosities.
Sight"-se`er (?), n. One given
to seeing sights or noted things, or eager for novelties or
curiosities.
Sight"-shot` (?), n. Distance
to which the sight can reach or be thrown.
[R.]
Cowley.
Sights"man (?), n.; pl.
Sightsmen (. (Mus.)
One who reads or performs music readily at first
sight. [R.]
<-- now, sight-reader -->
Busby.
Sig"il (?), n. [L.
sigillum. See Seal a stamp.] A
seal; a signature.
Dryden.
Of talismans and sigils knew the power.
Pope.
\'d8Sig`il*la"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[L., from sigillum a seal. See
Sigil.] (Rom. Antic.) Little
images or figures of earthenware exposed for sale, or given as
presents, on the last two days of the Saturnalia; hence, the last
two, or the sixth and seventh, days of the Saturnalia.
\'d8Sig`il*la"ri*a, n. [NL., fem sing.
fr. L. sigillum a seal.] (Paleon.)
A genus of fossil trees principally found in the coal
formation; -- so named from the seallike leaf scars in vertical
rows on the surface.
Sig`il*la"rid (?), n.
(Paleon.) One of an extinct family of
cryptagamous trees, including the genus Sigillaria and
its allies.
Sig"il*la`ted (?), a. [L.
sigillatus adorned with little images.]
Decorated by means of stamps; -- said of pottery.
Sig"il*la*tive (?), a. [L.
sigillum a seal: cf. OF. sigillatif.]
Fit to seal; belonging to a seal; composed of wax.
[R.]
\'d8Si*gil"lum (?), n.; pl.
Sigilla (#). [L.] (Rom.
& Old Eng. Law) A seal.
\'d8Sig"la (?), n. pl.
[L.] The signs, abbreviations, letters, or
characters standing for words, shorthand, etc., in ancient
manuscripts, or on coins, medals, etc.
W. Savage.
\'d8Sig"ma (?), n.; pl.
Sigmas (#). [L., from Gr.
The Greek letter S, or s). It
originally had the form of the English C.
Sig"mo*dont (?), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of a tribe
(Sigmodontes) of rodents which includes all the
indigenous rats and mice of America. So called from the form of
the ridges of enamel on the crowns of the worn molars. Also used
adjectively.
{ Sig"moid (?), Sig*moid"al
(?), } a. [Gr. sigmo\'8bde.] Curved in two directions,
like the letter S, or the Greek
Sigmoid flexure (Anat.), the last
curve of the colon before it terminates in the rectum. See
Illust. under Digestive. -- Sigmoid
valves. (Anat.) See Semilunar
valves, under Semilunar.
Sig*moid"al*ly, adv. In a sigmoidal
manner.
<-- p. 1339 -->
Sign (?), n. [F.
signe, L. signum; cf. AS. segen,
segn, a sign, standard, banner, also fr. L.
signum. Cf. Ensign, Resign,
Seal a stamp, Signal, Signet.]
That by which anything is made known or represented; that
which furnishes evidence; a mark; a token; an indication; a
proof. Specifically: (a) A remarkable event,
considered by the ancients as indicating the will of some deity;
a prodigy; an omen. (b) An event considered
by the Jews as indicating the divine will, or as manifesting an
interposition of the divine power for some special end; a
miracle; a wonder.
Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of
the Spirit of God.
Rom. xv. 19.
It shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither
hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will
believe the voice of the latter sign.
Ex. iv. 8.
(c) Something serving to indicate the existence, or
preserve the memory, of a thing; a token; a memorial; a
monument.
What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and
they became a sign.
Num. xxvi. 10.
(d) Any symbol or emblem which prefigures,
typifles, or represents, an idea; a type; hence, sometimes, a
picture.
The holy symbols, or signs, are not barely
significative; but what they represent is as certainly delivered
to us as the symbols themselves.
Brerewood.
Saint George of Merry England, the sign of
victory.
Spenser.
(e) A word or a character regarded as the outward
manifestation of thought; as, words are the sign of
ideas. (f) A motion, an action, or a gesture
by which a thought is expressed, or a command or a wish made
known.
They made signs to his father, how he would have
him called.
Luke i. 62.
(g) Hence, one of the gestures of pantomime, or of
a language of a signs such as those used by the North American
Indians, or those used by the deaf and dumb.
natural signs, which serve for communicating ideas,
and methodical, or systematic,
signs, adapted for the dictation, or the rendering, of
written language, word by word; and thus the signs are
to be distinguished from the manual alphabet, by which
words are spelled on the fingers.
(h) A military emblem carried on a banner or a
standard. Milton. (i) A lettered
board, or other conspicuous notice, placed upon or before a
building, room, shop, or office to advertise the business there
transacted, or the name of the person or firm carrying it on; a
publicly displayed token or notice.
The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted
signs, which gave a gay and grotesque aspect to the
streets.
Macaulay.
(j) (Astron.) The twelfth part of the
ecliptic or zodiac.
signs are reckoned from the point of
intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox,
and are named, respectively, Aries (Taurus (Gemini (II),
Cancer (Leo (Virgo (Libra (Scorpio (Sagittarius
(Capricornus (Aquarius (Pisces
(
(k) (Alg.) A character indicating the
relation of quantities, or an operation performed upon them;