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Literature

[1] Smalltalk-80, the language and implementation
also known as "the Blue Book" due to its blue cover image.
Written by Adele Goldberg and David Robson, this is the definitive reference for the smalltalk language - a must in every library.
ISBN 0-201-11371-6 Addison Wesley

[2] Smalltalk-80, the language
also known as "the Purple Book". A new edition of [1] with some updates but also omissions (implementations, as the title suggests).
ISBN ? Addison Wesley

[3] Smalltalk-80, the interactive programming envronment
written by Adele Goldberg, also known as "the Orange Book". Describes the user interface as inthe original Xerox smalltalk implementation. Not up-to-date, but basic concepts are still as described therein.
ISBN 0-201-11372-4 Addison Wesley

[4] Smalltalk-80, bits of history words of advice
also known as "the Green Book". Some nice-to-read background information on the history and internals of early smalltalk implementations. Not up-to-date, many new research results make some of the articles obsolete.
ISBN 0-201-11669-3 Addison Wesley

[5] The design and evaluation of a high performance smalltalk system
written by David Michael Unger, this book describes many techniques which are also used in Smalltalk/X (and other modern smalltalk implementations). Particularly, the description of generation scavenging garbage collection, inline caching and lazy evaluation of contexts are valuable.
ISBN 0-262-21010-X Mit Press

[6] X3J20 Ansi Smalltalk Language Standard proposal
a not yet finished standard, which will describe a common language subset to be implemented (hopefully) by all smalltalk implementations.

[7] Inside Smalltalk volume 1
written by Wilf R. LaLonde & John R. Pugh.
although being outdated somewhat (since it describes an old version of Smalltalk-80), this book is still a very good reference on the smalltalk language and class library. Especially, the basic classes (collections, streams, numeric classes etc.) are described in much detail.
ISBN 0-13-465964-3 Prentice Hall