Title: Bayesian Distributed Lag Interaction Models
Version: 0.5.0
Date: 2025-06-09
Description: Estimation and interpretation of Bayesian distributed lag interaction models (BDLIMs). A BDLIM regresses a scalar outcome on repeated measures of exposure and allows for modification by a categorical variable under four specific patterns of modification. The main function is bdlim(). There are also summary and plotting files. Details on methodology are described in Wilson et al. (2017) <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxx002>.
License: GPL (≥ 3)
Encoding: UTF-8
Imports: LaplacesDemon, ggplot2, parallel, BayesLogit
RoxygenNote: 7.3.2
BugReports: https://github.com/anderwilson/bdlim/issues/
URL: https://anderwilson.github.io/bdlim/, https://github.com/AnderWilson/bdlim/
Depends: R (≥ 2.10)
LazyData: true
NeedsCompilation: no
Packaged: 2025-06-10 22:16:40 UTC; anderwilson
Author: Ander Wilson ORCID iD [aut, cre]
Maintainer: Ander Wilson <ander.wilson@colostate.edu>
Repository: CRAN
Date/Publication: 2025-06-11 03:00:02 UTC

bdlim: Bayesian Distributed Lag Interaction Models

Description

logo

Estimation and interpretation of Bayesian distributed lag interaction models (BDLIMs). A BDLIM regresses a scalar outcome on repeated measures of exposure and allows for modification by a categorical variable under four specific patterns of modification. The main function is bdlim(). There are also summary and plotting files. Details on methodology are described in Wilson et al. (2017) doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxx002.

Details

The main function is bdlim4.

Author(s)

Maintainer: Ander Wilson ander.wilson@colostate.edu (ORCID)

References

Wilson A, Chiu YM, Hsu HL, Wright RO, Wright RJ, Coull BA (2017). “Bayesian distributed lag interaction models to identify perinatal windows of vulnerability in children's health.” Biostatistics, 18(3), 537–552. doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxx002. arXiv preprint.

See Also

Useful links:

Fit the BDLIM model with 1 pattern of modification

Description

Fit the BDLIM model with 1 pattern of modification

Usage

bdlim1(
  y,
  exposure,
  covars,
  group,
  id = NULL,
  w_free,
  b_free,
  df,
  nits,
  nburn = round(nits/2),
  nthin = 1,
  progress = TRUE
)

Arguments

y

A vector of outcomes

exposure

A matrix of exposures with one row for each individual

covars

A matrix or data.frame of covariates This should not include the grouping factor (see group below). This may include factor variables.

group

A vector of group memberships. This should be a factor variable.

id

An optional vector of individual IDs if there are repeated measures or other groupings that a random intercept should be included for. This must be a factor variable.

w_free

Logical indicating if the weight functions are shared by all groups (FALSE) or group-specific (TRUE).

b_free

Logical indicating if the effect sizes are shared by all groups (FALSE) or group-specific (TRUE).

df

Degrees of freedom for the weight functions

nits

Number of MCMC iterations.

nburn

Number of MCMC iterations to be discarded as burn in. The default is half if the MCMC iterations. This is only used for WAIC in this function but is passed to summary and plot functions and used there.

nthin

Thinning factors for the MCMC. This is only used for WAIC in this function but is passed to summary and plot functions and used there.

progress

Logical indicating if a progress bar should be shown during MCMC iterations. Default is TRUE.

Value

A list with posteriors of parameters

Examples



# run BDLIM with modification by ChildSex
fit_sex <- bdlim1(
  y = sbd_bdlim$bwgaz,
  exposure = sbd_bdlim[,paste0("pm25_",1:37)],
  covars = sbd_bdlim[,c("MomPriorBMI","MomAge","race","Hispanic",
                                   "EstMonthConcept","EstYearConcept")],
  group = as.factor(sbd_bdlim$ChildSex),
  w_free = TRUE,
  b_free = TRUE,
  df = 5,
  nits = 5000
)

# show model fit results
fit_sex

#summarize results
sfit_sex <- summary(fit_sex)
sfit_sex

# graph the estimated distributed lag functions for each group
plot(sfit_sex)


# run BDLIM with no modification
# here a single group is put in for group
# the group must be a factor
# w_free and b_free must be FALSE because modification is not allowed with only one group
fit_onegroup <- bdlim1(
  y = sbd_bdlim$bwgaz,
  exposure = sbd_bdlim[,paste0("pm25_",1:37)],
  covars = sbd_bdlim[,c("MomPriorBMI","MomAge","race","Hispanic",
                        "EstMonthConcept","EstYearConcept")],
  group = as.factor(rep("A",nrow(sbd_bdlim))),
  w_free = FALSE,
  b_free = FALSE,
  df = 5,
  nits = 5000
)

# show model fit results
fit_onegroup

#summarize results
sfit_onegroup <- summary(fit_onegroup)
sfit_onegroup

# graph the estimated distributed lag functions for the one group
plot(sfit_onegroup)

# extract the weight function
getw(fit_onegroup)

Fit the BDLIM model with 1 pattern of modification with logistic regression

Description

Fit the BDLIM model with 1 pattern of modification with logistic regression

Usage

bdlim1_logistic(
  y,
  exposure,
  covars,
  group,
  id = NULL,
  w_free,
  b_free,
  df,
  nits,
  nburn = round(nits/2),
  nthin = 1,
  progress = TRUE
)

Arguments

y

A vector of binary outcomes

exposure

A matrix of exposures with one row for each individual

covars

A matrix or data.frame of covariates This should not include the grouping factor (see group below). This may include factor variables.

group

A vector of group memberships. This should be a factor variable.

id

An optional vector of individual IDs if there are repeated measures or other groupings that a random intercept should be included for. This must be a factor variable.

w_free

Logical indicating if the weight functions are shared by all groups (FALSE) or group-specific (TRUE).

b_free

Logical indicating if the effect sizes are shared by all groups (FALSE) or group-specific (TRUE).

df

Degrees of freedom for the weight functions

nits

Number of MCMC iterations.

nburn

Number of MCMC iterations to be discarded as burn in. The default is half if the MCMC iterations. This is only used for WAIC in this function but is passed to summary and plot functions and used there.

nthin

Thinning factors for the MCMC. This is only used for WAIC in this function but is passed to summary and plot functions and used there.

progress

Logical indicating if a progress bar should be shown during MCMC iterations. Default is TRUE.

Value

A list with posteriors of parameters

Fit the BDLIM model with all 4 patterns of modification

Description

Fit the BDLIM model with all 4 patterns of modification

Usage

bdlim4(
  y,
  exposure,
  covars,
  group,
  id = NULL,
  df,
  nits,
  nburn = round(nits/2),
  nthin = 1,
  parallel = FALSE,
  family = "gaussian"
)

Arguments

y

A vector of outcomes

exposure

A matrix of exposures with one row for each individual

covars

A matrix or data.frame of covariates This should not include the grouping factor (see group below). This may include factor variables.

group

A vector of group memberships. This should be a factor variable.

id

An optional vector of individual IDs if there are repeated measures or other groupings that a random intercept should be included for. This must be a factor variable.

df

Degrees of freedom for the weight functions

nits

Number of MCMC iterations.

nburn

Number of MCMC iterations to be discarded as burn in. The default is half if the MCMC iterations. This is only used for WAIC in this function but is passed to summary and plot functions and used there.

nthin

Thinning factors for the MCMC. This is only used for WAIC in this function but is passed to summary and plot functions and used there.

parallel

Logical to use parallel computing for 4 models. If TRUE then the min of 4 and number of cores available will be used.

family

Family of model to be used. Supported options are "gaussian" for a normal/Gaussian linear model and "binomial" for a logistic model.

Value

A list of results from each different pattern of modification and model compassion metrics

Examples



# run BDLIM with modification by ChildSex
fit_sex <- bdlim4(
  y = sbd_bdlim$bwgaz,
  exposure = sbd_bdlim[,paste0("pm25_",1:37)],
  covars = sbd_bdlim[,c("MomPriorBMI","MomAge","race","Hispanic",
                                   "EstMonthConcept","EstYearConcept")],
  group = as.factor(sbd_bdlim$ChildSex),
  df = 5,
  nits = 5000,
  parallel = FALSE
)

# show model comparison results
fit_sex

#summarize results
sfit_sex <- summary(fit_sex)
sfit_sex
# graph the estimated distributed lag functions for each group
plot(sfit_sex)

Get weight function

Description

Get weight function

Usage

getw(object, type = "normal", ...)

Arguments

object

An object of class bdlim1.

type

Type of summary. The default is 'normal' which returns a summary with the mean projected to conform with the norm 1 constraint. Others are raw which is the same as normal but without the mean projected and full that returns all posterior samples used in the analysis (burn in removed and thinned).

...

Not used.

Value

A data frame with either the summary of the weight function (types normal and raw) or a posterior sample of the weight function (type full).

Make orthonomal basis for weight functions

Description

Make orthonomal basis for weight functions

Usage

makebasis(exposure, df)

Arguments

exposure

Matrix of repeated measures of exposure that is n x T where n is the number of observations and T is the number of time points.

df

Degrees of freedom (including intercept) for the natural spline basis to be used.

Value

A matrix with orthonormal basis expansions of exposure time. The matrix is T x df. These have the span of natural splines with an intercept and df degrees of freedom.

Examples

  B <- makebasis(sbd_bdlim[,paste0("pm25_",1:37)], df=4)

Model comparison for bdlim objects

Description

Model comparison for bdlim objects

Usage

modelcompare(object)

Arguments

object

An object of class bdlim4 obtained from the bdlim4 function.

Value

A vector of model probabilities.

Plot for Summary of BDLIM (summary.bdlim1 version)

Description

Plot for Summary of BDLIM (summary.bdlim1 version)

Usage

## S3 method for class 'summary.bdlim1'
plot(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object of class summary.bdlim1.

...

Not used.

Value

An ggplot2 figure.

Examples



# run BDLIM with modification by ChildSex
fit_sex <- bdlim4(
  y = sbd_bdlim$bwgaz,
  exposure = sbd_bdlim[,paste0("pm25_",1:37)],
  covars = sbd_bdlim[,c("MomPriorBMI","MomAge","race","Hispanic",
                                      "EstMonthConcept","EstYearConcept")],
  group = as.factor(sbd_bdlim$ChildSex),
  df = 5,
  nits = 5000,
  parallel = FALSE
)

# show model comparison results
fit_sex

#summarize results
sfit_sex <- summary(fit_sex)

# graph the estimated distributed lag functions for each group
plot(sfit_sex)

# can save plot as an object and modify with ggplot2
library(ggplot2)
plt <- plot(sfit_sex)
plt + ggtitle("My plot with BDLIM") +
 ylab("Estimated expected difference in\nBWGAZ per 1 ug/m3 increase in exposure")

# the summary file has the data to make this plot
head(sfit_sex$dlfun)

Plot for Summary of BDLIM

Description

Plot for Summary of BDLIM

Usage

## S3 method for class 'summary.bdlim4'
plot(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object of class summary.bdlim4.

...

Not used.

Value

An ggplot2 figure.

Examples



# run BDLIM with modification by ChildSex
fit_sex <- bdlim4(
  y = sbd_bdlim$bwgaz,
  exposure = sbd_bdlim[,paste0("pm25_",1:37)],
  covars = sbd_bdlim[,c("MomPriorBMI","MomAge","race","Hispanic",
                                      "EstMonthConcept","EstYearConcept")],
  group = as.factor(sbd_bdlim$ChildSex),
  df = 5,
  nits = 5000,
  parallel = FALSE
)

# show model comparison results
fit_sex

#summarize results
sfit_sex <- summary(fit_sex)

# graph the estimated distributed lag functions for each group
plot(sfit_sex)

# can save plot as an object and modify with ggplot2
library(ggplot2)
plt <- plot(sfit_sex)
plt + ggtitle("My plot with BDLIM") +
 ylab("Estimated expected difference in\nBWGAZ per 1 ug/m3 increase in exposure")

# the summary file has the data to make this plot
head(sfit_sex$dlfun)

Print Results

Description

Print Results

Usage

## S3 method for class 'bdlim1'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object of class bdlim1.

...

Not used.

Value

Assorted model output.

Print Results

Description

Print Results

Usage

## S3 method for class 'bdlim4'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object of class bdlim4.

...

Not used.

Value

Assorted model output.

Print Summary of bdlim4

Description

Print Summary of bdlim4

Usage

## S3 method for class 'summary.bdlim4'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object of class summary.bdlim4.

...

Not used.

Value

Assorted model output.

Simulated Birth Data

Description

A dataset containing simulated birth data for examples with bdlim. Add outcome and covariate data is simulated. The exposure data is real exposure data. Therefore, it has realistic correlation structure. The exposures are consistent with the date of conception variables. Each exposure is scaled by its IQR.

Usage

sbd_bdlim

Format

A data frame with 1000 rows (observations) and 202 variables:

bwgaz

Outcome to be used. Simulated birth weight for gestational age z-score.

ChildSex

Binary sex of child.

MomAge

Continuous age in years.

GestAge

Continuous estimated gestational age at birth in weeks.

MomHeightIn

Continuous maternal height in inches.

MomPriorWeightLbs

Continuous mothers pre-pregnancy weight in pounds.

MomPriorBMI

Continuous mothers pre-pregnancy BMI.

race

Categorical race.

Hispanic

Binary indicator of Hispanic.

MomEdu

Categorical maternal heighest educational attainment.

SmkAny

Binary indicator of any smoking during pregnancy.

Marital

Categorical maternal marital status.

Income

Categorical income.

EstDateConcept

Estimated date of conception.

EstMonthConcept

Estimated month of conception.

EstYearConcept

Estimated year of conception.

pm25_1

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 1 of gestation.

pm25_2

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 2 of gestation.

pm25_3

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 3 of gestation.

pm25_4

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 4 of gestation.

pm25_5

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 5 of gestation.

pm25_6

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 6 of gestation.

pm25_7

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 7 of gestation.

pm25_8

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 8 of gestation.

pm25_9

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 9 of gestation.

pm25_10

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 10 of gestation.

pm25_11

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 11 of gestation.

pm25_12

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 12 of gestation.

pm25_13

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 13 of gestation.

pm25_14

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 14 of gestation.

pm25_15

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 15 of gestation.

pm25_16

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 16 of gestation.

pm25_17

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 17 of gestation.

pm25_18

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 18 of gestation.

pm25_19

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 19 of gestation.

pm25_20

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 20 of gestation.

pm25_21

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 21 of gestation.

pm25_22

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 22 of gestation.

pm25_23

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 23 of gestation.

pm25_24

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 24 of gestation.

pm25_25

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 25 of gestation.

pm25_26

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 26 of gestation.

pm25_27

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 27 of gestation.

pm25_28

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 28 of gestation.

pm25_29

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 29 of gestation.

pm25_30

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 30 of gestation.

pm25_31

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 31 of gestation.

pm25_32

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 32 of gestation.

pm25_33

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 33 of gestation.

pm25_34

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 34 of gestation.

pm25_35

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 35 of gestation.

pm25_36

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 36 of gestation.

pm25_37

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to PM2.5 in week 37 of gestation.

no2_1

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 1 of gestation.

no2_2

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 2 of gestation.

no2_3

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 3 of gestation.

no2_4

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 4 of gestation.

no2_5

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 5 of gestation.

no2_6

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 6 of gestation.

no2_7

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 7 of gestation.

no2_8

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 8 of gestation.

no2_9

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 9 of gestation.

no2_10

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 10 of gestation.

no2_11

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 11 of gestation.

no2_12

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 12 of gestation.

no2_13

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 13 of gestation.

no2_14

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 14 of gestation.

no2_15

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 15 of gestation.

no2_16

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 16 of gestation.

no2_17

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 17 of gestation.

no2_18

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 18 of gestation.

no2_19

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 19 of gestation.

no2_20

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 20 of gestation.

no2_21

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 21 of gestation.

no2_22

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 22 of gestation.

no2_23

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 23 of gestation.

no2_24

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 24 of gestation.

no2_25

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 25 of gestation.

no2_26

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 26 of gestation.

no2_27

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 27 of gestation.

no2_28

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 28 of gestation.

no2_29

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 29 of gestation.

no2_30

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 30 of gestation.

no2_31

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 31 of gestation.

no2_32

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 32 of gestation.

no2_33

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 33 of gestation.

no2_34

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 34 of gestation.

no2_35

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 35 of gestation.

no2_36

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 36 of gestation.

no2_37

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to NO2 in week 37 of gestation.

so2_1

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 1 of gestation.

so2_2

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 2 of gestation.

so2_3

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 3 of gestation.

so2_4

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 4 of gestation.

so2_5

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 5 of gestation.

so2_6

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 6 of gestation.

so2_7

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 7 of gestation.

so2_8

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 8 of gestation.

so2_9

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 9 of gestation.

so2_10

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 10 of gestation.

so2_11

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 11 of gestation.

so2_12

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 12 of gestation.

so2_13

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 13 of gestation.

so2_14

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 14 of gestation.

so2_15

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 15 of gestation.

so2_16

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 16 of gestation.

so2_17

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 17 of gestation.

so2_18

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 18 of gestation.

so2_19

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 19 of gestation.

so2_20

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 20 of gestation.

so2_21

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 21 of gestation.

so2_22

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 22 of gestation.

so2_23

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 23 of gestation.

so2_24

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 24 of gestation.

so2_25

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 25 of gestation.

so2_26

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 26 of gestation.

so2_27

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 27 of gestation.

so2_28

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 28 of gestation.

so2_29

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 29 of gestation.

so2_30

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 30 of gestation.

so2_31

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 31 of gestation.

so2_32

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 32 of gestation.

so2_33

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 33 of gestation.

so2_34

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 34 of gestation.

so2_35

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 35 of gestation.

so2_36

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 36 of gestation.

so2_37

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to SO2 in week 37 of gestation.

co_1

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 1 of gestation.

co_2

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 2 of gestation.

co_3

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 3 of gestation.

co_4

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 4 of gestation.

co_5

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 5 of gestation.

co_6

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 6 of gestation.

co_7

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 7 of gestation.

co_8

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 8 of gestation.

co_9

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 9 of gestation.

co_10

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 10 of gestation.

co_11

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 11 of gestation.

co_12

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 12 of gestation.

co_13

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 13 of gestation.

co_14

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 14 of gestation.

co_15

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 15 of gestation.

co_16

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 16 of gestation.

co_17

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 17 of gestation.

co_18

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 18 of gestation.

co_19

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 19 of gestation.

co_20

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 20 of gestation.

co_21

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 21 of gestation.

co_22

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 22 of gestation.

co_23

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 23 of gestation.

co_24

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 24 of gestation.

co_25

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 25 of gestation.

co_26

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 26 of gestation.

co_27

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 27 of gestation.

co_28

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 28 of gestation.

co_29

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 29 of gestation.

co_30

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 30 of gestation.

co_31

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 31 of gestation.

co_32

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 32 of gestation.

co_33

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 33 of gestation.

co_34

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 34 of gestation.

co_35

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 35 of gestation.

co_36

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 36 of gestation.

co_37

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to CO in week 37 of gestation.

temp_1

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 1 of gestation.

temp_2

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 2 of gestation.

temp_3

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 3 of gestation.

temp_4

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 4 of gestation.

temp_5

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 5 of gestation.

temp_6

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 6 of gestation.

temp_7

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 7 of gestation.

temp_8

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 8 of gestation.

temp_9

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 9 of gestation.

temp_10

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 10 of gestation.

temp_11

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 11 of gestation.

temp_12

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 12 of gestation.

temp_13

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 13 of gestation.

temp_14

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 14 of gestation.

temp_15

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 15 of gestation.

temp_16

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 16 of gestation.

temp_17

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 17 of gestation.

temp_18

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 18 of gestation.

temp_19

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 19 of gestation.

temp_20

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 20 of gestation.

temp_21

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 21 of gestation.

temp_22

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 22 of gestation.

temp_23

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 23 of gestation.

temp_24

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 24 of gestation.

temp_25

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 25 of gestation.

temp_26

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 26 of gestation.

temp_27

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 27 of gestation.

temp_28

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 28 of gestation.

temp_29

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 29 of gestation.

temp_30

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 30 of gestation.

temp_31

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 31 of gestation.

temp_32

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 32 of gestation.

temp_33

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 33 of gestation.

temp_34

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 34 of gestation.

temp_35

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 35 of gestation.

temp_36

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 36 of gestation.

temp_37

Exposure to be used. Weekly average exposure to temperature in week 37 of gestation.

source

Variable indicating that the data came from the bdlim package.

Summary for bdlim1

Description

Summary for bdlim1

Usage

## S3 method for class 'bdlim1'
summary(object, ...)

Arguments

object

An object of class bdlim1.

...

Not used.

Value

An object of class summary.bdlim1.

Summary for bdlim4

Description

Summary for bdlim4

Usage

## S3 method for class 'bdlim4'
summary(object, model = NULL, ...)

Arguments

object

An object of class bdlim4.

model

Pattern of heterogeneity to be printed. If not specified (default) the best fitting model will be used. Options are "n", "b", "w" and "bw" where b indicates the effect sizes are subgroup specific and w indicates the weight functions are subgroups specific.

...

Other arguments

Value

An object of class summary.bdlim4.

Examples



# run BDLIM with modification by ChildSex
fit_sex <- bdlim4(
  y = sbd_bdlim$bwgaz,
  exposure = sbd_bdlim[,paste0("pm25_",1:37)],
  covars = sbd_bdlim[,c("MomPriorBMI","MomAge","race","Hispanic",
                                      "EstMonthConcept","EstYearConcept")],
  group = as.factor(sbd_bdlim$ChildSex),
  df = 5,
  nits = 5000,
  parallel = FALSE
)

#summarize results
summary(fit_sex)

# obtain estimates of the distributed lag function
# these are note displayed when printed but available for use
sfit_sex <- summary(fit_sex)
head(sfit_sex$dlfun)

# can summarize with a specific model
sfit_hisp_n <- summary(fit_sex, model="n") # no modification
sfit_hisp_b <- summary(fit_sex, model="b") # subgroup-specific effects (beta)
sfit_hisp_w <- summary(fit_sex, model="w") # subgroup-specific weight function
sfit_hisp_bw <- summary(fit_sex, model="bw") # both subgroup-specific