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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Wuxiaozhuan Five (sets of) filial piety biographies Author: Tao Qian Release Date: November 25, 2009 [EBook #30544] Language: Chinese Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WUXIAOZHUAN *** Produced by News Li 书名: 五孝傳 陶潛 著 Title: Wuxiaozhuan Subtitle: Five (sets of) filial piety biographies Author: Tao Qian 陶潛-孝傳 天子孝傳贊 虞舜、夏禹、殷高宗、周文王。 虞舜父頑母嚚,事之於畎畝之間,以孝烝烝,是以堯聞而授之。富有天下,貴 為天子,以為不順於父母,若窮而無歸,惟(聞)〔順〕親可以得意,苟違朝 夕,若嬰兒之思戀,故稱舜五十而慕。《書》曰:「戛擊鳴球,搏拊琴瑟以詠 ,祖考來格。」言思其來而訓之。愛敬盡於事親,是以德教加於百姓,刑於四 海。 夏禹有天下,以奉宗廟,然躬自菲薄,以厚其孝。孔子曰:「禹,吾無間然矣 。菲飲食而致孝乎鬼神,惡衣服而致美乎黻冕。」禹之德於是稱聞。聖人之德 ,無以加於孝敬,孝敬之道,美莫大焉。 殷高宗諒陰,三年不言,百官?己而聽於?宰,三年而後言,天下咸歡,德教 大行,殷道以興。詩曰:「一人有慶,兆民賴之。」其此之謂乎! 周文王之為世子也,朝於王季日三,雞鳴至於寢門,問於內豎,內豎曰「安」 ,文王乃喜,「不安」,則色憂,行不能正履。日中、暮,亦如之。食上,必 視寒溫之節;食下,必問所膳而後退。文王孝道光大,其化自近至遠,刑於寡 妻,以御於家邦,故得萬國之歡心,以事其先王矣。 贊曰:至哉後德,聖敬自天。陶漁致養,菲薄饗先。親瘠色憂,諒陰寢言。一 人有慶,千載賴旃。 諸侯孝傳贊 周公旦、魯孝公、河間惠王。 周公旦,武王之弟。成王幼少,周公攝政,制禮作樂,郊祀后稷以配天,宗祀 文王於明堂,以配上帝,是以四海之內,各以其職來祭。詩曰:「於穆清廟, 肅雍顯相。」言諸侯樂其位而敬其事也。仲尼曰:「孝莫大於嚴父,嚴父莫大 於配天。」則周公其人也,貴而不驕,位高彌謙,自承文武之休烈,孝道通於 神明,光被四海。武王封之於魯,備其禮樂,以奉宗廟焉。 魯孝公之為公子,周宣王問公子能道訓諸侯者立之。樊穆仲稱其孝曰:「肅恭 明神,而敬事耆老,賦事行刑,必問於遺訓,咨於故實,不干所問,不犯所咨 。」王曰:「然則能訓理其民矣。」乃命之於夷宮,是為孝公。夫宗廟致敬, 不忘親也,有國不亦宜乎! 漢河間惠王,獻王之曾孫也。西京藩臣,多驕放之失,其名德者,唯獻王,而 惠王繼之,《漢書》稱其能修獻王之行。母薨,服喪盡禮。哀帝下詔書褒揚, 以為宗室儀表,增封萬戶。禮,古之人皆然,至於末俗衰薄,固已賢矣,貴而 率禮又難。其見褒賞,不亦宜乎。 贊曰:貴驕殊途,不期而會。周公勞謙,乃成光大。二侯承魯,遵儉去泰。河 間率禮,漢宗是賴。 卿大夫孝傳贊 孔子、孟莊子、潁考叔。 孔子,魯人也。入則事父兄,出則事公卿,喪事不敢不勉,故稱曰:「孝乎惟 孝,友於兄弟,是亦為政也。」君賜腥,必熟而薦之,雖蔬食而齊,祭如在。 鄉人儺,朝服立於阼階,孝之至也。至德要道,莫大於孝,是以曾參受而書之 。游、夏之徒,常咨稟焉。許止不嘗藥,書以殺父。宰我暫言減喪,責以不仁 。言合訓典,行合世范。德義可尊,作事可法,遺文不朽,揚名千載。 孟莊子,魯人也。孔子稱其孝,其他可能也。其不改父之政,與父之臣,是難 能也。夫孝子之事親也,事亡如事存,故當不義則爭之,存所不爭,則亡亦不 敢改,〔三年無改〕父之道,猶謂之孝,況終身乎。 潁考叔,鄭人也。莊公以叔段之故,與母誓曰:「不及黃泉,無相見也。」既 而悔之。考叔為封人,聞之,有獻於公,公賜之食,而舍肉。公問之,對曰: 「小人有母,未嘗君之羹,請以遺之。」公曰:「汝有母遺,繄我獨無!」考 叔曰:「何謂也?」公語之故,且告之悔。考叔曰:「若掘地及泉隧而相見, 其誰曰不然?」公從之,遂為母子如初。君子曰:潁考叔,純孝也,愛其母而 施及莊公,詩云:「孝子不匱,永錫爾類。」其是之謂乎。 贊曰:仁惟本悌,聖亦基孝。恂恂尼父,固天攸造。二子承親,式禮遵誥。永 錫純懿,無改遺操。 士孝傳贊 高柴、樂正子春、孔奮、黃香。 高柴,衛人也。喪親,泣血三年,未嘗見齒,所謂哭不偯,言不文也。為武城 宰而化行,民有不服其親者改之,行喪如禮。君子之德風也,以身先之,而民 不遺其親。 樂正子春,魯人也。下堂傷足,既瘳,數月不出,猶有憂色。曰:「吾聞之曾 子,父母全而生之,已全而歸之,可謂孝矣。故君子一舉足,一出言,不敢忘 父母,不敢毀傷,孝之始也。」夫能敬慎若斯,而災患及者,未之有也。 孔奮,扶風人也。少以孝行著名州裡,供養至謹。在官,唯母極甘美,妻息菜 食。歷位以清。夫人情莫不欲厚其親,然亦有分焉,(奮)〔奢〕則難繼,能 致儉以全養者,鮮矣。 黃香,江夏人也。九歲失〔母〕,思慕骨立,事父竭力以致養,冬無被?而盡 滋味,暑則扇床枕,寒則以身溫席。漢和帝嘉之,特加異賜,歷位恭勤,寵祿 榮親,可謂「夙興夜寐,無忝爾所生」者也。 贊曰:顯允群士,行殊名鈞。咸能夙夜,以義榮親。率彼城邑,用化厥民。忠 以悟主,其孝乃純。 庶人孝傳贊 江革、廉范、汝郁、殷陶。 江革,齊人也。漢章帝時,避賊負母而逃,賊賢之,不害而告其生路。竭力傭 債,以致甘暖,和顏悅色,以盡歡心,欲親之安,自挽車以行。鄉人歸之,號 曰江巨孝。位至五官中郎將,天子嘉焉,寵遇甚厚。告歸,詔書褒美,就家禮 其終身,以顯異行。 廉范,京兆人也,少孤,十五入蜀,迎父喪,遇石舡覆,范執骸而沒,船人救 之,僅免於死,遂以喪歸。及仕郡拯太守於危難,送故盡節,章帝時為郡守, 百姓歌詠之。夫孝者,人之本,教之所由生也,是以范之臨危也勇,宰民也惠 ,能以義顯也。 汝郁,陳郡人也。五歲,母病不食,郁亦不食。母憐之,強食。郁能察色,知 病,輒復不食。族人號曰「異童」。年十五,著於鄉里,父母終,思慕致毀, 推財與兄弟,隱於草澤,君子以為難。況童齔孝於自然,可謂天性也。 殷陶,汝南人也。年十二,以孝稱,遭父憂,率情合禮,有長蛇帶其門,舉家 奔走,陶以喪柩在(馬)〔焉〕,獨居廬不動。親戚扶持曉喻,莫能移之,( 帝)〔啼〕號益盛。由是顯名,屢辭辟命。夫智者不惑,勇者不懼,陶孝於其 親,而智勇並彰乎弱齡,斯又難矣。 贊曰:事親盡歡,其難在色。彼養以祿,我養以力。義在愛敬,榮不假飾。嗟 爾眾庶,鑑茲前式。 End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Wuxiaozhuan, by Tao Qian *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WUXIAOZHUAN *** ***** This file should be named 30544-0.txt or 30544-0.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/5/4/30544/ Produced by News Li Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. 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